XML Tutorial

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content="xml tutorial, extensible markup language, learn xml"> <meta name="Description" content="Free XML tutorial - learn about XML and how to use it. Includes DTDs, XLST, and XPath."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.quackit.com/xml/tutorial/"> <title>XML Tutorial</title> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/pix/favicon96.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/pix/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/common/css/master.45.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script async src="https://cdn.fuseplatform.net/publift/tags/2/3499/fuse.js"></script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q3H025ZKLN"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-Q3H025ZKLN'); </script> </head> <body> <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header-base"> <div class="site-logo"> <a title="Quackit Homepage" target="_top" href="/"><img src="/pix/quackit_logo_watermark.png" width="87" height="33" alt="Quackit Logo"></a> </div> <button id="site-nav-toggler" class="site-nav-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="site-nav"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> ☰ </button> </div> <nav id="site-nav" class="site-nav"> <div class="site-links"> <ul> <li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> <span class="sr-only">Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/html/">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/css/">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/scripting/">Scripting</a></li> <li><a href="/database/">Database</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-search-top"> <form action="/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom" class="site-search"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-6331358926293806:98x0fk-bbgi"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:10"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"> <input type="text" name="q" size="20" class="site-search-input"> <button type="submit" name="sa" class="site-search-button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </div> </form> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="main"> <article class="content"> <h1 class="page-title">XML Tutorial</h1> <div class="ad ad-top">  <div data-fuse="23059883638"></div> </div> <ul class="pager"> <li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-long-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> Quackit Home</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/about_xml.cfm">Start Tutorial <i class="fa fa-long-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> <p class="lead">This XML tutorial consists of the following lessons.</p> <div class="index"> <div class="row"> <div class="cell col-2"> <h3>1. XML</h3> <p>This section focuses on XML itself, how to view and write XML:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/about_xml.cfm">About XML</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_viewers.cfm">XML Viewers</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_editors.cfm">XML Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_documents.cfm">XML Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_syntax.cfm">XML Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_elements.cfm">XML Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_attributes.cfm">XML Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_css.cfm">XML CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_xsl.cfm">XML XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_namespace.cfm">XML Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_local_namespace.cfm">XML Local Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_default_namespace.cfm">XML Default Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_entities.cfm">XML Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_cdata.cfm">XML CDATA</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cell col-2"> <h3>2. DTD</h3> <p>This section focuses on creating rules for your XML documents:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_introduction.cfm">DTD Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_doctype.cfm">DTD <!DOCTYPE></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_internal_dtd.cfm">Internal DTD</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_external_dtd.cfm">External DTD</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_combined_dtd.cfm">Combined DTD</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_fpi.cfm">DTD FPI (Formal Public Identifier)</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_elements.cfm">DTD Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_element_operators.cfm">DTD Element Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attributes.cfm">DTD Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attribute_default_values.cfm">DTD Attribute Default Values</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attribute_types.cfm">DTD Attribute Types</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_general_entities.cfm">DTD General Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_parameter_entities.cfm">DTD Parameter Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_embedded_images.cfm">DTD Embedded Images</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="cell col-2"> <h3>3. XSLT</h3> <p>This section focuses on the presentation of your XML documents:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_introduction.cfm">XSLT Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_example.cfm">XSLT Example</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_syntax.cfm">XSLT Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_template.cfm">XSLT <template></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_apply-templates.cfm">XSLT <apply-templates></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_value-of.cfm">XSLT <value-of></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_for-each.cfm">XSLT <for-each></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_sort.cfm">XSLT <sort></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_if.cfm">XSLT <if></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_choose.cfm">XSLT <choose></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cell col-2"> <h3>4. XPath</h3> <p>This section focuses on finding data within XML documents:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_introduction.cfm">XPath Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path.cfm">XPath Location Path</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path_absolute.cfm">XPath Location Path - Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path_relative.cfm">XPath Location Path - Relative</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_attributes.cfm">XPath Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_axis.cfm">XPath Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_node_test.cfm">XPath Node Test</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_predicate.cfm">XPath Predicate</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_node_set.cfm">XPath Node Set</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_comparison_operators.cfm">XPath Comparison Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_boolean_operators.cfm">XPath Boolean Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_number_operators.cfm">XPath Number Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_string_functions.cfm">XPath String Functions</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_tutorial_summary.cfm">XML Tutorial Summary</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="ad">  <div data-fuse="23059883644"></div> </div> <p>This XML tutorial is for beginners. You don't need experience with any other web technologies, but you'll probably find it easier to understand if you've had experience with technologies such as <a href="/html/tutorial/">HTML</a>, <a href="/css/tutorial/">CSS</a> and/or <a href="/database/tutorial">database systems</a>.</p> <p>If you're not familiar with HTML or database systems, don't worry — XML is a very easy technology to learn.</p> <p>There's a lot in this tutorial so I encourage you to bookmark this page now so that you can continue at your leisure.</p> <ul class="pager"> <li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-long-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> Quackit Home</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/about_xml.cfm">Start Tutorial <i class="fa fa-long-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </article> <div class="sidebar"> <nav> <ul> <li> <h3><a href="/xml/tutorial/" title="">XML Tutorial</a></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/about_xml.cfm" title="">About XML</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_viewers.cfm" title="">XML Viewers</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_editors.cfm" title="">XML Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_documents.cfm" title="">XML Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_syntax.cfm" title="">XML Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_elements.cfm" title="">XML Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_attributes.cfm" title="">XML Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_css.cfm" title="">XML with CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_xsl.cfm" title="">XML with XSL</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_namespace.cfm" title="">XML Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_local_namespace.cfm" title="">XML Local Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_default_namespace.cfm" title="">XML Default Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_entities.cfm" title="">XML Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_creating_entities.cfm" title="">XML Creating Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_cdata.cfm" title="">XML CDATA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3 class="heading-only">DTD</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_introduction.cfm" title="">DTD Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_doctype.cfm" title="">DTD DOCTYPE</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_internal_dtd.cfm" title="">DTD Internal</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_external_dtd.cfm" title="">DTD External</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_combined_dtd.cfm" title="">DTD Combined</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_fpi.cfm" title="">DTD FPI</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_elements.cfm" title="">DTD Elements</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_element_operators.cfm" title="">DTD Element Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attributes.cfm" title="">DTD Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attribute_default_values.cfm" title="">DTD Attribute Default Values</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_attribute_types.cfm" title="">DTD Attribute Types</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_general_entities.cfm" title="">DTD General Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_parameter_entities.cfm" title="">DTD Parameter Entities</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/dtd_embedded_images.cfm" title="">DTD Embedded Images</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3 class="heading-only">XSLT</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_introduction.cfm" title="">XSLT Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_example.cfm" title="">XSLT Example</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_syntax.cfm" title="">XSLT Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_template.cfm" title="">XSLT <template></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_apply-templates.cfm" title="">XSLT <apply-templates></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_value-of.cfm" title="">XSLT <value-of></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_for-each.cfm" title="">XSLT <for-each></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_sort.cfm" title="">XSLT <sort></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_if.cfm" title="">XSLT <if></a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xslt_choose.cfm" title="">XSLT <choose></a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3 class="heading-only">XPath</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_introduction.cfm" title="">XPath Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path.cfm" title="">XPath Location Path</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path_absolute.cfm" title="">XPath Location Path - Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_location_path_relative.cfm" title="">XPath Location Path - Relative</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_attributes.cfm" title="">XPath Attributes</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_axis.cfm" title="">XPath Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_node_test.cfm" title="">XPath Node Test</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_predicate.cfm" title="">XPath Predicate</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_node_set.cfm" title="">XPath Node Set</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_comparison_operators.cfm" title="">XPath Comparison Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_boolean_operators.cfm" title="">XPath Boolean Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_number_operators.cfm" title="">XPath Number Operators</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xpath_string_functions.cfm" title="">XPath String Functions</a></li> <li><a href="/xml/tutorial/xml_tutorial_summary.cfm" title="">Tutorial Summary</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="ad ad-left">  <div data-fuse="23059883641"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ads"> <div class="ad ad-right">  <div data-fuse="23059511718"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="searchbox-bottom"> <form action="/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom" class="site-search"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-6331358926293806:npmuvy-i8kk"> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:10"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"> <input type="text" name="q" size="30" class="site-search-input"> <button type="submit" name="sa" class="site-search-button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </div> </form> <script src="//cse.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box-bottom&lang=en"></script> </div> <footer> <p class="about"><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a> | <a href="/about.cfm" rel="nofollow">About</a> | <a href="/contact.cfm" rel="nofollow">Contact</a> | <a href="/terms_of_use.cfm" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a> | <a href="/privacy_policy.cfm" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p>© Copyright 2000 - 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XML Tutorial