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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-特性对比" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特性对比"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>特性对比</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特性对比-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">4族元素</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。58种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_4_d%27a_tabla_periodica" title="Grupo 4 d'a tabla periodica – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo 4 d'a tabla periodica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="عناصر المجموعة الرابعة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عناصر المجموعة الرابعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupu_4" title="Elementos del grupu 4 – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elementos del grupu 4" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_sistemin_4-c%C3%BC_qrupu" title="Dövri sistemin 4-cü qrupu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri sistemin 4-cü qrupu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu_golongan_4" title="Datu golongan 4 – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Datu golongan 4" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група 4 на периодичната система – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Група 4 на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2" title="চতুর্থ শ্রেণীর মৌল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চতুর্থ শ্রেণীর মৌল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_4_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grup 4 de la taula periòdica – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup 4 de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._skupina" title="4. skupina – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="4. skupina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_Gr%C5%B5p_4" title="Elfen Grŵp 4 – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen Grŵp 4" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_4" title="Gruppe 4 – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gruppe 4" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titangruppe" title="Titangruppe – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Titangruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Group 4 element" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_de_grupo_4" title="Elemento de grupo 4 – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elemento de grupo 4" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupo_4" title="Elementos del grupo 4 – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elementos del grupo 4" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._taldeko_elementu" title="4. taldeko elementu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="4. taldeko elementu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%DB%B4_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="گروه ۴ جدول تناوبی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه ۴ جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryhm%C3%A4n_4_alkuaine" title="Ryhmän 4 alkuaine – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryhmän 4 alkuaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titaansk%C3%B6%C3%B6l" title="Titaanskööl – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Titaanskööl" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAil_Ghr%C3%BApa_4" title="Dúil Ghrúpa 4 – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dúil Ghrúpa 4" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_do_grupo_4" title="Elementos do grupo 4 – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elementos do grupo 4" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_4" title="קבוצת יסודות 4 – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת יסודות 4" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="समूह ४ तत्व – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समूह ४ तत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4 – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unsur golongan 4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_del_gruppo_4" title="Elementi del gruppo 4 – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elementi del gruppo 4" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4族元素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第4族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="4족 원소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4족 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_4_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grupp 4 de la taula periòdica – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grupp 4 de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97s_chemini%C5%B3_element%C5%B3_sistemos_IVB_grup%C4%97" title="Periodinės cheminių elementų sistemos IVB grupė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinės cheminių elementų sistemos IVB grupė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 4 на периодниот систем – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Група 4 на периодниот систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_4" title="Unsur kumpulan 4 – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Unsur kumpulan 4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titaangroep" title="Titaangroep – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Titaangroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_4" title="Gruppe 4 – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruppe 4" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grop_4_de_la_taula_periodica" title="Grop 4 de la taula periodica – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grop 4 de la taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA_4_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 4 ਤੱਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 4 ਤੱਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tytanowce" title="Tytanowce – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tytanowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_4" title="Elementos do Grupo 4 – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elementos do Grupo 4" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_Titanului" title="Grupa Titanului – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grupa Titanului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Подгруппа титана – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подгруппа титана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA" title="4වන කාණ්ඩයේ මූල ද්‍රව්‍ය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="4වන කාණ්ඩයේ මූල ද්‍රව්‍ය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Group 4 element" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._skupina" title="4. skupina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="4. skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanova_skupina" title="Titanova skupina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Titanova skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruubka_4" title="Guruubka 4 – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Guruubka 4" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_kat%C3%ABrt_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i katërt i elementeve kimike – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i katërt i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="4. група хемијских елемената – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4. група хемијских елемената" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_4-element" title="Grupp 4-element – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grupp 4-element" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_4_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நெடுங்குழு 4 தனிமங்கள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெடுங்குழு 4 தனிமங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_4_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="గ్రూప్ 4 మూలకం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రూప్ 4 మూలకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_4" title="ธาตุหมู่ 4 – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธาตุหมู่ 4" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._grup_elementi" title="4. grup elementi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="4. grup elementi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_4_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Група 4 періодичної системи елементів – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Група 4 періодичної системи елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 4 – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm nguyên tố 4" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="4族元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="4族元素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189302#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢"><span title="氫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦"><span title="氦（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氦（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂"><span title="鋰（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋰（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍"><span title="鈹（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈹（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼"><span title="硼（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硼（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳"><span title="碳（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碳（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮"><span title="氮（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氮（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧"><span title="氧（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氧（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟"><span title="氟（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氟（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖"><span title="氖（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氖（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠"><span title="鈉（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈉（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁"><span title="鎂（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎂（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝"><span title="鋁（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋁（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅"><span title="矽（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">矽（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷"><span title="磷（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">磷（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫"><span title="硫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯"><span title="氯（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氯（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩"><span title="氬（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氬（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾"><span title="鉀（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉀（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙"><span title="鈣（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈣（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪"><span title="鈧（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈧（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛"><span title="鈦（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈦（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒"><span title="釩（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釩（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬"><span title="鉻（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉻（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰"><span title="錳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁"><span title="鐵（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐵（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴"><span title="鈷（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈷（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍"><span title="鎳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜"><span title="銅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌"><span title="鋅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓"><span title="鎵（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎵（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗"><span title="鍺（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍺（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷"><span title="砷（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砷（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒"><span title="硒（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硒（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴"><span title="溴（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">溴（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪"><span title="氪（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氪（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷"><span title="銣（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銣（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶"><span title="鍶（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍶（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇"><span title="釔（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釔（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆"><span title="鋯（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋯（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌"><span title="鈮（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈮（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼"><span title="鉬（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉬（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝"><span title="鎝（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎝（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌"><span title="釕（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釕（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑"><span title="銠（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銠（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯"><span title="鈀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀"><span title="銀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉"><span title="鎘（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎘（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟"><span title="銦（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銦（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡"><span title="錫（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錫（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑"><span title="銻（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銻（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲"><span title="碲（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碲（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘"><span title="碘（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碘（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙"><span title="氙（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氙（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯"><span title="銫（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銫（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡"><span title="鋇（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋇（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧"><span title="鑭（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑭（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈"><span title="鈰（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈰（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨"><span title="鐠（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐠（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕"><span title="釹（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釹（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷"><span title="鉕（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉕（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐"><span title="釤（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釤（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕"><span title="銪（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銪（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆"><span title="釓（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釓（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽"><span title="鋱（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋱（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝"><span title="鏑（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏑（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬"><span title="鈥（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈥（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒"><span title="鉺（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉺（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥"><span title="銩（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銩（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱"><span title="鐿（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐿（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥"><span title="鎦（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎦（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪"><span title="鉿（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉿（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽"><span title="鉭（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉭（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨"><span title="鎢（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎢（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼"><span title="錸（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錸（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇"><span title="鋨（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋨（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱"><span title="銥（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銥（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂"><span title="鉑（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉑（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金"><span title="金（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">金（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞"><span title="汞（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">汞（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊"><span title="鉈（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉈（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅"><span title="鉛（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉛（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋"><span title="鉍（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉍（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋"><span title="釙（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釙（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹"><span title="砈（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砈（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡"><span title="氡（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氡（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫"><span title="鍅（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍅（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭"><span title="鐳（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐳（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕"><span title="錒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍"><span title="釷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤"><span title="鏷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾"><span title="鈾（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈾（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎"><span title="錼（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錼（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚"><span title="鈽（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈽（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅"><span title="鋂（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋂（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔"><span title="鋦（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋦（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫"><span title="鉳（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉳（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎"><span title="鉲（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉲（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿"><span title="鑀（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑀（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄"><span title="鐨（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐨（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔"><span title="鍆（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍆（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘"><span title="鍩（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍩（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒"><span title="鐒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪"><span title="鑪（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鑪（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀"><span title="𨧀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨧀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎"><span title="𨭎（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭎（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏"><span title="𨨏（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨨏（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆"><span title="𨭆（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭆（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑"><span title="䥑（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽"><span title="鐽（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀"><span title="錀（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶"><span title="鎶（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎶（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨"><span title="鉨（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇"><span title="鈇（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈇（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆"><span title="鏌（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝"><span title="鉝（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span title="鿬（預測為鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿬（預測為鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span title="鿫（預測為惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="nowrap" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">3族</a> ← <span style="width:8px; border:1px solid black" title="">  </span> → <a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">5族</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; margin=0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">IUPAC族編號</a></th> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr> <td>以元素命名</td> <td><span class="nowrap">鈦族元素</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">CAS族編號<br /><small>（美國，pattern A-B-A）</small></div></td> <td>IVB </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">舊IUPAC族編號<br /><small>（歐洲，pattern A-B）</small></div></td> <td>IVA </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">↓ <small><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">周期</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </th> <td title="鈦: 過渡金屬; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan-crystal_bar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Titanium crystal bar"><img alt="Image: Titanium crystal bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/210px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/315px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/420px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5572" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦</a> (Ti)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">22</span> <small><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </th> <td title="鋯: 過渡金屬; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zirconium crystal bar"><img alt="Image: Zirconium crystal bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/210px-Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/315px-Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/420px-Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4758" data-file-height="3498" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯</a> (Zr)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">40</span> <small><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </th> <td title="鉿: 過渡金屬; primordial; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px solid #6e6e8e; ;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hf-crystal_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hafnium crystal bar"><img alt="Image: Hafnium crystal bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/210px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/315px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/420px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5428" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿</a> (Hf)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">72</span> <small><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </th> <td title="鑪: 過渡金屬; synthetic; solid" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; width:210px; background:#f0f0f0; border:2px dotted #6e6e8e; ;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪</a> (Rf)<br /><span style="color:#000000;">104</span> <small><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <hr /> <b>圖例</b><center> <table style="text-align:center; border:0; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:2px solid #6e6e8e; background:#f0f0f0"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始核素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="primordial element"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始核素（页面不存在）">原始核素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/primordial_element" class="extiw" title="en:primordial element"><span lang="en" dir="auto">primordial element</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:2px dashed #6e6e8e; padding:0 2px; background:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>原子序顏色： <p><span style="color:#000000">固體</span>、<span style="color:#007000">液體</span>、<span style="color:#cb0000">氣體</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_periodic_table_group" title="Template:Infobox periodic table group"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_periodic_table_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox periodic table group（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_periodic_table_group" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox periodic table group"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>4族元素</b>（又稱<b>鈦族元素</b>）是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>上第4<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>（<b>ⅣB族</b>）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>，位于<a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">3族元素</a>与<a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">5族元素</a>之间。4族元素包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鈦">鈦</a>（Ti）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="鋯">鋯</a>（Zr）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="鉿">鉿</a>（Hf）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪</a>（Rf），均為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="过渡金属元素">過渡金屬元素</a>，其中鑪為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造元素">人造元素</a>，具極高的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>。 </p><p>本族的元素皆為堅硬且耐腐蝕的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%86%94%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="難熔金屬">難熔金屬</a>，能夠在表面形成堅固的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%8D%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鈍化">鈍</a>氧化物保護膜，阻止氧化持續，因此反應性不高。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特性对比"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7.E5.AF.B9.E6.AF.94"></span>特性对比</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：特性对比"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable centered" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>4族元素特性 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>名称 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">钛</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">锆</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">铪</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightgrey; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>1941 K (1668 °C)</td> <td>2130 K (1857 °C)</td> <td>2506 K (2233 °C)</td> <td>2400 K (2100 °C)<i>(推測)</i><sup id="cite_ref-rsc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haire_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightgrey; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a> </td> <td>3560 K (3287 °C)</td> <td>4682 K (4409 °C)</td> <td>4876 K (4603 °C)</td> <td>5800 K (5500 °C)<i>(推測)</i><sup id="cite_ref-rsc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haire_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightgrey; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a> </td> <td>4.507 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>6.511 g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>13.31  g·cm<sup>−3</sup></td> <td>23  g·cm<sup>−3</sup><i>(推測)</i><sup id="cite_ref-rsc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haire_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightgrey; text-align:left;">外观 </td> <td>金属银色</td> <td>银白色</td> <td>银灰色</td> <td>银色 <i>(推測)</i><sup id="cite_ref-rsc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haire_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:lightgrey; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a> </td> <td>140 pm</td> <td>155 pm</td> <td>155 pm</td> <td>150 pm <i>(推測)</i><sup id="cite_ref-Haire_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由於受到第6週期<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E6%94%B6%E7%BC%A9" title="镧系收缩">鑭系收縮</a>的影響，鉿的原子半徑幾乎與鋯相等，造成鉿與鋯的化學性質極為相似，因此難以用化學方法將兩者分離，但偏偏自然界中的鉿總是與鋯共生，而鋯的含量往往要比鉿高得多，因此鉿元素一直到西元1923年才被發現，比鋯晚了134年。 </p> <center> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>左方一族： </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ffdead"><b>4族元素<br />第4族</b> </td> <td>右方一族： </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">3族元素</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">5族元素</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rsc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsc_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsc_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsc_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsc_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/data/rutherfordium_data.html">Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190701164234/http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/data/rutherfordium_data.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Royal Chemical Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haire-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haire_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaire2006" class="citation book">Haire, Richard G. Transactinides and the future elements. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (编). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4020-3555-1" title="Special:网络书源/1-4020-3555-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-4020-3555-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=Transactinides+and+the+future+elements&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft.aulast=Haire&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=1-4020-3555-1&rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Ds%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ds区元素">ds區元素</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">f区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="G区元素">g区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="H区元素">h区元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">元素周期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC8%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第8周期元素">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC9%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="第9周期元素">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="主族元素">主族元素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">1</a>（碱金属）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">2</a>（碱土金属）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">13</a>（硼族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">14</a>（碳族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">15</a>（氮族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">16</a>（氧族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">17</a>（鹵素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">18</a>（稀有气体）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="副族元素">副族元素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">內過渡金属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超锕系元素">超锕系元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BA%8F" title="化学序">其它元素分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="稀土元素">稀土金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%86%94%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="難熔金屬">難熔金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">惰性金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91%E6%97%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鉑族金屬">鉑族金屬</a>（PGMs）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="鐵系元素">鐵族元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="轻金属">轻金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="重金属">重金属</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然金屬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Native metals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然金屬（页面不存在）">自然金屬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_metals" class="extiw" title="en:Native metals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Native metals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="类金属">类金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金属元素">非金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="兩性 (化學)">兩性元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="重元素">重元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="人工合成元素">人工合成元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%93%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超铀元素">超铀元素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超重元素">超重元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%90%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系后元素">锕系后元素</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主要錒系元素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Major actinide"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主要錒系元素（页面不存在）">主要錒系元素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_actinide" class="extiw" title="en:Major actinide"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Major actinide</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%A6%81%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="次要锕系元素">次要錒系元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:元素周期表">Category:元素周期表</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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