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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03853">arXiv:2502.03853</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03853">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2502.03853">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in response to an IceCube neutrino alert </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Acharyya%2C+A">Atreya Acharyya</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+C+B">Colin B. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bangale%2C+P">Priyadarshini Bangale</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bartkoske%2C+J+T">J. T. Bartkoske</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Benbow%2C+W">Wystan Benbow</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Buckley%2C+J+H">James H. Buckley</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+Y">Yu Chen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Christiansen%2C+J">Jodi Christiansen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chromey%2C+A">Alisha Chromey</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Duerr%2C+A">Anne Duerr</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Errando%2C+M">Manel Errando</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Godoy%2C+M+E">Miguel E. Godoy</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Falcone%2C+A">Abe Falcone</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Feng%2C+Q">Qi Feng</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Foote%2C+J">Juniper Foote</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fortson%2C+L">Lucy Fortson</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Furniss%2C+A">Amy Furniss</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hanlon%2C+W">William Hanlon</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hanna%2C+D">David Hanna</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hervet%2C+O">Olivier Hervet</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hinrichs%2C+C+E">Claire E. Hinrichs</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Holder%2C+J">Jamie Holder</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Humensky%2C+T+B">Thomas B. Humensky</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Jin%2C+W">Weidong Jin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Johnson%2C+M+N">Madalyn N. Johnson</a> , et al. (473 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.03853v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods used towards understanding this is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations o… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.03853v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2502.03853v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.03853v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods used towards understanding this is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between May 20, 2022 and November 10, 2022. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, and given the significance of the neutrino excess is at 3$蟽$ level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.03853v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2502.03853v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 February, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2025. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">26 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01963">arXiv:2502.01963</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.01963">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2502.01963">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A search for extremely-high-energy neutrinos and first constraints on the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray proton fraction with IceCube </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=IceCube+Collaboration"> IceCube Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babu%2C+R">R. Babu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a> , et al. (402 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.01963v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present a search for the diffuse extremely-high-energy neutrino flux using $12.6$ years of IceCube data. The non-observation of neutrinos with energies well above $10 \, \mathrm{PeV}$ constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at $10^{18} \, \mathrm{eV}$ to a level of $E^2 桅_{谓_e + 谓_渭+ 谓_蟿} \simeq 10^{-8} \, \mathrm{GeV} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{sr}^{-1}$, the most string… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.01963v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2502.01963v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2502.01963v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present a search for the diffuse extremely-high-energy neutrino flux using $12.6$ years of IceCube data. The non-observation of neutrinos with energies well above $10 \, \mathrm{PeV}$ constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at $10^{18} \, \mathrm{eV}$ to a level of $E^2 桅_{谓_e + 谓_渭+ 谓_蟿} \simeq 10^{-8} \, \mathrm{GeV} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{sr}^{-1}$, the most stringent limit to date. Using this data, we constrain the proton fraction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above $\simeq 30 \, \mathrm{EeV}$ to be $\lesssim 70\,$% (at $90\,$% CL) if the cosmological evolution of the sources is comparable to or stronger than the star formation rate. This result complements direct air-shower measurements by being insensitive to uncertainties associated with hadronic interaction models. It is the first such result to disfavor the ``proton-only" hypothesis for UHECRs using neutrino data. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2502.01963v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2502.01963v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 3 February, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2025. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16440">arXiv:2501.16440</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.16440">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2501.16440">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Time-Integrated Southern-Sky Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Starting-Track Events at Energies Down to 1 TeV </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babu%2C+R">R. Babu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (402 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2501.16440v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a signal of astrophysical neutrinos is obscured by backgrounds from atmospheric neutrinos and muons produced in cosmic-ray interactions. IceCube event selections used to isolate the astrophysical neutrino signal often focus on t/he morphology of the light patterns recorded by the detector. The analyses presented here use the new IceCube Enhanced Starting Track… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2501.16440v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2501.16440v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2501.16440v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a signal of astrophysical neutrinos is obscured by backgrounds from atmospheric neutrinos and muons produced in cosmic-ray interactions. IceCube event selections used to isolate the astrophysical neutrino signal often focus on t/he morphology of the light patterns recorded by the detector. The analyses presented here use the new IceCube Enhanced Starting Track Event Selection (ESTES), which identifies events likely generated by muon neutrino interactions within the detector geometry, focusing on neutrino energies of 1-500 TeV with a median angular resolution of 1.4掳. Selecting for starting track events filters out not only the atmospheric-muon background, but also the atmospheric-neutrino background in the southern sky. This improves IceCube's muon neutrino sensitivity to southern-sky neutrino sources, especially for Galactic sources that are not expected to produce a substantial flux of neutrinos above 100 TeV. In this work, the ESTES sample was applied for the first time to searches for astrophysical sources of neutrinos, including a search for diffuse neutrino emission from the Galactic plane. No significant excesses were identified from any of the analyses; however, constraining limits are set on the hadronic emission from TeV gamma-ray Galactic plane objects and models of the diffuse Galactic plane neutrino flux. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2501.16440v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2501.16440v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2025. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">23 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to ApJ</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09276">arXiv:2501.09276</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.09276">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2501.09276">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Search for neutrino doublets and triplets using 11.4 years of IceCube data </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babu%2C+R">R. Babu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (402 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2501.09276v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report a search for high-energy astrophysical neutrino multiplets, detections of multiple neutrino clusters in the same direction within 30 days, based on an analysis of 11.4 years of IceCube data. A new search method optimized for transient neutrino emission with a monthly time scale is employed, providing a higher sensitivity to neutrino fluxes. This result is sensitive to neutrino transient… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2501.09276v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2501.09276v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2501.09276v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report a search for high-energy astrophysical neutrino multiplets, detections of multiple neutrino clusters in the same direction within 30 days, based on an analysis of 11.4 years of IceCube data. A new search method optimized for transient neutrino emission with a monthly time scale is employed, providing a higher sensitivity to neutrino fluxes. This result is sensitive to neutrino transient emission, reaching per-flavor flux of approximately $10^{-10}\ {\rm erg}\ {\rm cm}^{-2}\ {\rm sec}^{-1}$ from the Northern sky in the energy range $E\gtrsim 50$~TeV. The number of doublets and triplets identified in this search is compatible with the atmospheric background hypothesis, which leads us to set limits on the nature of neutrino transient sources with emission timescales of one month. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2501.09276v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2501.09276v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 15 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2025. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05046">arXiv:2412.05046</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.05046">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2412.05046">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Observation of Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Southern Hemisphere with Twelve Years of Data Collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguado%2C+T">T. Aguado</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babu%2C+R">R. Babu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a> , et al. (413 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.05046v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We analyzed the 7.92$\times 10^{11}$ cosmic-ray-induced muon events collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory from May 13, 2011, when the fully constructed experiment started to take data, to May 12, 2023. This dataset provides an up-to-date cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution in the Southern Hemisphere with unprecedented statistical accuracy covering more than a full period length of a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.05046v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2412.05046v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2412.05046v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We analyzed the 7.92$\times 10^{11}$ cosmic-ray-induced muon events collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory from May 13, 2011, when the fully constructed experiment started to take data, to May 12, 2023. This dataset provides an up-to-date cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution in the Southern Hemisphere with unprecedented statistical accuracy covering more than a full period length of a solar cycle. Improvements in Monte Carlo event simulation and better handling of year-to-year differences in data processing significantly reduce systematic uncertainties below the level of statistical fluctuations compared to the previously published results. We confirm the observation of a change in the angular structure of the cosmic-ray anisotropy between 10 TeV and 1 PeV, more specifically in the 100-300 TeV energy range. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2412.05046v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2412.05046v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 December, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01351">arXiv:2407.01351</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.01351">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2407.01351">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad643d">10.3847/1538-4357/ad643d <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Probing the connection between IceCube neutrinos and MOJAVE AGN </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (399 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.01351v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are prime candidate sources of the high-energy, astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. This is demonstrated by the real-time multi-messenger detection of the blazar TXS 0506+056 and the recent evidence of neutrino emission from NGC 1068 from a separate time-averaged study. However, the production mechanism of the astrophysical neutrinos in AGN is not well establi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.01351v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2407.01351v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2407.01351v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are prime candidate sources of the high-energy, astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube. This is demonstrated by the real-time multi-messenger detection of the blazar TXS 0506+056 and the recent evidence of neutrino emission from NGC 1068 from a separate time-averaged study. However, the production mechanism of the astrophysical neutrinos in AGN is not well established which can be resolved via correlation studies with photon observations. For neutrinos produced due to photohadronic interactions in AGN, in addition to a correlation of neutrinos with high-energy photons, there would also be a correlation of neutrinos with photons emitted at radio wavelengths. In this work, we perform an in-depth stacking study of the correlation between 15 GHz radio observations of AGN reported in the MOJAVE XV catalog, and ten years of neutrino data from IceCube. We also use a time-dependent approach which improves the statistical power of the stacking analysis. No significant correlation was found for both analyses and upper limits are reported. When compared to the IceCube diffuse flux, at 100 TeV and for a spectral index of 2.5, the upper limits derived are $\sim3\%$ and $\sim9\%$ for the time-averaged and time-dependent case, respectively. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2407.01351v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2407.01351v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 July, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 Pages 7 Figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> 973:97 (14pp), </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> The Astrophysical Journal, 973:97 (14pp), 2024 October 1 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07601">arXiv:2406.07601</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.07601">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2406.07601">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> IceCube Search for Neutrino Emission from X-ray Bright Seyfert Galaxies </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (400 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.07601v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The recent IceCube detection of TeV neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGN) could make a sizable contribution to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos. The absence of TeV $纬$-rays from NGC 1068 indicates neutrino production in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole, where the high radiation density leads to $纬$-ray attenuation.… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.07601v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2406.07601v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.07601v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The recent IceCube detection of TeV neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGN) could make a sizable contribution to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos. The absence of TeV $纬$-rays from NGC 1068 indicates neutrino production in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole, where the high radiation density leads to $纬$-ray attenuation. Therefore, any potential neutrino emission from similar sources is not expected to correlate with high-energy $纬$-rays. Disk-corona models predict neutrino emission from Seyfert galaxies to correlate with keV X-rays, as they are tracers of coronal activity. Using through-going track events from the Northern Sky recorded by IceCube between 2011 and 2021, we report results from a search for individual and aggregated neutrino signals from 27 additional Seyfert galaxies that are contained in the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS). Besides the generic single power-law, we evaluate the spectra predicted by the disk-corona model. Assuming all sources to be intrinsically similar to NGC 1068, our findings constrain the collective neutrino emission from X-ray bright Seyfert galaxies in the Northern Hemisphere, but, at the same time, show excesses of neutrinos that could be associated with the objects NGC 4151 and CGCG 420-015. These excesses result in a 2.7$蟽$ significance with respect to background expectations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.07601v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2406.07601v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">17 pages, 9 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06684">arXiv:2406.06684</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.06684">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2406.06684">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Search for neutrino emission from hard X-ray AGN with IceCube </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (401 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.06684v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are promising candidate sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos since they provide environments rich in matter and photon targets where cosmic ray interactions may lead to the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. We searched for high-energy neutrino emission from AGN using the $\textit{Swift}$-BAT Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) catalog of hard X-ray sources and… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.06684v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2406.06684v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2406.06684v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are promising candidate sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos since they provide environments rich in matter and photon targets where cosmic ray interactions may lead to the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. We searched for high-energy neutrino emission from AGN using the $\textit{Swift}$-BAT Spectroscopic Survey (BASS) catalog of hard X-ray sources and 12 years of IceCube muon track data. First, upon performing a stacked search, no significant emission was found. Second, we searched for neutrinos from a list of 43 candidate sources and found an excess from the direction of two sources, Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151. We observed NGC 1068 at flux $蠁_{谓_渭+\bar谓_渭}$ = $4.02_{-1.52}^{+1.58} \times 10^{-11}$ TeV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ normalized at 1 TeV, with power-law spectral index, $纬$ = 3.10$^{+0.26}_{-0.22}$, consistent with previous IceCube results. The observation of a neutrino excess from the direction of NGC 4151 is at a post-trial significance of 2.9$蟽$. If interpreted as an astrophysical signal, the excess observed from NGC 4151 corresponds to a flux $蠁_{谓_渭+\bar谓_渭}$ = $1.51_{-0.81}^{+0.99} \times 10^{-11}$ TeV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ normalized at 1 TeV and $纬$ = 2.83$^{+0.35}_{-0.28}$. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2406.06684v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2406.06684v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 10 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.03817">arXiv:2405.03817</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.03817">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2405.03817">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Search for joint multimessenger signals from potential Galactic PeVatrons with HAWC and IceCube </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alfaro%2C+R">R. Alfaro</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alvarez%2C+C">C. Alvarez</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arteaga-Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C+J+C">J. C. Arteaga-Vel谩zquez</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rojas%2C+D+A">D. Avila Rojas</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Solares%2C+H+A+A">H. A. Ayala Solares</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babu%2C+R">R. Babu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Belmont-Moreno%2C+E">E. Belmont-Moreno</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Caballero-Mora%2C+K+S">K. S. Caballero-Mora</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Capistr%C3%A1n%2C+T">T. Capistr谩n</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Carrami%C3%B1ana%2C+A">A. Carrami帽ana</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Casanova%2C+S">S. Casanova</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Cotti%2C+U">U. Cotti</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Cotzomi%2C+J">J. Cotzomi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=de+Le%C3%B3n%2C+S+C">S. Couti帽o de Le贸n</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=De+la+Fuente%2C+E">E. De la Fuente</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Depaoli%2C+D">D. Depaoli</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Di+Lalla%2C+N">N. Di Lalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hernandez%2C+R+D">R. Diaz Hernandez</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%ADaz-V%C3%A9lez%2C+J+C">J. C. D铆az-V茅lez</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Engel%2C+K">K. Engel</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ergin%2C+T">T. Ergin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fan%2C+K+L">K. L. Fan</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fang%2C+K">K. Fang</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fraija%2C+N">N. Fraija</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fraija%2C+S">S. Fraija</a> , et al. (469 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2405.03817v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Galactic PeVatrons are sources that can accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding ambient material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multi-messenger analysis… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2405.03817v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2405.03817v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2405.03817v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Galactic PeVatrons are sources that can accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energies. The high-energy cosmic rays are expected to interact with the surrounding ambient material or radiation, resulting in the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. To optimize for the detection of such associated production of gamma rays and neutrinos for a given source morphology and spectrum, a multi-messenger analysis that combines gamma rays and neutrinos is required. In this study, we use the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) with IceCube Maximum Likelihood Analysis software (i3mla) and HAWC Accelerated Likelihood (HAL) to search for a correlation between 22 known gamma-ray sources from the third HAWC gamma-ray catalog and 14 years of IceCube track-like data. No significant neutrino emission from the direction of the HAWC sources was found. We report the best-fit gamma-ray model and 90% CL neutrino flux limit from the 22 sources. From the neutrino flux limit, we conclude that the gamma-ray emission from five of the sources can not be produced purely from hadronic interactions. We report the limit for the fraction of gamma rays produced by hadronic interactions for these five sources. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2405.03817v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2405.03817v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 May, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.19589">arXiv:2404.19589</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.19589">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2404.19589">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bellenghi%2C+C">C. Bellenghi</a> , et al. (399 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.19589v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> More than 10,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.19589v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2404.19589v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2404.19589v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> More than 10,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2404.19589v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2404.19589v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 30 April, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">24 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables, submitted to JINST</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.02470">arXiv:2403.02470</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.02470">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2403.02470">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06026">10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/P06026 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Improved modeling of in-ice particle showers for IceCube event reconstruction </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Anton%2C+G">G. Anton</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a> , et al. (394 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2403.02470v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The IceCube Neutrino Observatory relies on an array of photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light produced by charged particles in the South Pole ice. IceCube data analyses depend on an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, and on novel approaches in event reconstruction that utilize fast approximations of photoelectron yields. Here, a more accurate model is derived for event reconstr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2403.02470v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2403.02470v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2403.02470v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The IceCube Neutrino Observatory relies on an array of photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light produced by charged particles in the South Pole ice. IceCube data analyses depend on an in-depth characterization of the glacial ice, and on novel approaches in event reconstruction that utilize fast approximations of photoelectron yields. Here, a more accurate model is derived for event reconstruction that better captures our current knowledge of ice optical properties. When evaluated on a Monte Carlo simulation set, the median angular resolution for in-ice particle showers improves by over a factor of three compared to a reconstruction based on a simplified model of the ice. The most substantial improvement is obtained when including effects of birefringence due to the polycrystalline structure of the ice. When evaluated on data classified as particle showers in the high-energy starting events sample, a significantly improved description of the events is observed. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2403.02470v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2403.02470v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 April, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 4 March, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">28 pages, 18 figures, 1 table, submitted to JINST, updated to account for comments received</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> 2024 JINST 19 P06026 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.18026">arXiv:2402.18026</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.18026">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.18026">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena">astro-ph.HE</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.022001">10.1103/PhysRevD.110.022001 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Characterization of the Astrophysical Diffuse Neutrino Flux using Starting Track Events in IceCube </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Abbasi%2C+R">R. Abbasi</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ackermann%2C+M">M. Ackermann</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Adams%2C+J">J. Adams</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agarwalla%2C+S+K">S. K. Agarwalla</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar%2C+J+A">J. A. Aguilar</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ahlers%2C+M">M. Ahlers</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Alameddine%2C+J+M">J. M. Alameddine</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Amin%2C+N+M">N. M. Amin</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andeen%2C+K">K. Andeen</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Anton%2C+G">G. Anton</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Arg%C3%BCelles%2C+C">C. Arg眉elles</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ashida%2C+Y">Y. Ashida</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Athanasiadou%2C+S">S. Athanasiadou</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ausborm%2C+L">L. Ausborm</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axani%2C+S+N">S. N. Axani</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bai%2C+X">X. Bai</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=V.%2C+A+B">A. Balagopal V.</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baricevic%2C+M">M. Baricevic</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Barwick%2C+S+W">S. W. Barwick</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bash%2C+S">S. Bash</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Basu%2C+V">V. Basu</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Bay%2C+R">R. Bay</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beatty%2C+J+J">J. J. Beatty</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tjus%2C+J+B">J. Becker Tjus</a>, <a href="/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Beise%2C+J">J. Beise</a> , et al. (394 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.18026v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino spectrum is presented using IceCube data collected from 2011-2022 (10.3 years). We developed novel detection techniques to search for events with a contained vertex and exiting track induced by muon neutrinos undergoing a charged-current interaction. Searching for these starting track events allows us to not only more effectively reject atmospher… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.18026v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.18026v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.18026v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A measurement of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino spectrum is presented using IceCube data collected from 2011-2022 (10.3 years). We developed novel detection techniques to search for events with a contained vertex and exiting track induced by muon neutrinos undergoing a charged-current interaction. Searching for these starting track events allows us to not only more effectively reject atmospheric muons but also atmospheric neutrino backgrounds in the southern sky, opening a new window to the sub-100 TeV astrophysical neutrino sky. The event selection is constructed using a dynamic starting track veto and machine learning algorithms. We use this data to measure the astrophysical diffuse flux as a single power law flux (SPL) with a best-fit spectral index of $纬= 2.58 ^{+0.10}_{-0.09}$ and per-flavor normalization of $蠁^{\mathrm{Astro}}_{\mathrm{per-flavor}} = 1.68 ^{+0.19}_{-0.22} \times 10^{-18} \times \mathrm{GeV}^{-1} \mathrm{cm}^{-2} \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{sr}^{-1}$ (at 100 TeV). The sensitive energy range for this dataset is 3 - 550 TeV under the SPL assumption. This data was also used to measure the flux under a broken power law, however we did not find any evidence of a low energy cutoff. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.18026v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.18026v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">27 pages, 28 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. D 110, 022001 (2024) </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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