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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Esporgada" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Esporgada" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Esporgada_forestal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esporgada_forestal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Esporgada forestal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esporgada_forestal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esporgada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 33 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85" title="تقليم - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقليم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98ez_d%C5%99evin" title="Řez dřevin - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řez dřevin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besk%C3%A6ring_af_planter" title="Beskæring af planter - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beskæring af planter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnitt_(Gartenbau)" title="Schnitt (Gartenbau) - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schnitt (Gartenbau)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pruning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stucado" title="Stucado - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stucado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poda" title="Poda - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inausketa" title="Inausketa - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inausketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="هرس - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leikkaus_(puutarha)" title="Leikkaus (puutarha) - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leikkaus (puutarha)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taille_(arboriculture)" title="Taille (arboriculture) - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taille (arboriculture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גיזום - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיזום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F" title="वृक्षों की काट-छाँट - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वृक्षों की काट-छाँट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsz%C3%A9s_(kert%C3%A9szet)" title="Metszés (kertészet) - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metszés (kertészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BF" title="Էտ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemangkasan" title="Pemangkasan - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemangkasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Akp%E1%BB%A5chas%E1%BB%8B_osisi" title="Ịkpụchasị osisi - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ịkpụchasị osisi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potatura" title="Potatura - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%AE%9A" title="剪定 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="剪定" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%98%EA%B8%B0" title="가지치기 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가지치기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BD" title="ഇലകോതൽ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇലകോതൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemangkasan" title="Pemangkasan - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemangkasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snitt_(Goornbo)" title="Snitt (Goornbo) - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Snitt (Goornbo)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoeien" title="Snoeien - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Snoeien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poda" title="Poda - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Обрезка растений - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обрезка растений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rez_(dreviny)" title="Rez (dreviny) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rez (dreviny)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrezovanje_drevja" title="Obrezovanje drevja - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obrezovanje drevja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besk%C3%A4rning" title="Beskärning - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beskärning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="கத்தரித்தல் (தாவரவியல்) - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கத்தரித்தல் (தாவரவியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="การทำไม้ตัดเรือนยอด - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำไม้ตัดเรือนยอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Обрізка рослин - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обрізка рослин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butash" title="Butash - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Butash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q500094#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificau enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esporgada" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Esporgada&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants 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/></a><figcaption>Gràfic que mostra la forma d'esporgada .</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada,_a_Ulldecona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg/220px-Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg/330px-Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg/440px-Olivera_%27farga%27_esporgada%2C_a_Ulldecona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Olivera de la varietat 'farga' esporgada'.</figcaption></figure><p>La <b>poda</b>, <b>esporgada</b> o <b>exsecallada</b> és el procés de retallar un <a href="/wiki/Arbre" title="Arbre">arbre</a> o <a href="/wiki/Arbust" title="Arbust">arbust</a>. Fet amb cura i correctament, l'esporgada pot incrementar el rendiment del fruit; així, és una pràctica agrícola comuna. En producció <a href="/wiki/Silvicultura" title="Silvicultura">silvicultura</a> s'empra per a obtenir troncs més rectes i sense nusos, per tant de major qualitat. En arbrat urbà la seua utilitat és, d'una banda, per prevenir el risc de caiguda de branques, i per altra controlar la grandària d'arbres la ubicació dels quals no permet el seu desenvolupament complet. Amb freqüència, en <a href="/wiki/Jardineria" title="Jardineria">jardineria</a>, s'utilitza l'esporgada per aconseguir formes artificials en els arbres o arbustos. Ben executada i repetida amb la periodicitat adequada, en pot augmentar el valor ornamental. No obstant això amb freqüència es practica de forma inadequada, ocasionant podriment de la fusta que escurcen la vida dels arbres i incrementen el risc de trencament de branques. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg/220px-RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg/330px-RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg/440px-RetocatEsporga_abansPICT1151-horz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5916" data-file-height="2299" /></a><figcaption>Pomera de 10 anys que mai havia estat esporgada, a principi d'abril es van tallar del tot les branques de sota i lleugerament les altres. A la dreta la mateixa pomera que mostra que necessita una aclarida de pomes</figcaption></figure> <p>Cada arbre exigeix un tipus d'esporgada diferent. Com a norma general les esporgades més importants són: </p> <ul><li><b>Esporgada de copa:</b> Es realitza en el primer any, consisteix a esporgar la branca principal de la copa per a afavorir la ramificació.</li> <li><b>Esporgada de formació:</b> Es realitza al cap de diversos anys, per a donar una forma adequada a l'arbre.</li> <li><b>Esporgada d'aclarida:</b> Es tracta de tallar branques senceres, de vegades es fa alhora que la de formació. Ajuda a la formació de la copa.</li> <li><b>Esporgada d'hivern:</b> Es realitza a l'hivern sobre arbres de creixement lent o poc vigorosos. Frena la formació de flors.</li> <li><b>Esporgada d'estiu o esporgada verda:</b> Té com a finalitat regular el creixement.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arquejat" title="Arquejat">Arquejar</a></b> les branques és una operació complementària de l'esporgada.</li></ul> <p>L'esporgada de branques velles i seques es realitza per a prevenir que existisca una excessiva quantitat de fusta seca que permeta una gran combustió en cas d'incendi. Són esporgades de neteja. </p><p>El procés pel qual un arbre es protegeix de l'entrada d'organismes paràsits en els talls d'esporgada fou descrit en 1977 per Alex Shigo, denominant-se model CODIT (Compartimentation of decay in Trees). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esporgada_forestal">Esporgada forestal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporgada&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Esporgada forestal"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG/220px-Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG/330px-Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG/440px-Aur%C3%B3_conformation_pruning_Prunus_avium_Catalonia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Esporgada de formació en exemplars de <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_avium" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunus avium">Prunus avium</a></i> (cirerer) a la Garrotxa. Observar la guia central dels arbres</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG/220px-Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG/330px-Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG/440px-Aur%C3%B3_trunk_pruning_in_Acer_pseudoplatanus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Esporgada de tronc en arbres d'<i><a href="/wiki/Acer_pseudoplatanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acer pseudoplatanus">Acer pseudoplatanus</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/La_Garrotxa" class="mw-redirect" title="La Garrotxa">la Garrotxa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'esporgada és una pràctica bàsica per a la <a href="/wiki/Silvicultura" title="Silvicultura">silvicultura</a>, i té dos objectius: obtenir un creixement de l'arbre en alçada, i un canó recte i sense nusos. El primer objectiu s'aconsegueix amb <b>l'esporgada de formació</b>, que en el cas de la silvicultura consisteix en el contrari de la pràctica amb fruiters, és a dir afavorir la <i>guia central</i> de l'arbre, escapçant les branques que l'hi fan concurrència. L'absència de nusos del canó s'obté eliminant les branques inferiors de l'arbre, fins a una alçada aproximada d'un terç del total (<b>esporgada de tronc</b>). </p><p>La freqüència d'esporgada depèn de l'espècie d'arbre. Hi ha arbres que tenen tendència natural a créixer drets, com ara les <a href="/wiki/Con%C3%ADferes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coníferes">coníferes</a>, mentre amb d'altres costa molt d'aconseguir-ho, per exemple el <a href="/wiki/Noguer" title="Noguer">noguer</a>. </p><p>La freqüència i volum de l'esporgada depèn molt també de la densitat de la massa forestal. Normalment els boscos naturals solen ser prou densos per produir una <b>esporgada natural</b> dels arbres. Per una banda l'arbre busca la llum, i sols pot aconseguir-la pujant amunt més de pressa que els seus concurrents pròxims. Per altra banda les branques inferiors es moren quan deixen de rebre il·luminació. A les plantacions artificials la feina d'esporgada és directament proporcional al marc de plantació.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporgada&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esporga_de_la_vinya" title="Esporga de la vinya">Esporga de la vinya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporgada&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">El marc de plantació és la distància entre els arbres. Així podem tenir marcs de 12x12, 6x6, 4x4, 4x3, etc., metres</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporgada&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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