Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial injury response and tauopathy

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="coTI4KCkamTjux7MBRW2NkjyBjOdDDEkBa9kPo7VSYGNNxJVTE5CB1lg6pzp5cR4"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="coTI4KCkamTjux7MBRW2NkjyBjOdDDEkBa9kPo7VSYGNNxJVTE5CB1lg6pzp5cR4"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="coTI4KCkamTjux7MBRW2NkjyBjOdDDEkBa9kPo7VSYGNNxJVTE5CB1lg6pzp5cR4"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="coTI4KCkamTjux7MBRW2NkjyBjOdDDEkBa9kPo7VSYGNNxJVTE5CB1lg6pzp5cR4"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="30232263"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 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doi: 10.1073/pnas.1811411115. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2018 Sep 19. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial injury response and tauopathy </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sayed+FA&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Faten A Sayed">Faten A Sayed</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Telpoukhovskaia+M&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maria Telpoukhovskaia">Maria Telpoukhovskaia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kodama+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lay Kodama">Lay Kodama</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+Y&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yaqiao Li">Yaqiao Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhou+Y&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yungui Zhou">Yungui Zhou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Le+D&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Le">David Le</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hauduc+A&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Axel Hauduc">Axel Hauduc</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ludwig+C&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Connor Ludwig">Connor Ludwig</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gao+F&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fuying Gao">Fuying Gao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Clelland+C&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claire Clelland">Claire Clelland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhan+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lihong Zhan">Lihong Zhan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cooper+YA&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yonatan A Cooper">Yonatan A Cooper</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span 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href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Coppola+G&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Giovanni Coppola">Giovanni Coppola</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gan+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Li Gan">Li Gan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; lgan@gladstone.ucsf.edu." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/30232263/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Neuroscience 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</ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial injury response and tauopathy </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Faten A Sayed</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2018">2018</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/30232263/long-authors/" 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class="cit">2018 Oct 2;115(40):10172-10177.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1073/pnas.1811411115. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2018 Sep 19. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sayed+FA&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Faten A Sayed">Faten A Sayed</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Telpoukhovskaia+M&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maria Telpoukhovskaia">Maria Telpoukhovskaia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kodama+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lay Kodama">Lay Kodama</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+Y&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yaqiao Li">Yaqiao Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhou+Y&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yungui Zhou">Yungui Zhou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Le+D&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Le">David Le</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hauduc+A&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Axel Hauduc">Axel Hauduc</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ludwig+C&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Connor Ludwig">Connor Ludwig</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gao+F&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fuying Gao">Fuying Gao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Clelland+C&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claire Clelland">Claire Clelland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhan+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lihong Zhan">Lihong Zhan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cooper+YA&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yonatan A Cooper">Yonatan A Cooper</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Davalos+D&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dimitrios Davalos">Dimitrios Davalos</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Akassoglou+K&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Katerina Akassoglou">Katerina Akassoglou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Coppola+G&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Giovanni Coppola">Giovanni Coppola</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gan+L&cauthor_id=30232263" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Li Gan">Li Gan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; lgan@gladstone.ucsf.edu." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Departmentof Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158; lgan@gladstone.ucsf.edu.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">30232263</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC6176614&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6176614/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC6176614 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1073/pnas.1811411115&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811411115" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1073/pnas.1811411115 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/30232263/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/30232263/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, as well as microgliosis. Hemizygous missense variants in Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (<i>TREM2</i>) are associated with elevated risk for developing late-onset AD. These variants are hypothesized to result in loss of function, mimicking TREM2 haploinsufficiency. However, the consequences of TREM2 haploinsufficiency on tau pathology and microglial function remain unknown. We report the effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial function and tau-associated deficits. In vivo imaging revealed that microglia from aged TREM2-haploinsufficient mice show a greater impairment in their injury response compared with microglia from aged TREM2-KO mice. In transgenic mice expressing mutant human tau, TREM2 haploinsufficiency, but not complete loss of TREM2, increased tau pathology. In addition, whereas complete TREM2 deficiency protected against tau-mediated microglial activation and atrophy, TREM2 haploinsufficiency elevated expression of proinflammatory markers and exacerbated atrophy at a late stage of disease. The differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial function and tau pathology provide important insights into the critical role of TREM2 in AD pathogenesis. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> RNA-seq; inflammation; motility; neurodegeneration; tau inclusions. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/4dab9c4dace3/pnas.1811411115fig01.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="796" data-image-height="929" data-image-alt="Fig. 1." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig01"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/f63e8178a1bc/pnas.1811411115fig01.gif" alt="Fig. 1." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="796"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="929"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> TREM2 haploinsufficiency causes an age-dependent… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> TREM2 haploinsufficiency causes an age-dependent impairment of microglia’s injury response in vivo. (… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 1. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">TREM2 haploinsufficiency causes an age-dependent impairment of microglia’s injury response in vivo. (<i>A</i>–<i>E</i>) Quantification of microglial motility in 3–5-mo-old mice. Quantification of the average speed per microglial process (<i>A</i>) and total change in length of microglial processes (<i>B</i>) during 10-min baseline recordings from 3–5-mo-old mice. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 7 recordings from 7 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 recordings from 9 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 recordings from 10 mice. (<i>C</i>) Microglial density for young mice from laser-induced tissue injury videos. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 recordings from 9 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 11 recordings from 10 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 recordings from 10 mice. (<i>D</i>) Representative still images at 3 min, 21 min, 39 min, and 57 min from the microglial responses to injury in young mice. Laser ablations are outlined with smaller white circles. The response was normalized to microglial density at each time point, denoted by larger white circles. (Scale bar: 20 μm.) (<i>E</i>) Quantification of normalized microglial responses from young mice toward focal laser-induced tissue injury over a period of 60 min from time of injury. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 7 injuries from 7 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 11 injuries from 10 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 injuries from 10 mice. (<i>F</i>–<i>H</i>) Quantification of microglial motility in 9–14-mo old mice. (<i>F</i>) Quantification of the average speed per microglial process and (<i>G</i>) total change in length of processes during 10-min baseline recordings from 9–14-mo-old mice. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 recordings from 7 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 recordings from 9 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 recordings from 9 mice. (<i>H</i>) Microglial density for aged mice during laser-induced tissue injury experiments. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 7 recordings from 6 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 13 recordings from 10 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 recordings from 9 mice. (<i>I</i>) Representative still images at 3 min, 21 min, 39 min, and 57 min from the microglial responses to injury in aged mice. Laser ablations are outlined with smaller white circles. Response size was normalized to microglial density at each time point, denoted by larger white circles. (Scale bar: 20 μm.) (<i>J</i>) Quantification of normalized microglial responses from aged mice toward focal laser-induced tissue injury was measured over a period of 60 min from time of injury. <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 6 injuries from 5 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 13 injuries from 10 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 injuries from 9 mice (****<i>P</i> < 0.0001, STATA mixed-effects modeling). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses for all panels except for <i>E</i> and <i>J</i>, which were analyzed by using STATA mixed-effects modeling.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/0d82b0c12275/pnas.1811411115fig02.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="793" data-image-height="806" data-image-alt="Fig. 2." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig02"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/f3fac54f9a18/pnas.1811411115fig02.gif" alt="Fig. 2." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="793"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="806"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on the microglial transcriptome.… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 2. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on the microglial transcriptome. (<i>A</i>) RNA-seq of microglia isolated from the forebrain of 3–4-mo-old mice (<i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 4 samples from 8 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 3 samples from 6 mice; <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 3 samples from 6 mice). Expression levels of the top 100 most enriched transcripts in astrocytes (AS), endothelial cells (EN), microglia (MG), neurons (NE), and oligodendrocytes (OG), as identified by Zhang et al. (27). Columns 1–5: data from Zhang et al. Columns 6–15: expression data in microglia from <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, and <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice. Shades of red correspond to increased levels compared with average gene expression, and shades of blue correspond to decreased levels. (<i>B</i>) Heat map representing significantly altered transcripts (<i>P</i> < 0.005) across all genotypes. Samples are in columns and genes are in rows. Shades of red represent up-reglation, and shades of green represent down-regulation. (<i>C</i>) Venn diagram illustrating the number and overlap of transcripts that were significantly altered between the two indicated genotypes (<i>P</i> < 0.005). (<i>D</i>) IPA of top six enriched disease and biological function pathways from 107 transcripts that were significantly altered in <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup> microglia compared with <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup> microglia (<i>P</i> < 0.005). Bars indicate −log (<i>P</i> value) of enrichment. Red dotted line corresponds to <i>P</i> = 0.05.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/3375babed350/pnas.1811411115fig03.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="796" data-image-height="357" data-image-alt="Fig. 3." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig03"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/52f32bb90daf/pnas.1811411115fig03.gif" alt="Fig. 3." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="796"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="357"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on P301S-induced transcriptional changes.… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 3. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on P301S-induced transcriptional changes. (<i>A</i>) Venn diagram illustrating the number and overlap of transcripts that were significantly altered between the two indicated P301S<sup>+</sup> genotypes from 8–9-mo-old mice (<i>P</i> < 0.005, four mice per genotype, one mouse per sample). (<i>B</i>) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the hallmark database on significantly differentially expressed transcripts between partial vs. complete loss of TREM2 in P301S mice. The top 10 most enriched pathways are shown. The fraction on the bar graph indicates the total number of genes curated in the database for the specified term (denominator) and the number of overlapping genes in the inputted RNA-seq dataset (numerator).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/32666cf6e788/pnas.1811411115fig04.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="796" data-image-height="1001" data-image-alt="Fig. 4." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig04"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/dd6d18f26f3f/pnas.1811411115fig04.gif" alt="Fig. 4." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="796"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1001"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> TREM2 haploinsufficiency exacerbates tau pathology… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> TREM2 haploinsufficiency exacerbates tau pathology in P301S <sup> + </sup> mice. ( <i> A </i> ) Representative… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 4. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">TREM2 haploinsufficiency exacerbates tau pathology in P301S<sup>+</sup> mice. (<i>A</i>) Representative images of AT8 immunostaining in the cortex of 8–9-mo-old mice. (Scale bar: 100 μm.) (<i>B</i>) Quantification of the percentage of AT8<sup>+</sup> area in the cortex of P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; 6–8 sections per mouse (*<i>P</i> < 0.05, STATA mixed-effects modeling). (<i>C</i>) Representative images of AT8 immunostaining in the hippocampus of 8–9-mo-old mice. (Scale bar: 300 μm.) (<i>D</i>) Quantification of the percentage of AT8<sup>+</sup> area in the hippocampus of P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 mice; 6–8 sections per mouse. (<i>E</i>) Representative images of MC1 immunostaining in the cortex of 8–9-mo-old mice. (Scale bar: 300 μm.) (<i>F</i>) Quantification of the percentage of MC1<sup>+</sup> area in the cortex of P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; 7–16 sections per mouse (**<i>P</i> < 0.01, R mixed-effects modeling). (<i>G</i>) Representative images of MC1 immunostaining in the hippocampus of 8–9-mo-old mice. (Scale bar: 100 μm.) (<i>H</i>) Quantification of the percentage of MC1<sup>+</sup> area in the hippocampus of P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 mice; 7–16 sections/mouse (**<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001, R mixed-effects modeling). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/8ae925fb5b74/pnas.1811411115fig05.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="793" data-image-height="738" data-image-alt="Fig. 5." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig05"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/e8f103745a6b/pnas.1811411115fig05.gif" alt="Fig. 5." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="793"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="738"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on atrophy in P301S… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 5. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on atrophy in P301S<sup>+</sup> mice. (<i>A</i>) Representative images of NeuN immunostaining from 8–9-mo-old mice. Lateral ventricle outlined with a white dashed line. (<i>B</i>) Quantification of the lateral ventricle area of <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 6 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 mice, 6–17 sections per mouse (*<i>P</i> < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis). (<i>C</i>) Quantification of the hippocampal area in 8–9-mo-old <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 6; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25; and P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 mice, 6–17 sections per mouse. (<i>D</i>) Representative images of NeuN immunostaining from 10–11-mo-old mice. Lateral ventricle outlined with a white dashed line. (<i>E</i>) Quantification of the lateral ventricle area of <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup><i>+/+</i></sup>, <i>n</i> = 12 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 11 mice; <i>n</i> = 6–8 sections per mouse (***<i>P</i> < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="fig-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/137f55c657a2/pnas.1811411115fig06.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="796" data-image-height="874" data-image-alt="Fig. 6." data-pmc-id="PMC6176614" data-figure-id="fig06"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0648/6176614/baffb02c1a42/pnas.1811411115fig06.gif" alt="Fig. 6." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="796"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="874"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential regulation of inflammation by… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Differential regulation of inflammation by partial and complete loss of TREM2 in P301S… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 6. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Differential regulation of inflammation by partial and complete loss of TREM2 in P301S<sup>+</sup> mice. (<i>A</i>) Representative images of Iba1 immunostaining of microglia in the hippocampus of 8–9-mo-old mice. (Scale bar: 300 μm.) (<i>B</i>) Quantification of the number of microglia per millimeter squared in the hippocampus of <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 5 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 25 mice; P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 10 mice; 6–17 sections per mouse (*<i>P</i> < 0.05, R mixed-effects modeling). (<i>C</i>) Significant positive correlation between hippocampal percent MC1<sup>+</sup> area and number of Iba1<sup>+</sup> cells per square millimeter (***<i>P</i> < 0.001, linear regression). Each dot represents one animal. Graph depicts mean and 95% CIs. Genotypes are color-coded according to key. (<i>D</i>) Representative images of hippocampal Iba1 immunostaining and the corresponding 3D reconstructions using Imaris. (Scale bars: full-view images, 40 μm; magnified images, 20 μm.) (<i>E</i>) Quantification of the length sum of microglial processes and (<i>F</i>) number of microglial branches in <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 4 mice (35 cells); P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/+</sup>, <i>n</i> = 7 mice (123 cells); P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>+/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 9 mice (169 cells); P301S<sup>+</sup> <i>TREM2</i><sup>−/−</sup>, <i>n</i> = 5 mice (64 cells; *<i>P</i> < 0.05 and ***<i>P</i> < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32544086/" ref="article_id=32544086&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="32544086" data-ga-label=""> Impact of TREM2R47H variant on tau pathology-induced gliosis and neurodegeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Gratuze M, Leyns CE, Sauerbeck AD, St-Pierre MK, Xiong M, Kim N, Serrano JR, Tremblay MÈ, Kummer TT, Colonna M, Ulrich JD, Holtzman DM.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Gratuze M, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Clin Invest. 2020 Sep 1;130(9):4954-4968. doi: 10.1172/JCI138179.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Clin Invest. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32544086</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/26854967/" ref="article_id=26854967&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="26854967" data-ga-label=""> TREM2 Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ulrich JD, Holtzman DM.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ulrich JD, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">ACS Chem Neurosci. 2016 Apr 20;7(4):420-7. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00313. 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aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Membrane Glycoproteins* / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Membrane Glycoproteins* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Membrane+Glycoproteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Glycoproteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Membrane Glycoproteins* / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Membrane+Glycoproteins" 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/ metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Membrane+Glycoproteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Membrane+Glycoproteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Membrane Glycoproteins* / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Membrane+Glycoproteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Membrane Glycoproteins* / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Membrane 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dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Mutation%2C+Missense%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Mutation%2C+Missense%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Mutation, Missense"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Mutation, Missense*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mutation%2C+Missense" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Mutation, Missense*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Mutation, Missense"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Mutation, Missense"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Receptors, Immunologic* / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Receptors, Immunologic* / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Receptors, Immunologic* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Receptors%2C+Immunologic%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Receptors%2C+Immunologic%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Receptors, Immunologic/genetics"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" 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data-pinger-ignore> Receptors, Immunologic* / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Receptors, Immunologic* / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Receptors%2C+Immunologic%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Receptors%2C+Immunologic%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Receptors, Immunologic* / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Receptors%2C+Immunologic" 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Differential effects of partial and complete loss of TREM2 on microglial injury response and tauopathy - PubMed