CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Madu - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"651dc302-a99d-487f-97c9-43b0fd801720","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Madu","wgTitle":"Madu","wgCurRevisionId":6076985,"wgRevisionId":6076985,"wgArticleId":29431,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Laman dengan ralat rujukan","Pautan wayback templat webarchive","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN","Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)","Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes","Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sanskrit","Rencana tanpa sumber rujukan","Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib PMID","Madu","Pemanis"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Madu","wgRelevantArticleId":29431,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10987","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice", "ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/1200px-Runny_hunny.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1820"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/800px-Runny_hunny.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1213"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/640px-Runny_hunny.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="971"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Madu - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Madu rootpage-Madu skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Madu" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Madu" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Madu" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Madu" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Penghasilan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penghasilan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Penghasilan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penghasilan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komposisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komposisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Komposisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komposisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kawalan_mutu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kawalan_mutu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kawalan mutu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kawalan_mutu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kawalan mutu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kawalan_mutu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piawaian_antarabangsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piawaian_antarabangsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Piawaian antarabangsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piawaian_antarabangsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kajian_metabolomik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kajian_metabolomik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kajian metabolomik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kajian_metabolomik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khasiat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khasiat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Khasiat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Khasiat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Khasiat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Khasiat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Nutrisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciri_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciri_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ciri lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciri_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutu_madu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutu_madu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mutu madu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutu_madu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madu_dari_pohon_getah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madu_dari_pohon_getah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Madu dari pohon getah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madu_dari_pohon_getah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 181 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">181 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuning" title="Heuning – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Heuning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honig" title="Honig – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Honig" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AD" title="ማር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunig" title="Hunig – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hunig" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%92%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܕܒܫܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܒܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D6%80" title="Մեղր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեղր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91iari" title="Ñiari – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ñiari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirete" title="Eirete – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eirete" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misk%27i" title="Misk'i – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Misk'i" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal" title="Bal – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81" title="মধু – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মধু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang-bi%CC%8Dt" title="Phang-bi̍t – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phang-bi̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="मधु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मधु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangguli" title="Tangguli – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tangguli" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng" title="Heng – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Heng" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Пчелен мед – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пчелен мед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Пыл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пыл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huchi" title="Huchi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Huchi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAl" title="Mêl – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mêl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiri" title="Shiri – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Shiri" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honig" title="Honig – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Honig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADs%CA%BCn%C3%A1_bit%C5%82%CA%BCizh" title="Tsísʼná bitłʼizh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsísʼná bitłʼizh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi" title="Mesi – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Μέλι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey" title="Honey – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Honey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Поназ – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Поназ" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielo" title="Mielo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mielo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezti" title="Ezti – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ezti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seero" title="Seero – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Seero" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madh" title="Madh – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huning" title="Huning – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Huning" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEl" title="Mîl – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mîl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil" title="Mil – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil" title="Mil – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Модз – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Модз" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5" title="म्होंव – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="म्होंव" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BBng-th%C3%B2ng" title="Phûng-thòng – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phûng-thòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%8C%EA%BF%80" title="벌꿀 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벌꿀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuma" title="Zuma – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zuma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D6%80" title="Մեղր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեղր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="मधु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मधु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielo" title="Mielo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mielo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diro" title="Diro – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Diro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melle" title="Melle – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Melle" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Мыд – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мыд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunang" title="Hunang – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hunang" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miele" title="Miele – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A9" title="דבש – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಜೇನು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თაფლი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თაფლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%86%DA%BE" title="ماچھ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ماچھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Ара балы – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ара балы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuki" title="Ubuki – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuki" title="Ubuki – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuki" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1" title="Мӱ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asali" title="Asali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwo" title="Siwo – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siwo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hingiv" title="Hingiv – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hingiv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%C3%A9l" title="Myél – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Myél" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medus" title="Medus – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunneg" title="Hunneg – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hunneg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вирт – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вирт" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medus" title="Medus – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%AA" title="Amê – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Amê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maf%C3%BAta_ma_nz%C3%B3i" title="Mafúta ma nzói – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mafúta ma nzói" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezi" title="Mezi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mezi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9z" title="Méz – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantely" title="Tantely – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tantely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BB" title="തേൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തേൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7" title="मध – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="თოფური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოფური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Медсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Медсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Зөгийн бал – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөгийн бал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ပျားရည် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပျားရည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necuhtli" title="Necuhtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Necuhtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honing" title="Honing – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Honing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoening" title="Hoening – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hoening" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9" title="मह – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कस्ति – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कस्ति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8le_(magn%C3%A0)" title="Mèle (magnà) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mèle (magnà)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Моз – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Моз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nang" title="Hönang – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hönang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A9" title="Mié – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mié" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8l" title="Mèl – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%B9" title="Мӱй – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мӱй" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%81" title="ମହୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal" title="Asal – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਹਿਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ماکھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماکھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honnig" title="Honnig – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Honnig" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3d" title="Miód – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miere" title="Miere – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachiwa_misk%27i" title="Lachiwa misk'i – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lachiwa misk'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%82" title="Мүөт – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мүөт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%83)" title="मधु (आहारपदार्थः) – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधु (आहारपदार्थः)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinnie" title="Hinnie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hinnie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huunich" title="Huunich – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Huunich" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjalti" title="Mjalti – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mjalti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92" title="මී පැණි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මී පැණි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey" title="Honey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Honey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="ماکي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماکي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malab" title="Malab – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھەنگوین – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەنگوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunaja" title="Hunaja – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hunaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honung" title="Honung – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Honung" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulot-pukyutan" title="Pulot-pukyutan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulot-pukyutan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தேன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamment" title="Tamment – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamment" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="తేనె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తేనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="น้ำผึ้ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำผึ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%ADt_ong" title="Mật ong – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mật ong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Асал – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏩᏚᎵᏏ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏩᏚᎵᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1hnom%C3%A1pano%27%C3%AAhas%C3%AB%C3%B6" title="Háhnomápano'êhasëö – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Háhnomápano'êhasëö" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97" title="ಚೀಯೊ/ತಿಗ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಚೀಯೊ/ತಿಗ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal" title="Bal – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_baly" title="Ary baly – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ary baly" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong" title="Tong – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="شہد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84" title="ھەسەل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھەسەل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangzrwi" title="Dangzrwi – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dangzrwi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezi" title="Mezi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mezi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5me_(amagn%C3%AE)" title="Låme (amagnî) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Låme (amagnî)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AAem" title="Zêem – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zêem" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugos" title="Dugos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dugos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92" title="האניג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האניג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%B3%96" title="蜜糖 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蜜糖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medos" title="Medos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modu" title="Modu – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Modu" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angivin" title="Angivin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Angivin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madu" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Madu" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Madu" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Madu" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&oldid=6076985" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Madu&id=6076985&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMadu"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMadu"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Madu"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Madu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Honey" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10987" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Madu_(nyahkekaburan)" class="mw-disambig" title="Madu (nyahkekaburan)">Madu (nyahkekaburan)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Runny_hunny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/220px-Runny_hunny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/330px-Runny_hunny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/440px-Runny_hunny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Sebalang madu dengan alat kayu penitisnya.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Madu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Jawi</a>: <span dir="rtl" style="font-size:100%;">‏<span title="Melayu (bahasa makro)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5953951">.mw-parser-output .script-Adlm{font-family:"Noto Sans Adlam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Aghb{font-family:"Noto Sans Caucasian Albanian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ahom{font-family:"Noto Serif Ahom"}.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh",Harmattan,"Arabic Typesetting","Traditional Arabic","Simplified Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Sakkal Majalla","Microsoft Uighur",Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .script-Armi{font-family:"Aramaic VIIBCE","Aramaic Imperial Yeb","Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic","Everson Mono","EversonMono","Unifont Upper CSUR","Unifont","Quivira","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Armn{font-family:"Segoe UI","Noto Sans Armenian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Avst{font-family:"Noto Sans Avestan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bali{font-family:"Tantular Bali","Aksara Bali","Noto Serif Balinese","Noto Sans Balinese"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bamu{font-family:"Noto Sans Bamum"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bass{font-family:"Noto Sans Bassa Vah"}.mw-parser-output .script-Batk{font-family:Pangururan,"Noto Sans Batak","Batak-Unicode","Batak Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Beng{font-family:"Noto Serif Bengali","Noto Sans Bengali"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bhks{font-family:"Noto Sans Bhaiksuki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bopo{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brah{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Brahmi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brai{font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bugi{font-family:"LontaraOT","Saweri","Leelawadee UI","Noto Sans Buginese","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Buhd{font-family:"Quivira","Noto Sans Buhid","Code2000","Sun-ExtA"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cakm{font-family:"Noto Sans Chakma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cans{font-family:"Euphemia","Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cari{font-family:"Noto Sans Carian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cham{font-family:"Noto Sans Cham"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cher{font-family:Gadugi,"Noto Sans Cherokee"}.mw-parser-output .script-Chrs{font-family:"Noto Sans Chorasmian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Copt{font-family:"New Athena Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","FreeSerif","Arial Coptic","Quivira","Analecta","Antinoou","Sophia Nubian","Noto Sans Coptic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cpmn{font-family:"Noto Sans Cypro Minoan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot","Code2001"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrl{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","BukyVede","Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT","Dilyana","Menaion","Menaion Medieval","Lazov","Code2000","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Code2001","FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase","Thryomanes","Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Deva{font-family:"Siddhanta","Sanskrit Text","Nirmala UI","Noto Serif Devanagari","Noto Sans Devanagari","Mangal"}.mw-parser-output .script-Diak{font-family:"Noto Serif Dives Akuru"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dogr{font-family:"Noto Serif Dogra"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dsrt{font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Sans Deseret"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dupl{font-family:"Noto Sans Duployan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Egyp{font-family:"Aegyptus","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Elba{font-family:"Noto Sans Elbasan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Elym{font-family:"Noto Sans Elymaic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ethi{font-family:"Abyssinica SIL","Noto Sans Ethiopic","Ebrima"}.mw-parser-output .script-Geok{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Kelvinch","Noto Sans Georgian","Noto Serif Georgian","Sylfean","Segoe WP","Segoe UI",Quivira,"MPH 2B Damase"}.mw-parser-output .script-Geor{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Kelvinch","Noto Sans Georgian","Noto Serif Georgian","Sylfean","Segoe WP","Segoe UI","Quivira","MPH 2B Damase"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode","Vikidemia","Bukyvede","FreeSerif","Ja","Unicode5","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gong{font-family:"Noto Sans Gunjala Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gonm{font-family:"Noto Sans Masaram Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Goth{font-family:"Vulcanius","Junicode","Pfeffer Mediæval","Ulfilas","Silubr","Skeirs","Midjungards","ALPHABETUM","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Noto Sans Gothic","Code2001","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gran{font-family:"Noto Serif Grantha","Noto Sans Grantha"}.mw-parser-output .script-Grek{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","Athena","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gujr{font-family:"Noto Sans Gujarati","Noto Serif Gujarati"}.mw-parser-output .script-Guru{font-family:"Noto Sans Gurmukhi","Noto Sans Gurmukhi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hani{font-family:"BabelStone Han","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo","FreeSerif","Quivira"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hans{font-family:"Noto Sans SC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Serif SC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Dengxian","微软雅黑","Microsoft YaHei","FangSong","KaiTi","NSimSun","SimHei","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hant{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans TC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif TC","Microsoft Jhenghei","PMingLiU","MingLiU","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hatr{font-family:"Noto Sans Hatran"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew","Cardo","Alef","Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre","David","Times New Roman","Gisha","Arial","FreeSerif","FreeSans"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hluw{font-family:"Noto Sans Anatolian Hieroglyphs"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmng{font-family:"Noto Sans Pahawh Hmong"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmnp{font-family:"Noto Serif Hmong Nyiakeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hung{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Hungarian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ital{font-family:"Italica Vetus","Italica Vetus SN","Cardo","FreeMono","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Old Italic","Quivira","Aegean","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Java{font-family:"Noto Sans Javanese","Javanese Text"}.mw-parser-output .script-Jpan{font-family:"Noto Sans JP","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif JP","Noto Serif CJK JP","BIZ UDPGothic","BIZ UDPMincho","BIZ UDGothic","BIZ UDMincho","Yu Gothic","Yu Mincho","Meiryo","MS PGothic","MS PMincho","MS Gothic","MS Mincho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kali{font-family:"Noto Sans Kayah Li"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kawi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kawi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Kharoshthi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khmr{font-family:"Khmer Busra","Khmer Mondulkiri","Khmer OS","Khmer OS Battambang","Khmer OS Boker","Khmer OS Content","Khmer OS Fasthand","Khmer OS Freehand","Khmer OS Metal Chrieng","Khmer OS Muol","Khmer OS Muol Pali","Khmer OS Siemreap","Khmer OS System","Khmer Oureang","Khmer Ratanakiri","KH Freehand","Kh Metal Chrieng","Kh Bokor","Hanuman","Noto Sans Khmer","Noto Serif Khmer","Khmer UI","Leelawadee UI","DaunPenh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khoj{font-family:"Noto Sans Khojki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kits{font-family:"BabelStone Khitan Small Linear","Noto Serif Khitan Small Script"}.mw-parser-output .script-Knda{font-family:"Noto Serif Kannada","Noto Sans Kannada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kore{font-family:"함초롬돋움 LVT","HCR Dotum LVT","함초롬바탕 LVT","HCR Batang LVT","본고딕","Source Han Sans K","본고딕 KR","Source Han Sans KR","思源黑體","Source Han Sans TC","思源黑體香港","Source Han Sans HC","思源黑体","Source Han Sans SC","源ノ角ゴシック","Source Han Sans","본명조","Source Han Serif K","본명조 KR","Source Han Serif KR","思源宋體","Source Han Serif TC","思源宋體香港","Source Han Serif HC","思源宋体","Source Han Serif SC","源ノ明朝","Source Han Serif","Noto Sans CJK KR","Noto Sans KR","Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK HC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif CJK KR","Noto Serif KR","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK JP","나눔바른고딕 옛한글","NanumBarunGothic YetHangul","나눔명조 옛한글","NanumMyeongjo YetHangul","은 바탕","Un Batang","돋움 옛한글","Dotum Old Hangul","바탕 옛한글","Batang Old Hangul","굴림 옛한글","NewGulim Old Hangul","궁서 옛한글","Gungsuh Old Hangul","맑은 고딕","Malgun Gothic","함초롬돋움","HCR Dotum","함초롬바탕","HCR Batang"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kthi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kaithi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lana{font-family:"NS Tahlom","Noto Sans Tai Tham","Lanna Alif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Laoo{font-family:"SengBuhan","SaysetthaMai","Lanexang Mon4","Saysettha","Noto Serif Lao","Noto Sans Lao","Leelawadee UI","Lao UI","DokChampa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lepc{font-family:"Noto Sans Lepcha"}.mw-parser-output .script-Limb{font-family:"Noto Sans Limbu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lisu{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Lisu Unicode","Miao Unicode","Noto Sans Lisu","Segoe UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lyci{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lycian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lydi{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lydian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mahj{font-family:"Noto Sans Mahajani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Maka{font-family:"Noto Serif Makasar"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mand{font-family:"Noto Sans Mandaic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mani{font-family:"Noto Sans Manichaean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Marc{font-family:"Noto Sans Marchen"}.mw-parser-output .script-Medf{font-family:"Noto Sans Medefaidrin"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mend{font-family:"Noto Sans Mende Kikakui"}.mw-parser-output .script-Merc{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mero{font-family:"Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mlym{font-family:"Noto Serif Malayalam","Noto Sans Malayalam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Modi{font-family:"Noto Sans Modi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mroo{font-family:"Noto Sans Mro"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mult{font-family:"Noto Sans Multani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mymr{font-family:"Myanmar Text","Myanmar3","Myanmar2","Myanmar1","Padauk","Noto Sans Myanmar","mm3web","TharLon","Masterpiece Uni Sans","Parabaik","Yunghkio","Thanlwin","Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nagm{font-family:"Noto Sans Nag Mundari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nand{font-family:"Noto Sans Nandinagari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Narb{font-family:"Noto Sans Old North Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nbat{font-family:"Noto Sans Nabataean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Newa{font-family:"Noto Sans Newa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nkoo{font-family:"Conakry","DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","Noto Sans NKo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nshu{font-family:"Noto Traditional Nushu","Noto Sans Nushu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ogam{font-family:"BabelStone Ogham","BabelStone Ogham Fixed","BabelStone Ogham Bound","BabelStone Ogham Stemless","BabelStone Ogham Lithic","BabelStone Ogham Pictish","BabelStone Ogham Special","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Ogham","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Olck{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Ol Chiki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orkh{font-family:"Orkun","Old Turkic","Orkun Brush","Türik Bitig","Quivira","BabelStone Irk Bitig Colour","Babelstone Irk Bitig","Noto Sans Old Turkic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orya{font-family:"Noto Sans Oriya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osge{font-family:"Noto Sans Osage"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osma{font-family:"Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Osmanya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ougr{font-family:"Noto Serif Old Uyghur"}.mw-parser-output .script-Palm{font-family:"Noto Sans Palmyrene"}.mw-parser-output .script-Pauc{font-family:"Noto Sans Pau Cin Hau"}.mw-parser-output .script-Perm{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Permic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phag{font-family:"Microsoft PhagsPa","Noto Sans Phags Pa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phli{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi","Shapour","ZH Mono","sans-serif";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .script-Phlp{font-family:"Noto Sans Psalter Pahlavi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phnx{font-family:"ALPHABETUM Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","Aegean","Code2001","Noto Sans Phoenician","FreeSans","Segoe UI Historic","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Plrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Miao"}.mw-parser-output .script-Prti{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rjng{font-family:"Noto Sans Rejang"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rohg{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Runr{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth","Junicode","Kelvinch","Free Monospaced","Code2000","Hnias","Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Samr{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono","EversonMono","Unifont","Quivira","sans-serif";direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}.mw-parser-output .script-Sarb{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old South Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Saur{font-family:"Noto Sans Saurashtra"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sgnw{font-family:"Noto Sans SignWriting"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shaw{font-family:"Noto Sans Shavian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sharada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sidd{font-family:"Noto Sans Siddham","Muktamsiddham","ApDevaSanskrit","ApDevaSiddham","ApDevaSiddhamEx","ApSiddham","MuktamsiddhamG","和田研中丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabChuMaruGo2004Emoji","和田研細丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabMaruGo2004Emoji"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sind{font-family:"Noto Sans Khudawadi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sinh{font-family:"Iskoola Pota","Noto Sans Sinhala","Noto Sans Sinhala","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogo{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sora{font-family:"Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Sora Sompeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Soyo{font-family:"Noto Sans Soyombo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sund{font-family:"Sundanese Unicode 2013","Sundanese Unicode","Noto Sans Sundanese"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sylo{font-family:"Noto Sans Syloti Nagri","Surma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrc{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tagb{font-family:"Tagbanwa","Quivira","Noto Sans Tagbanwa","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Takr{font-family:"Noto Sans Takri"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tale{font-family:"Microsoft Tai Le","Noto Sans Tai Le"}.mw-parser-output .script-Talu{font-family:"Dai Banna SIL","Noto Sans New Tai Lue","Microsoft New Tai Lue"}.mw-parser-output .script-Taml{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Latha,"Noto Serif Tamil","Noto Sans Tamil"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tang{font-family:"Tangut Yinchuan","Tangut N4694","New Tangut","New Tangut Std","Tangut TWU","TH-Tshyn-P1","TH-Feon-B","Babelstone Tangut Wenhai","Noto Serif Tangut"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tavt{font-family:"Noto Sans Tai Viet"}.mw-parser-output .script-Telu{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Gautami,"Noto Serif Telugu","Noto Sans Telugu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tfng{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Tifinagh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tglg{font-family:"Noto Sans Tagalog","Tagalog Doctrina 1593","Baybayin Lopez","Tagalog Stylized","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thaa{font-family:"MV Boli","Noto Sans Thaana"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thai{font-family:"Noto Serif Thai",Leelawadee,Tahoma,"Noto Sans Thai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tibt{font-family:"Microsoft Himalaya","Noto Sans Tibetan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tirh{font-family:"Noto Sans Tirhuta"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tnsa{font-family:"Noto Sans Tangsa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Toto{font-family:"Noto Serif Toto"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vaii{font-family:Ebrima,"Noto Sans Vai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vith{font-family:"Noto Serif Vithkuqi","Noto Sans Vithkuqi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wara{font-family:"Noto Sans Warang Citi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wcho{font-family:"Noto Sans Wancho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian","Artaxerxes","Xerxes","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xsux{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cuneiform"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yezi{font-family:"Noto Sans Yezidi","Noto Serif Yezidi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yiii{font-family:"Nuosu SIL","SIL Yi","Microsoft Yi Baiti","Noto Sans Yi","NSimSun-18030","SimSun-18030","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zanb{font-family:"BabelStone Zanabazar","Noto Sans Zanabazar Square"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zsye{font-family:"Apple Color Emoji","Noto Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbols"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latg{font-family:Duibhlinn,Ceanannas,Corcaigh,Bunchló,"Bunchló Ársa GC","Bunchlo Arsa GC",Gaelic,Gadelica,Junicode,Cardo}.mw-parser-output .script-Latn{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond","Cormorant","Cardo","ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIÆVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syre{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrj{font-family:"Serto Antioch Bible","Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Western"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrn{font-family:"East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac",FreeSans,Code2000}.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">مادو</span>‎</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ms is deprecated </span>‎</span>; pinjaman <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">मधु</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: sa is deprecated </span> <i>madhu</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ialah sejenis manisan semula jadi dihasilkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah">lebah</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebah_madu" title="Lebah madu">jenis tertentu</a><sup id="cite_ref-Crane1990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crane1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grüter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grüter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (genus <i>Apis</i>) hasil pengambilan <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a> <a href="/wiki/Bunga" title="Bunga">bunga</a> ketika spesies-spesies lebah ini menjalankan <a href="/wiki/Pendebungaan" title="Pendebungaan">pendebungaan</a>. </p><p>Kepelbagaian madu terhasil sering menjadi rujukan dan jenis madu yang dipungut oleh penternak madu serta kegunaan oleh manusia. Madu yang terhasil boleh dibezakan bukan sahaja daripada jenis <a href="/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga">serangga</a> yang menghasilkannya malah juga sumber nektar yang dipungut. Pelbagai jenis dan gred madu berada di pasaran. Madu juga digunakan dalam berbagai jenis perubatan tradisional bagi merawat penyakit. Madu Bunga Habbatus Sauda merupakan antara madu yang memiliki rasa yang sangat sedap dan unik. </p><p>Kajian <a href="/wiki/Debunga" title="Debunga">debunga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Spora" title="Spora">spora</a> dalam madu mentah (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Melissopalinologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melissopalinologi (laman tidak wujud)">melissopalinologi</a>) dapat menentukan jenis sumber flora (bunga) madu tersebut dipungut.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh kerana lebah membawa cas elektrostatik, dan boleh menarik zarah-zarah, teknik melissopalinologi yang sama boleh digunakan untuk bidang kajian alam sekitar mengenai zarah radioaktif, debu atau pencemaran partikel bebas.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penghasilan">Penghasilan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Penghasilan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penghasilan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/220px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/330px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/440px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Seekor lebah madu</figcaption></figure> <p>Lebah madu menukarkan nektarR kepada madu melalui proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regurgitasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regurgitasi (laman tidak wujud)">regurgitasi</a>, dan menyimpan ia sebagai sumber makanan<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> utama dalam indung-indung <a href="/wiki/Lilin_lebah" title="Lilin lebah">berlilin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarang_lebah" title="Sarang lebah">sarang</a> mereka lazimnya ketika sumber makanan mengurang atau pada cuaca melampau misalnya pada musim dingin. Secara umum ada tiga jenis lebah dalam satu sarang: </p> <ul><li>Seekor ratu</li> <li>Beberapa lebah jantan - sebagai pasangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengawan (laman tidak wujud)">mengawan</a> dengan lebah yang dipilih sebagai calon "ratu" baru</li> <li>Ribuan lebah betina pekerja.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - beribuan lebah tetasan telur lebah ratu yang dikhususkan mengurus <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larva</a>, mengumpulkan <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a> yang akan dibuat menjadi madu, serta mencari <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a>.</li></ul> <p>Amalan ternakan lebah menggalakkan penghasilan lebihan madu di sarang atau rumah tersendiri agar lebihan madu tersebut boleh dituai dari koloni. </p><p>Lebah secara umum (genus <i>Apis</i>) memiliki kurang lebih 20,000 spesies, namun hanya beberapa spesies lebah antara lain <i><a href="/wiki/Apis_mellifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis mellifera">A. mellifera</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apis_andreniformis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apis andreniformis (laman tidak wujud)">A. andreniformis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Apis_cerana" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis cerana">A. cerana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Apis_dorsata" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis dorsata">A. dorsata</a></i> dan beberapa spesies lainnya yang diketahui dapat menghasilkan madu. <a href="/wiki/Apis_dorsata" class="mw-redirect" title="Apis dorsata"><i>A. dorsata</i></a> yang bertaburan di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (termasuk kawasan <a href="/wiki/Subtropika" title="Subtropika">subtropika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tropika" title="Tropika">tropika</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a><sup id="cite_ref-internet2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) diketahui paling bagus memproduksi madu;<sup id="cite_ref-internet2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lebah ini hanya membuat sarang satu lapis yang menggantung di dahan pohon, lelangit atau siling binaan terbuka, atau di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebing (laman tidak wujud)">tebing</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang (laman tidak wujud)">jurang</a><sup id="cite_ref-internet2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, namun spesies ini belum bisa dibudidayakan atau dijinakkan untuk dibiakkan dalam kandang tertutup.<sup id="cite_ref-internet2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarang (laman tidak wujud)">sarang</a> berukuran 2 x 2 m lebah ini bisa menghasilkan 20 <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> madu untuk setiap sarang.<sup id="cite_ref-internet2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komposisi">Komposisi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Komposisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Komposisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madu mendapat rasa manis daripada <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Monosakarida" title="Monosakarida">monosakarida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>. Ia mempunyai rasa manis hampir sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula kasar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_carbs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_carbs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oregon_State_University_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oregon_State_University-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia mempunyai sifat kimia yang menarik sesuai untuk pembuatan roti, dan satu rasa tersendiri yang membuatkan sesetengah orang menyukainya berbanding gula dan pemanis yang lain.<sup id="cite_ref-Oregon_State_University_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oregon_State_University-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan mikroorganisma tidak hidup dan membesar dalam madu kerana kurangnya aktiviti air iaitu 0.6 dalamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, madu kadang-kala terkandung endospora dorman bakteria <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>, iaitu berbahaya kepada bayi, kerana endospora itu boleh menukarkan bakteria penghasil racun dalam perut bayi tersebut, seterusnya menyebabkan sakit dan mungkin membawa kepada kematian.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penggunaan madu dalam sejarah manusia sudah berlaku sejak dahulu kala lagi. Ia digunakan dalam pelbagai jenis makanan dan minuman sebagai pemanis dan (bahan) perisa. Ia juga tersebut dalam kitab <a href="/wiki/Al-Quran" title="Al-Quran">al-Quran</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kitab suci agama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, dan sebagai simbol kepada sesetengah masyarakat. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kawalan_mutu">Kawalan mutu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kawalan mutu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kawalan mutu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piawaian_antarabangsa">Piawaian antarabangsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Piawaian antarabangsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Piawaian antarabangsa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dari banyaknya produk-produk primer maupun sekunder dari madu, sehingga diperlukannya standar nasional maupun internasional untuk menjamin mutu madu yang digunakan. Sudah terdapat standar Internasional madu yang dikeluarkan oleh <i>Codex Alimentarius Standard</i>. Beberapa parameter mutu dari madu antara lain adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar air (laman tidak wujud)">kadar air</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontaminasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontaminasi (laman tidak wujud)">kontaminan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_gula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar gula (laman tidak wujud)">kadar gula</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_senyawa_tak_larut_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar senyawa tak larut air (laman tidak wujud)">kadar senyawa tak larut air</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_abu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar abu (laman tidak wujud)">kadar abu</a>, <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">tingkat keasaman (pH)</a>, aktivitas diastase, kadar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidroksimetilfurfural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidroksimetilfurfural (laman tidak wujud)">hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF)</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konduktivitas_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konduktivitas listrik (laman tidak wujud)">konduktivitas listrik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kualitas madu yang baik adalah madu yang tidak terdapat kandungan air tinggi. Beberapa kontaminan yang pada madu antara lain logam berat, dan residu pestisida harus kurang dari batas maksimal yang diperbolehkan. Selain itu kadar HMF tidak boleh lebih dari 40 mg/kg yang menandakan bahwa bila madu sudah disimpan lama atau disimpan kurang baik, kadar HMF nya akan meningkat. Secara umum, madu yang baik adalah madu yang kadar airnya kurang dari 21%, memiliki tahap tindak balas diastase diatas 3 dan kandungan HMF dibawah 40 mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kajian_metabolomik">Kajian metabolomik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Kajian metabolomik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kajian metabolomik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penelitian terhadap madu penting untuk dilaksanakan dengan objektif meningkatkan mutu maupun kuantitas dari madu yang dihasilkan. Antara analisis yang telah dilakukan adalah analisis metabolomik. Salah satu kebolehan analisis metabolomik ialah pengesanan sumber geografi sesuatu bahan biologi melalui profil metabolit <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Analisis metabolomik keatas madu telah mendapati madu daripada tempat asal (origin) mempunyai profil metabolit yang berbeza. Profil metabolit yang berbeza menunjukkan khasiat madu mungkin berbeza mengikut tempat asalanya.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Selain itu penelitian berbasis metabolomik pada lebah juga dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan spesies lebah yang juga merupakan faktor penentu jenis madu yang dihasilkan<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Selain kajian metabolomik pada lebah, penyelidikan juga telah dilakukan ke atas tanaman penghasil nektar yang biasanya digunakan oleh lebah untuk menghasilkan madu<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Penyelidikan mikroflora pada usus lebah juga dapat memberikan maklumat lanjut mengenai mutu madu yang dapat dihasilkan<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khasiat">Khasiat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Khasiat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Khasiat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrisi">Nutrisi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Nutrisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nutrisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madu adalah campuran dari gula dan sebatian lainnya. Sehubungan dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">karbohidrat</a>, madu terutama fruktosa (sekitar 38,5%) dan glukosa (sekitar 31,0%),<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_carbs2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_carbs2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sehingga mirip dengan sirup gula sintetis diproduksi semula yang disukat sekitar 48% fruktosa, glukosa 47%, dan sukrosa 5%. Karbohidrat madu yang tersisa termasuk maltosa, sukrosa, dan karbohidrat kompleks lainnya. Seperti semua pemanis bergizi yang lain, madu sebagian besar mengandung gula dan hanya mengandung sedikit jumlah vitamin atau mineral.<sup id="cite_ref-sugaralliance_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugaralliance-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nutrient_Data_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nutrient_Data-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analisis kandungan senyawa yang tefrdapat pada madu secara umum:<sup id="cite_ref-Comp_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comp-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">Fruktosa</a>: 38,2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">Glukosa</a>: 31,3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">Maltosa</a>: 7,1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukrosa" title="Sukrosa">Sukrosa</a>: 1,3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">Air</a>: 17,2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">Gula</a> paling tinggi: 1,5%</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_(analisis_kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu (analisis kimia) (laman tidak wujud)">Abu (analisis kimia)</a>: 0,2%</li> <li>Lain-lain: 3.2%</li></ul> <p>Kekentalan atau kelikatan madu adalah sekitar 1,36 kilogram per liter. (Atau sama dengan 36% lebih kental daripada air).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madu juga mengandung sejumlah kecil dari beberapa sebatian bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysin (laman tidak wujud)">chrysin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinobanksin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinobanksin (laman tidak wujud)">pinobanksin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase">katalase</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinocembrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinocembrin (laman tidak wujud)">pinocembrin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Komposisi spesifik dari sejumlah madu tergantung pada bunga yang tersedia untuk lebah yang menghasilkan madu.<sup id="cite_ref-sugaralliance_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugaralliance-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ciri_lain">Ciri lain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Ciri lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ciri lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kajian mendapati madu mampu menjadi agen yang mampu membunuh bakteria.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini kerana ketika lebah menyimpan madu dalam perut, akan terhasil satu protein digelar defensin-1 yang bertindak membunuh bakteria.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia mampu merencat pertumbuhan bakteria dan ini membolehkan madu dijadikan sebagai agen perawat luka menggantikan bahan kimia seperti <a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">iodin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kajian pembalutan madu (honey dressing) ke atas luka pesakit diabetes juga mendapati tiada perbezaan signifikan dengan cara pembalutan biasa menggunakan iodin.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini menunjukkan pembalutan madu sesuai untuk dijadikan alternatif selain menggunakan cara dresing konvesional. Madu juga dapat memulihkan luka dengan cepat.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di dalam Al Quran telah tertulis madu boleh menyembuh pelbagai penyakit<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutu_madu">Mutu madu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Mutu madu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mutu madu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:YosriMadu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/YosriMadu.jpg/200px-YosriMadu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/YosriMadu.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>Hanya 23% madu yang dijual di tepi jalan Malaysia didapati tulen.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Amat sukar untuk mengenal pasti ketulenan sesuatu madu di pasaran kerana madu berbeza kandungan air di dalamnya bagi setiap kawasan di dunia ini terutamanya madu Eropah dan madu Asia. Madu Eropah dikatakan lebih pekat berbanding madu Asia terutamanya dari Malaysia kerana faktor cuaca di mana Malaysia menerima taburan hujan lebih banyak berbanding di Eropah.<sup title="Teks ini perlu petikan" class="noprint">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_petikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sumber petikan"><i>perlu rujukan</i></a>]</sup> Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa cara mudah untuk mengenalpasti sama ada sesuatu madu itu tulen atau tidak (seperti dalam gambar rajah).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengguna dinasihatkan membeli madu daripada pembekal madu yang boleh dipercayai sahaja agar tidak tertipu. </p><p>Terdapat pelbagai kes yang melaporkan penjualan madu palsu di Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modus operandi yang digunakan oleh pembekal palsu ialah dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli_di_Malaysia" title="Orang Asli di Malaysia">orang Asli</a> sebagai penjual madu di tepian jalan-jalan kampung dan <a href="/wiki/Lebuh_raya" title="Lebuh raya">lebuh raya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Madu_dari_pohon_getah">Madu dari pohon getah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Madu dari pohon getah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Madu dari pohon getah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Malaysia, terdapat potensi mendapatkan madu dari <a href="/wiki/Pokok_getah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokok getah">pohon getah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">Nektar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebah_madu" title="Lebah madu">Lebah madu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebah_tualang" title="Lebah tualang">Lebah tualang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>R. Krell. (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0076e/w0076e06.htm">Value-added Products from Beekeeping</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Bulletin no. 124</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=madhu&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3">"madhu"</a>. <i>Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sanskrit+Dictionary+for+Spoken+Sanskrit&rft.atitle=madhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspokensanskrit.org%2Findex.php%3Ftran_input%3Dmadhu%26direct%3Dse%26script%3Dhk%26link%3Dyes%26mode%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crane1990-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crane1990_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCrane_E1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Crane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Crane (laman tidak wujud)">Crane E</a> (1990). "Honey from honeybees and other insects". <i>Ethology Ecology & Evolution</i>. <b>3</b> (sup1): 100–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03949370.1991.10721919">10.1080/03949370.1991.10721919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethology+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Honey+from+honeybees+and+other+insects&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=sup1&rft.pages=100-105&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03949370.1991.10721919&rft.au=Crane+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grüter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grüter_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrüter2020" class="citation book cs1">Grüter, Christoph (2020). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Akses percuma tertakluk pada percubaan terhad, langganan biasanya diperlukan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-60090-7#toc"><i>Stingless Bees: Their Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution</i></a></span>. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer New York. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-60090-7">10.1007/978-3-030-60090-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-030-60089-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-030-60089-1"><bdi>978-3-030-60089-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227250633">227250633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stingless+Bees%3A+Their+Behaviour%2C+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.series=Fascinating+Life+Sciences&rft.pub=Springer+New+York&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A227250633%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-60090-7&rft.isbn=978-3-030-60089-1&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%BCter&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%252F978-3-030-60090-7%23toc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaughn M. Bryant, Jr. (2001). "Pollen Contents of Honey". CAP Newsletter 24 (1): 10–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mercuri AM, Porrini C. (1991). "Melissopalynological analysis applied to air pollution studies in urban areas of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy)". Aerobiologia 7 (1): 38–48. DOI:10.1007/BF02450016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tonelli D, Gattavecchia E, Ghini S, Porrini C, Celli G, Mercuri AM. (1990). "Honey bees and their products as indicators of environmental radioactive pollution". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 141 (2): 427–436. DOI:10.1007/BF02035809.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Honey Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.honey.com/nhb/about-honey/honey-and-bees/">"Honey and Bees."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723234611/http://www.honey.com/nhb/about-honey/honey-and-bees/">Diarkibkan</a> 2010-07-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Last accessed 10 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Val Whitmyre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://groups.ucanr.org/mgnapa/Articles/Honeybees.htm">"The Plight of the Honeybees."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304202354/http://groups.ucanr.org/mgnapa/Articles/Honeybees.htm">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-03-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> University of California. Retrieved 14 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-internet2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-internet2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internet2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internet2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internet2_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internet2_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maduhutan.com/informasi/lebah-hutan">www. madu hutan.com/informasi/lebah hutan</a>(dilihat tanggal 3 Mei 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHB_carbs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHB_carbs_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Honey Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.honey.com/images/downloads/carb.pdf">"Carbohydrates and the Sweetness of Honey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110701123525/http://www.honey.com/images/downloads/carb.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 2011-07-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Capaian 15 Julai 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oregon_State_University-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oregon_State_University_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oregon_State_University_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oregon State University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://food.oregonstate.edu/learn/faq/faq_sugar53.html">"What is the relative sweetness of different sugars and sugar substitutes?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101092211/http://food.oregonstate.edu/learn/faq/faq_sugar53.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2012-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Capaian 15 Julai 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lansing Prescott, John P. Harley, Donald A. Klein (1999). Microbiology. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0697354393" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-697-35439-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shapiro, Roger L.; Hatheway,, Charles; Swerdflow,, David L. (1998). "Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review". Annals of Internal Medicine 129 (3): 221–8. DOI:10.1059/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00011. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9696731?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9696731</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Quran (16:69)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tonelli D, Gattavecchia E, Ghini S, Porrini C, Celli G, Mercuri AM. (1990). "Honey bees and their products as indicators of environmental radioactive pollution". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 141 (2): 427–436. DOI:10.1007/BF02035809.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saranraj, P., Sivasakthi, S., & Feliciano, G. (2016). Pharmacology of Honey: A Review. Advances In Biological Research, 10(4), 271-289. doi: 10.5829/idosi.abr.2016.10.4.104104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdanov, S., Lüllmann, C., Martin, P., von der Ohe, W., Russmann, H., & Vorwohl, G. et al. (1999). Honey quality and international regulatory standards: review by the International Honey Commission. Bee World, 80(2), 61-69. doi: 10.1080/0005772x.1999.11099428</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.01.011">[1]</a>Putri, S. P., Ikram, M. M. M., Sato, A., Dahlan, H. A., Rahmawati, D., Ohto, Y., & Fukusaki, E. (2022). Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in food science and technology. <i>Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Li, Y., Jin, Y., Yang, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., & Zhao, W. et al. (2017). Strategy for comparative untargeted metabolomics reveals honey markers of different floral and geographic origins using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Journal Of Chromatography A, 1499, 78-89. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.071</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Razali, M., Zainal, Z., Maulidiani, M., Shaari, K., Zamri, Z., & Mohd Idrus, M. et al. (2018). Classification of Raw Stingless Bee Honeys by Bee Species Origins Using the NMR- and LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach. Molecules, 23(9), 2160. doi: 10.3390/molecules23092160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arathi, H., Bjostad, L., & Bernklau, E. (2018). Metabolomic analysis of pollen from honey bee hives and from canola flowers. Metabolomics, 14(6). doi: 10.1007/s11306-018-1381-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kešnerová, L., Mars, R., Ellegaard, K., Troilo, M., Sauer, U., & Engel, P. (2017). Disentangling metabolic functions of bacteria in the honey bee gut. PLOS Biology, 15(12), e2003467. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003467</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHB_carbs2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHB_carbs2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>NHB carbs2</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-sugaralliance-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sugaralliance_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sugaralliance_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shelf1.library.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/tiff2pdf/heinz/box00335/fld00030/bdl0029/doc0001/heinz.pdf"><i>Questions Most Frequently Asked About Sugar</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Sugar Alliance.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questions+Most+Frequently+Asked+About+Sugar&rft.pub=American+Sugar+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshelf1.library.cmu.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftiff2pdf%2Fheinz%2Fbox00335%2Ffld00030%2Fbdl0029%2Fdoc0001%2Fheinz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nutrient_Data-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nutrient_Data_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/">"Honey."</a> Last accessed 24 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comp-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Comp_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>Comp</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>:2</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMartos_I,_Ferreres_F,_Tomás-Barberán_F2000" class="citation journal cs1">Martos I, Ferreres F, Tomás-Barberán F (2000). "Identification of flavonoid markers for the botanical origin of Eucalyptus honey". <i>J Agric Food Chem</i>. <b>48</b> (5): 1498–502. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf991166q">10.1021/jf991166q</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10820049">10820049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Agric+Food+Chem&rft.atitle=Identification+of+flavonoid+markers+for+the+botanical+origin+of+Eucalyptus+honey&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1498-502&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf991166q&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10820049&rft.au=Martos+I%2C+Ferreres+F%2C+Tom%C3%A1s-Barber%C3%A1n+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGheldof_N,_Wang_X,_Engeseth_N2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gheldof N, Wang X, Engeseth N (2002). "Identification and quantification of antioxidant components of honeys from various floral sources". <i>J Agric Food Chem</i>. <b>50</b> (21): 5870–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf0256135">10.1021/jf0256135</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12358452">12358452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Agric+Food+Chem&rft.atitle=Identification+and+quantification+of+antioxidant+components+of+honeys+from+various+floral+sources&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=5870-7&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf0256135&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12358452&rft.au=Gheldof+N%2C+Wang+X%2C+Engeseth+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMadu" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ainul Hafiza A.H., Yusof N., and Maimon A., (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/2921/">Potential of Malaysian Local Honey as an Antibacterial Agent (Potensi Madu Tempatan Malaysia sebagai Agen AntiBakteria)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014255/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/2921/">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-10-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sains Malaysiana , 34 (1). pp. 17-20. ISSN 01266039</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kwakman PH, te Velde AA, de Boer L, Speijer D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Zaat SA. (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228250">How honey kills bacteria</a>. FASEB J. 24(7):2576-82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nuriza bt. Tumin, and Arsyiah N. bt. Halim A., and Shahjahan, M., and Noor Izani N.J., and Sattar,Munavvar A., and Abdul Hye Khan, and Mohsin S.S.J., (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/6917/">Antibacterial Activity Of Local Malaysian Honey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911084716/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/6917/">Diarkibkan</a> 2011-09-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3 (2). pp. 1-10. ISSN 16575-7319</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shukrimi A., and Sulaiman A.R., and Halim A.Y., and Azril A., (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/4254/">A Comparative Study between Honey and Povidone Iodine as Dressing Solution for Wagner Type II Diabetic Foot Ulcers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015645/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/4254/">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-10-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 63 (1). pp. 44-46. ISSN 0300-5283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fathihah B., and Mahmood A.A., and Sidik K., and Salmah I/, (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/4254/">The Antiulcer and Cytoprotective Effects of Ageratum Conyzoides - Honey Combination in Rats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015645/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/4254/">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-10-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre (JUMMEC), 8 (1). pp. 28-32. ISSN 1823-7339</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nur Jannah M.H., and Mahmood A.A., and Sidik K., and Salmah I., (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/6371/">Cytoprotective effects of honey in combination with aqueous and ethanol extracts from chromolaena odorata L.(Eupatorium Odoratum L.) in rats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233749/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/6371/">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-10-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre (JUMMEC), 9 (1). pp. 7-13. ISSN 1823-7339</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tan , M.K.; Hasan Adli , D.S.; Tumiran , M.A.; Abdulla , M.A.; Yusoff , K.M. (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536292">The efficacy of Gelam Honey dressing towards excisional wound healing</a>. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Division of Biohealth Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">__. (2010) InfoTani: Teknologi Pemeliharaan lebah madu. Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> R. Krell. (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w0076e/w0076e06.htm#2.8">Value-added Products from Beekeeping. Quality control</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Bulletin no. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">__. (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web10.bernama.com/kpdnhep/newsBm.php?id=381008&vo=33">Orang Asli Digunakan Untuk Jual Madu Tiruan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116090858/http://web10.bernama.com/kpdnhep/newsBm.php?id=381008&vo=33">Diarkibkan</a> 2012-11-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bernama. Capaian 15 Julai 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Robert Wazeka (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/s1930e/s1930e07.htm#honey">Urban forestry: Cities, trees and people; Honey from rubber.</a> International journal of the forestry and food industries. Unasylva - No. 155 vol 39</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norazizah.my/2013/10/khasiat-madu.html">Khasiat Madu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004231931/http://www.norazizah.my/2013/10/khasiat-madu.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2013-10-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rawatan_Islam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black; background: #99d699;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Thibbun_Nabawi" title="Templat:Thibbun Nabawi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style="color:black; background: #99d699;;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Thibbun_Nabawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Thibbun Nabawi (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style="color:black; background: #99d699;;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Thibbun_Nabawi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style="color:black; background: #99d699;;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rawatan_Islam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rawatan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rawatan Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Rawatan Islam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black; background: #99d699;;width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em 1.0em;">Thibbun Nabawi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruqyah" title="Ruqyah">Ruqyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbinah" title="Talbinah">Talbinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekam" title="Bekam">Bekam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintan_hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jintan hitam">Habbatus Sauda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyak_zaitun" title="Minyak zaitun">Minyak zaitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamzam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamzam">Zamzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidara" title="Bidara">Daun bidara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwak" class="mw-redirect" title="Siwak">Miswak (Siwak)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black; background: #99d699;;width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em 1.0em;">Kesusasteraan berkaitan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ath-Thibbun_Nabawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ath-Thibbun Nabawi (laman tidak wujud)">Ath-Thibbun Nabawi</a> <small>oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibnul_Qayyim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibnul Qayyim (laman tidak wujud)">Ibnul Qayyim</a></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ath-Thibbun-Nabawi_(Abu_Nuaim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ath-Thibbun-Nabawi (Abu Nuaim) (laman tidak wujud)">Ath-Thibbun-Nabawi lil Abu Nuaim al-Ashabahani</a> <small>oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nuaim_al-Ashbahani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Nuaim al-Ashbahani (laman tidak wujud)">Abu Nuaim al-Ashbahani</a></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-%27Ilaaj_Bir_Ruqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-'Ilaaj Bir Ruqa (laman tidak wujud)">Al-'Ilaaj Bir Ruqa</a> <small>oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%27id_bin_%27Ali_bin_Wahf_Al-Qahthani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa'id bin 'Ali bin Wahf Al-Qahthani (laman tidak wujud)">Sa'id Wahf Al-Qahthani</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madu&oldid=6076985">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madu&oldid=6076985</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Laman_menggunakan_pautan_ajaib_PMID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib PMID (laman tidak wujud)">Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib PMID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Madu" title="Kategori:Madu">Madu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemanis" title="Kategori:Pemanis">Pemanis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_dengan_ralat_rujukan" title="Kategori:Laman dengan ralat rujukan">Laman dengan ralat rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_menggunakan_pautan_ajaib_ISBN" title="Kategori:Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN">Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_secara_jelas_menyebut_bahasa_Melayu_(bahasa_makro)" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sanskrit">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sanskrit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_tanpa_sumber_rujukan" title="Kategori:Rencana tanpa sumber rujukan">Rencana tanpa sumber rujukan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 22:31, 8 Januari 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-bb779d474-8v8wz","wgBackendResponseTime":191,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.409","walltime":"0.571","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":26629,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":179,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":66072,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 424.378 1 -total"," 50.88% 215.919 1 Templat:Jawi"," 50.49% 214.256 1 Templat:Lang"," 28.91% 122.699 1 Templat:Reflist"," 22.08% 93.706 1 Templat:Script"," 21.39% 90.793 1 Templat:Script/Arabic"," 20.97% 89.011 1 Templat:Ifsubst"," 14.43% 61.233 1 Templat:Cite_web"," 7.80% 33.097 1 Templat:Kegunaanlain"," 6.28% 26.643 1 Templat:Tentang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.180","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19672135,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-q764n","timestamp":"20241128145500","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Madu","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madu","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10987","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10987","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-05T04:17:43Z","dateModified":"2024-01-08T22:31:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cc\/Runny_hunny.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>