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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Pre-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Post-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_visual_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_visual_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Design and visual effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design_and_visual_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Design and visual effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_visual_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Costumes_and_set_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costumes_and_set_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Costumes and set design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costumes_and_set_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_of_the_monolith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_of_the_monolith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Design of the monolith </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_of_the_monolith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotating_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotating_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Rotating sets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotating_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zero-gravity_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zero-gravity_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Zero-gravity effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zero-gravity_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Star_Gate"_sequence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Star_Gate"_sequence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 "Star Gate" sequence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Star_Gate"_sequence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Visual effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soundtrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soundtrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Soundtrack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soundtrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatrical_run_and_post-premiere_cuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_run_and_post-premiere_cuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Theatrical run and post-premiere cuts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_run_and_post-premiere_cuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reception and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_fiction_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_fiction_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Science fiction writers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_fiction_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Awards and honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Interpretations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Interpretations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audiences_vs._critics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiences_vs._critics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Audiences vs. critics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiences_vs._critics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meaning_of_the_monolith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning_of_the_monolith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Meaning of the monolith </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning_of_the_monolith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"A_new_heaven"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"A_new_heaven""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 "A new heaven" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"A_new_heaven"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HAL's_breakdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HAL's_breakdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 HAL's breakdown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HAL's_breakdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Star_Child"_symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Star_Child"_symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 "Star Child" symbolism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Star_Child"_symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_satellites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_satellites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Military satellites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_satellites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Re-releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2001: A Space Odyssey</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(rolprent)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (rolprent) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (rolprent)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Odyssee_im_Weltraum" title="2001: Odyssee im Weltraum – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="2001: Odyssee im Weltraum" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="2001: ملحمة الفضاء (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="2001: ملحمة الفضاء (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Kosmik_Odissey" title="2001: Kosmik Odissey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="2001: Kosmik Odissey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7:_%E0%A6%86_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="২০০১: আ স্পেস অডিসি (চলচ্চিত্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০০১: আ স্পেস অডিসি (চলচ্চিত্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Th%C3%A0i-khong_B%C4%81n-i%C3%BB_(ti%C4%81n-i%C3%A1%E2%81%BF)" title="2001: Thài-khong Bān-iû (tiān-iáⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="2001: Thài-khong Bān-iû (tiān-iáⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_2001_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Касмічная адысея 2001 года – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касмічная адысея 2001 года" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="2001: Космическа одисея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2001: Космическа одисея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Odiseja_u_svemiru_(film)" title="2001: Odiseja u svemiru (film) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="2001: Odiseja u svemiru (film)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_una_odissea_de_l%27espai" title="2001: una odissea de l'espai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="2001: una odissea de l'espai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Vesm%C3%ADrn%C3%A1_odysea_(film)" title="2001: Vesmírná odysea (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2001: Vesmírná odysea (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumrejsen_%C3%A5r_2001" title="Rumrejsen år 2001 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rumrejsen år 2001" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="2001: ؤديسيا د لفضاء – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="2001: ؤديسيا د لفضاء" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Odyssee_im_Weltraum" title="2001: Odyssee im Weltraum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2001: Odyssee im Weltraum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Kosmoseod%C3%BCsseia" title="2001: Kosmoseodüsseia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2001: Kosmoseodüsseia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%CE%97_%CE%9F%CE%B4%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="2001: Η Οδύσσεια του Διαστήματος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="2001: Η Οδύσσεια του Διαστήματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(pel%C3%ADcula)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (película) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (película)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B1:_%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="۲۰۰۱: ادیسه فضایی (فیلم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۲۰۰۱: ادیسه فضایی (فیلم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001,_l%27Odyss%C3%A9e_de_l%27espace" title="2001, l'Odyssée de l'espace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2001, l'Odyssée de l'espace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Unha_odisea_do_espazo" title="2001: Unha odisea do espazo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="2001: Unha odisea do espazo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4" title="2001: 스페이스 오디세이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2001: 스페이스 오디세이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B4)" title="2001 թվականի տիեզերական ոդիսականը (ֆիլմ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="2001 թվականի տիեզերական ոդիսականը (ֆիլմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7:_%E0%A4%85_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="२००१: अ स्पेस ओडिसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="२००१: अ स्पेस ओडिसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001.:_Odiseja_u_svemiru_(1968.)" title="2001.: Odiseja u svemiru (1968.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="2001.: Odiseja u svemiru (1968.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001,_spacal_odiseo" title="2001, spacal odiseo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="2001, spacal odiseo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Geim%C3%A6vint%C3%BDrafer%C3%B0" title="2001: Geimævintýraferð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2001: Geimævintýraferð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Odissea_nello_spazio" title="2001: Odissea nello spazio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="2001: Odissea nello spazio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C" title="2001: אודיסיאה בחלל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="2001: אודיסיאה בחלל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="2001: კოსმოსური ოდისეა (ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="2001: კოსმოსური ოდისეა (ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="2001: Ғарыш одиссеясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="2001: Ғарыш одиссеясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Kosmosa_odiseja" title="2001: Kosmosa odiseja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2001: Kosmosa odiseja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_m._kosmin%C4%97_odis%C4%97ja" title="2001 m. kosminė odisėja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2001 m. kosminė odisėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%C5%B0rod%C3%BCsszeia" title="2001: Űrodüsszeia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2001: Űrodüsszeia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="2001: Вселенска одисеја (филм) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="2001: Вселенска одисеја (филм)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:%E0%B4%8E_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="2001:എ സ്പേസ് ഒഡീസ്സി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="2001:എ സ്പേസ് ഒഡീസ്സി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="2001: اوديسة الفضاء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="2001: اوديسة الفضاء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(filem)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (filem) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (filem)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%81%AE%E6%97%85" title="2001年宇宙の旅 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2001年宇宙の旅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_En_romodyss%C3%A9" title="2001: En romodyssé – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="2001: En romodyssé" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_En_romodyss%C3%A9" title="2001: En romodyssé – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="2001: En romodyssé" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001,_una_odiss%C3%A8a_de_l%27espaci" title="2001, una odissèa de l'espaci – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="2001, una odissèa de l'espaci" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%E0%A8%85_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE)" title="2001: ਅ ਸਪੇਸ ਓਡੀਸੀ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="2001: ਅ ਸਪੇਸ ਓਡੀਸੀ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Odyseja_kosmiczna_(film)" title="2001: Odyseja kosmiczna (film) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="2001: Odyseja kosmiczna (film)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_O_odisee_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83_(film)" title="2001: O odisee spațială (film) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="2001: O odisee spațială (film)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_2001_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Космическая одиссея 2001 года – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космическая одиссея 2001 года" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(movie)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (movie) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (movie)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Vesm%C3%ADrna_odysea" title="2001: Vesmírna odysea – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2001: Vesmírna odysea" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Vesoljska_odiseja_(film)" title="2001: Vesoljska odiseja (film) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="2001: Vesoljska odiseja (film)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A0%D9%A1:_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="٢٠٠١: ئۆدێسەی بۆشایی ئاسمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٢٠٠١: ئۆدێسەی بۆشایی ئاسمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83" title="2001: Одисеја у свемиру – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="2001: Одисеја у свемиру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(1968)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Avaruusseikkailu_(elokuva)" title="2001: Avaruusseikkailu (elokuva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="2001: Avaruusseikkailu (elokuva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85r_2001_%E2%80%93_ett_rymd%C3%A4ventyr" title="År 2001 – ett rymdäventyr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="År 2001 – ett rymdäventyr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_%E0%AE%8F_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="2001: ஏ ஸ்பேஸ் ஒடிசி (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2001: ஏ ஸ்பேஸ் ஒடிசி (திரைப்படம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_%E0%B0%8E_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80" title="2001 ఎ స్పేస్ ఒడిస్సీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="2001 ఎ స్పేస్ ఒడిస్సీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="2001 จอมจักรวาล (ภาพยนตร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="2001 จอมจักรวาล (ภาพยนตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_Bir_Uzay_Destan%C4%B1_(film)" title="2001: Bir Uzay Destanı (film) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2001: Bir Uzay Destanı (film)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_2001_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Космічна одіссея 2001 року (фільм) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космічна одіссея 2001 року (фільм)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1968 film directed by Stanley Kubrick</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"A Space Odyssey" redirects here. For the novel, see <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)">2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Space_Odyssey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Space Odyssey (disambiguation)">Space Odyssey (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (disambiguation)">2001: A Space Odyssey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">2001: A Space Odyssey</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_A_Space_Odyssey_(1968).png" class="mw-file-description" title="A painted image of a space station suspended in space, in the background the Earth is visible. Above the image appears "An epic drama of adventure and exploration" in blue block letters against a white background. Below the image in a black band, the title "2001: a space odyssey" appears in yellow block letters."><img alt="A painted image of a space station suspended in space, in the background the Earth is visible. Above the image appears "An epic drama of adventure and exploration" in blue block letters against a white background. Below the image in a black band, the title "2001: a space odyssey" appears in yellow block letters." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29.png/220px-2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/11/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="390" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCall_(artist)" title="Robert McCall (artist)">Robert McCall</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Stanley Kubrick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Stanley Kubrick</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Dullea" title="Keir Dullea">Keir Dullea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lockwood" title="Gary Lockwood">Gary Lockwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Unsworth" title="Geoffrey Unsworth">Geoffrey Unsworth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lovejoy" title="Ray Lovejoy">Ray Lovejoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Films" title="Hawk Films">Stanley Kubrick Productions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>2 April 1968 (1968-04-02) (<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theater_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)">Uptown Theater</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Release-1">[1]</a></li> <li>3 April 1968 (1968-04-03) (United States)<a href="#cite_note-Release-1">[1]</a></li> <li>1 May 1968 (1968-05-01) (United Kingdom)<a href="#cite_note-Release-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">139 minutes<a href="#cite_note-nyt_review-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>United Kingdom</li> <li>United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$10.5 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$146 million</td></tr></tbody></table> 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>. Its plot was inspired by several short stories <a href="/wiki/Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">optioned</a> from Clarke, primarily "<a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(short_story)" title="The Sentinel (short story)">The Sentinel</a>" (1951) and "<a href="/wiki/Encounter_in_the_Dawn" title="Encounter in the Dawn">Encounter in the Dawn</a>" (1953).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The film stars <a href="/wiki/Keir_Dullea" title="Keir Dullea">Keir Dullea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lockwood" title="Gary Lockwood">Gary Lockwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Sylvester" title="William Sylvester">William Sylvester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rain" title="Douglas Rain">Douglas Rain</a>. It follows a voyage by astronauts, scientists, and the sentient supercomputer <a href="/wiki/HAL_9000" title="HAL 9000">HAL 9000</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> to investigate an <a href="/wiki/Monolith_(Space_Odyssey)" title="Monolith (Space Odyssey)">alien monolith</a>. The film is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a>, pioneering <a href="/wiki/Special_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Special effects">special effects</a>, and ambiguous themes. Kubrick avoided conventional cinematic and narrative techniques; dialogue is used sparingly, and there are long sequences accompanied only by music. Shunning the convention that major film productions should feature original music, 2001: A Space Odyssey takes for <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(soundtrack)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack)">its soundtrack</a> numerous works of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a>, including pieces by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Aram Khachaturian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a>. Polarising critics after its release, 2001: A Space Odyssey has since been subject to a variety of interpretations, ranging from the darkly apocalyptic to an optimistic reappraisal of the hopes of humanity. Critics noted its exploration of themes such as <a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">human evolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, and the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a>. It was nominated for four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, winning Kubrick the award for his direction of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">visual effects</a>, which apart from his <a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">lifetime-achievement Oscar</a>, was the only Academy Award the director would receive.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The film is now widely regarded as one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest and most influential films ever made</a>. In 1991, it was selected by the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>. In 2022, 2001: A Space Odyssey placed in the top ten of <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>'s decennial critics' poll, and topped their directors' poll. A sequel, <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a>, was released in 1984, based on the novel <a href="/wiki/2010:_Odyssey_Two" title="2010: Odyssey Two">2010: Odyssey Two</a>. Clarke published a <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)">novelisation of 2001</a> (in part written concurrently with the screenplay) soon after the film's 1968 release, for which Kubrick received co-writing credit. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> In a prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Veld" title="Veld">veld</a>, a tribe of <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">hominins</a> is driven away from a water hole by a rival tribe, and the next day finds an <a href="/wiki/Monolith_(Space_Odyssey)" title="Monolith (Space Odyssey)">alien monolith</a>. The tribe learns how to use a bone as a weapon and, after a first hunt, use it to drive the rival tribe away. Millions of years later, Dr Heywood Floyd, Chairman of the United States National Council of Astronautics, travels to <a href="/wiki/Clavius_(crater)" title="Clavius (crater)">Clavius</a> Base, an American <a href="/wiki/Lunar_outpost" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar outpost">lunar outpost</a>. During a stopover at Space Station Five, he meets Russian scientists who are concerned that Clavius seems to be unresponsive. He refuses to discuss rumours of an epidemic at the base. At Clavius, Floyd addresses a meeting of personnel to whom he stresses the need for secrecy regarding their newest discovery. His mission is to investigate a recently found artefact, a monolith buried four million years earlier near the lunar crater <a href="/wiki/Tycho_(lunar_crater)" title="Tycho (lunar crater)">Tycho</a>. As he and others examine and photograph the object, it emits a high-powered radio signal. Eighteen months later, the American spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Discovery_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery One">Discovery One</a> is bound for <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, with mission pilots and scientists Dr Dave Bowman and Dr Frank Poole on board, along with three other scientists in <a href="/wiki/Suspended_animation" title="Suspended animation">suspended animation</a>. Most of Discovery's operations are controlled by HAL, a <a href="/wiki/HAL_9000" title="HAL 9000">HAL 9000</a> computer with a human-like personality. When HAL reports the imminent failure of an antenna control device, Bowman retrieves it in an <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> (EVA) pod, but finds nothing wrong. HAL suggests reinstalling the device and letting it fail so the problem can be verified. <a href="/wiki/Mission_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Control">Mission Control</a> advises the astronauts that results from their backup 9000 computer indicate that HAL has made an error, but HAL blames it on human error. Concerned about HAL's behaviour, Bowman and Poole enter an EVA pod so they can talk in private without HAL overhearing. They agree to disconnect HAL if he is proven wrong. HAL follows their conversation by <a href="/wiki/Lip_reading" title="Lip reading">lip reading</a>. While Poole is floating away from his pod to replace the antenna unit, HAL takes control of the pod and attacks him, sending Poole tumbling away from the ship with a severed air line. Bowman takes another pod to rescue Poole. While he is outside, HAL turns off the <a href="/wiki/Life_support" title="Life support">life support</a> functions of the crewmen in suspended animation, killing them. When Bowman returns to the ship with Poole's body, HAL refuses to let him back in, stating that their plan to deactivate him jeopardises the mission. Bowman releases Poole's body and opens the ship's emergency airlock with his <a href="/wiki/Remote_manipulator" title="Remote manipulator">remote manipulators</a>. Lacking a helmet for his spacesuit, he positions his pod carefully so that when he jettisons the pod's door, he is propelled by the escaping air across the vacuum into Discovery's airlock. He enters HAL's <a href="/wiki/Processor_core" class="mw-redirect" title="Processor core">processor core</a> and begins disconnecting most of HAL's circuits, ignoring HAL's pleas to stop. When he is finished, a prerecorded video by Heywood Floyd plays, revealing that the mission's actual objective is to investigate the radio signal sent from the monolith to Jupiter. At Jupiter, Bowman finds a third, much larger monolith orbiting the planet. He leaves Discovery in an EVA pod to investigate. He is pulled into a vortex of coloured light and observes bizarre astronomical phenomena and strange landscapes of unusual colours as he passes by. Finally he finds himself in a large <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> bedroom where he sees, and then becomes, older versions of himself: first standing in the bedroom, middle-aged and still in his spacesuit, then dressed in leisure attire and eating dinner, and finally as an old man lying in bed. A monolith appears at the foot of the bed, and as Bowman reaches for it, he is transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Foetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Foetus">foetus</a> enclosed in a transparent orb of light, which afterwards floats in space above the Earth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Dullea" title="Keir Dullea">Keir Dullea</a> as Dr <a href="/wiki/David_Bowman_(Space_Odyssey)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bowman (Space Odyssey)">David Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lockwood" title="Gary Lockwood">Gary Lockwood</a> as Dr <a href="/wiki/Frank_Poole" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Poole">Frank Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sylvester" title="William Sylvester">William Sylvester</a> as Dr <a href="/wiki/Heywood_Floyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Heywood Floyd">Heywood Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Richter_(actor)" title="Daniel Richter (actor)">Daniel Richter</a> as Moonwatcher, the chief man-ape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rossiter" title="Leonard Rossiter">Leonard Rossiter</a> as Dr Andrei Smyslov</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tyzack" title="Margaret Tyzack">Margaret Tyzack</a> as Elena</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beatty" title="Robert Beatty">Robert Beatty</a> as Dr Ralph Halvorsen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Sullivan_(actor)" title="Sean Sullivan (actor)">Sean Sullivan</a> as Dr Roy Michaels<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rain" title="Douglas Rain">Douglas Rain</a> as the voice of <a href="/wiki/HAL_9000" title="HAL 9000">HAL 9000</a></li> <li>Frank Miller as mission controller</li> <li>Edwina Carroll as lunar shuttle stewardess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Brahms" title="Penny Brahms">Penny Brahms</a> as stewardess</li> <li>Heather Downham as stewardess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gifford" title="Alan Gifford">Alan Gifford</a> as Poole's father</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Gillis" title="Ann Gillis">Ann Gillis</a> as Poole's mother</li> <li>Maggie d'Abo as stewardess (Space Station 5 elevator) (uncredited)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chela_Matthison" title="Chela Matthison">Chela Matthison</a> as Mrs Turner, Space Station 5 reception (uncredited)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Kubrick" title="Vivian Kubrick">Vivian Kubrick</a> as Floyd's daughter, "Squirt" (uncredited)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kendall" title="Kenneth Kendall">Kenneth Kendall</a> as <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> announcer (uncredited)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> After completing <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> (1964), director <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> told a publicist from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> that his next project would be about <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and resolved to make "the proverbial good science fiction movie".<a href="#cite_note-Lost_Worlds-12">[12]</a> How Kubrick became interested in creating a science fiction film is far from clear.<a href="#cite_note-Baxter-13">[13]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Baxter_(author)" title="John Baxter (author)">John Baxter</a> notes possible inspirations in the late 1950s, including British productions featuring dramas on satellites and aliens modifying early humans, <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (MGM)'s big budget <a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> production <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Planet" title="Forbidden Planet">Forbidden Planet</a>, and the slick widescreen cinematography and set design of Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a> (monster film) productions (such as <a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eiji_Tsuburaya" title="Eiji Tsuburaya">Eiji Tsuburaya</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla</a> films and <a href="/wiki/Koji_Shima" title="Koji Shima">Koji Shima</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Warning_from_Space" title="Warning from Space">Warning from Space</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Baxter-13">[13]</a> Kubrick obtained financing and distribution from the American studio MGM with the selling point that the film could be marketed in the ultra-widescreen <a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a> format, which MGM had recently used on <a href="/wiki/How_the_West_Was_Won_(film)" title="How the West Was Won (film)">How the West Was Won</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ChapmanCull2013-p97-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baxter-13">[13]</a> It would be filmed and edited almost entirely in southern England, where Kubrick lived, using the facilities of <a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Studios" title="Shepperton Studios">Shepperton Studios</a>. MGM had subcontracted the production of the film to Kubrick's production company to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/Eady_Levy" title="Eady Levy">Eady Levy</a>, a UK tax on box-office receipts used at the time to fund the production of films in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-ChapmanCull2013-p98-16">[16]</a> In a draft version of a contract with Kubrick's production company in May 1965, MGM suggested <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> as possible replacements for Kubrick if he was unavailable.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-production">Pre-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pre-production">edit</a>]</div> Kubrick's decision to avoid the fanciful portrayals of space found in standard popular science fiction films of the time led him to seek more realistic and accurate depictions of space travel. Illustrators such as <a href="/wiki/Chesley_Bonestell" title="Chesley Bonestell">Chesley Bonestell</a>, Roy Carnon, and Richard McKenna were hired to produce concept drawings, sketches, and paintings of the space technology seen in the film.<a href="#cite_note-scienceandfilm.org-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Two educational films, the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a>'s 1960 animated short documentary <a href="/wiki/Universe_(1960_film)" title="Universe (1960 film)">Universe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a> film <a href="/wiki/To_the_Moon_and_Beyond" title="To the Moon and Beyond">To the Moon and Beyond</a>, were major influences.<a href="#cite_note-scienceandfilm.org-18">[18]</a> According to biographer Vincent LoBrutto, Universe was a visual inspiration to Kubrick.<a href="#cite_note-Stanley_Kubrick-20">[20]</a> The 29-minute film, which had also proved popular at <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> for its realistic portrayal of outer space, met "the standard of dynamic visionary realism that he was looking for". Wally Gentleman, one of the special-effects artists on Universe, worked briefly on 2001. Kubrick also asked Universe co-director <a href="/wiki/Colin_Low_(filmmaker)" title="Colin Low (filmmaker)">Colin Low</a> about animation camerawork, with Low recommending British mathematician Brian Salt, with whom Low and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Kroitor" title="Roman Kroitor">Roman Kroitor</a> had previously worked on the 1957 still-animation documentary <a href="/wiki/City_of_Gold_(1957_film)" title="City of Gold (1957 film)">City of Gold</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Graham-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evans-22">[22]</a> Universe's narrator, actor <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rain" title="Douglas Rain">Douglas Rain</a>, was cast as the voice of HAL.<a href="#cite_note-Lacey-23">[23]</a> For the role of Heywood Floyd, MGM suggested casting a well-known actor such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> or <a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> After pre-production had begun, Kubrick saw To the Moon and Beyond, a film shown in the Transportation and Travel building at the <a href="/wiki/1964_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 World's Fair">1964 World's Fair</a>. It was filmed in Cinerama 360 and shown in the "Moon Dome". Kubrick hired the company that produced it, Graphic Films Corporation—which had been making films for NASA, the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air force">US Air Force</a>, and various aerospace clients—as a design consultant. Graphic Films' Con Pederson, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Novros" title="Lester Novros">Lester Novros</a>, and background artist <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a> airmailed research-based concept sketches and notes covering the mechanics and physics of space travel, and created <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboards</a> for the space flight sequences in 2001. Trumbull became a special effects supervisor on 2001.<a href="#cite_note-scienceandfilm.org-18">[18]</a> Although Trumbull's association with Kubrick was a huge boost for his career, he swore afterwards that he would "never work for someone else again", in part because Kubrick "was a hell of a taskmaster ... his level of quality-control bordered on perfectionism." The film would eventually earn an Oscar for best special effects, but the award went solely to Kubrick, with Trumbull receiving none of the accolade for his work. This led to threats of legal action and the two men did not speak for a decade. Trumbull said after Kubrick's death that he "was a genius", someone whom Trumbull missed terribly.<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[25]</a> (The credits for 2001 listed four effects contributors, including Trumbull. However, according to the rules of the Academy in effect at the time, only three persons could be nominated for their work on a single film, which would have resulted in the omission of either Trumbull, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Howard_(special_effects)" title="Tom Howard (special effects)">Tom Howard</a>, Con Pederson or Wally Veevers. Ultimately, it was Kubrick's name that was submitted as a nominee in this category, resulting in his winning the award, which many consider a slight to the four men whose work contributed to the film's success.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)#Differences_from_the_film" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)">Differences between the film and the novel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg/220px-Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg/330px-Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg/440px-Arthur_C._Clarke_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>Arthur C. Clarke in 1965, photographed in the Discovery's pod bay</figcaption></figure> Searching for a collaborator in the <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> community for the writing of the script, Kubrick was advised by a mutual acquaintance, Columbia Pictures staff member <a href="/wiki/Roger_A._Caras" title="Roger A. Caras">Roger Caras</a>, to talk to writer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>, who lived in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>. Although convinced that Clarke was "a recluse, a nut who lives in a tree", Kubrick allowed Caras to cable the film proposal to Clarke. Clarke's cabled response stated that he was "frightfully interested in working with [that] enfant terrible", and added "what makes Kubrick think I'm a recluse?"<a href="#cite_note-Stanley_Kubrick-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Meeting for the first time at <a href="/wiki/Trader_Vic%27s" title="Trader Vic's">Trader Vic's</a> in New York on 22 April 1964, the two began discussing the project that would take up the next four years of their lives.<a href="#cite_note-Clarke-28">[28]</a> Clarke kept a diary throughout his involvement with 2001, excerpts of which were published in 1972 as <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Worlds_of_2001" title="The Lost Worlds of 2001">The Lost Worlds of 2001</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Kubrick told Clarke he wanted to make a film about "Man's relationship to the universe",<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and was, in Clarke's words, "determined to create a work of art which would arouse the emotions of wonder, awe ... even, if appropriate, terror".<a href="#cite_note-Clarke-28">[28]</a> Clarke offered Kubrick six of his short stories, and by May 1964, Kubrick had chosen "<a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(short_story)" title="The Sentinel (short story)">The Sentinel</a>" as the source material for the film. In search of more material to expand the film's plot, the two spent the rest of 1964 reading books on science and anthropology, screening science fiction films, and brainstorming ideas.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> They created the plot for 2001 by integrating several different short story plots written by Clarke, along with new plot segments requested by Kubrick for the film development, and then combined them all into a single script for 2001.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">[33]</a> Clarke said that his 1953 story "<a href="/wiki/Encounter_in_the_Dawn" title="Encounter in the Dawn">Encounter in the Dawn</a>" inspired the film's "Dawn of Man" sequence.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Kubrick and Clarke privately referred to the project as How the Solar System Was Won, a reference to how it was a follow-on to MGM's Cinerama epic How the West Was Won.<a href="#cite_note-Baxter-13">[13]</a> On 23 February 1965, Kubrick issued a press release announcing the title as Journey Beyond The Stars.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Other titles considered included Universe, Tunnel to the Stars, and Planetfall. Expressing his high expectations for the thematic importance which he associated with the film, in April 1965, eleven months after they began working on the project, Kubrick selected 2001: A Space Odyssey; Clarke said the title was "entirely" Kubrick's idea.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Intending to set the film apart from the "monsters-and-sex" type of science-fiction films of the time, Kubrick used <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="The Odyssey">The Odyssey</a> as both a model of literary merit and a source of inspiration for the title. Kubrick said, "It occurred to us that for the Greeks the vast stretches of the sea must have had the same sort of mystery and remoteness that space has for our generation."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> How much would we appreciate <a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">La Gioconda</a> today if <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo</a> had written at the bottom of the canvas: "This lady is smiling slightly because she has rotten teeth"—or "because she's hiding a secret from her lover"? It would shut off the viewer's appreciation and shackle him to a reality other than his own. I don't want that to happen to 2001. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Stanley Kubrick, <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a>, 1968<a href="#cite_note-auto-38">[38]</a></cite></div> </div> Originally, Kubrick and Clarke had planned to develop a <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)">2001 novel</a> first, free of the constraints of film, and then write the screenplay. They planned the writing credits to be "Screenplay by Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, based on a novel by Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick" to reflect their preeminence in their respective fields.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In practice, the screenplay developed in parallel with the novel, with only some elements being common to both. In a 1970 interview, Kubrick said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">There are a number of differences between the book and the movie. The novel, for example, attempts to explain things much more explicitly than the film does, which is inevitable in a verbal medium. The novel came about after we did a 130-page prose treatment of the film at the very outset. ... Arthur took all the existing material, plus an impression of some of the rushes, and wrote the novel. As a result, there's a difference between the novel and the film ... I think that the divergences between the two works are interesting.<a href="#cite_note-Gelmis-40">[40]</a></blockquote> In the end, Clarke and Kubrick wrote parts of the novel and screenplay simultaneously, with the film version being released before the book version was published. Clarke opted for clearer explanations of the mysterious monolith and Star Gate in the novel; Kubrick made the film more cryptic by minimising dialogue and explanation.<a href="#cite_note-krusch-41">[41]</a> Kubrick said the film is "basically a visual, nonverbal experience" that "hits the viewer at an inner level of consciousness, just as music does, or painting".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The screenplay credits were shared whereas the 2001 novel, released shortly after the film, was attributed to Clarke alone. Clarke wrote later that "the nearest approximation to the complicated truth" is that the screenplay should be credited to "Kubrick and Clarke" and the novel to "Clarke and Kubrick".<a href="#cite_note-Clarke_pp.31-38-43">[43]</a> Early reports about tensions involved in the writing of the film script appeared to reach a point where Kubrick was allegedly so dissatisfied with the collaboration that he approached other writers who could replace Clarke, including <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._G._Ballard" title="J. G. Ballard">J. G. Ballard</a>. But they felt it would be disloyal to accept Kubrick's offer.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Benson_(filmmaker)" title="Michael Benson (filmmaker)">Michael Benson</a>'s 2018 book Space Odyssey: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, and the Making of a Masterpiece, the actual relationship between Clarke and Kubrick was more complex, involving an extended interaction of Kubrick's multiple requests for Clarke to write new plot lines for various segments of the film, which Clarke was expected to withhold from publication until after the release of the film while receiving advances on his salary from Kubrick during film production. Clarke agreed to this, though apparently he did make several requests for Kubrick to allow him to develop his new plot lines into separate publishable stories while film production continued, which Kubrick consistently denied based on Clarke's contractual obligation to withhold publication until release of the film.<a href="#cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">[33]</a> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> wrote in his 1973 book <a href="/wiki/The_Cosmic_Connection" title="The Cosmic Connection">The Cosmic Connection</a> that Clarke and Kubrick had asked him how to best depict <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Extraterrestrial intelligence">extraterrestrial intelligence</a>. While acknowledging Kubrick's desire to use actors to portray humanoid aliens for convenience's sake, Sagan argued that alien life forms were unlikely to bear any resemblance to terrestrial life, and that to do so would introduce "at least an element of falseness" to the film. Sagan proposed that the film should simply suggest extraterrestrial <a href="/wiki/Superintelligence" title="Superintelligence">superintelligence</a>, rather than depict it. He attended the premiere and was "pleased to see that I had been of some help".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Sagan had met with Clarke and Kubrick only once, in 1964; and Kubrick subsequently directed several attempts to portray credible aliens, only to abandon the idea near the end of post-production. Benson asserts it is unlikely that Sagan's advice had any direct influence.<a href="#cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">[33]</a> Kubrick hinted at the nature of the mysterious unseen alien race in 2001 by suggesting that given millions of years of evolution, they progressed from biological beings to "immortal machine entities" and then into "beings of pure energy and spirit" with "limitless capabilities and ungraspable intelligence".<a href="#cite_note-Playboy-46">[46]</a> In a 1980 interview (not released during Kubrick's lifetime), Kubrick explains one of the film's closing scenes, where Bowman is depicted in old age after his journey through the Star Gate: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The idea was supposed to be that he is taken in by godlike entities, creatures of pure energy and intelligence with no shape or form. They put him in what I suppose you could describe as a human zoo to study him, and his whole life passes from that point on in that room. And he has no sense of time. ... [W]hen they get finished with him, as happens in so many myths of all cultures in the world, he is transformed into some kind of super being and sent back to Earth, transformed and made some kind of superman. We have to only guess what happens when he goes back. It is the pattern of a great deal of mythology, and that is what we were trying to suggest.<a href="#cite_note-SF-20180706-47">[47]</a></blockquote> The script went through many stages. In early 1965, when backing was secured for the film, Clarke and Kubrick still had no firm idea of what would happen to Bowman after the Star Gate sequence. Initially all of Discovery's astronauts were to survive the journey; by 3 October, Clarke and Kubrick had decided to make Bowman the sole survivor and have him regress to infancy. By 17 October, Kubrick had come up with what Clarke called a "wild idea of slightly <a href="/wiki/Fagging" title="Fagging">fag</a> robots who create a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> environment to put our heroes at their ease".<a href="#cite_note-Clarke_pp.31-38-43">[43]</a> HAL 9000 was originally named Athena after the <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Greek goddess of wisdom</a> and had a feminine voice and persona.<a href="#cite_note-Clarke_pp.31-38-43">[43]</a> Early drafts included a prologue containing interviews with scientists about extraterrestrial life,<a href="#cite_note-Agel_p.48-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Voice-over" title="Voice-over">voice-over</a> narration (a feature in all of Kubrick's previous films),<a href="#cite_note-50">[a]</a> a stronger emphasis on the prevailing Cold War <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_terror" title="Balance of terror">balance of terror</a>, and a different and more explicitly explained breakdown for HAL.<a href="#cite_note-visual-memory_a-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_Novel-52">[51]</a> Other changes include a different monolith for the "Dawn of Man" sequence, discarded when early prototypes reflected light poorly; the use of Saturn as the final destination of the Discovery mission rather than Jupiter, discarded when the special effects team could not develop a convincing rendition of <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturn's rings</a>; and the finale of the Star Child exploding nuclear weapons carried by Earth-orbiting satellites,<a href="#cite_note-Clarke_Novel-52">[51]</a> which Kubrick discarded for its similarity to his previous film, Dr. Strangelove.<a href="#cite_note-Agel_p.48-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clarke_Novel-52">[51]</a> The finale and many of the other discarded screenplay ideas survived in Clarke's novel.<a href="#cite_note-Clarke_Novel-52">[51]</a> Kubrick made further changes to make the film more nonverbal, to communicate on a visual and visceral level rather than through conventional narrative.<a href="#cite_note-auto-38">[38]</a> By the time shooting began, Kubrick had removed much of the dialogue and narration.<a href="#cite_note-Walker_1971_251-53">[52]</a> Long periods without dialogue permeate the film: the film has no dialogue for roughly the first and last twenty minutes,<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a> as well as for the 10 minutes from Floyd's Moonbus landing near the monolith until Poole watches a BBC newscast on Discovery. What dialogue remains is notable for its banality (making the computer HAL seem to have more emotion than the humans) when juxtaposed with the epic space scenes.<a href="#cite_note-Walker_1971_251-53">[52]</a> Vincent LoBrutto wrote that Clarke's novel has its own "strong narrative structure" and precision, while the narrative of the film remains symbolic, in accord with Kubrick's final intentions.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> began on 29 December 1965, in Stage H at Shepperton Studios, <a href="/wiki/Shepperton" title="Shepperton">Shepperton</a>, England. The studio was chosen because it could house the 60-by-120-by-60-foot (18 m × 37 m × 18 m) pit for the <a href="/wiki/Tycho_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tycho (crater)">Tycho</a> crater excavation scene, the first to be shot. In January 1966, the production moved to the smaller MGM-British Studios in <a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a>, where the live-action and special-effects filming was done, starting with the scenes involving Floyd on the Orion spaceplane;<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> it was described as a "huge throbbing nerve center ... with much the same frenetic atmosphere as a Cape Kennedy blockhouse during the final stages of Countdown."<a href="#cite_note-filming_2001-57">[56]</a> The only scene not filmed in a studio—and the last live-action scene shot for the film—was the skull-smashing sequence, in which Moonwatcher (Richter) wields his newfound bone "weapon-tool" against a pile of nearby animal bones. A small elevated platform was built in a field near the studio so that the camera could shoot upward with the sky as background, avoiding cars and trucks passing by in the distance.<a href="#cite_note-Richter_2002-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> The Dawn of Man sequence that opens the film was shot at Borehamwood with <a href="/wiki/John_Alcott" title="John Alcott">John Alcott</a> as cinematographer after <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Unsworth" title="Geoffrey Unsworth">Geoffrey Unsworth</a> left to work on other projects.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-front_projection-61">[60]</a> The still photographs used as backgrounds for the Dawn of Man sequence were taken at the <a href="/wiki/Spitzkoppe" title="Spitzkoppe">Spitzkoppe</a> mountains in what was then <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chiasson-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-location-63">[62]</a> Filming of actors was completed in September 1967,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> and from June 1966 until March 1968, Kubrick spent most of his time working on the 205 special-effects shots in the film.<a href="#cite_note-Gelmis-40">[40]</a> He ordered the special-effects technicians to use the painstaking process of creating all visual effects seen in the film "<a href="/wiki/In-camera_effect" title="In-camera effect">in camera</a>", avoiding degraded picture quality from the use of <a href="/wiki/Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">blue screen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matte_(filmmaking)" title="Matte (filmmaking)">travelling matte</a> techniques. Although this technique, known as "held takes", resulted in a much better image, it meant exposed film would be stored for long periods of time between shots, sometimes as long as a year.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> In March 1968, Kubrick finished the "pre-premiere" editing of the film, making his final cuts just days before the film's general release in April 1968.<a href="#cite_note-Gelmis-40">[40]</a> The film was announced in 1965 as a "Cinerama"<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> film and was photographed in <a href="/wiki/Super_Panavision_70" title="Super Panavision 70">Super Panavision 70</a> (which uses a 65 mm negative combined with spherical lenses to create an aspect ratio of 2.20:1). It would eventually be released in a "<a href="/wiki/Roadshow_theatrical_release" title="Roadshow theatrical release">roadshow</a>" 70 mm version and a later general release 35 mm version.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Colour processing and 35 mm release prints were done using <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>'s dye transfer process. The 70 mm prints were made by MGM Laboratories, Inc. on <a href="/wiki/Metrocolor" title="Metrocolor">Metrocolor</a>. The production was $4.5 million over the initial $6 million budget and 16 months behind schedule.<a href="#cite_note-budget-69">[68]</a> For the opening sequence involving tribes of apes, professional <a href="/wiki/Mime" class="mw-redirect" title="Mime">mime</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Richter_(actor)" title="Daniel Richter (actor)">Daniel Richter</a> played the lead ape and choreographed the movements of the other man-apes, who were mostly portrayed by his mime troupe.<a href="#cite_note-Richter_2002-58">[57]</a> Kubrick and Clarke consulted <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> on plans for HAL, though plans to use the company's logo never materialised.<a href="#cite_note-Chiasson-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-production">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For cuts made after the film premiered, see the Theatrical run section below.</div> The film was edited before it was publicly screened, cutting out, among other things, a painting class on the lunar base that included Kubrick's daughters, additional scenes of life on the base, and Floyd buying a <a href="/wiki/Galago" title="Galago">bush baby</a> for his daughter from a department store via videophone.<a href="#cite_note-visual-memory-70">[69]</a> A ten-minute black-and-white opening sequence featuring interviews with scientists, including <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> discussing off-Earth life,<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> was removed after an early screening for MGM executives.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(soundtrack)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack)">2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack)</a> and <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(score)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (score)">2001: A Space Odyssey (score)</a></div> From early in production, Kubrick decided that he wanted the film to be a primarily nonverbal experience<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> that did not rely on the traditional techniques of <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> cinema, and in which music would play a vital role in evoking particular moods. About half the music in the film appears either before the first line of dialogue or after the final line. Almost no music is heard during scenes with dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-LoBrutto-74">[73]</a> The film is notable for its innovative use of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> taken from existing commercial recordings. Most feature films, then and now, are typically accompanied by elaborate <a href="/wiki/Film_scores" class="mw-redirect" title="Film scores">film scores</a> or songs written specially for them by professional composers. In the early stages of production, Kubrick commissioned a <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(score)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (score)">score for 2001</a> from Hollywood composer <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a>, who had written the score for <a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a> and also had worked on Dr. Strangelove.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> During post-production, Kubrick chose to abandon North's music in favour of the classical pieces which he had earlier chosen to guide North's score. North did not know that his score had been abandoned in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Temp_track" title="Temp track">temporary music</a> pieces until he saw the film at its premiere.<a href="#cite_note-LoBrutto-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_visual_effects">Design and visual effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Design and visual effects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Technologies_in_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey">Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costumes_and_set_design">Costumes and set design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Costumes and set design">edit</a>]</div> Kubrick involved himself in every aspect of production, even choosing the fabric for his actors' costumes,<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> and selecting notable pieces of contemporary furniture for use in the film. When Floyd exits the Space Station 5 elevator, he is greeted by an attendant seated behind a slightly modified <a href="/wiki/George_Nelson_(designer)" title="George Nelson (designer)">George Nelson</a> Action Office desk from <a href="/wiki/Herman_Miller_(office_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Miller (office equipment)">Herman Miller</a>'s 1964 "<a href="/wiki/Action_Office" title="Action Office">Action Office</a>" series.<a href="#cite_note-78">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[c]</a> Danish designer <a href="/wiki/Arne_Jacobsen" title="Arne Jacobsen">Arne Jacobsen</a> designed the cutlery used by the Discovery astronauts in the film.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> Other examples of modern furniture in the film are the bright red <a href="/wiki/Djinn_chair" title="Djinn chair">Djinn chairs</a> seen prominently throughout the space station<a href="#cite_note-Phil_Patton-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fiell2005-85">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a>'s 1956 pedestal tables. <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Mourgue" title="Olivier Mourgue">Olivier Mourgue</a>, designer of the Djinn chair, has used the connection to 2001 in his advertising; a frame from the film's space station sequence and three production stills appear on the homepage of Mourgue's website.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Shortly before Kubrick's death, film critic <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Walker_(critic)" title="Alexander Walker (critic)">Alexander Walker</a> informed Kubrick of Mourgue's use of the film, joking to him "You're keeping the price up."<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> Commenting on their use in the film, Walker writes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Everyone recalls one early sequence in the film, the space hotel, primarily because the custom-made Olivier Mourgue furnishings, those foam-filled sofas, undulant and serpentine, are covered in scarlet fabric and are the first stabs of colour one sees. They resemble Rorschach "blots" against the pristine purity of the rest of the lobby.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a></blockquote> Detailed instructions in relatively small print for various technological devices appear at several points in the film, the most visible of which are the lengthy instructions for the zero-gravity toilet on the Aries Moon shuttle. Similar detailed instructions for replacing the <a href="/wiki/Explosive_bolts" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive bolts">explosive bolts</a> also appear on the hatches of the EVA pods, most visibly in close-up just before Bowman's pod leaves the ship to rescue Poole.<a href="#cite_note-90">[d]</a> The film features an extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Eurostile" title="Eurostile">Eurostile</a> Bold Extended, <a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Sans_serif" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans serif">sans serif</a> <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> as design elements of the 2001 world.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Computer displays show high-resolution fonts, colour, and graphics that were far in advance of what most computers were capable of in the 1960s, when the film was made.<a href="#cite_note-Agel-321-324-89">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_of_the_monolith">Design of the monolith</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Design of the monolith">edit</a>]</div> Kubrick was personally involved in the design of the monolith and its form for the film. The first design for the monolith for the 2001 film was a transparent <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedral</a> pyramid. This was taken from the short story "The Sentinel" that the first story was based on.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> A London firm was approached by Kubrick to provide a 12-foot (3.7 m) transparent <a href="/wiki/Plexiglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Plexiglass">plexiglass</a> pyramid, and due to construction constraints they recommended a flat slab shape. Kubrick approved, but was disappointed with the glassy appearance of the transparent prop on set, leading art director Anthony Masters to suggest making the monolith's surface matte black.<a href="#cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models">Models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Models">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_(7527338298).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg/220px-Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg/330px-Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg/440px-Stanley_Kubrick_in_EYE_%287527338298%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Modern replica of the Discovery One spaceship model</figcaption></figure> To heighten the reality of the film, intricate models of the various spacecraft and locations were built. Their sizes ranged from about two-foot-long models of satellites and the Aries translunar shuttle up to the 55-foot (17 m)-long model of the Discovery One spacecraft. "In-camera" techniques were again used as much as possible to combine models and background shots together to prevent degradation of the image through duplication.<a href="#cite_note-online_excerpt-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> In shots where there was no perspective change, still shots of the models were photographed and positive paper prints were made. The image of the model was cut out of the photographic print and mounted on glass and filmed on an <a href="/wiki/Animation_stand" title="Animation stand">animation stand</a>. The undeveloped film was re-wound to film the star background with the silhouette of the model photograph acting as a matte to block out where the spaceship image was.<a href="#cite_note-online_excerpt-94">[90]</a> Shots where the spacecraft had parts in motion or the perspective changed were shot by directly filming the model. For most shots the model was stationary and camera was driven along a track on a special mount, the motor of which was mechanically linked to the camera motor—making it possible to repeat camera moves and match speeds exactly. Elements of the scene were recorded on the same piece of film in separate passes to combine the lit model, stars, planets, or other spacecraft in the same shot. In moving shots of the long Discovery One spacecraft, in order to keep the entire model in focus (and preserve its sense of scale), the camera's aperture was stopped down for maximum depth-of-field, and each frame was exposed for several seconds.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._112-113-96">[92]</a> Many matting techniques were tried to block out the stars behind the models, with film makers sometimes resorting to hand-tracing frame by frame around the image of the spacecraft (<a href="/wiki/Rotoscoping" title="Rotoscoping">rotoscoping</a>) to create the matte.<a href="#cite_note-online_excerpt-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._113–117-97">[93]</a> Some shots required exposing the film again to record previously filmed live-action shots of the people appearing in the windows of the spacecraft or structures. This was achieved by projecting the window action onto the models in a separate camera pass or, when two-dimensional photographs were used, projecting from the backside through a hole cut in the photograph.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._112-113-96">[92]</a> All of the shots required multiple takes so that some film could be developed and printed to check exposure, density, alignment of elements, and to supply footage used for other photographic effects, such as for matting.<a href="#cite_note-online_excerpt-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._113–117-97">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotating_sets">Rotating sets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rotating sets">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_CENTRIFUGE_SET.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/2001_CENTRIFUGE_SET.jpg/220px-2001_CENTRIFUGE_SET.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/2001_CENTRIFUGE_SET.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>The "centrifuge" set used for filming scenes depicting interior of the spaceship Discovery</figcaption></figure> For spacecraft interior shots, ostensibly containing a giant centrifuge that produces <a href="/wiki/Rotational_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational gravity">artificial gravity</a>, Kubrick had a 30-short-ton (27 t) rotating "ferris wheel" built by <a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers-Armstrong">Vickers-Armstrong</a> Engineering Group at a cost of $750,000 (equivalent to $6,600,000 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-98">[94]</a>). The set was 38 feet (12 m) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Various scenes in the Discovery centrifuge were shot by securing set pieces within the wheel, then rotating it while the actor walked or ran in sync with its motion, keeping him at the bottom of the wheel as it turned. The camera could be fixed to the inside of the rotating wheel to show the actor walking completely "around" the set, or mounted in such a way that the wheel rotated independently of the stationary camera, as in the jogging scene where the camera appears to alternately precede and follow the running actor.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001_138–144-100">[96]</a> The shots where the actors appear on opposite sides of the wheel required one of the actors to be strapped securely into place at the "top" of the wheel as it moved to allow the other actor to walk to the "bottom" of the wheel to join him. The most notable case is when Bowman enters the centrifuge from the central hub on a ladder and joins Poole, who is eating on the other side of the centrifuge. This required Gary Lockwood to be strapped into a seat while Keir Dullea walked toward him from the opposite side of the wheel as it turned with him.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony_2001_138–144-100">[96]</a> Another rotating set appeared in an earlier sequence on board the Aries trans-lunar shuttle. A stewardess is shown preparing in-flight meals, then carrying them into a circular walkway. Attached to the set as it rotates 180 degrees, the camera's point of view remains constant, and she appears to walk up the "side" of the circular walkway, and steps, now in an "upside-down" orientation, into a connecting hallway.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zero-gravity_effects">Zero-gravity effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Zero-gravity effects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey,_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg/220px-Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg/330px-Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg/440px-Photo_A_scene_from_2001._A_Space_Odyssey%2C_a_1968_film_directed_by_Stanley_Kubrick_1968_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_0826.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3747" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Zero-gravity effect</figcaption></figure> The realistic-looking effects of the astronauts floating weightless in space and inside the spacecraft were accomplished by suspending the actors from wires attached to the top of the set and placing the camera beneath them. The actors' bodies blocked the camera's view of the wires and appeared to float. For the shot of Poole floating into the pod's arms during Bowman's recovery of him, a stuntman on a wire portrayed the movements of an unconscious man and was shot in slow motion to enhance the illusion of drifting through space.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> The scene showing Bowman entering the emergency airlock from the EVA pod was done similarly: an off-camera stagehand, standing on a platform, held the wire suspending Dullea above the camera positioned at the bottom of the vertically oriented airlock. At the proper moment, the stage-hand first loosened his grip on the wire, causing Dullea to fall toward the camera, then, while holding the wire firmly, jumped off the platform, causing Dullea to ascend back toward the hatch.<a href="#cite_note-2001:A_Space_Odyssey-103">[99]</a> The methods used were alleged to have placed stuntman <a href="/wiki/Bill_Weston_(actor)" title="Bill Weston (actor)">Bill Weston</a>'s life in danger. Weston recalled that he filmed one sequence without air-holes in his suit, risking asphyxiation. "Even when the tank was feeding air into the suit, there was no place for the carbon dioxide Weston exhaled to go. So it simply built up inside, incrementally causing a heightened heart rate, rapid breathing, fatigue, clumsiness, and eventually, unconsciousness."<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> Weston said Kubrick was warned "we've got to get him back" but reportedly replied, "Damn it, we just started. Leave him up there! Leave him up there!"<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> When Weston lost consciousness, filming ceased, and he was brought down. "They brought the tower in, and I went looking for Stanley, ... I was going to shove MGM right up his ... And the thing is, Stanley had left the studio and sent Victor [Lyndon, the associate producer] to talk to me." Weston claimed Kubrick fled the studio for "two or three days. ... I know he didn't come in the next day, and I'm sure it wasn't the day after. Because I was going to do him."<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Star_Gate"_sequence">"Star Gate" sequence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Star Gate" sequence">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_space_travel.ogv" title="File:2001 space travel.ogv">Special effects in 2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1:56)</div> <div><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/2001_space_travel.ogv/215px--2001_space_travel.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" height="121" data-durationhint="117" data-mwtitle="2001_space_travel.ogv" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/2001_space_travel.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/fa/2001_space_travel.ogv/2001_space_travel.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/fa/2001_space_travel.ogv/2001_space_travel.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/fa/2001_space_travel.ogv/2001_space_travel.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A2001_space_travel.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></div> <div class="description">During the "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite" sequence, Bowman takes a trip through the "Star Gate" that involves the innovative use of slit-scan photography to create the visual effects.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The coloured lights in the Star Gate sequence were accomplished by <a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">slit-scan photography</a> of thousands of high-contrast images on film, including <a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a> paintings, architectural drawings, <a href="/wiki/Moir%C3%A9_pattern" title="Moiré pattern">Moiré patterns</a>, printed circuits, and electron-microscope photographs of molecular and crystal structures. Known to staff as "Manhattan Project", the shots of various nebula-like phenomena, including the expanding star field, were coloured paints and chemicals swirling in a pool-like device known as a cloud tank, shot in slow motion in a dark room.<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> The live-action landscape shots were filmed in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebridean islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">mountains of northern Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monument_Valley" title="Monument Valley">Monument Valley</a>. The colouring and negative-image effects were achieved with different colour filters in the process of making duplicate negatives in an <a href="/wiki/Optical_printer" title="Optical printer">optical printer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_effects">Visual effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Visual effects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MatchCut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/MatchCut.JPG/240px-MatchCut.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/45/MatchCut.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A bone-club and orbiting satellite are juxtaposed in the film's famous <a href="/wiki/Match_cut" title="Match cut">match cut</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Not one foot of this film was made with computer-generated special effects. Everything you see in this film or saw in this film was done physically or chemically, one way or the other.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Keir Dullea (2014)<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a></cite></div></blockquote> 2001 contains a famous example of a <a href="/wiki/Match_cut" title="Match cut">match cut</a>, a type of cut in which two shots are matched by action or subject matter.<a href="#cite_note-dictionary-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zizek-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> After Moonwatcher uses a bone to kill another ape at the watering hole, he throws it triumphantly into the air; as the bone spins in the air, the film cuts to an orbiting satellite, marking the end of the prologue.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> The match cut draws a connection between the two objects as exemplars of primitive and advanced tools respectively, and demonstrates humanity's technological progress since the time of early hominids.<a href="#cite_note-filmjournal-115">[111]</a> 2001 pioneered the use of <a href="/wiki/Front_projection_effect" title="Front projection effect">front projection</a> with <a href="/wiki/Retroreflective" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroreflective">retroreflective</a> matting. Kubrick used the technique to produce the backdrops in the Africa scenes and the scene when astronauts walk on the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-front_projection-61">[60]</a> The technique consisted of a separate scenery projector set at a right angle to the camera and a half-silvered mirror placed at an angle in front that reflected the projected image forward in line with the camera lens onto a backdrop of retroreflective material. The reflective directional screen behind the actors could reflect light from the projected image 100 times more efficiently than the foreground subject did. The lighting of the foreground subject had to be balanced with the image from the screen, so that the part of the scenery image that fell on the foreground subject was too faint to show on the finished film. The exception was the eyes of the <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a> in the "Dawn of Man" sequence, which glowed due to the projector illumination. Kubrick described this as "a happy accident".<a href="#cite_note-Herb_A._Lightman_page2-117">[113]</a> Front projection had been used in smaller settings before 2001, mostly for still photography or television production, using small still images and projectors. The expansive backdrops for the African scenes required a screen 40 feet (12 m) tall and 110 feet (34 m) wide, far larger than had been used before. When the reflective material was applied to the backdrop in 100-foot (30 m) strips, variations at the seams of the strips led to visual artefacts; to solve this, the crew tore the material into smaller chunks and applied them in a random "camouflage" pattern on the backdrop. The existing projectors using 4-by-5-inch (10 cm × 13 cm) transparencies resulted in grainy images when projected that large, so the crew worked with MGM's special-effects supervisor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Howard_(special_effects)" title="Tom Howard (special effects)">Tom Howard</a> to build a custom projector using 8-by-10-inch (20 cm × 25 cm) transparencies, which required the largest water-cooled arc lamp available.<a href="#cite_note-Herb_A._Lightman_page2-117">[113]</a> The technique was used widely in the film industry thereafter until it was replaced by blue/green screen systems in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Herb_A._Lightman_page2-117">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soundtrack">edit</a>]</div> The initial MGM soundtrack album release contained none of the material from the altered and uncredited rendition of Ligeti's Aventures used in the film, but used a different recording of <a href="/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra" title="Also sprach Zarathustra">Also sprach Zarathustra</a> (performed by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm">Karl Böhm</a>) from that heard in the film, and a longer excerpt of <a href="/wiki/Lux_Aeterna_(Ligeti)" title="Lux Aeterna (Ligeti)">Lux Aeterna</a> than in the film.<a href="#cite_note-La_revolution-118">[114]</a> In 1996, Turner Entertainment/<a href="/wiki/Rhino_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhino Records">Rhino Records</a> released a new soundtrack on CD that included the film's rendition of "Aventures", the version of "Zarathustra" used in the film, and the shorter version of Lux Aeterna from the film. As additional "bonus tracks" at the end, the CD includes the versions of "Zarathustra" and Lux Aeterna on the old MGM soundtrack album, an unaltered performance of "Aventures", and a nine-minute compilation of all of HAL's dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-La_revolution-118">[114]</a> Alex North's unused music was first released in Telarc's issue of the main theme on Hollywood's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2, a compilation album by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Pops_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Pops Orchestra">Cincinnati Pops Orchestra</a>. All of the music North originally wrote was recorded commercially by his friend and colleague <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goldsmith" title="Jerry Goldsmith">Jerry Goldsmith</a> with the <a href="/wiki/National_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="National Philharmonic Orchestra">National Philharmonic Orchestra</a> and released on <a href="/wiki/Var%C3%A8se_Sarabande" title="Varèse Sarabande">Varèse Sarabande</a> CDs shortly after Telarc's first theme release and before North's death. Eventually, a mono mix-down of North's original recordings was released as a limited-edition CD by <a href="/wiki/Intrada_Records" title="Intrada Records">Intrada Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burt1995-119">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatrical_run_and_post-premiere_cuts">Theatrical run and post-premiere cuts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Theatrical run and post-premiere cuts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm/350px-seek%3D24-2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="350" height="153" data-durationhint="212" data-mwtitle="2001_A_Space_Odyssey_(1968)_-_Trailer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:2001_A_Space_Odyssey_(1968)_-_Trailer.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="640" data-height="280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="112" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm/2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="186" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A2001_A_Space_Odyssey_%281968%29_-_Trailer.webm&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Original <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(promotion)" title="Trailer (promotion)">trailer</a> for 2001: A Space Odyssey.</figcaption></figure> The film was originally scheduled for a Christmas 1966 release, but was later delayed to early 1967, then later to October 1967.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> The film's world <a href="/wiki/Premiere" title="Premiere">premiere</a> was on 2 April 1968,<a href="#cite_note-NUM-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-RT-122">[118]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theater_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)">Uptown Theater</a> in Washington, D.C.,<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> with a 160-minute cut.<a href="#cite_note-AFI-124">[120]</a> It opened the next day at the <a href="/wiki/Loew%27s_Capitol_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Loew's Capitol Theatre">Loew's Capitol</a> in New York and the following day at the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Hollywood_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Hollywood Theatre">Warner Hollywood Theatre</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-AFI-124">[120]</a> The original version was also shown in Boston. Kubrick and editor Ray Lovejoy edited the film between 5 and 9 April 1968. Kubrick's rationale for trimming the film was to tighten the narrative. Reviews suggested the film suffered from its departure from traditional cinematic storytelling.<a href="#cite_note-Frederick-125">[121]</a> Kubrick said, "I didn't believe that the trims made a critical difference. ... The people who like it like it no matter what its length, and the same holds true for the people who hate it."<a href="#cite_note-visual-memory-70">[69]</a> The cut footage is reported as being 19<a href="#cite_note-trim-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> or 17<a href="#cite_note-WarnersCut-128">[124]</a> minutes long. It includes scenes revealing details about life on Discovery: additional space walks, Bowman retrieving a spare part from an octagonal corridor, elements from the Poole murder sequence—including space-walk preparation and HAL turning off radio contact with Poole—and a close-up of Bowman picking up a slipper during his walk in the alien room.<a href="#cite_note-visual-memory-70">[69]</a> Jerome Agel describes the cut scenes as comprising "Dawn of Man, Orion, Poole exercising in the centrifuge, and Poole's pod exiting from Discovery."<a href="#cite_note-auto3-129">[125]</a> The new cut was approximately 139 minutes long.<a href="#cite_note-nyt_review-2">[2]</a> According to his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Harlan" title="Jan Harlan">Jan Harlan</a>, Kubrick was adamant that the trims were never to be seen and had the negatives, which he had kept in his garage, burned shortly before his death. This was confirmed by former Kubrick assistant <a href="/wiki/Leon_Vitali" title="Leon Vitali">Leon Vitali</a>: "I'll tell you right now, okay, on Clockwork Orange, The Shining, Barry Lyndon, some little parts of 2001, we had thousands of cans of negative outtakes and print, which we had stored in an area at his house where we worked out of, which he personally supervised the loading of it to a truck and then I went down to a big industrial waste lot and burned it. That's what he wanted."<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> However, in December 2010, Douglas Trumbull, the film's visual effects supervisor, announced that <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> had found 17 minutes of lost footage from the post-premiere cuts, "perfectly preserved", in a Kansas <a href="/wiki/Salt_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt mine">salt mine</a> vault used by Warners for storage.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-WarnersCut-128">[124]</a> No plans have been announced for the rediscovered footage.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> The revised version was ready for the expansion of the roadshow release to four other US cities (Chicago, Denver, Detroit and Houston), on 10 April 1968, and internationally in five cities the following day,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-underview-133">[129]</a> where the shortened version was shown in <a href="/wiki/70mm" class="mw-redirect" title="70mm">70mm</a> format in the 2.21:1 <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">aspect ratio</a> and used a six-track stereo magnetic soundtrack.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-129">[125]</a> By the end of May, the film had opened in 22 cities in the United States and Canada and in another 36 in June.<a href="#cite_note-nine-134">[130]</a> The general release of the film in its 35 mm <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a> format took place in autumn 1968 and used either a four-track magnetic stereo soundtrack or an optical monaural one.<a href="#cite_note-in70mm-135">[131]</a> The original 70-millimetre release, like many Super Panavision 70 films of the era such as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(1966_film)" title="Grand Prix (1966 film)">Grand Prix</a>, was advertised as being in "Cinerama" in cinemas equipped with special projection optics and a deeply curved screen. In standard cinemas, the film was identified as a 70-millimetre production. The original release of 2001: A Space Odyssey in 70-millimetre Cinerama with six-track sound played continually for more than a year in several venues, and for 103 weeks in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-in70mm-135">[131]</a> As was typical of many high-budget films of the era, it was released both in a "roadshow" 70 mm version and a later 35 mm general release version. The entrance music, intermission music (and intermission altogether), and exit music were cut from most prints of the latter version, although these have been restored to most DVD releases.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> In its first nine weeks from 22 locations, it grossed $2 million—equivalent to $20.15 million in 2023—in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-nine-134">[130]</a> The film earned $8.5 million in theatrical <a href="/wiki/Gross_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross rental">gross rentals</a> from roadshow engagements throughout 1968,<a href="#cite_note-Hall-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> contributing to North American rentals of $16.4 million and worldwide rentals of $21.9 million during its original release.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> The film's high costs, of approximately $10.5 million,<a href="#cite_note-NUM-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-budget-69">[68]</a> meant that the initial returns from the 1968 release left it $800,000 in the red; but the successful re-release in 1971 made it profitable.<a href="#cite_note-Block_(2010)-141">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Camera-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> By June 1974, the film had rentals from the United States and Canada of $20.3 million (gross of $58 million)<a href="#cite_note-Block_(2010)-141">[137]</a> and international rentals of $7.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-reissue-144">[140]</a> The film had a reissue on a test basis on 24 July 1974 at the <a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Dome" title="Cinerama Dome">Cinerama Dome</a> in Los Angeles and grossed $53,000 in its first week, which led to an expanded reissue.<a href="#cite_note-reissue-144">[140]</a> Further re-releases followed, giving a cumulative gross of over $60 million in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-BOM-145">[141]</a> Taking its re-releases into account, it is the highest-grossing film of 1968 in the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Worldwide, it has grossed $146 million across all releases,<a href="#cite_note-148">[e]</a> although some estimates place the gross higher, at over $190 million.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_Corner-149">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg/220px-Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg/330px-Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg/440px-Walt_Crowley_illustration_for_2001_A_Space_Odyssey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4136" data-file-height="2824" /></a><figcaption>Seattle writer <a href="/wiki/Walt_Crowley" title="Walt Crowley">Walt Crowley</a> drew this cartoon to illustrate his favorable review in the Seattle underground paper <a href="/wiki/Helix_(newspaper)" title="Helix (newspaper)">Helix</a>, in which he accused mainstream critics of "approach[ing] <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a> mentality."<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a></figcaption></figure> 2001: A Space Odyssey polarised critical opinion, receiving both praise and derision, with many New York–based critics being especially harsh. Kubrick called them "dogmatically atheistic and materialistic and earthbound".<a href="#cite_note-THR-151">[146]</a> Some critics viewed the original 161-minute cut shown at premieres in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, New York, and Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> Keir Dullea says that during the New York premiere, 250 people walked out; in L.A., <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a> not only left early but "was heard to mutter, 'What is this bullshit?'"<a href="#cite_note-THR-151">[146]</a> "Will someone tell me what the hell this is about?"<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> "But a few months into the release, they realised a lot of people were watching it while smoking funny cigarettes. Someone in San Francisco even ran right through the screen screaming: 'It's God!' So they came up with a new poster that said: '2001 – the ultimate trip!'"<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> said it was "some kind of great film, and an unforgettable endeavor ... The film is hypnotically entertaining, and it is funny without once being gaggy, but it is also rather harrowing."<a href="#cite_note-Gilliatt-155">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champlin" title="Charles Champlin">Charles Champlin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> wrote that it was "the picture that science fiction fans of every age and in every corner of the world have prayed (sometimes forlornly) that the industry might some day give them. It is an ultimate statement of the science fiction film, an awesome realization of the spatial future ... it is a milestone, a landmark for a spacemark, in the art of film."<a href="#cite_note-Champlin-156">[151]</a> Louise Sweeney of <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a> felt that 2001 was "a brilliant intergalactic satire on modern technology. It's also a dazzling 160-minute tour on the Kubrick filmship through the universe out there beyond our earth."<a href="#cite_note-Sweeney-157">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">Philip French</a> wrote that the film was "perhaps the first multi-million-dollar supercolossal movie since <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Intolerance_(film)" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a> fifty years ago which can be regarded as the work of one man ... Space Odyssey is important as the high-water mark of science-fiction movie making, or at least of the genre's futuristic branch."<a href="#cite_note-French-158">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>'s review called it "the world's most extraordinary film. Nothing like it has ever been shown in Boston before or, for that matter, anywhere ... The film is as exciting as the discovery of a new dimension in life."<a href="#cite_note-Adams-159">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film four stars in his original review, saying the film "succeeds magnificently on a cosmic scale".<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a> He later put it on his Top 10 list for <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> provided at least seven different mini-reviews in various issues in 1968, each slightly more positive than the preceding one; in the final review of 27 December 1968, the magazine called 2001 "an epic film about the history and future of mankind, brilliantly directed by Stanley Kubrick. The special effects are mindblowing."<a href="#cite_note-Unknown-161">[156]</a> Others were unimpressed. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> called it "a monumentally unimaginative movie".<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kauffmann" title="Stanley Kauffmann">Stanley Kauffmann</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> described it as "a film that is so dull, it even dulls our interest in the technical ingenuity for the sake of which Kubrick has allowed it to become dull".<a href="#cite_note-Kauffman_Lost-163">[158]</a> The Soviet director <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andrei Tarkovsky</a> found the film to be an inadequate addition to the science fiction genre of <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Renata_Adler" title="Renata Adler">Renata Adler</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> wrote that it was "somewhere between hypnotic and immensely boring".<a href="#cite_note-Adler-164">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>'s Robert B. Frederick ('Robe') believed it was a "[b]ig, beautiful, but plodding sci-fi epic ... A major achievement in cinematography and special effects, 2001 lacks dramatic appeal to a large degree and only conveys suspense after the halfway mark."<a href="#cite_note-Frederick-125">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> called it "one of the grimmest films I have ever seen in my life ... 2001 is a disaster because it is much too abstract to make its abstract points."<a href="#cite_note-Sarris-165">[160]</a> (Sarris reversed his opinion upon a second viewing, and declared, "2001 is indeed a major work by a major artist."<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a>) <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_(critic)" title="John Simon (critic)">John Simon</a> felt it was "a regrettable failure, although not a total one. This film is fascinating when it concentrates on apes or machines ... and dreadful when it deals with the in-betweens: humans ... 2001, for all its lively visual and mechanical spectacle, is a kind of space-Spartacus and, more pretentious still, a <a href="/wiki/Shaggy_God_story" title="Shaggy God story">shaggy God story</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Simon-167">[162]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.</a> deemed the film "morally pretentious, intellectually obscure and inordinately long ... a film out of control".<a href="#cite_note-myth-168">[163]</a> In a 2001 review, the BBC said that its slow pacing often alienates modern audiences more than it did upon its initial release.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> On review aggregator <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film has a rating of 92% based on 118 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "One of the most influential of all sci-fi films – and one of the most controversial – Stanley Kubrick's 2001 is a delicate, poetic meditation on the ingenuity – and folly – of mankind."<a href="#cite_note-RT-122">[118]</a> Review aggregator <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which uses a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_average" class="mw-redirect" title="Weighted average">weighted average</a>, has assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100, based on 25 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> 2001 was the only science fiction film to make Sight & Sound's <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_%26_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2012" title="The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012">2012 list of the ten best films</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bfi2012-171">[166]</a> and tops the <a href="/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society" title="Online Film Critics Society">Online Film Critics Society</a> list of greatest science fiction films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Editors_Guild" title="Motion Picture Editors Guild">Motion Picture Editors Guild</a> listed it as the 19th best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> Other lists that include the film are <a href="/wiki/50_Films_to_See_Before_You_Die" title="50 Films to See Before You Die">50 Films to See Before You Die</a> (#6), The Village Voice 100 Best Films of the 20th century (#11), and Roger Ebert's Top Ten (1968) (#2). In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> included it in a <a href="/wiki/Vatican%27s_list_of_films" title="Vatican's list of films">list of 45 important films</a>, under the category of "Art".<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a> conducted a reader's poll and 2001: A Space Odyssey was voted as ninth on the list of "greatest films of all time".<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> voted it no. 26 on their list of 100 Greatest Movies of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> magazine's readers' poll ranked it 21st on its list of "The 100 Greatest Movies".<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> In the Sight & Sound poll of 480 directors published in December 2022, 2001: A Space Odyssey was voted as the Greatest Film of All Time, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-S&S2022-179">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_fiction_writers">Science fiction writers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Science fiction writers">edit</a>]</div> The film won the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a>, as voted by science fiction fans and published science-fiction writers.<a href="#cite_note-hugo-180">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> praised the film's photography but disliked the banality of most of the dialogue and believed that the audience does not care when Poole dies.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> Both he and <a href="/wiki/Lester_del_Rey" title="Lester del Rey">Lester del Rey</a> disliked the film's feeling of sterility and blandness in the human encounters amidst the technological wonders, while both praised the pictorial element of the film. Reporting that "half the audience had left by intermission", Del Rey described the film as dull, confusing, and boring ("the first of the <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(science_fiction)" title="New Wave (science fiction)">New Wave</a>-Thing movies, with the usual empty symbols"), predicting "[i]t will probably be a box-office disaster, too, and thus set major science-fiction movie making back another ten years".<a href="#cite_note-delrey196807-182">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a> was impressed by how the film undercuts the audience's normal sense of space and orientation in several ways. Like Bradbury, Delany noticed the banality of the dialogue (he stated that characters say nothing meaningful), but regarded this as a dramatic strength, a prelude to the rebirth at the conclusion of the film.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> Without analysing the film in detail, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> spoke well of it in his autobiography and other essays. <a href="/wiki/James_P._Hogan_(writer)" title="James P. Hogan (writer)">James P. Hogan</a> liked the film but complained that the ending did not make any sense to him, leading to a bet about whether he could write something better: "I stole Arthur's plot idea shamelessly and produced <a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Inherit the Stars">Inherit the Stars</a>."<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Awards and honours">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Category </th> <th scope="col">Nominee(s) </th> <th scope="col">Result </th> <th scope="col">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/41st_Academy_Awards" title="41st Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="4"><a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Story and Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Masters" title="Anthony Masters">Anthony Masters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lange_(film_designer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Lange (film designer)">Harry Lange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Archer_(art_director)" title="Ernest Archer (art director)">Ernest Archer</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Special Visual Effects</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/22nd_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="22nd British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="5"><a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> </td> <td>Anthony Masters, Harry Lange and Ernest Archer </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography">Best Cinematography</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Unsworth" title="Geoffrey Unsworth">Geoffrey Unsworth</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="BAFTA Award for Best Sound">Best Sound Track</a> </td> <td>Winston Ryder </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Nations Award </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_de_Escritores_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficos" title="Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos">Cinema Writers Circle</a> </th> <td>Best Foreign Film </td> <td>2001: A Space Odyssey </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello" title="David di Donatello">David di Donatello</a> Awards </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="David di Donatello for Best Foreign Film">Best Foreign Film</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/21st_Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="21st Directors Guild of America Awards">Directors Guild of America Awards</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Best Dramatic Presentation</a> </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-hugo-180">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Film_Critics_Circle" title="Kansas City Film Critics Circle">Kansas City Film Critics Circle</a> Awards </th> <td>Best Film </td> <td>2001: A Space Odyssey </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Director </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Awards" title="Laurel Awards">Laurel Awards</a> </th> <td>Best Road Show </td> <td>2001: A Space Odyssey </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-laurel-191">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1968" title="National Board of Review Awards 1968">National Board of Review Awards</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1968" title="National Board of Review Awards 1968">Top 10 Films</a> </td> <td>2001: A Space Odyssey </td> <td style="background:#CDE; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-draw">10th place </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Guild_of_Great_Britain" title="Writers' Guild of Great Britain">Writers' Guild of Great Britain</a> Awards </th> <td>Best British Original Screenplay </td> <td>Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-wggb-193">[188]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 1969, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> committee chose 2001 as the American entry at the <a href="/wiki/6th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="6th Moscow International Film Festival">6th Moscow International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moscow1969-194">[189]</a> 2001 is ranked 15th on the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>'s <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">100 Years... 100 Movies</a> list from 2007<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> (up from #22 on AFI's <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">original list from 1998</a>),<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> was no. 40 on its <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Thrills" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills">100 Years... 100 Thrills</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> was included on its <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movie_Quotes" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes">100 Years... 100 Quotes</a> (no. 78 "Open the pod bay doors, HAL."),<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> and HAL 9000 was selected as the 13th greatest villain on AFI's <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_and_Villains" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains">100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains</a> list.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> The film was voted the 47th most inspiring film on the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years..._100_Cheers" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers">100 Years... 100 Cheers</a> list<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> and the no. 1 science fiction film on AFI's <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">10 Top 10</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Interpretations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey">Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey</a></div> Since its premiere, 2001: A Space Odyssey has been analysed and interpreted by professional critics and theorists, amateur writers, and science fiction fans. In his <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> for BFI analysing the film, Peter Krämer summarised the diverse interpretations as ranging from those who saw it as darkly <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">apocalyptic</a> in tone to those who saw it as an optimistic reappraisal of the hopes of mankind and humanity.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-202">[197]</a> Questions about 2001 range from uncertainty about its implications for humanity's origins and destiny in the universe<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> to interpreting elements of the film's more enigmatic scenes, such as the meaning of the monolith, or the fate of astronaut David Bowman. There are also simpler and more mundane questions about the plot, in particular the causes of HAL's breakdown (explained in earlier drafts but kept mysterious in the film).<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-SF-20180706-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-SYFY-20180705-205">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180418-206">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audiences_vs._critics">Audiences vs. critics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Audiences vs. critics">edit</a>]</div> A spectrum of diverse interpretative opinions would form after the film's release, appearing to divide theatre audiences from the opinions of critics. Krämer writes: "Many people sent letters to Kubrick to tell him about their responses to 2001, most of them regarding the film—in particular the ending—as an optimistic statement about humanity, which is seen to be born and reborn. The film's reviewers and academic critics, by contrast, have tended to understand the film as a pessimistic account of human nature and humanity's future. The most extreme of these interpretations state that the foetus floating above the Earth will destroy it."<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png/220px-Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png/330px-Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png/440px-Dr._Strangelove_-_Riding_the_Bomb.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Closing scene of <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> and Kubrick's sardonic fulfilment of a nuclear nightmare</figcaption></figure> Some of the critics' cataclysmic interpretations were informed by Kubrick's prior direction of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> film <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a>, immediately before 2001, which resulted in dark speculation about the nuclear weapons orbiting the Earth in 2001. These interpretations were challenged by Clarke, who said: "Many readers have interpreted the last paragraph of the book to mean that he (the foetus) destroyed Earth, perhaps for the purpose of creating a new Heaven. This idea never occurred to me; it seems clear that he triggered the orbiting nuclear bombs harmlessly ...".<a href="#cite_note-auto1-202">[197]</a> In response to Jeremy Bernstein's dark interpretation of the film's ending, Kubrick said: "The book does not end with the destruction of the Earth."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-202">[197]</a> Regarding the film as a whole, Kubrick encouraged people to make their own interpretations and refused to offer an explanation of "what really happened". In a 1968 interview with <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a>, he said: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">You're free to speculate as you wish about the philosophical and <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> meaning of the film—and such speculation is one indication that it has succeeded in gripping the audience at a deep level—but I don't want to spell out a verbal road map for 2001 that every viewer will feel obligated to pursue or else fear he's missed the point.<a href="#cite_note-Playboy-46">[46]</a></blockquote> In a subsequent discussion of the film with Joseph Gelmis, Kubrick said his main aim was to avoid "intellectual verbalization" and reach "the viewer's subconscious". But he said he did not strive for ambiguity—it was simply an inevitable outcome of making the film nonverbal. Still, he acknowledged this ambiguity was an invaluable asset to the film. He was willing then to give a fairly straightforward explanation of the plot on what he called the "simplest level", but unwilling to discuss the film's metaphysical interpretation, which he felt should be left up to viewers.<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meaning_of_the_monolith">Meaning of the monolith</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Meaning of the monolith">edit</a>]</div> For some readers, Clarke's more straightforward novel based on the script is key to interpreting the film. The novel explicitly identifies the monolith as a tool created by an alien race who have been through many stages of evolution, moving from organic form to biomechanical, and finally achieving a state of pure energy. These aliens travel the cosmos assisting lesser species to take evolutionary steps. Conversely, film critic <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Houston_(film_critic)" title="Penelope Houston (film critic)">Penelope Houston</a> wrote in 1971 that because the novel differs in many key aspects from the film, it perhaps should not be regarded as the skeleton key to unlock it.<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_monolith_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/African_monolith_2001.jpg/220px-African_monolith_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/African_monolith_2001.jpg/330px-African_monolith_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/African_monolith_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Multiple interpretations of the meaning of the monolith have been examined in the critical reception of the film</figcaption></figure> Carolyn Geduld writes that what "structurally unites all four episodes of the film" is the monolith, the film's largest and most unresolvable enigma.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-210">[205]</a> Vincent LoBrutto's biography of Kubrick says that for many, Clarke's novel supplements the understanding of the monolith which is more ambiguously depicted in the film.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> Similarly, Geduld observes that "the monolith ... has a very simple explanation in Clarke's novel", though she later asserts that even the novel does not fully explain the ending.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-210">[205]</a> Bob McClay's <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> review describes a parallel between the monolith's first appearance in which tool usage is imparted to the apes (thus 'beginning' mankind) and the completion of "another evolution" in the fourth and final encounter<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> with the monolith. In a similar vein, Tim Dirks ends his synopsis saying "[t]he cyclical evolution from ape to man to spaceman to angel-starchild-superman is complete."<a href="#cite_note-filmsite.org-213">[208]</a> Humanity's first and second encounters with the monolith have visual elements in common; both the apes, and later the astronauts, touch it gingerly with their hands, and both sequences conclude with near-identical images of the Sun appearing directly over it (the first with a crescent moon adjacent to it in the sky, the second with a near-identical crescent Earth in the same position), echoing the Sun–Earth–Moon <a href="/wiki/Syzygy_(astronomy)" title="Syzygy (astronomy)">alignment</a> seen in the film's opening.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> The second encounter also suggests the triggering of the monolith's radio signal to Jupiter by the presence of humans, echoing the premise of Clarke's source story "The Sentinel".<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> The monolith is the subject of the film's final line of dialogue (spoken at the end of the "Jupiter Mission" segment): "Its origin and purpose still a total mystery." Reviewers McClay and Roger Ebert wrote that the monolith is the main element of mystery in the film; Ebert described "the shock of the monolith's straight edges and square corners among the weathered rocks", and the apes warily circling it as prefiguring man reaching "for the stars".<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a> Patrick Webster suggests the final line relates to how the film should be approached as a whole: "The line appends not merely to the discovery of the monolith on the Moon, but to our understanding of the film in the light of the ultimate questions it raises about the mystery of the universe."<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> According to other scholars, "the monolith is a representation of the actual wideframe cinema screen, rotated 90 degrees ... a symbolic cinema screen".<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> "It is at once a screen and the opposite of a screen, since its black surface only absorbs, and sends nothing out. ... and leads us ... to project ourselves, our emotions."<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""A_new_heaven"">"A new heaven"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: "A new heaven"">edit</a>]</div> Clarke indicated his preferred reading of the ending of 2001 as oriented toward the creation of "a new heaven" provided by the Star Child.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-202">[197]</a> His view was corroborated in a posthumously released interview with Kubrick.<a href="#cite_note-SF-20180706-47">[47]</a> Kubrick says that Bowman is elevated to a higher level of being that represents the next stage of human evolution. The film also conveys what some viewers have described as a sense of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">sublime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numinous" title="Numinous">numinous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a> Ebert writes in his essay on 2001 in <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Movies" title="The Great Movies">The Great Movies</a>: <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2001child2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/09/2001child2.JPG/240px-2001child2.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/09/2001child2.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption>The Star Child looking upon the Earth</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">North's [rejected] score, which is available on a recording, is a good job of film composition, but would have been wrong for 2001 because, like all scores, it attempts to underline the action—to give us emotional cues. The classical music chosen by Kubrick exists outside the action. It uplifts. It wants to be sublime; it brings a seriousness and transcendence to the visuals.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a></blockquote> In a book on architecture, Gregory Caicco writes that Space Odyssey illustrates how the quest for space is motivated by two contradictory desires, a "desire for the sublime" characterised by a need to encounter something totally other than ourselves—"something numinous"—and the conflicting desire for a beauty that makes us feel no longer "lost in space", but at home.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> Similarly, an article in The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, titled "Sense of Wonder", describes how 2001 creates a "numinous sense of wonder" by portraying a universe that inspires a sense of awe but that at the same time we feel we can understand.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> Christopher Palmer wrote that "the sublime and the banal" coexist in the film, as it implies that to get into space, people had to suspend the "sense of wonder" that motivated them to explore it.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HAL's_breakdown">HAL's breakdown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: HAL's breakdown">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey#HAL" title="Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey">HAL</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAL9000_Case.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HAL9000_Case.svg/100px-HAL9000_Case.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HAL9000_Case.svg/150px-HAL9000_Case.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HAL9000_Case.svg/200px-HAL9000_Case.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>One of HAL 9000's interfaces</figcaption></figure> The reasons for HAL's malfunction and subsequent malignant behaviour have elicited much discussion. He has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a>. In Clarke's novel, HAL malfunctions because it has been ordered to lie to the crew of Discovery and withhold confidential information from them, namely the confidentially programmed mission priority over expendable human life, despite being constructed for "the accurate processing of information without distortion or concealment". This would not be addressed on film until the 1984 follow-up, <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a>. Film critic Roger Ebert wrote that HAL, as the supposedly perfect computer, is actually the most human of the characters.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-54">[53]</a> In an interview with Joseph Gelmis in 1969, Kubrick said that HAL "had an acute emotional crisis because he could not accept evidence of his own fallibility".<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Star_Child"_symbolism">"Star Child" symbolism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: "Star Child" symbolism">edit</a>]</div> Multiple allegorical interpretations of 2001 have been proposed. The symbolism of life and death can be seen through the final moments of the film, which are defined by the image of the "Star Child", an <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">in utero</a> foetus that draws on the work of <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Nilsson" title="Lennart Nilsson">Lennart Nilsson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burgoot2006p339-223">[218]</a> The Star Child signifies a "great new beginning",<a href="#cite_note-Burgoot2006p339-223">[218]</a> and is depicted naked and ungirded but with its eyes wide open.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> Leonard F. Wheat sees 2001 as a multi-layered allegory, commenting simultaneously on <a href="/wiki/Nietzsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, Homer, and the relationship of man to machine.<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> Rolling Stone reviewer Bob McClay sees the film as like a four-movement symphony, its story told with "deliberate realism".<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_satellites">Military satellites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Military satellites">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey#Military_nature_of_orbiting_satellites" title="Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey">Military nature of orbiting satellites</a></div> Kubrick originally planned a voice-over to reveal that the satellites seen after the prologue are nuclear weapons,<a href="#cite_note-Walker_pp181-182-227">[222]</a> and that the Star Child would detonate the weapons at the end of the film<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> but felt this would create associations with Dr. Strangelove and decided not to make it obvious that they were "war machines". A few weeks before the film's release, the US and Soviet governments had agreed not to put any nuclear <a href="/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" title="Militarisation of space">weapons into outer space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony-229">[224]</a> In a book he wrote with Kubrick's assistance, Alexander Walker states that Kubrick eventually decided that nuclear weapons had "no place at all in the film's thematic development", being an "orbiting red herring" that would "merely have raised irrelevant questions to suggest this as a reality of the twenty-first century".<a href="#cite_note-Walker_pp181-182-227">[222]</a> Kubrick scholar <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ciment" title="Michel Ciment">Michel Ciment</a>, discussing Kubrick's attitude toward human aggression and instinct, observes: "The bone cast into the air by the ape (now become a man) is transformed at the other extreme of civilization, by one of those abrupt ellipses characteristic of the director, into a spacecraft on its way to the moon."<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> In contrast to Ciment's reading of a cut to a serene "other extreme of civilization", science fiction novelist <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert Sawyer</a>, in the Canadian documentary 2001 and Beyond, says he sees it as a cut from a bone to a nuclear weapons platform, explaining that "what we see is not how far we've leaped ahead, what we see is that today, '2001', and four million years ago on the African veldt, it's exactly the same—the power of mankind is the power of its weapons. It's a continuation, not a discontinuity in that jump."<a href="#cite_note-beyond-231">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_in_popular_culture" title="2001: A Space Odyssey in popular culture">2001: A Space Odyssey in popular culture</a></div> 2001: A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest and most influential films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180510-232">[227]</a> It is considered one of the major artistic works of the 20th century, with many critics and filmmakers considering it Kubrick's masterpiece.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> In the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> critic <a href="/wiki/David_Denby" title="David Denby">David Denby</a> compared Kubrick to the monolith from 2001: A Space Odyssey, calling him "a force of supernatural intelligence, appearing at great intervals amid high-pitched shrieks, who gives the world a violent kick up the next rung of the evolutionary ladder".<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> By the start of the 21st century, 2001: A Space Odyssey had become recognised as among the best films ever made by such sources as the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> (BFI). <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a> ranked the film at number 11 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list in 1999, based on a poll of critics.<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> In January 2002, the film was included on the list of the "Top 100 Essential Films of All Time" by the <a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics" title="National Society of Film Critics">National Society of Film Critics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carr81-237">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> Sight & Sound magazine ranked the film twelfth in its greatest films of all-time list in 1982,<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a> tenth in 1992 critics' poll of greatest films,<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a> sixth in the top ten films of all time in its 2002,<a href="#cite_note-S&S-241">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_and_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2012#Critics'_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012">2012</a><a href="#cite_note-S&S2012-242">[237]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_and_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2022#Critics'_poll" title="The Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2022">2022</a> critics' polls editions;<a href="#cite_note-S&S2022-179">[174]</a> it also tied for second and first place in the <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_%26_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2012#Directors'_poll" title="The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012">magazine's 2012</a><a href="#cite_note-S&S2012-242">[237]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_and_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2022#Directors'_poll" title="The Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2022">2022 directors' poll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S&S2022-179">[174]</a> The film was voted no. 43 on the list of "100 Greatest Films" by the prominent French magazine <a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:2-243">[238]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> named it "the best sci-fi and fantasy film of all time".<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> The film ranked 4th in <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s 2015 list of the 100 greatest American films.<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> In 1991, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and selected for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> In 2010, it was named the greatest film of all time by <a href="/wiki/The_Moving_Arts_Film_Journal" title="The Moving Arts Film Journal">The Moving Arts Film Journal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Stanley Kubrick made the ultimate science fiction movie, and it is going to be very hard for someone to come along and make a better movie, as far as I'm concerned. On a technical level, it [<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a>] can be compared, but personally I think that 2001 is far superior. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—George Lucas, 1977<a href="#cite_note-in70mm-135">[131]</a></cite></div> </div> The influence of 2001 on subsequent filmmakers is considerable. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, and others—including many special effects technicians—discuss the impact the film has had on them in a featurette titled Standing on the Shoulders of Kubrick: The Legacy of 2001, included in the 2007 DVD release of the film. Spielberg calls it his film generation's "big bang", while Lucas says it was "hugely inspirational", calling Kubrick "the filmmaker's filmmaker". Director <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> has listed it as one of his favourite films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> calls it "groundbreaking", and <a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> says 2001 is "the grandfather of all such films". At the 2007 Venice film festival, director <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> said he believed 2001 was the unbeatable film that in a sense killed the science fiction genre.<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> Similarly, film critic Michel Ciment in his essay "Odyssey of Stanley Kubrick" wrote, "Kubrick has conceived a film which in one stroke has made the whole science fiction cinema obsolete."<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> Others credit 2001 with opening up a market for films such as <a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a>, proving that big-budget "serious" science-fiction films can be commercially successful, and establishing the "sci-fi blockbuster" as a Hollywood staple.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> Science magazine Discover's blogger Stephen Cass, discussing the film's considerable impact on subsequent science fiction, writes that "the balletic spacecraft scenes set to sweeping classical music, the tarantula-soft tones of HAL 9000 and the ultimate alien artefact, the monolith, have all become enduring cultural icons in their own right."<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> Trumbull said that when working on <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture">Star Trek: The Motion Picture</a> he made a scene without dialogue because of "something I really learned with Kubrick and 2001: Stop talking for a while, and let it all flow".<a href="#cite_note-tifftrumbull-253">[248]</a> Kubrick did not envision a sequel. Fearing the later exploitation and recycling of his material in other productions (as was done with the props from MGM's Forbidden Planet), he ordered all sets, props, miniatures, production blueprints, and prints of unused scenes destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> Most of these materials were lost, with some exceptions: a 2001 spacesuit backpack appeared in the "Close Up" episode of the <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Anderson" title="Gerry Anderson">Gerry Anderson</a> series <a href="/wiki/UFO_(British_TV_series)" title="UFO (British TV series)">UFO</a> and one of HAL's eyepieces is in the possession of the author of Hal's Legacy, David G. Stork.<a href="#cite_note-Bizony-229">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010featurette-255">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a> In March 2015, a model of the Aries 1B Trans-Lunar Space Shuttle used in the film was sold at auction for $344,000 in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> In 2012, Lockheed engineer Adam Johnson, working with <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I._Ordway_III" title="Frederick I. Ordway III">Frederick I. Ordway III</a>, science adviser to Kubrick, wrote the book 2001: The Lost Science, which for the first time featured many of the blueprints of the spacecraft and film sets that previously had been thought destroyed. Clarke wrote three sequel novels: <a href="/wiki/2010:_Odyssey_Two" title="2010: Odyssey Two">2010: Odyssey Two</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/2061:_Odyssey_Three" title="2061: Odyssey Three">2061: Odyssey Three</a> (1987), and <a href="/wiki/3001:_The_Final_Odyssey" title="3001: The Final Odyssey">3001: The Final Odyssey</a> (1997). The only filmed sequel, 2010: The Year We Make Contact, released in 1984, was based on Clarke's 1982 novel. Kubrick was not involved; it was directed as a spin-off by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hyams" title="Peter Hyams">Peter Hyams</a> in a more conventional style. The other two novels have not been adapted for the screen, although actor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> in June 1999 expressed a passing interest in possible adaptations.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the film's release, an exhibit called "The Barmecide Feast" opened on 8 April 2018, in the Smithsonian Institution's <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>. The exhibit features a fully realised, full-scale reflection of the neo-classical hotel room from the film's penultimate scene.<a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a> Director <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> presented a 70 mm print of 2001 for the film's 50th anniversary at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2018 Cannes Film Festival">2018 Cannes Film Festival</a> on 12 May.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180511-262">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a> The new 70 mm print is a photochemical recreation made from the original camera negative, for the first time since the film's original theatrical run.<a href="#cite_note-AT-20180721-264">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> Further, an exhibit entitled "Envisioning 2001: Stanley Kubrick's Space Odyssey" presented at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Moving_Image" title="Museum of the Moving Image">Museum of the Moving Image</a> in <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Queens" title="Astoria, Queens">Astoria, Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> opened in January 2020.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200123-266">[261]</a> In July 2020, a silver space suit was sold at auction in Los Angeles for $370,000, exceeding its estimate of $200,000–300,000. Four layers of paint indicate it was used in multiple scenes, including the Clavius Moon base sequence. The helmet had been painted green at one stage, leading to a belief that it may have been worn during the scene where Bowman disconnects HAL 9000.<a href="#cite_note-auction-267">[262]</a> Stanley Kubrick introduced Arthur C. Clarke to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>'s 1949 book <a href="/wiki/The_Hero_with_a_Thousand_Faces" title="The Hero with a Thousand Faces">The Hero with a Thousand Faces</a> during the writing of 2001: A Space Odyssey. There are allegorical archetypal patterns of the "<a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">hero's journey</a>" in this film. Clarke called Campbell's book "very stimulating" in a diary entry.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_media">Home media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> The film has been released in numerous forms: <ul><li>In 1980, <a href="/wiki/MGM/CBS_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM/CBS Home Video">MGM/CBS Home Video</a> released the film on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a></li> <li>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection" title="The Criterion Collection">The Criterion Collection</a> released a two-disc special <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> edition with the transfer monitored by Kubrick himself.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a></li> <li>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> released the film on Blu-ray.<a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a></li> <li>In 2018, Warner Bros. Home Entertainment re-released it on Blu-ray and <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a> <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">HDR</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>, based on a <a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a> scan of the original camera negative and audio remixed and remastered in <a href="/wiki/DTS-HD_Master_Audio" title="DTS-HD Master Audio">DTS-HD MA 5.1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4k-272">[267]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Re-releases">Re-releases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Re-releases">edit</a>]</div> The film was re-released in 1974, 1977, 1980<a href="#cite_note-Hall-138">[134]</a> and 1993.<a href="#cite_note-93rr-273">[268]</a> In 2001, a restoration of the 70 mm version was screened at the Ebert's Overlooked Film Festival, and the production was also reissued to selected film houses in North America, Europe and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a> For the film's 50th anniversary, Warner Bros. struck new <a href="/wiki/70_mm_film" title="70 mm film">70 mm</a> prints from printing elements made directly from the original film negative.<a href="#cite_note-AT-20180721-264">[259]</a> This was done under the supervision of film director <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>, who has spoken of 2001's influence on his career. Following a showing at the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> introduced by Nolan, the film had a limited worldwide release at select 70 mm-equipped theatres in the summer of 2018,<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180511-262">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> followed by a one-week run in North American <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> theatres (including five locations equipped with 70 mm IMAX projectors).<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> On 3 December 2018, an <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">8K Ultra-high definition television</a> version of the film was reported to have been broadcast in selected cinemas and shopping-mall demonstration stations in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-VERGE-20181203-278">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_intelligence_films" title="List of artificial intelligence films">List of artificial intelligence films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cult_films" title="List of cult films">List of cult films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">List of films considered the best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_eclipses" title="List of films featuring eclipses">List of films featuring eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">List of films featuring extraterrestrials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_space_stations" title="List of films featuring space stations">List of films featuring space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incomplete_or_partially_lost_films" title="List of incomplete or partially lost films">List of incomplete or partially lost films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_End_of_the_Universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Voyage to the End of the Universe">Voyage to the End of the Universe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Jason Sperb's study of Kubrick The Kubrick Facade analyses Kubrick's use of narration in detail. <a href="/wiki/John_Baxter_(author)" title="John Baxter (author)">John Baxter</a>'s biography of Kubrick also describes how he frequently favoured voice-over narration. Only three of Kubrick's 13 films lack narration: Space Odyssey, The Shining, and Eyes Wide Shut.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Examples of the Action Office desk and "Propst Perch" chair appearing in the film can be seen in <a href="#CITEREFPina2002">Pina 2002</a>, pp. 66–71. First introduced in 1968, the Action Office-st<a href="/wiki/Cubicle" title="Cubicle">cubicle</a>" would eventually occupy 70 per cent of office space by the mid-2000s. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Cubicles had earlier appeared in Jacques Tati's Playtime in 1967. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Between the two lines large red letters reading at top "CAUTION" and at bottom "EXPLOSIVE BOLTS" are smaller black lines reading "MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS" followed by even smaller lines of four instructions beginning "(1) SELF TEST EXPLOSIVE BOLTS PER INST 14 PARA 3 SEC 5D AFTER EACH EVA", et cetera. The instructions are generally legible on Blu-ray editions but not DVD editions of the film.<a href="#cite_note-Agel-321-324-89">[86]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Kolker" title="Robert P. Kolker">Robert Kolker</a> put the cumulative global gross of the film at $138 million as of 2006,<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> although it has had several limited releases since then. The combined takings of the 2010, 2013, 2014, 2017 and 2018 reissues added a further $7.9 million to the gross.<a href="#cite_note-BOM-145">[141]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Release-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Release_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Release_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Release_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoate" class="citation web cs1">Coate, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in70mm.com/presents/1959_super_panavision/1968_2OO1/engagements/2001/engagements/index.htm">"The Original Reserved-Seat Roadshow Engagements Of "2001: A Space Odyssey""</a>. in70mm.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723191025/https://www.in70mm.com/presents/1959_super_panavision/1968_2OO1/engagements/2001/engagements/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=in70mm.com&rft.atitle=The+Original+Reserved-Seat+Roadshow+Engagements+Of+%222001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%22&rft.aulast=Coate&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in70mm.com%2Fpresents%2F1959_super_panavision%2F1968_2OO1%2Fengagements%2F2001%2Fengagements%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_review-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_review_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_review_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1985" class="citation news cs1">Maslin, Janet (14 April 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/14/arts/home-video-new-cassettes-from-kubrick-to-saint-exupery-162687.html">"Home video; New cassettes: From Kubrick To Saint-Exupery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715001645/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/14/arts/home-video-new-cassettes-from-kubrick-to-saint-exupery-162687.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Home+video%3B+New+cassettes%3A+From+Kubrick+To+Saint-Exupery&rft.date=1985-04-14&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F04%2F14%2Farts%2Fhome-video-new-cassettes-from-kubrick-to-saint-exupery-162687.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2018" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Michael (2018). Space Odyssey: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, and the making of a masterpiece (First Simon & Schuster hardcover ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6393-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6393-7"><bdi>978-1-5011-6393-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Odyssey%3A+Stanley+Kubrick%2C+Arthur+C.+Clarke%2C+and+the+making+of+a+masterpiece&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=53&rft.edition=First+Simon+%26+Schuster+hardcover&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-6393-7&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVEeu1eNx34">"Stanley Kubrick Wins Special Effects: 1969 Oscars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 7 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312120909/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVEeu1eNx34">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick+Wins+Special+Effects%3A+1969+Oscars&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuVEeu1eNx34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108072130/http://www.underview.com/asocast.html#Sean">"The Underview on 2001: A Space Odyssey – Cast and Crew"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.underview.com/asocast.html#Sean">the original</a> on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Underview+on+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+Cast+and+Crew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.underview.com%2Fasocast.html%23Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2001italia.it/2013/06/two-days-turned-into-four-weeks.html">""Two days turned into four weeks": an interview with Maggie D'Abo, hostess in '2001'"</a>. 2001italia.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824194539/http://www.2001italia.it/2013/06/two-days-turned-into-four-weeks.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2001italia.it&rft.atitle=%22Two+days+turned+into+four+weeks%22%3A+an+interview+with+Maggie+D%27Abo%2C+hostess+in+%272001%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2001italia.it%2F2013%2F06%2Ftwo-days-turned-into-four-weeks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.thestar.com/2001-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick/">"2001: A Space Odyssey – 50 facts for 50 years"</a>. thestar.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213516/https://projects.thestar.com/2001-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+50+facts+for+50+years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.thestar.com%2F2001-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMondello,_Bob2018" class="citation web cs1">Mondello, Bob (4 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/04/04/599579246/what-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-such-an-influential-film">"What Made '2001, A Space Odyssey' Such An Influential Film"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830002321/https://www.npr.org/2018/04/04/599579246/what-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-such-an-influential-film">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=What+Made+%272001%2C+A+Space+Odyssey%27+Such+An+Influential+Film&rft.date=2018-04-04&rft.au=Mondello%2C+Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F04%2F04%2F599579246%2Fwhat-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-such-an-influential-film&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigham,_Nick2012" class="citation web cs1">Higham, Nick (14 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-20726319/broadcaster-kenneth-kendall-88-dies">"Broadcaster Kenneth Kendall, 88, dies"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413153146/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/entertainment-arts-20726319/broadcaster-kenneth-kendall-88-dies">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Broadcaster+Kenneth+Kendall%2C+88%2C+dies&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.au=Higham%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fentertainment-arts-20726319%2Fbroadcaster-kenneth-kendall-88-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1966" class="citation magazine cs1">Bernstein, Jeremy (4 November 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1966/11/12/how-about-a-little-game">"Stanley Kubrick: The Master"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106230532/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1966/11/12/how-about-a-little-game">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2023 – via www.newyorker.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick%3A+The+Master&rft.date=1966-11-04&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1966%2F11%2F12%2Fhow-about-a-little-game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lost_Worlds-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Lost_Worlds_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-Baxter-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baxter_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baxter_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baxter_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baxter_13-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Baxter_(author)" title="John Baxter (author)">Baxter, John</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleykubrickbi00baxt">Stanley Kubrick: A Biography</a>. New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleykubrickbi00baxt/page/200">200</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0485-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0485-3"><bdi>0-7867-0485-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7867-0485-3&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstanleykubrickbi00baxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanCull2013-p97-14"><a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanCull2013-p97_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChapmanCull2013">Chapman & Cull 2013</a>, p. 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAleer2013">McAleer 2013</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pU8qAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT140">140</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanCull2013-p98-16"><a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanCull2013-p98_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChapmanCull2013">Chapman & Cull 2013</a>, p. 98 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Handy, Bruce (14 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/2001-a-space-odyssey-secrets-in-the-stanley-kubrick-archive">"The Weirdest, Most Wonderful 2001: A Space Odyssey Secrets in the Stanley Kubrick Archive"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123620/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/2001-a-space-odyssey-secrets-in-the-stanley-kubrick-archive">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=The+Weirdest%2C+Most+Wonderful+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+Secrets+in+the+Stanley+Kubrick+Archive&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2018%2F02%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-secrets-in-the-stanley-kubrick-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scienceandfilm.org-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scienceandfilm.org_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scienceandfilm.org_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scienceandfilm.org_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceandfilm.org/articles/2656/graphic-films-and-the-inception-of-2001-a-space-odyssey">"Sloan Science & Film"</a>. scienceandfilm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921180606/http://scienceandfilm.org/articles/2656/graphic-films-and-the-inception-of-2001-a-space-odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scienceandfilm.org&rft.atitle=Sloan+Science+%26+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceandfilm.org%2Farticles%2F2656%2Fgraphic-films-and-the-inception-of-2001-a-space-odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2001italia.it/2013/10/the-art-of-roy-carnon.html">"The Art of Roy Carnon"</a>. www.2001italia.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920155423/http://www.2001italia.it/2013/10/the-art-of-roy-carnon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.2001italia.it&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Roy+Carnon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2001italia.it%2F2013%2F10%2Fthe-art-of-roy-carnon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley_Kubrick-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_Kubrick_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_Kubrick_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoBrutto1998">LoBrutto 1998</a>, p. 257 </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Graham_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1989" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Gerald G. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lKKoJqjVn6QC&q=%22Brian%20Salt%22%20math&pg=PA114">Canadian film technology, 1896–1986</a>. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87413-347-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87413-347-5"><bdi>0-87413-347-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114041129/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKKoJqjVn6QC&pg=PA114&q=%22Brian+Salt%22+math">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+film+technology%2C+1896%E2%80%931986&rft.place=Newark&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-87413-347-5&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Gerald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlKKoJqjVn6QC%26q%3D%2522Brian%2520Salt%2522%2520math%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1991" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Gary (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/innationalintere0000evan">In the national interest: a chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989</a> (Repr. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/innationalintere0000evan/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-6833-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-6833-2"><bdi>0-8020-6833-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 August 2016. <q>In the National Interest City of Gold.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+national+interest%3A+a+chronicle+of+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada+from+1949+to+1989&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=75&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8020-6833-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finnationalintere0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lacey-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Lacey_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey2016" class="citation news cs1">Lacey, Liam (11 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/colin-low-a-gentleman-genius-of-documentary-cinema/article29193112/">"Colin Low: A gentleman genius of documentary cinema"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317005445/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/colin-low-a-gentleman-genius-of-documentary-cinema/article29193112/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Colin+Low%3A+A+gentleman+genius+of+documentary+cinema&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Ffilm%2Fcolin-low-a-gentleman-genius-of-documentary-cinema%2Farticle29193112%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/behind-the-scenes-of-2001-a-space-odyssey-50-years-later">"Behind the Scenes of 2001: A Space Odyssey, the Strangest Blockbuster in Hollywood History"</a>. Vanity Fair. 14 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324212444/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/behind-the-scenes-of-2001-a-space-odyssey-50-years-later">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%2C+the+Strangest+Blockbuster+in+Hollywood+History&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2018%2F02%2Fbehind-the-scenes-of-2001-a-space-odyssey-50-years-later&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-25"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/douglas-trumbull-obituary-dnsc08lmr">"Douglas Trumbull obituary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Douglas+Trumbull+obituary&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdouglas-trumbull-obituary-dnsc08lmr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969">"1969 Winners and Nominees"</a>. Oscars. 4 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160910175650/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars&rft.atitle=1969+Winners+and+Nominees&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAleer1992">McAleer 1992</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LW5aAAAAMAAJ&q=%22frightfully+interested+in+working+with+enfant+terrible%22+%22what+makes+Kubrick+think+I%27m+a+recluse%3F%22">176</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, p. 29 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0073.html">"Arthur Clarke's 2001 Diary"</a>. visual-memory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510060924/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0073.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visual-memory&rft.atitle=Arthur+Clarke%27s+2001+Diary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0073.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, pp. 32–35 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 61 </li> <li id="cite_note-Benson's_Book-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benson's_Book_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benson's_Book_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benson's_Book_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benson's_Book_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benson's_Book_33-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Benson_(filmmaker)" title="Michael Benson (filmmaker)">Benson, Michael</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7BkyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT255">Space Odyssey: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, and the Making of a Masterpiece</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6395-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6395-1"><bdi>978-1-5011-6395-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174955/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7BkyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT255">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Odyssey%3A+Stanley+Kubrick%2C+Arthur+C.+Clarke%2C+and+the+Making+of+a+Masterpiece&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-6395-1&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7BkyDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2001" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Arthur C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collectedstories00clar/page/460">Collected Stories of Arthur C. Clarke</a>. Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collectedstories00clar/page/460">460</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-87821-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-87821-4"><bdi>978-0-312-87821-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Stories+of+Arthur+C.+Clarke&rft.pages=460&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-312-87821-4&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcollectedstories00clar%2Fpage%2F460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHughes2000">Hughes 2000</a>, p. 135 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_38-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 328–329 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 24–25 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelmis-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelmis_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelmis_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelmis_40-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGelmis1970">Gelmis 1970</a>, p. 308 </li> <li id="cite_note-krusch-41"><a href="#cite_ref-krusch_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krusch.com/kubrick/Q12.html">"What did Kubrick have to say about what 2001 "means"?"</a>. Krusch.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927064037/http://www.krusch.com/kubrick/Q12.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Krusch.com&rft.atitle=What+did+Kubrick+have+to+say+about+what+2001+%22means%22%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krusch.com%2Fkubrick%2FQ12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGelmis1970">Gelmis 1970</a>, p. 302 </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke_pp.31-38-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_pp.31-38_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_pp.31-38_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_pp.31-38_43-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, pp. 31–38 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2017/01/close-tears-he-left-intermission-how-stanley-kubrick-upset-arthur-c-clarke">"'Close to tears, he left at the intermission': how Stanley Kubrick upset Arthur C Clarke"</a>. www.newstatesman.com. 8 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122341/https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2017/01/close-tears-he-left-intermission-how-stanley-kubrick-upset-arthur-c-clarke">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newstatesman.com&rft.atitle=%27Close+to+tears%2C+he+left+at+the+intermission%27%3A+how+Stanley+Kubrick+upset+Arthur+C+Clarke&rft.date=2017-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F2017%2F01%2Fclose-tears-he-left-intermission-how-stanley-kubrick-upset-arthur-c-clarke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagan2000" class="citation book cs1">Sagan, Carl (2000). "25". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lL57o9YB0mAC">Carl Sagan's cosmic connection: an extraterrestrial perspective</a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-78303-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-78303-8"><bdi>0-521-78303-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330140644/https://books.google.com/books?id=lL57o9YB0mAC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=25&rft.btitle=Carl+Sagan%27s+cosmic+connection%3A+an+extraterrestrial+perspective&rft.pages=183&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-78303-8&rft.aulast=Sagan&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlL57o9YB0mAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Playboy-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Playboy_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Playboy_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archiviokubrick.it/english/words/interviews/index.html">"Stanley Kubrick: Playboy Interview"</a>. Playboy. September 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715101917/http://www.archiviokubrick.it/english/words/interviews/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playboy&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick%3A+Playboy+Interview&rft.date=1968-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archiviokubrick.it%2Fenglish%2Fwords%2Finterviews%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SF-20180706-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SF-20180706_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SF-20180706_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SF-20180706_47-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2018" class="citation web cs1">Pearson, Ben (6 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashfilm.com/2001-a-space-odyssey-ending/">"Stanley Kubrick Explains The '2001: A Space Odyssey' Ending in Rediscovered Interview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slashfilm" class="mw-redirect" title="Slashfilm">Slashfilm</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706174351/https://www.slashfilm.com/2001-a-space-odyssey-ending/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slashfilm&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick+Explains+The+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+Ending+in+Rediscovered+Interview&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashfilm.com%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-ending%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agel_p.48-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agel_p.48_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agel_p.48_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarham2009" class="citation book cs1">Barham, J. M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1956/">"Incorporating Monsters: Music as Context, Character and Construction in Kubrick's The Shining"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1956/">Terror Tracks: Music and Sound in Horror Cinema</a>. London, U.K.: Equinox Press. pp. 137–170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-202-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-202-4"><bdi>978-1-84553-202-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804133256/http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1956/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Incorporating+Monsters%3A+Music+as+Context%2C+Character+and+Construction+in+Kubrick%27s+The+Shining&rft.btitle=Terror+Tracks%3A+Music+and+Sound+in+Horror+Cinema&rft.place=London%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.pub=Equinox+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84553-202-4&rft.aulast=Barham&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepubs.surrey.ac.uk%2F1956%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-visual-memory_a-51"><a href="#cite_ref-visual-memory_a_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0075.html">"The Kubrick Site: Fred Ordway on '2001'"</a>. Visual-memory.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623062250/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0075.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visual-memory.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Kubrick+Site%3A+Fred+Ordway+on+%272001%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke_Novel-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_Novel_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_Novel_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_Novel_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_Novel_52-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke1968" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Arthur (1968). 2001: A Space Odyssey. UK: New American Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-453-00269-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-453-00269-2"><bdi>0-453-00269-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-453-00269-2&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker_1971_251-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_1971_251_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_1971_251_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker1971">Walker 1971</a>, p. 251 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebert-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_54-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1968" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (12 April 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/2001-a-space-odyssey-1968">"2001: A Space Odyssey Movie Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404232622/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/2001-a-space-odyssey-1968">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+Movie+Review&rft.date=1968-04-12&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoBrutto1998">LoBrutto 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleykubrickbi00lobr/page/310">310</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeduld1973">Geduld 1973</a>, p. 24, reproduced in <a href="#CITEREFCastle2005">Castle 2005</a> and <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT22">22</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-filming_2001-57"><a href="#cite_ref-filming_2001_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightman1968" class="citation journal cs1">Lightman, Herb A. (June 1968). "Filming 2001: A Space Odyssey". <a href="/wiki/American_Cinematographer" title="American Cinematographer">American Cinematographer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Cinematographer&rft.atitle=Filming+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=1968-06&rft.aulast=Lightman&rft.aufirst=Herb+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> Excerpted in <a href="#CITEREFCastle2005">Castle 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Richter_2002-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richter_2002_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richter_2002_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichter2002">Richter 2002</a>, pp. 133–35 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke1972">Clarke 1972</a>, p. 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/497964/">"Alcott, John (1931–1986) Cinematographer"</a>. BFI Screenonline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213131432/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/497964/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFI+Screenonline&rft.atitle=Alcott%2C+John+%281931%E2%80%931986%29+Cinematographer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.screenonline.org.uk%2Fpeople%2Fid%2F497964%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-front_projection-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-front_projection_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-front_projection_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepropgallery.com/2001-a-space-odyssey-dawn-of-front-projection">"2001: A Space Odyssey – The Dawn of Front Projection"</a>. The Prop Gallery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615063650/http://www.thepropgallery.com/2001-a-space-odyssey-dawn-of-front-projection">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Prop+Gallery&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+The+Dawn+of+Front+Projection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepropgallery.com%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-dawn-of-front-projection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chiasson-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chiasson_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chiasson_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiasson2018" class="citation news cs1">Chiasson, Dan (16 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/23/2001-a-space-odyssey-what-it-means-and-how-it-was-made">""2001: A Space Odyssey": What It Means, and How It Was Made"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026101637/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/23/2001-a-space-odyssey-what-it-means-and-how-it-was-made">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=%222001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%22%3A+What+It+Means%2C+and+How+It+Was+Made&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft.aulast=Chiasson&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-what-it-means-and-how-it-was-made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-location-63"><a href="#cite_ref-location_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/0/2001-A-Space-Odyssey.php">""2001: A Space Odyssey": Locations"</a>. Movie-Locations.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725134407/https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/0/2001-A-Space-Odyssey.php">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Movie-Locations.com&rft.atitle=%222001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%22%3A+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2F0%2F2001-A-Space-Odyssey.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichter2002">Richter 2002</a>, p. 135 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT156">156</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrämer2010">Krämer 2010</a>, pp. 32–33 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrämer2010">Krämer 2010</a>, p. 92 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChapmanCull2013">Chapman & Cull 2013</a>, p. 97, footnote 18 </li> <li id="cite_note-budget-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-budget_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-budget_69-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeduld1973">Geduld 1973</a>, p. 27, reproduced in: <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam (2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT26">26</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-visual-memory-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-visual-memory_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-visual-memory_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-visual-memory_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/brown3.html">"2001's Pre- and Post-Premiere Edits by Thomas E Brown"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926210804/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/brown3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%27s+Pre-+and+Post-Premiere+Edits+by+Thomas+E+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2Fbrown3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyson1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Dyson, Freeman</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/disturbinguniver00dyso">Disturbing the Universe</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/disturbinguniver00dyso/page/189">189–191</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-26324-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-26324-2"><bdi>0-330-26324-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disturbing+the+Universe&rft.pages=189-191&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-330-26324-2&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdisturbinguniver00dyso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> The text survives in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCastle2005">Castle 2005</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-LoBrutto-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LoBrutto_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoBrutto_74-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoBrutto1998">LoBrutto 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleykubrickbi00lobr/page/308">308</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Time Warp (CD Booklet). Telarc. Release# CD-80106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+Warp&rft.pub=Telarc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2018" class="citation web cs1">James, Emily St (26 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/4/26/17283314/2001-a-space-odyssey-music-stanley-kubrick-50th-anniversary">"The music of 2001: A Space Odyssey is justifiably famous. The studio hated it"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516193534/https://www.vox.com/2018/4/26/17283314/2001-a-space-odyssey-music-stanley-kubrick-50th-anniversary">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+music+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+is+justifiably+famous.+The+studio+hated+it.&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Emily+St&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F4%2F26%2F17283314%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-music-stanley-kubrick-50th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBizony2001">Bizony 2001</a>, p. 159 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranz2008" class="citation web cs1">Franz, David (Winter 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223192348/http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-moral-life-of-cubicles">"The Moral Life of Cubicles"</a>. The New Atlantis. pp. 132–139. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-moral-life-of-cubicles">the original</a> on 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Atlantis&rft.atitle=The+Moral+Life+of+Cubicles&rft.ssn=winter&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Franz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewatlantis.com%2Fpublications%2Fthe-moral-life-of-cubicles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/2001-a-flatware-odyssey-344966">"2001: A Flatware Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>. 15 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526215806/https://io9.gizmodo.com/2001-a-flatware-odyssey-344966">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Flatware+Odyssey&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2F2001-a-flatware-odyssey-344966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2008" class="citation web cs1">Friedman, Bradley (27 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.free-press-release.com/news/200802/1204149687.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey – Modern Chairs & Products by Arne Jacobsen Bows at Gibraltar Furniture"</a>. Free-Press-Release.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425230507/http://www.free-press-release.com/news/200802/1204149687.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free-Press-Release.com&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+Modern+Chairs+%26+Products+by+Arne+Jacobsen+Bows+at+Gibraltar+Furniture&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.free-press-release.com%2Fnews%2F200802%2F1204149687.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designophy.com/newslog/article.php?UIN=1000000522">"2001: A Space Odyssey-Products by Arne Jacobsen"</a>. Designosophy. 4 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501035106/http://www.designophy.com/newslog/article.php?UIN=1000000522">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Designosophy&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey-Products+by+Arne+Jacobsen&rft.date=2007-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.designophy.com%2Fnewslog%2Farticle.php%3FUIN%3D1000000522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phil_Patton-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Phil_Patton_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatton1998" class="citation news cs1">Patton, Phil (19 February 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/19/garden/public-eye-30-years-after-2001-a-furniture-odyssey.html">"Public Eye; 30 Years After '2001': A Furniture Odyssey"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430011440/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/19/garden/public-eye-30-years-after-2001-a-furniture-odyssey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Public+Eye%3B+30+Years+After+%272001%27%3A+A+Furniture+Odyssey&rft.date=1998-02-19&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F02%2F19%2Fgarden%2Fpublic-eye-30-years-after-2001-a-furniture-odyssey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiell2005-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Fiell2005_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiell2005">Fiell 2005</a>, p. un-numbered </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oliviermourgue.com/">"Olivier Mourgue, Designer: (born 1939 in Paris, France)"</a>. Olivier Mourgue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513021105/http://www.oliviermourgue.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olivier+Mourgue&rft.atitle=Olivier+Mourgue%2C+Designer%3A+%28born+1939+in+Paris%2C+France%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliviermourgue.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT305">305ff</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker1971">Walker 1971</a>, p. 224 </li> <li id="cite_note-Agel-321-324-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agel-321-324_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agel-321-324_89-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofkubricks00agel/page/321">321–324</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddey2014" class="citation web cs1">Addey, Dave (11 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typesetinthefuture.com/2001-a-space-odyssey/">"2001: A Space Odyssey: Typeset in the Future"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222012112/http://typesetinthefuture.com/2001-a-space-odyssey/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%3A+Typeset+in+the+Future&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.aulast=Addey&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypesetinthefuture.com%2F2001-a-space-odyssey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolker2006">Kolker 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpritcZXPFoC&pg=PA82">82</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/unseen-images-2011-space-odyssey-making">"Weird, Unseen Images from the Making of 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. Vanity Fair. 9 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706230658/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/unseen-images-2011-space-odyssey-making">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Weird%2C+Unseen+Images+from+the+Making+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2014%2F07%2Funseen-images-2011-space-odyssey-making&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-online_excerpt-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-online_excerpt_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_excerpt_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_excerpt_94-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_excerpt_94-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumbull1968" class="citation journal cs1">Trumbull, Douglas (June 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinetropolis.net/vintage-article-by-douglas-trumbull-on-creating-special-effects-for-2001-a-space-odyssey/">"Creating Special Effects for 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. American Cinematographer. 49 (6): 412–413, 420–422, 416–419, 441–447, 451–454, 459–461. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160613162305/http://cinetropolis.net/vintage-article-by-douglas-trumbull-on-creating-special-effects-for-2001-a-space-odyssey/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016 – via Cinetropolis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Cinematographer&rft.atitle=Creating+Special+Effects+for+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E412-%3C%2Fspan%3E413%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E420-%3C%2Fspan%3E422%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E416-%3C%2Fspan%3E419%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E441-%3C%2Fspan%3E447%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E451-%3C%2Fspan%3E454%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E459-%3C%2Fspan%3E461&rft.date=1968-06&rft.aulast=Trumbull&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinetropolis.net%2Fvintage-article-by-douglas-trumbull-on-creating-special-effects-for-2001-a-space-odyssey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT151">151ff</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._112-113-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001,_pp._112-113_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001,_pp._112-113_96-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBizony2001">Bizony 2001</a>, pp. 112–113 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bizony_2001,_pp._113–117-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001,_pp._113–117_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001,_pp._113–117_97-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBizony2001">Bizony 2001</a>, pp. 113–117 </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-98"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_98-0">^</a> 1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. 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A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a>. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMet1999" class="citation web cs1">DeMet, George D. (July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509060702/http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/dfx.html">"The Special Effects of '2001: A Space Odyssey'"</a>. DFX. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/dfx.html">the original</a> on 9 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DFX&rft.atitle=The+Special+Effects+of+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.date=1999-07&rft.aulast=DeMet&rft.aufirst=George+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palantir.net%2F2001%2Fmeanings%2Fdfx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bizony_2001_138–144-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001_138–144_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bizony_2001_138–144_100-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBizony2001">Bizony 2001</a>, pp. 138–144 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBizony2001">Bizony 2001</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 129–135 </li> <li id="cite_note-2001:A_Space_Odyssey-103"><a href="#cite_ref-2001:A_Space_Odyssey_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jan Harlan, Stanley Kubrick (October 2007). 2001:A Space Odyssey (DVD). 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Retrieved 23 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick+%27risked+stuntman%27s+life%27+making+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft.aulast=Alberge&rft.aufirst=Dalya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2018%2Fapr%2F05%2Fstanley-kubrick-risked-stuntman-life-making-2001-a-space-oydssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2018" class="citation web cs1">Kaplan, Ilana (5 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/stanley-kubrick-2001-space-odyssey-stuntman-risk-life-filming-a8290286.html">"Stanley Kubrick 'risked stuntman's life' filming 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424093514/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/stanley-kubrick-2001-space-odyssey-stuntman-risk-life-filming-a8290286.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick+%27risked+stuntman%27s+life%27+filming+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Ilana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Fnews%2Fstanley-kubrick-2001-space-odyssey-stuntman-risk-life-filming-a8290286.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2018" class="citation web cs1">Benson, Michael (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/40173-space-odyssey-michael-benson-excerpt.html">"Dangling on a Wire: A Tale from the Making Of '2001: A Space Odyssey'"</a>. space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928124017/https://www.space.com/40173-space-odyssey-michael-benson-excerpt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dangling+on+a+Wire%3A+A+Tale+from+the+Making+Of+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.pub=space.com&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F40173-space-odyssey-michael-benson-excerpt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 143–146 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 150 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIFF_Originals2014" class="citation web cs1">TIFF Originals (12 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FANUlAbf0cc">"2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY Q&A | Keir Dullea & Gary Lockwood | TIFF 2014"</a>. YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107121040/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FANUlAbf0cc">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+SPACE+ODYSSEY+Q%26A+%7C+Keir+Dullea+%26+Gary+Lockwood+%7C+TIFF+2014&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.au=TIFF+Originals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFANUlAbf0cc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-110"><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmovietalk.com/?page_id=91">"The Film Buff's Dictionary"</a>. All Movie Talk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723172157/http://www.allmovietalk.com/?page_id=91">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Movie+Talk&rft.atitle=The+Film+Buff%27s+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmovietalk.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zizek-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Zizek_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberte" class="citation web cs1">Roberte, Dariusz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0108.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey: A Critical Analysis of the Film Score"</a>. Visual-memory.co.uk. 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Retrieved 23 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visual-memory.co.uk&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%3A+A+Critical+Analysis+of+the+Film+Score&rft.aulast=Roberte&rft.aufirst=Dariusz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonaco2001">Monaco (2001)</a>, p. 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2018" class="citation web cs1">Canfield, David (2 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/books/2018/04/02/space-odyssey-book-excerpt/">"Why '2001: A Space Odyssey' was a masterpiece so ahead of its time"</a>. 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The Journal of Film, Art and Aesthetics. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2049-4254">2049-4254</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718085250/http://ardfilmjournal.wordpress.com/2008/10/27/basic-film-techniques-match-cut/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2011. 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Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Cinematographer&rft.atitle=Front+Projection+for+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.aulast=Lightman&rft.aufirst=Herb+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Fsk%2F2001a%2Fpage2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_revolution-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-La_revolution_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-La_revolution_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinezik.org/reperes/kubrick/kubrick06.php">"1968: La révolution Kubrick"</a>. Cinezik web site (French film magazine on music in film) (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091023074216/http://www.cinezik.org/reperes/kubrick/kubrick06.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinezik+web+site+%28French+film+magazine+on+music+in+film%29&rft.atitle=1968%3A+La+r%C3%A9volution+Kubrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinezik.org%2Freperes%2Fkubrick%2Fkubrick06.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burt1995-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Burt1995_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurt1995" class="citation book cs1">Burt, George (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4E9EdlJw_N8C&pg=PA126">The Art of Film Music</a>. Northeastern University Press. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-270-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-270-3"><bdi>978-1-55553-270-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231433/https://books.google.com/books?id=4E9EdlJw_N8C&pg=PA126">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Film+Music&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-55553-270-3&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4E9EdlJw_N8C%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2016" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Tim (26 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2016/film/news/stanley-kubrick-birthday-2001-a-space-odyssey-1201822511/">"Stanley Kubrick & '2001': Over Budget and Behind Schedule — but a Radical Classic"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108080754/https://variety.com/2016/film/news/stanley-kubrick-birthday-2001-a-space-odyssey-1201822511/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick+%26+%272001%27%3A+Over+Budget+and+Behind+Schedule+%E2%80%94+but+a+Radical+Classic&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2016%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fstanley-kubrick-birthday-2001-a-space-odyssey-1201822511%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUM-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUM_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUM_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/2001-A-Space-Odyssey#tab=summary">"2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) — Financial Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Numbers_(website)" title="The Numbers (website)">The Numbers</a>. Nash Information Services, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127095518/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/2001-A-Space-Odyssey#tab=summary">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%281968%29+%E2%80%94+Financial+Information&rft.pub=The+Numbers.+Nash+Information+Services%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-numbers.com%2Fmovie%2F2001-A-Space-Odyssey%23tab%3Dsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RT-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RT_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RT_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/2001_a_space_odyssey">"2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a>. 2 April 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807100940/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/2001_a_space_odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.pub=Rotten+Tomatoes.+Fandango+Media&rft.date=1968-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2F2001_a_space_odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fDgqAQAAIAAJ">Space World</a>. Palmer Publications, Incorporated. 1988. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406010857/https://books.google.com/books?id=fDgqAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+World&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Palmer+Publications%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfDgqAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFI-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFI_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFI_124-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/23399">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frederick-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick1968" class="citation news cs1">Frederick, Robert B. 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Retrieved 22 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.date=1968-04-02&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1968%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-1200421723%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trim-126"><a href="#cite_ref-trim_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Kubrick Trims '2001' by 19 Mins., Adds Titles to Frame Sequences; Chi, Houston, Hub Reviews Good". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 16 May 2020. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Kubrick+Trims+%272001%27+by+19+Mins.%2C+Adds+Titles+to+Frame+Sequences%3B+Chi%2C+Houston%2C+Hub+Reviews+Good&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2020-05-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Handy, Bruce (9 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/unseen-images-2011-space-odyssey-making">"Weird, Unseen Images from the Making of 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706230658/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/unseen-images-2011-space-odyssey-making">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017. 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Has No Plans for Deleted <cite>2001: A Space Odyssey</cite> [sic] Vault Footage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926185300/https://www.wired.com/2010/12/its-official-warner-bros-has-no-plans-for-deleted-2001-a-space-odyssey-vault-footage/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2022. 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Retrieved 9 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=in70mm.com&rft.atitle=1968%3A+A+Roadshow+Odyssey-+The+Original+Reserved+Seat+Engagements+Of+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.aulast=Coate&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in70mm.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2F2001_in_70mm%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobley2008" class="citation web cs1">Robley, Les Paul (1 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514152019/http://www.avrev.com/blu-ray-movie-disc-reviews/sci-fi-fantasy/2001-a-space-odyssey.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey (Blu-Ray review)"</a>. Audio-Video Revolution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avrev.com/blu-ray-movie-disc-reviews/sci-fi-fantasy/2001-a-space-odyssey.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Audio-Video+Revolution&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%28Blu-Ray+review%29&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.aulast=Robley&rft.aufirst=Les+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avrev.com%2Fblu-ray-movie-disc-reviews%2Fsci-fi-fantasy%2F2001-a-space-odyssey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvd.net.au/review.cgi?review_id=1126">"2001: A Space Odyssey (Remastered)"</a>. dvd.net.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201132037/http://dvd.net.au/review.cgi?review_id=1126">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dvd.net.au&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%28Remastered%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvd.net.au%2Freview.cgi%3Freview_id%3D1126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Hall_(film_historian)" title="Sheldon Hall (film historian)">Hall, Sheldon</a> (9 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526092759/http://www.in70mm.com/pictureville/2010/sheldon/index.htm">"Introduction to 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. In70mm.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/pictureville/2010/sheldon/index.htm">the original</a> on 26 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In70mm.com&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in70mm.com%2Fpictureville%2F2010%2Fsheldon%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Big Rental Films of 1968". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 8 January 1969. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Big+Rental+Films+of+1968&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1969-01-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> This figure refers to rental revenue accruing to distributors. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlockWilson2010">Block & Wilson 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex/page/434">434</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Block_(2010)-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Block_(2010)_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Block_(2010)_141-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlockWilson2010">Block & Wilson 2010</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex/page/492">492–493</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_Camera-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_Camera_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.turner.com/this-month/article/26711%7c0/Behind-the-Camera.html">"Behind the Camera on 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. tcm.com. <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231433/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/26711%7c0/Behind-the-Camera.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tcm.com&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Camera+on+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.turner.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F26711%257c0%2FBehind-the-Camera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolker2006">Kolker 2006</a>, p. 83 </li> <li id="cite_note-reissue-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reissue_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reissue_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1974" class="citation magazine cs1">Murphy, A.D. (31 July 1974). "'Odyssey' Test Run Revival Here Turns into Surprise B.O. Smash". <a href="/wiki/Daily_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Variety">Daily Variety</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=%27Odyssey%27+Test+Run+Revival+Here+Turns+into+Surprise+B.O.+Smash&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1974-07-31&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOM-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOM_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOM_145-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0062622/">"2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDbPro" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDbPro">IMDbPro</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191104034249/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0062622/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%281968%29&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo.+IMDbPro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0062622%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm?adjust_yr=1">"All Time Box Office: Domestic Grosses – Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation"</a>. Box Office Mojo. IMDbPro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901183428/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm?adjust_yr=1">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Time+Box+Office%3A+Domestic+Grosses+%E2%80%93+Adjusted+for+Ticket+Price+Inflation&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo.+IMDbPro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fadjusted.htm%3Fadjust_yr%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolker2006">Kolker 2006</a>, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_Corner-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_Corner_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.turner.com/tcmdb/title/628/2001-A-Space-Odyssey/articles.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey – Articles"</a>. tcm.com. <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212151721/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/628/2001-A-Space-Odyssey/articles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tcm.com&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+Articles&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.turner.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F628%2F2001-A-Space-Odyssey%2Farticles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1968" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Crowley" title="Walt Crowley">Crowley, Walt</a> (20 June 1968). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Helix,_v.3,_no.10,_Jun._20,_1968_-_DPLA_-_f9ecebcefb9617a4b4bfe6acddc80869_(page_15).jpg">""My Favorite Movie""</a>. Helix. No. v.3, no. 10. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416210543/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Helix,_v.3,_no.10,_Jun._20,_1968_-_DPLA_-_f9ecebcefb9617a4b4bfe6acddc80869_(page_15).jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helix&rft.atitle=%22My+Favorite+Movie%22&rft.issue=v.3%2C+no.+10&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1968-06-20&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Walt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AHelix%2C_v.3%2C_no.10%2C_Jun._20%2C_1968_-_DPLA_-_f9ecebcefb9617a4b4bfe6acddc80869_%28page_15%29.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-THR-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THR_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-THR_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2018" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Bill (7 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-flashback-1968-2001-a-space-odyssey-confounded-critics-1109385">"Hollywood Flashback: In 1968, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Confounded Critics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Industries" title="Eldridge Industries">Eldridge Industries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508112152/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hollywood-flashback-1968-2001-a-space-odyssey-confounded-critics-1109385">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Flashback%3A+In+1968%2C+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+Confounded+Critics&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fhollywood-flashback-1968-2001-a-space-odyssey-confounded-critics-1109385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 169 </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1997" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Roger (27 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-2001-a-space-odyssey-1968">"2001: A Space Odyssey movie review"</a>. RogerEbert.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409153337/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-2001-a-space-odyssey-1968">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+movie+review&rft.date=1997-03-27&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fgreat-movie-2001-a-space-odyssey-1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoad2018" class="citation news cs1">Hoad, Phil (12 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/mar/12/how-we-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick-hal">"How we made 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522144157/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/mar/12/how-we-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick-hal">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+we+made+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.aulast=Hoad&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2018%2Fmar%2F12%2Fhow-we-made-2001-a-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick-hal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilliatt-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Gilliatt_155-0">^</a> Gilliatt, Penelope (5 April 1968). "After Man", review of 2001 reprinted from The New Yorker in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 209–213. </li> <li id="cite_note-Champlin-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Champlin_156-0">^</a> Champlin, Charles (5 April 1968). Review of 2001 reprinted from Los Angeles Times in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 213–215. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweeney-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Sweeney_157-0">^</a> Sweeney, Louise. Review of 2001 reprinted from The Christian Science Monitor in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 227–231. </li> <li id="cite_note-French-158"><a href="#cite_ref-French_158-0">^</a> French, Philip. Review of 2001 reprinted from an unnamed publication in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 237–239. </li> <li id="cite_note-Adams-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Adams_159-0">^</a> Adams, Marjorie. Review of 2001 reprinted from The Boston Globe in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903062342/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Roger&surname=Ebert">"BFI | Sight & Sound | Top Ten Poll 2002 – How the directors and critics voted"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Roger&surname=Ebert">the original</a> on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BFI+%26%23124%3B+Sight+%26+Sound+%26%23124%3B+Top+Ten+Poll+2002+%E2%80%93+How+the+directors+and+critics+voted&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Fsightandsound%2Ftopten%2Fpoll%2Fvoter.php%3Fforename%3DRoger%26surname%3DEbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unknown-161"><a href="#cite_ref-Unknown_161-0">^</a> Unknown reviewer. Capsule review of 2001 reprinted from Time in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 248. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofsess1976" class="citation news cs1">Hofsess, John (11 January 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partners.nytimes.com/library/film/011176kubrick-lyndon.html">"How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love 'Barry Lyndon'"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127160904/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/film/011176kubrick-lyndon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+I+Learned+To+Stop+Worrying+And+Love+%27Barry+Lyndon%27&rft.date=1976-01-11&rft.aulast=Hofsess&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpartners.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Ffilm%2F011176kubrick-lyndon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kauffman_Lost-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Kauffman_Lost_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKauffmann1968" class="citation magazine cs1">Kauffmann, Stanley (4 May 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403160335/http://krusch.com/kubrick/Q16.html">"Lost in the Stars"</a>. The New Republic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/132297/lost-stars">the original</a> on 3 April 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Lost+in+the+Stars&rft.date=1968-05-04&rft.aulast=Kauffmann&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F132297%2Flost-stars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adler-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Adler_164-0">^</a> Adler, Renata. Review of 2001 reprinted from The New York Times in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 207–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarris-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Sarris_165-0">^</a> Sarris, Andrew. Review of 2001 quoted from a <a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a> radio broadcast in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, pp. 242–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmcomment.com/article/hail-the-conquering-hero-andrew-sarris-profiled">"Hail the Conquering Hero"</a>. FilmComment.com. 1 May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623223203/http://www.filmcomment.com/article/hail-the-conquering-hero-andrew-sarris-profiled">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FilmComment.com&rft.atitle=Hail+the+Conquering+Hero&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmcomment.com%2Farticle%2Fhail-the-conquering-hero-andrew-sarris-profiled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simon-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Simon_167-0">^</a> Simon, John. Review of 2001 reprinted from <a href="/wiki/The_New_Leader" title="The New Leader">The New Leader</a> in <a href="#CITEREFAgel1970">Agel 1970</a>, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-myth-168"><a href="#cite_ref-myth_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ID" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Joyce, Paul (director) Doran, Jamie (producer) Bizony, Piers (assoc. producer) (2001). 2001: The Making of a Myth (Television production). UK: Channel Four Television Corp. Event occurs at 15:56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+The+Making+of+a+Myth&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Channel+Four+Television+Corp.&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/09/18/2001_review.shtml">"BBC – Films – review – 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. BBC. 29 March 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225002936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/09/18/2001_review.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Films+%E2%80%93+review+%E2%80%93+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2001-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffilms%2F2000%2F09%2F18%2F2001_review.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/2001-a-space-odyssey">"2001: A Space Odyssey Reviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandom,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Fandom, Inc.">Fandom, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807100907/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/2001-a-space-odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+Reviews&rft.pub=Metacritic.+Fandom%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2F2001-a-space-odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bfi2012-171"><a href="#cite_ref-bfi2012_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Christie_(film_scholar)" title="Ian Christie (film scholar)">Christie, Ian</a> (7 August 2017) [September 2012]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301135739/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time">"The 50 Greatest Films of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>. et al. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time">the original</a> on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sight+%26+Sound&rft.atitle=The+50+Greatest+Films+of+All+Time&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Fnews%2F50-greatest-films-all-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061126071451/http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/pages/pr/top100scifi">"2001: A Space Odyssey Named the Greatest Sci-Fi Film of All Time By the Online Film Critics Society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society" title="Online Film Critics Society">Online Film Critics Society</a>. 12 June 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/pages/pr/top100scifi">the original</a> on 26 November 2006. Retrieved 15 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Film+Critics+Society&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+Named+the+Greatest+Sci-Fi+Film+of+All+Time+By+the+Online+Film+Critics+Society&rft.date=2002-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fofcs.rottentomatoes.com%2Fpages%2Fpr%2Ftop100scifi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.editorsguild.com/magazine.cfm?ArticleID=1102">"The 75 Best Edited Films"</a>. Editors Guild Magazine. 1 (3). May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232326/https://www.editorsguild.com/magazine.cfm?ArticleID=1102">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Editors+Guild+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+75+Best+Edited+Films&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.editorsguild.com%2Fmagazine.cfm%3FArticleID%3D1102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.usccb.org/movies/vaticanfilms.shtml">"USCCB – (Film and Broadcasting) – Vatican Best Films List"</a>. USCCB web site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070418125227/http://www.usccb.org/movies/vaticanfilms.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USCCB+web+site&rft.atitle=USCCB+%E2%80%93+%28Film+and+Broadcasting%29+%E2%80%93+Vatican+Best+Films+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.usccb.org%2Fmovies%2Fvaticanfilms.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/timeout2.html">"Top 100 Films (Readers)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC Filmsite.org</a>. American Movie Classics Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718213202/http://www.filmsite.org/timeout2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMC+Filmsite.org&rft.atitle=Top+100+Films+%28Readers%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Ftimeout2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/ew100.html">"Entertainment Weekly's 100 Greatest Movies of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Filmsite.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmsite.org">Filmsite.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331185517/http://www.filmsite.org/ew100.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entertainment+Weekly%27s+100+Greatest+Movies+of+All+Time&rft.pub=Filmsite.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Few100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/">"The 100 Greatest Movies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075658/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+100+Greatest+Movies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Fbest-movies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/2001-a-space-odyssey-named-greatest-movie-of-all-time/">"'2001: A Space Odyssey' named the greatest movie of all time by 480 filmmakers"</a>. 2 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205152806/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/2001-a-space-odyssey-named-greatest-movie-of-all-time/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+named+the+greatest+movie+of+all+time+by+480+filmmakers&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaroutmagazine.co.uk%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-named-greatest-movie-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S&S2022-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S&S2022_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S&S2022_179-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S&S2022_179-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cefccdb2-b558-5623-9c17-72b4be7bd4c1/2001-a-space-odyssey">"2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)"</a>. Sight & Sound. British Film Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201220301/https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/cefccdb2-b558-5623-9c17-72b4be7bd4c1/2001-a-space-odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sight+%26+Sound&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%281968%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilm%2Fcefccdb2-b558-5623-9c17-72b4be7bd4c1%2F2001-a-space-odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hugo-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hugo_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hugo_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1969-hugo-awards/">"1969 Hugo Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Fiction Society">World Science Fiction Society</a>. 28 August 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703111100/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1969-hugo-awards/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Science+Fiction+Society&rft.atitle=1969+Hugo+Awards&rft.date=1969-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1969-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrosnan1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Brosnan" title="John Brosnan">Brosnan, John</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futuretense00john">Future tense : the cinema of science fiction</a>. Internet Archive. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-31488-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-31488-0"><bdi>978-0-312-31488-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 12 January 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+tense+%3A+the+cinema+of+science+fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-312-31488-0&rft.aulast=Brosnan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffuturetense00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delrey196807-182"><a href="#cite_ref-delrey196807_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdel_Rey1968" class="citation magazine cs1">del Rey, Lester (July 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v26n06_1968-07#page/n193/mode/2up">"2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 193–194. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330143620/https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v26n06_1968-07#page/n193/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galaxy+Science+Fiction&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E193-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.date=1968-07&rft.aulast=del+Rey&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FGalaxy_v26n06_1968-07%23page%2Fn193%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Samuel R. Delany's and Lester del Rey's reviews both appear in the 1968 anthology The Year's Best Science Fiction No. 2 edited by Harry Harrison and Brian W. Aldiss. Both are also printed on The Kubrick Site: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester1968" class="citation web cs1">Lester, del Rey (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0045.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey: A Review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709013211/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0045.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%3A+A+Review&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=del+Rey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0045.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelany1968" class="citation web cs1">Delany, Samuel R. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0044.html">"A Review of 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819033153/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0044.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Review+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Delany&rft.aufirst=Samuel+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0044.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnders2010" class="citation web cs1">Anders, Charlie Jane (13 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/5586134/rip-hard-science-fiction-writer-james-p-hogan">"R.I.P. hard science fiction writer James P. Hogan"</a>. io9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227040133/http://io9.com/5586134/rip-hard-science-fiction-writer-james-p-hogan">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=R.I.P.+hard+science+fiction+writer+James+P.+Hogan&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.aulast=Anders&rft.aufirst=Charlie+Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5586134%2Frip-hard-science-fiction-writer-james-p-hogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969">"The 41st Academy Awards | 1969"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> | <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. 14 April 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160910175650/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1969">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+Awards+%7C+Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+41st+Academy+Awards+%7C+1969&rft.date=1969-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006010330/http://www.bafta.org/print/awards/film/nominations/film-awards-nominations,183,BA.html?year=1968">"Film Nominations 1968"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a>. 28 March 1968. 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Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft.atitle=Film+Nominations+1968&rft.date=1968-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bafta.org%2Fprint%2Fawards%2Ffilm%2Fnominations%2Ffilm-awards-nominations%2C183%2CBA.html%3Fyear%3D1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinecec.com/cec.html">"Premios del CEC a la producción española de 1968"</a>. <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_de_Escritores_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficos" class="extiw" title="es:Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos">Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos</a> (in Spanish). 29 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232140/http://www.cinecec.com/cec.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C%C3%ADrculo+de+Escritores+Cinematogr%C3%A1ficos&rft.atitle=Premios+del+CEC+a+la+producci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola+de+1968&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinecec.com%2Fcec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmadebycat.com2019" class="citation web cs1">madebycat.com (7 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.iksv.org/en/the-38th-istanbul-film-festival-2019/2001-a-space-odyssey">"2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. İKSV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710135056/http://film.iksv.org/en/the-38th-istanbul-film-festival-2019/2001-a-space-odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C4%B0KSV&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft.au=madebycat.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilm.iksv.org%2Fen%2Fthe-38th-istanbul-film-festival-2019%2F2001-a-space-odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1960s/1968.aspx">"Awards / History / 1968 – 21st Annual DGA Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>. 2 February 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231433/http://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1960s/1968.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directors+Guild+of+America&rft.atitle=Awards+%2F+History+%2F+1968+%E2%80%93+21st+Annual+DGA+Awards&rft.date=1969-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dga.org%2FAwards%2FHistory%2F1960s%2F1968.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcfcc.org/1960s.html">"Winners: 1960s"</a>. Kansas City Film Critics Circle. 18 December 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120503233832/http://www.kcfcc.org/1960s.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansas+City+Film+Critics+Circle&rft.atitle=Winners%3A+1960s&rft.date=1968-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcfcc.org%2F1960s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-laurel-191"><a href="#cite_ref-laurel_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neil2003" class="citation book cs1">O'Neil, Thomas (2003). Movie awards: the ultimate, unofficial guide to the Oscars, Golden Globes, critics, Guild & Indie honors. Perigee Book. p. 306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-52922-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-52922-1"><bdi>978-0-399-52922-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Movie+awards%3A+the+ultimate%2C+unofficial+guide+to+the+Oscars%2C+Golden+Globes%2C+critics%2C+Guild+%26+Indie+honors&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Perigee+Book&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-399-52922-1&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125221611/http://nbrmp.org/awards/past.cfm?year=1968">"Awards for 1968"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_of_Motion_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board of Review of Motion Pictures">National Board of Review of Motion Pictures</a>. 10 January 1969. 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Retrieved 16 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Board+of+Review+of+Motion+Pictures&rft.atitle=Awards+for+1968&rft.date=1969-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbrmp.org%2Fawards%2Fpast.cfm%3Fyear%3D1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wggb-193"><a href="#cite_ref-wggb_193-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://writersguild.org.uk/writers-guild-awards-1968/">WRITERS' GUILD AWARDS 1968</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021134212/https://writersguild.org.uk/writers-guild-awards-1968/">Archived</a> 21 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Guild_of_Great_Britain" title="Writers' Guild of Great Britain">Writers' Guild of Great Britain</a>. 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Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+100+Years+...+100+Movie+Quotes&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fquotes100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328082215/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/handv100.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes & Villains"</a> (PDF). afi.com. American Film Institute. 16 June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/handv100.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+100+Years+...+100+Heroes+%26+Villains&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fhandv100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421022651/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/cheers100.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers"</a> (PDF). afi.com. American Film Institute. 16 June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/cheers100.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 April 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+100+Years+...+100+Cheers&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fcheers100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328081240/http://www.afi.com/10top10/category.aspx?cat=7">"AFI's 10 Top 10: Top 10 Sci-Fi"</a>. afi.com. American Film Institute. 17 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/10top10/category.aspx?cat=7">the original</a> on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+10+Top+10%3A+Top+10+Sci-Fi&rft.date=2008-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2F10top10%2Fcategory.aspx%3Fcat%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_202-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_202-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_202-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrämer2010">Krämer 2010</a>, p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> See especially the essay "Auteur with a Capital A", by James Gilbert, anthologized in <a href="#CITEREFKolker2006">Kolker 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT86">86</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SYFY-20180705-205"><a href="#cite_ref-SYFY-20180705_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlayton2018" class="citation web cs1">Slayton, Nicholas (5 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/in-lost-interview-stanley-kubrick-explains-the-ending-of-2001-a-space-odyssey">"In Lost Interview, Stanley Kubrick Explains The Ending of 2001: A Space odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SyfyWire" class="mw-redirect" title="SyfyWire">SyfyWire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706010257/http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/in-lost-interview-stanley-kubrick-explains-the-ending-of-2001-a-space-odyssey">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SyfyWire&rft.atitle=In+Lost+Interview%2C+Stanley+Kubrick+Explains+The+Ending+of+2001%3A+A+Space+odyssey&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft.aulast=Slayton&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Fin-lost-interview-stanley-kubrick-explains-the-ending-of-2001-a-space-odyssey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20180418-206"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20180418_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy2018" class="citation news cs1">Handy, Bruce (5 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/opinion/2001-a-space-odyssey-broken-glass.html">"Sometimes a Broken Glass Is Just a Broken Glass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407140425/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/opinion/2001-a-space-odyssey-broken-glass.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sometimes+a+Broken+Glass+Is+Just+a+Broken+Glass&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F05%2Fopinion%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-broken-glass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrämer2010">Krämer 2010</a>, p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGelmis1970">Gelmis 1970</a>, pp. 293–294 </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouston1971" class="citation journal cs1">Houston, Penelope (Spring 1971). "Skeleton Key to 2001". Sight and Sound International Film Quarterly. 40 (2). London: British Film Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sight+and+Sound+International+Film+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Skeleton+Key+to+2001&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_210-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeduld1973">Geduld 1973</a>, p. 40 </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoBrutto1998">LoBrutto 1998</a>, pp. 310, 606 </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yX1ZAAAAMAAJ">165</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-filmsite.org-213"><a href="#cite_ref-filmsite.org_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirks" class="citation web cs1">Dirks, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/twot.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Filmsite.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmsite.org">Filmsite.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303025113/http://www.filmsite.org/twot.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmsite.org&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.aulast=Dirks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Ftwot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirks" class="citation web cs1">Dirks, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/twot.html">"2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Filmsite.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmsite.org">Filmsite.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303025113/http://www.filmsite.org/twot.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filmsite.org&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.aulast=Dirks&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Ftwot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> Dirks says that, in the ape encounter, "With the mysterious monolith in the foreground, the glowing Sun rises over the black slab, directly beneath the crescent of the Moon" and that on the Moon "Again, the glowing Sun, Moon and Earth have formed a conjunctive orbital configuration." </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwam2010">Schwam 2010</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC&pg=PT212">212–215</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2010" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Patrick (2010). Love and Death in Kubrick: A Critical Study of the Films from Lolita Through Eyes Wide Shut. McFarland. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5916-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5916-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-5916-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Love+and+Death+in+Kubrick%3A+A+Critical+Study+of+the+Films+from+Lolita+Through+Eyes+Wide+Shut&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5916-2&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAger2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Ager" title="Rob Ager">Ager, Rob</a> (2015) [2008]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collativelearning.com/2001%20chapter%202.html">"Chapter 2. The Meaning Of The Monolith"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collativelearning.com/2001%20analysis%20new.html">2001: A Space Odyssey – in-depth analysis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824061016/https://www.collativelearning.com/2001+chapter+2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2.+The+Meaning+Of+The+Monolith&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+in-depth+analysis&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Ager&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collativelearning.com%2F2001%2520chapter%25202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChion2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chion" title="Michel Chion">Chion, Michel</a> (2019) [2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zn8DwAAQBAJ">Kubrick's Cinema Odyssey</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zn8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116">116</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-665-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83871-665-3"><bdi>978-1-83871-665-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102073842/https://books.google.com/books?id=9zn8DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kubrick%27s+Cinema+Odyssey&rft.place=London&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-83871-665-3&rft.aulast=Chion&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zn8DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaicco2007" class="citation book cs1">Caicco, Gregory (2007). Architecture, ethics, and the personhood of place. UPNE. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-653-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-653-1"><bdi>978-1-58465-653-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+ethics%2C+and+the+personhood+of+place&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-653-1&rft.aulast=Caicco&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2005" class="citation book cs1">Westfahl, Gary (2005). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 707. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32952-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32952-4"><bdi>978-0-313-32952-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy%3A+Themes%2C+Works%2C+and+Wonders%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=707&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32952-4&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2006" class="citation journal cs1">Palmer, Christopher (Spring 2006). "Big Dumb Objects in Science Fiction: Sublimity, Banality, and Modernity". <a href="/wiki/Extrapolation_(journal)" title="Extrapolation (journal)">Extrapolation</a>. 47 (1). Kent: 103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Fextr.2006.47.1.10">10.3828/extr.2006.47.1.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0014-5483">0014-5483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Extrapolation&rft.atitle=Big+Dumb+Objects+in+Science+Fiction%3A+Sublimity%2C+Banality%2C+and+Modernity&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Fextr.2006.47.1.10&rft.issn=0014-5483&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelmis" class="citation web cs1">Gelmis, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0069.html">"An Interview with Stanley Kubrick (1969)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419155630/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/doc/0069.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Interview+with+Stanley+Kubrick+%281969%29&rft.aulast=Gelmis&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Famk%2Fdoc%2F0069.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burgoot2006p339-223">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burgoot2006p339_223-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burgoot2006p339_223-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurfoot2006" class="citation book cs1">Burfoot, Annette (2006). "The Fetal Voyager: Women in Modern Medical Visual Discourse". In Shteir, Ann; Lightman, Bernard (eds.). Figuring it out: science, gender, and visual culture. UPNE. p. 339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-603-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-603-6"><bdi>978-1-58465-603-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fetal+Voyager%3A+Women+in+Modern+Medical+Visual+Discourse&rft.btitle=Figuring+it+out%3A+science%2C+gender%2C+and+visual+culture&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-603-6&rft.aulast=Burfoot&rft.aufirst=Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2010" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Barry Keith (2010). Shadows of Doubt: Negotiations of Masculinity in American Genre Films. 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Canada: Discovery Channel Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2001+and+Beyond&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Discovery+Channel+Canada&rft.date=2001-01-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20180510-232"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20180510_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbye2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Overbye" title="Dennis Overbye">Overbye, Dennis</a> (10 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/10/science/2001-a-space-odyssey-kubrick.html">"'2001: A Space Odyssey' Is Still the 'Ultimate Trip' – The rerelease of Stanley Kubrick's masterpiece encourages us to reflect again on where we're coming from and where we're going"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511122838/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/10/science/2001-a-space-odyssey-kubrick.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+Is+Still+the+%27Ultimate+Trip%27+%E2%80%93+The+rerelease+of+Stanley+Kubrick%27s+masterpiece+encourages+us+to+reflect+again+on+where+we%27re+coming+from+and+where+we%27re+going.&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F10%2Fscience%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-kubrick.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrett2008" class="citation journal cs1">Parrett, Aaron (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25475111">"Review: Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey: New Essays by Robert Kolker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Studies" title="Science Fiction Studies">Science Fiction Studies</a>. 35 (1). <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Studies" title="Science Fiction Studies">SF-TH Inc.</a>: 116–120. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25475111">25475111</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227181101/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25475111">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Fiction+Studies&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Stanley+Kubrick%27s+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%3A+New+Essays+by+Robert+Kolker&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E116-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25475111%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Parrett&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25475111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1987" class="citation news cs1">Rose, Lloyd (28 June 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/features/kubrick1987.htm">"Stanley Kubrick, at a Distance"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104173552/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/features/kubrick1987.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Stanley+Kubrick%2C+at+a+Distance&rft.date=1987-06-28&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Fkubrick1987.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2003" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XBQi4cCEYNIC">Stanley Kubrick: Visual Poet 1928–1999</a>. Taschen GmbH. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-2775-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-2775-0"><bdi>978-3-8365-2775-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826091619/https://books.google.com/books?id=XBQi4cCEYNIC">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2016. 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Da Capo Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alistnationalsoc00jayc/page/81">81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81096-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81096-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81096-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+List%3A+The+National+Society+of+Film+Critics%27+100+Essential+Films&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81096-1&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falistnationalsoc00jayc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmsite.org/alist.html">"100 Essential Films by The National Society of Film Critics"</a>. filmsite.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716022159/https://www.filmsite.org/alist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=filmsite.org&rft.atitle=100+Essential+Films+by+The+National+Society+of+Film+Critics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Falist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.listal.com/list/sight-sound-1982">"Sight & Sound Greatest Films Poll 1982"</a>. listal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603144147/https://www.listal.com/list/sight-sound-1982">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. 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Retrieved 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sight+and+Sound+Poll+1992%3A+Critics&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumnus.caltech.edu%2F~ejohnson%2Fsight%2F1992_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S&S-241"><a href="#cite_ref-S&S_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020816030430/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics.html">"Critics Top Ten Poll 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b9450a5/sightandsoundpoll2012">the original</a> on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sight+%26+Sound&rft.atitle=Votes+for+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%281968%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b6b9450a5%2Fsightandsoundpoll2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-243"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeron2008" class="citation web cs1">Heron, Ambrose (23 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmdetail.com/2008/11/23/cahiers-du-cinemas-100-greatest-films/">"Cahiers du cinéma's 100 Greatest Films"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716224153/http://www.filmdetail.com/2008/11/23/cahiers-du-cinemas-100-greatest-films/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cahiers+du+cin%C3%A9ma%27s+100+Greatest+Films&rft.date=2008-11-23&rft.aulast=Heron&rft.aufirst=Ambrose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmdetail.com%2F2008%2F11%2F23%2Fcahiers-du-cinemas-100-greatest-films%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoard2010" class="citation news cs1">Shoard, Catherine (21 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/21/space-odyssey-kubrick-science-fiction">"2001: A Space Odessy: the best sci-fi and fantasy film of all time"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718162911/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/21/space-odyssey-kubrick-science-fiction">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odessy%3A+the+best+sci-fi+and+fantasy+film+of+all+time&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft.aulast=Shoard&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2010%2Foct%2F21%2Fspace-odyssey-kubrick-science-fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150720-the-100-greatest-american-films">"The 100 Greatest American Films"</a>. bbc. 20 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114132906/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150720-the-100-greatest-american-films">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc&rft.atitle=The+100+Greatest+American+Films&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F20150720-the-100-greatest-american-films&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130328133050/http://www.loc.gov/film/registry_titles.php">"National Film Registry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> (National Film Preservation Board, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>). 13 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/film/registry_titles.php">the original</a> on 28 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Film+Registry&rft.pub=National+Film+Registry+%28National+Film+Preservation+Board%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft.date=2011-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ffilm%2Fregistry_titles.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106083521/http://www.themovingarts.com/100-greatest-movies-of-all-time/">"The Moving Arts Film Journal | TMA's 100 Greatest Films of All Time | web site"</a>. 13 November 2010. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Moving+Arts+Film+Journal+%26%23124%3B+TMA%27s+100+Greatest+Films+of+All+Time+%26%23124%3B+web+site&rft.date=2010-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themovingarts.com%2F100-greatest-movies-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226091025/http://www.miramax.com/subscript/scorseses-favorite-films">"Scorsese's 12 favorite films"</a>. Miramax.com. 29 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miramax.com/subscript/scorseses-favorite-films">the original</a> on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miramax.com&rft.atitle=Scorsese%27s+12+favorite+films&rft.date=2013-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miramax.com%2Fsubscript%2Fscorseses-favorite-films&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazan2009" class="citation web cs1">Kazan, Casey (10 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110321121445/http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/07/ridley-scott-science-fiction-is-dead.html">"Ridley Scott: 'After 2001 – A Space Odyssey, Science Fiction is Dead'"</a>. Dailygalaxy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/07/ridley-scott-science-fiction-is-dead.html">the original</a> on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dailygalaxy.com&rft.atitle=Ridley+Scott%3A+%27After+2001+%E2%80%93+A+Space+Odyssey%2C+Science+Fiction+is+Dead%27&rft.date=2009-07-10&rft.aulast=Kazan&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailygalaxy.com%2Fmy_weblog%2F2009%2F07%2Fridley-scott-science-fiction-is-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiment1972" class="citation book cs1">Ciment, Michel (1972). "Odyssey of Stanley Kubrick". 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Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-795179-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-795179-6"><bdi>978-0-13-795179-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Odyssey+of+Stanley+Kubrick&rft.btitle=Focus+on+the+Science+Fiction+Film&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-13-795179-6&rft.aulast=Ciment&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffocusonsciencefi00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMet" class="citation web cs1">DeMet, George D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/essay09.html">"The Search for Meaning in 2001"</a>. The 2001 Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426050647/http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/essay09.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+2001+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+Meaning+in+2001&rft.aulast=DeMet&rft.aufirst=George+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palantir.net%2F2001%2Fmeanings%2Fessay09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/sciencenotfiction/2009/04/02/this-day-in-science-fiction-history-2001-a-space-odyssey/">"This Day in Science Fiction History – 2001: A Space Odyssey | Discover Magazine"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blogs.discovermagazine.com&rft.atitle=This+Day+in+Science+Fiction+History+%E2%80%93+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%26%23124%3B+Discover+Magazine&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.discovermagazine.com%2Fsciencenotfiction%2F2009%2F04%2F02%2Fthis-day-in-science-fiction-history-2001-a-space-odyssey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tifftrumbull-253"><a href="#cite_ref-tifftrumbull_253-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHjLsvEOeS0">DOUGLAS TRUMBULL – Lighting the Enterprise – Star Trek</a> (<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>). <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a>. 27 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130065111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHjLsvEOeS0">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOUGLAS+TRUMBULL+%E2%80%93+Lighting+the+Enterprise+%E2%80%93+Star+Trek&rft.pub=Toronto+International+Film+Festival&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHHjLsvEOeS0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHpCeBQ5Xug&t=189s">"The Making of "2010: The Year We Make Contact""</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 6 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322213834/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHpCeBQ5Xug&t=189s">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+%222010%3A+The+Year+We+Make+Contact%22&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtHpCeBQ5Xug%26t%3D189s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010featurette-255"><a href="#cite_ref-2010featurette_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Mark Stetson (model shop supervisor) (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070824064532/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235153/">2010: The Odyssey Continues</a> (DVD). ZM Productions/MGM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdb.com/title/tt0235153/">the original</a> on 24 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010%3A+The+Odyssey+Continues&rft.pub=ZM+Productions%2FMGM&rft.date=1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0235153%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starshipmodeler.com/2001/2001int.htm">"Starship Modeler: Modeling 2001 and 2010 Spacecraft"</a>. Starship Modeler. 19 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820130341/http://www.starshipmodeler.com/2001/2001int.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2006. 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Retrieved 12 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Nolan%27s+Version+of+Vinyl%3A+Unrestoring+%272001%27&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.aulast=Deb&rft.aufirst=Sopan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F11%2Fmovies%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-christopher-nolan-cannes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cannes-classics-to-celebrate-the-50th-anniversary-of-2001-a-space-odyssey">"Cannes Classics to celebrate the 50th anniversary of 2001: A Space Odyssey"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Nolan+returns+Kubrick+sci-fi+masterpiece+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+to+its+original+glory&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fla-ca-mn-christopher-nolan-2001-20180503-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imax.com/News/2001-A-Space-Odyssey-in-IMAX">"Experience Stanley Kubrick's '2001: A Space Odyssey' in IMAX for the First Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>. 31 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906215816/https://www.imax.com/News/2001-A-Space-Odyssey-in-IMAX">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMAX&rft.atitle=Experience+Stanley+Kubrick%27s+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27+in+IMAX+for+the+First+Time&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imax.com%2FNews%2F2001-A-Space-Odyssey-in-IMAX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VERGE-20181203-278"><a href="#cite_ref-VERGE-20181203_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByford2018" class="citation web cs1">Byford, Sam (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/12/3/18123433/2001-a-space-odyssey-8k-tv-nhk-japan">"2001: A Space Odyssey's 8K TV broadcast doesn't quite go beyond the infinite"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183647/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/12/3/18123433/2001-a-space-odyssey-8k-tv-nhk-japan">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27s+8K+TV+broadcast+doesn%27t+quite+go+beyond+the+infinite&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Byford&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2Fcircuitbreaker%2F2018%2F12%2F3%2F18123433%2F2001-a-space-odyssey-8k-tv-nhk-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgel1970" class="citation book cs1">Agel, Jerome, ed. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofkubricks00agel">The Making of Kubrick's 2001</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">New American Library</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-07139-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-07139-5"><bdi>0-451-07139-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Kubrick%27s+2001&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-451-07139-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofkubricks00agel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBizony2001" class="citation book cs1">Bizony, Piers (2001). 2001 Filming the Future. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-706-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-706-2"><bdi>1-85410-706-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001+Filming+the+Future&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-85410-706-2&rft.aulast=Bizony&rft.aufirst=Piers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastle2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Castle" title="Alison Castle">Castle, Alison</a>, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707135608/http://www.taschen.com/pages/en/catalogue/books/film/new/facts/00301.htm">The Stanley Kubrick Archives</a>. Cologne: <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-2284-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-2284-5"><bdi>978-3-8228-2284-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taschen.com/pages/en/catalogue/books/film/new/facts/00301.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanley+Kubrick+Archives&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-2284-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taschen.com%2Fpages%2Fen%2Fcatalogue%2Fbooks%2Ffilm%2Fnew%2Ffacts%2F00301.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlockWilson2010" class="citation book cs1">Block, Alex Ben; Wilson, Lucy Autrey, eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex">George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177889-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-177889-6"><bdi>978-0-06-177889-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218133047/https://archive.org/details/georgelucassbloc00alex">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Lucas%27s+Blockbusting%3A+A+Decade-by-Decade+Survey+of+Timeless+Movies+Including+Untold+Secrets+of+Their+Financial+and+Cultural+Success&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-06-177889-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeorgelucassbloc00alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapmanCull2013" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, James; Cull, Nicholas J. (5 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jEIHfOErcsC&pg=PA97">Projecting Tomorrow: Science Fiction and Popular Cinema</a>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-410-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-410-8"><bdi>978-1-78076-410-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231433/https://books.google.com/books?id=0jEIHfOErcsC&pg=PA97">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Projecting+Tomorrow%3A+Science+Fiction+and+Popular+Cinema&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-410-8&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Cull%2C+Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0jEIHfOErcsC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiment1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ciment" title="Michel Ciment">Ciment, Michel</a> (1999) [1980]. Kubrick. New York: Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-21108-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-21108-9"><bdi>0-571-21108-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kubrick&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-571-21108-9&rft.aulast=Ciment&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Clarke, Arthur C.</a> (1972). <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Worlds_of_2001" title="The Lost Worlds of 2001">The Lost Worlds of 2001</a>. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-283-97903-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-283-97903-8"><bdi>0-283-97903-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Worlds+of+2001&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-283-97903-8&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiell2005" class="citation book cs1">Fiell, Charlotte (2005). 1,000 Chairs (Taschen 25). Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-4103-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8228-4103-7"><bdi>978-3-8228-4103-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1%2C000+Chairs+%28Taschen+25%29&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-8228-4103-7&rft.aulast=Fiell&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelmis1970" class="citation book cs1">Gelmis, Joseph (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmdirectorassu0000gelm">The Film Director As Superstar</a>. New York: Doubleday & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Film+Director+As+Superstar&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Gelmis&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmdirectorassu0000gelm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeduld1973" class="citation book cs1">Geduld, Carolyn (1973). "4. The Production: A Calendar". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmguideto2001s0000gedu">Filmguide to 2001: A Space Odyssey</a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39305-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39305-0"><bdi>978-0-253-39305-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+The+Production%3A+A+Calendar&rft.btitle=Filmguide+to+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-253-39305-0&rft.aulast=Geduld&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmguideto2001s0000gedu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2000" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, David (2000). The Complete Kubrick. London: Virgin Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7535-0452-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7535-0452-9"><bdi>0-7535-0452-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Kubrick&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Virgin+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7535-0452-9&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolker2006" class="citation book cs1">Kolker, Robert, ed. (2006). Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey: New Essays. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517453-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517453-4"><bdi>0-19-517453-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick%27s+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%3A+New+Essays&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-517453-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrämer2010" class="citation book cs1">Krämer, Peter (2010). 2001: A Space Odyssey. BFI Film Classics. London: British Film Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.place=London&rft.series=BFI+Film+Classics&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%A4mer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoBrutto1998" class="citation book cs1">LoBrutto, Vincent (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stanleykubrickbi00lobr">Stanley Kubrick</a>. London: Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-19393-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-19393-5"><bdi>0-571-19393-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-571-19393-5&rft.aulast=LoBrutto&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstanleykubrickbi00lobr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAleer1992" class="citation book cs1">McAleer, Neil (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LW5aAAAAMAAJ">Arthur C. Clarke. The Authorized Biography</a>. Contemporary Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8092-4324-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8092-4324-5"><bdi>0-8092-4324-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114042914/https://books.google.com/books?id=LW5aAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthur+C.+Clarke.+The+Authorized+Biography&rft.pub=Contemporary+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8092-4324-5&rft.aulast=McAleer&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLW5aAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAleer2013" class="citation book cs1">McAleer, Neil (1 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pU8qAAAAQBAJ">Sir Arthur C. Clarke: Odyssey of a Visionary: A Biography</a>. RosettaBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9848118-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9848118-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9848118-0-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718004858/https://books.google.com/books?id=pU8qAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Arthur+C.+Clarke%3A+Odyssey+of+a+Visionary%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=RosettaBooks&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.isbn=978-0-9848118-0-9&rft.aulast=McAleer&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpU8qAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaco2001" class="citation book cs1">Monaco, Paul (2001). The Sixties, 1960–69, History of American Cinema. London: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sixties%2C+1960%E2%80%9369%2C+History+of+American+Cinema&rft.place=London&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPina2002" class="citation book cs1">Pina, Leslie A. (2002). Herman Miller Office. Pennsylvania, United States: Schiffer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1650-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-1650-0"><bdi>978-0-7643-1650-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herman+Miller+Office&rft.place=Pennsylvania%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7643-1650-0&rft.aulast=Pina&rft.aufirst=Leslie+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter2002" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Daniel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moonwatchersmemo00rich">Moonwatcher's Memoir: A Diary of 2001: A Space Odyssey</a>. foreword by Arthur C. Clarke. New York City: Carroll & Graf Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-1073-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-1073-X"><bdi>0-7867-1073-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moonwatcher%27s+Memoir%3A+A+Diary+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7867-1073-X&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoonwatchersmemo00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwam2010" class="citation book cs1">Schwam, Stephanie, ed. (2010) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC">The Making of 2001: A Space Odyssey</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cocks" title="Jay Cocks">Jay Cocks</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-75760-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-75760-9"><bdi>978-0-307-75760-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114041216/https://books.google.com/books?id=j_EmH_W4I7YC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-75760-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_EmH_W4I7YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1971" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alexander (1971). Stanley Kubrick Directs. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-32119-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-32119-3"><bdi>0-393-32119-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick+Directs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-393-32119-3&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2000" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alexander (2000). Stanley Kubrick, director. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-32119-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-32119-3"><bdi>0-393-32119-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stanley+Kubrick%2C+director&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+and+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-393-32119-3&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"> Note: This is a revised edition of <a href="#CITEREFWalker1971">Walker 1971</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheat2000" class="citation book cs1">Wheat, Leonard F. (2000). Kubrick's 2001: A Triple Allegory. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3796-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3796-X"><bdi>0-8108-3796-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kubrick%27s+2001%3A+A+Triple+Allegory&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8108-3796-X&rft.aulast=Wheat&rft.aufirst=Leonard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Emme" title="Eugene M. Emme">Emme, Eugene M.</a>, ed. (1982). Science fiction and space futures – past and present. AAS History Series. Vol. 5. San Diego: Univelt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87703-172-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87703-172-X"><bdi>0-87703-172-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+fiction+and+space+futures+%E2%80%93+past+and+present&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.series=AAS+History+Series&rft.pub=Univelt&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-87703-172-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Frayling, Christopher (2015). The 2001 File: Harry Lange and the Design of the Landmark Science Fiction Film. London: Reel Art Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9572610-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9572610-2-0"><bdi>978-0-9572610-2-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2001+File%3A+Harry+Lange+and+the+Design+of+the+Landmark+Science+Fiction+Film&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reel+Art+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9572610-2-0&rft.aulast=Frayling&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Adam (2012). 2001 The Lost Science. Burlington Canada: Apogee Prime. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-19-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-19-2"><bdi>978-1-926837-19-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001+The+Lost+Science&rft.place=Burlington+Canada&rft.pub=Apogee+Prime&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-926837-19-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Adam (2016). 2001 The Lost Science Volume 2. Burlington Canada: Apogee Prime. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-35-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-35-2"><bdi>978-1-926837-35-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001+The+Lost+Science+Volume+2&rft.place=Burlington+Canada&rft.pub=Apogee+Prime&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-926837-35-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mathijs" title="Ernest Mathijs">Mathijs, Ernest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Mendik" title="Xavier Mendik">Mendik, Xavier</a> (2011). "2001: A Space Odyssey". <a href="/wiki/100_Cult_Films" title="100 Cult Films">100 Cult Films</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-571-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-571-8"><bdi>978-1-84457-571-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey&rft.btitle=100+Cult+Films&rft.place=London&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84457-571-8&rft.aulast=Mathijs&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.au=Mendik%2C+Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I._Ordway_III" title="Frederick I. Ordway III">Ordway, Frederick I</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Godwin" title="Robert Godwin">Godwin, Robert</a> (2014). 2001 The Heritage & Legacy of the Space Odyssey. Burlington Canada: Apogee Prime. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-32-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926837-32-1"><bdi>978-1-926837-32-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2001+The+Heritage+%26+Legacy+of+the+Space+Odyssey&rft.place=Burlington+Canada&rft.pub=Apogee+Prime&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-926837-32-1&rft.aulast=Ordway&rft.aufirst=Frederick+I&rft.au=Godwin%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Shuldiner, Herbert (June 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mykDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62">"How They Filmed '2001: A Space Odyssey'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a>. Vol. 192, no. 6. <a href="/wiki/Bonnier_Corporation" title="Bonnier Corporation">Bonnier Corporation</a>. pp. 62–67. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-7370">0161-7370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=How+They+Filmed+%272001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey%27&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.date=1968-06&rft.issn=0161-7370&rft.aulast=Shuldiner&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmykDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Wigley, Samuel (28 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/2001-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick-influences">"50 years of 2001: A Space Odyssey – 5 films that influenced Kubrick's giant leap for sci-fi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bfi.org.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bfi.org.uk">bfi.org.uk</a>. Retrieved 14 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfi.org.uk&rft.atitle=50+years+of+2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey+%E2%80%93+5+films+that+influenced+Kubrick%27s+giant+leap+for+sci-fi&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft.aulast=Wigley&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Flists%2F2001-space-odyssey-stanley-kubrick-influences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001%3A+A+Space+Odyssey" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> 2001: A Space Odyssey at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" class="extiw" title="c:Category:2001: A Space Odyssey">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="extiw" title="q:2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474" class="extiw" title="d:Q103474">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/2001.pdf">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> essay by James Verniere at <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=deq3xI8OmCkC">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826429777" title="Special:BookSources/0826429777">0826429777</a>, pages 635–636</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/2001_a_space_odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#P1258" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/628/enwp">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#P2631" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/23399">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#P3593" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyscript.com/scripts/2001.html">2001: A Space Odyssey Script on dailyscripts.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001archive.org/">2001: A Space Odyssey Internet Resource Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubrick2001.com/">Kubrick 2001: The Space Odyssey Explained</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19970327/REVIEWS08/401010362/1023">Roger Ebert's Essay on 2001</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407094155/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19970327%2FREVIEWS08%2F401010362%2F1023">Archived</a> 7 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krusch.com/kubrick/kq.html">The Alt.Movies.Kubrick FAQ</a> many observations on the meaning of 2001</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/amk/">The Kubrick Site</a> including many works on 2001</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_Odyssey" title="Template:Space Odyssey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Odyssey" title="Template talk:Space Odyssey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Odyssey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Odyssey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Odyssey77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Odyssey" title="Space Odyssey">Space Odyssey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sentinel_(short_story)" title="The Sentinel (short story)">The Sentinel</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Encounter_in_the_Dawn" title="Encounter in the Dawn">Encounter in the Dawn</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(novel)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010:_Odyssey_Two" title="2010: Odyssey Two">2010: Odyssey Two</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2061:_Odyssey_Three" title="2061: Odyssey Three">2061: Odyssey Three</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3001:_The_Final_Odyssey" title="3001: The Final Odyssey">3001: The Final Odyssey</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Worlds_of_2001" title="The Lost Worlds of 2001">The Lost Worlds of 2001</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(comics)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monolith_(Space_Odyssey)" title="Monolith (Space Odyssey)">Monoliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(Space_Odyssey_spaceship)" title="Discovery (Space Odyssey spaceship)">Discovery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAL_9000" title="HAL 9000">HAL 9000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey">Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technologies_in_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey">Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_in_popular_culture" title="2001: A Space Odyssey in popular culture">2001: A Space Odyssey in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(soundtrack)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack)">2001: A Space Odyssey soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(score)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (score)">Alex North's 2001: A Space Odyssey score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poole_versus_HAL_9000" title="Poole versus HAL 9000">Poole versus HAL 9000 (chess game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Five" title="Jupiter Five">Jupiter Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Man" title="Machine Man">Machine Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Time_Odyssey" title="A Time Odyssey">A Time Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9000_Hal" title="9000 Hal">9000 Hal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stanley_Kubrick530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stanley_Kubrick" title="Template:Stanley Kubrick"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stanley_Kubrick" title="Template talk:Stanley Kubrick"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley_Kubrick" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley Kubrick"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stanley_Kubrick530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick_Archive" title="Stanley Kubrick Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick_bibliography" title="Stanley Kubrick bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick_filmography" title="Stanley Kubrick filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Stanley_Kubrick" title="List of accolades received by Stanley Kubrick">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_Stanley_Kubrick" title="Influence of Stanley Kubrick">Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_life_of_Stanley_Kubrick" title="Personal life of Stanley Kubrick">Personal life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_religious_beliefs_of_Stanley_Kubrick" title="Political and religious beliefs of Stanley Kubrick">Political and religious beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Stanley Kubrick's unrealized projects">Unrealized projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fear_and_Desire" title="Fear and Desire">Fear and Desire</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer%27s_Kiss" title="Killer's Kiss">Killer's Kiss</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_(film)" title="The Killing (film)">The Killing</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paths_of_Glory" title="Paths of Glory">Paths of Glory</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_(1962_film)" title="Lolita (1962 film)">Lolita</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> (1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Lyndon" title="Barry Lyndon">Barry Lyndon</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(film)" title="The Shining (film)">The Shining</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Metal_Jacket" title="Full Metal Jacket">Full Metal Jacket</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Shut" title="Eyes Wide Shut">Eyes Wide Shut</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Fight" title="Day of the Fight">Day of the Fight</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Padre" title="Flying Padre">Flying Padre</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seafarers" title="The Seafarers">The Seafarers</a> (1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick:_Drama_%26_Shadows:_Photographs_1945%E2%80%931950" title="Stanley Kubrick: Drama & Shadows: Photographs 1945–1950">Stanley Kubrick: Drama & Shadows: Photographs 1945–1950</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey">Interpretations of 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_cast_members_in_Stanley_Kubrick_films" title="List of recurring cast members in Stanley Kubrick films">Recurring cast members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrick_Mons" title="Kubrick Mons">Kubrick Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrick_stare" title="Kubrick stare">Kubrick stare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRM_114_(fictional_device)" title="CRM 114 (fictional device)">CRM 114</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Assembly_of_Youth_(film)" title="World Assembly of Youth (film)">World Assembly of Youth</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangers_Kiss" title="Strangers Kiss">Strangers Kiss</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick:_A_Life_in_Pictures" title="Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures">Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_Me_Kubrick" title="Colour Me Kubrick">Colour Me Kubrick</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick%27s_Boxes" title="Stanley Kubrick's Boxes">Stanley Kubrick's Boxes</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_237" title="Room 237">Room 237</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Is_for_Stanley" title="S Is for Stanley">S Is for Stanley</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmworker" title="Filmworker">Filmworker</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrick_by_Kubrick" title="Kubrick by Kubrick">Kubrick by Kubrick</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Sobotka" title="Ruth Sobotka">Ruth Sobotka</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Kubrick" title="Christiane Kubrick">Christiane Kubrick</a> (third wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Kubrick" title="Vivian Kubrick">Vivian Kubrick</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Harlan" title="Jan Harlan">Jan Harlan</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Frewin" title="Anthony Frewin">Anthony Frewin</a> (personal assistant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Vitali" title="Leon Vitali">Leon Vitali</a> (personal assistant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Conway" title="Alan Conway">Alan Conway</a> (con-man)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinerama66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinerama" title="Template:Cinerama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinerama" title="Template talk:Cinerama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinerama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cinerama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinerama66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-panel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Cinerama" title="This Is Cinerama">This Is Cinerama</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Holiday" title="Cinerama Holiday">Cinerama Holiday</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_World_(film)" title="Seven Wonders of the World (film)">Seven Wonders of the World</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_Paradise" title="Search for Paradise">Search for Paradise</a> (1957)</li> <li>South Seas Adventure (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windjammer_(1958_film)" title="Windjammer (1958 film)">Windjammer</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_World_of_the_Brothers_Grimm" title="The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm">The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scent_of_Mystery" title="Scent of Mystery">Holiday in Spain</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_West_Was_Won_(film)" title="How the West Was Won (film)">How the West Was Won</a> (1962)</li> <li>The Best of Cinerama (1963)</li> <li>Cinerama's Russian Adventure (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">70 mm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_World_(film)" title="Circus World (film)">Circus World</a> (1964)</li> <li>Mediterranean Holiday (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hallelujah_Trail" title="The Hallelujah Trail">The Hallelujah Trail</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge_(1965_film)" title="Battle of the Bulge (1965 film)">Battle of the Bulge</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum (film)">Khartoum</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(1966_film)" title="Grand Prix (1966 film)">Grand Prix</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_of_the_West" title="Custer of the West">Custer of the West</a> (1967)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Station_Zebra" title="Ice Station Zebra">Ice Station Zebra</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krakatoa,_East_of_Java" title="Krakatoa, East of Java">Krakatoa, East of Java</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Norway_(film)" title="Song of Norway (film)">Song of Norway</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Waltz_(1972_film)" title="The Great Waltz (1972 film)">The Great Waltz</a> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">Fisheye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_the_Moon_and_Beyond" title="To the Moon and Beyond">To the Moon and Beyond</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinerama_venues" title="Category:Cinerama venues">Venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Dome" title="Cinerama Dome">Cinerama Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictureville_Cinema" title="Pictureville Cinema">Pictureville Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Cinerama" title="Seattle Cinerama">Seattle Cinerama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hills_Theater" title="Indian Hills Theater">Indian Hills Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_E._Reeves" title="Hazard E. Reeves">Hazard E. Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Thomas" title="Lowell Thomas">Lowell Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Mike Todd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinemiracle" title="Cinemiracle">Cinemiracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Adventure" title="Cinerama Adventure">Cinerama Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Releasing_Corporation" title="Cinerama Releasing Corporation">Cinerama Releasing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinopanorama" title="Kinopanorama">Kinopanorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-image" title="Multi-image">Multi-image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyvision" title="Polyvision">Polyvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Panavision_70" title="Super Panavision 70">Super Panavision 70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">Ultra Panavision 70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd-AO#Todd-AO_format" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waller_Gunnery_Trainer" title="Waller Gunnery Trainer">Waller Gunnery Trainer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_2001:_A_Space_Odyssey103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for 2001: A Space Odyssey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1963–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kosa_Jr." title="Emil Kosa Jr.">Emil Kosa Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellenshaw" title="Peter Ellenshaw">Peter Ellenshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Luske" title="Hamilton Luske">Hamilton Luske</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(film)" title="Thunderball (film)">Thunderball</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Cruickshank" title="Art Cruickshank">Art Cruickshank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage" title="Fantastic Voyage">Fantastic Voyage</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)">Doctor Dolittle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Robbie Robertson (visual effects artist)">Robbie Robertson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marooned_(1969_film)" title="Marooned (1969 film)">Marooned</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Maley" title="Alan Maley">Alan Maley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Lee_(special_effects_artist)" title="Danny Lee (special effects artist)">Danny Lee</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bedknobs_and_Broomsticks" title="Bedknobs and Broomsticks">Bedknobs and Broomsticks</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)" title="The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)">The Poseidon Adventure</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brendel" title="Frank Brendel">Frank Brendel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)" title="Earthquake (1974 film)">Earthquake</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hindenburg_(film)" title="The Hindenburg (film)">The Hindenburg</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Van_der_Veer" title="Frank Van der Veer">Frank Van der Veer</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McCune" title="Grant McCune">Grant McCune</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blalack" title="Robert Blalack">Robert Blalack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bowie" title="Les Bowie">Les Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chilvers" title="Colin Chilvers">Colin Chilvers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denys_Coop" title="Denys Coop">Denys Coop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Field" title="Roy Field">Roy Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Perisic_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Zoran Perisic (visual effects artist)">Zoran Perisic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ayling" title="Dennis Ayling">Dennis Ayling</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Farrar" title="Scott Farrar">Scott Farrar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Berry_(special_effects_artist)" title="David Berry (special effects artist)">David Berry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(film)" title="Cocoon (film)">Cocoon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Bill George (visual effects supervisor)">Bill George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harley_Jessup" title="Harley Jessup">Harley Jessup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> - <a href="/wiki/Innerspace" title="Innerspace">Innerspace</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruno_(special_effects)" title="John Bruno (special effects)">John Bruno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Yeatman" title="Hoyt Yeatman">Hoyt Yeatman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skotak" title="Dennis Skotak">Dennis Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Abyss" title="The Abyss">The Abyss</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Brevig" title="Eric Brevig">Eric Brevig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bottin" title="Rob Bottin">Rob Bottin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGovern" title="Tim McGovern">Tim McGovern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smythe" title="Douglas Smythe">Douglas Smythe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Woodruff_Jr." title="Tom Woodruff Jr.">Tom Woodruff Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Anderson" title="Scott E. Anderson">Scott E. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Cox (special effects artist)">John Cox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babe_(film)" title="Babe (film)">Babe</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Engel" title="Volker Engel">Volker Engel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smith_(special_effects_artist)" title="Douglas Smith (special effects artist)">Douglas Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Pinney" title="Clay Pinney">Clay Pinney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Viskocil" title="Joe Viskocil">Joe Viskocil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lasoff" title="Mark Lasoff">Mark Lasoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Fisher" title="Thomas L. Fisher">Thomas L. Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hynek" title="Joel Hynek">Joel Hynek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brooks_(special_effects_artist)" title="Nicholas Brooks (special effects artist)">Nicholas Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Stuart Robertson (visual effects artist)">Stuart Robertson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mack_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Kevin Mack (visual effects artist)">Kevin Mack</a> – <a href="/wiki/What_Dreams_May_Come_(film)" title="What Dreams May Come (film)">What Dreams May Come</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Harvey_(special_effects_artist)" title="Rob Harvey (special effects artist)">Rob Harvey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stokdyk" title="Scott Stokdyk">Scott Stokdyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_LaMolinara" title="Anthony LaMolinara">Anthony LaMolinara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_2" title="Spider-Man 2">Spider-Man 2</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Preeg" title="Steve Preeg">Steve Preeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Dalton" title="Burt Dalton">Burt Dalton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Williams" title="Joss Williams">Joss Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Grossmann" title="Ben Grossmann">Ben Grossmann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henning" title="Alex Henning">Alex Henning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_R._Elliott" title="Donald R. Elliott">Donald R. Elliott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_Ardington" title="Mark Williams Ardington">Mark Williams Ardington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bennett" title="Sara Bennett">Sara Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Norris_(visual_effects)" title="Paul Norris (visual effects)">Paul Norris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Whitehurst" title="Andrew Whitehurst">Andrew Whitehurst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)" title="Ex Machina (film)">Ex Machina</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Schwalm" title="J. D. Schwalm">J. D. Schwalm</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Man_(film)" title="First Man (film)">First Man</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> – <a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(visual_effects_artist)" title="David Lee (visual effects artist)">David Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Yamazaki" title="Takashi Yamazaki">Takashi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiyoko_Shibuya" title="Kiyoko Shibuya">Kiyoko Shibuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masaki_Takahashi" title="Masaki Takahashi">Masaki Takahashi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatsuji_Nojima" title="Tatsuji Nojima">Tatsuji Nojima</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_International_Film141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DDBF5F"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_International_Film" title="Template:David di Donatello for Best International Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_International_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:David di Donatello for Best International Film (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_International_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David di Donatello for Best International Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_International_Film141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_International_Film" title="David di Donatello for Best International Film">David di Donatello Award for Best International Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1950s–1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl" title="The Prince and the Showgirl">The Prince and the Showgirl</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)">Gigi</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(film)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)">The Agony and the Ecstasy</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(film)" title="Doctor Zhivago (film)">Doctor Zhivago</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guess_Who%27s_Coming_to_Dinner" title="Guess Who's Coming to Dinner">Guess Who's Coming to Dinner</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1970–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter_(1968_film)" title="The Lion in Winter (1968 film)">The Lion in Winter</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan%27s_Daughter" title="Ryan's Daughter">Ryan's Daughter</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Connection_(film)" title="The French Connection (film)">The French Connection</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar_(film)" title="Jesus Christ Superstar (film)">Jesus Christ Superstar</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Towering_Inferno" title="The Towering Inferno">The Towering Inferno</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_(film)" title="Nashville (film)">Nashville</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film)" title="Marathon Man (film)">Marathon Man</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind" title="Close Encounters of the Third Kind">Close Encounters of the Third Kind</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wishing_Tree_(1976_film)" title="The Wishing Tree (1976 film)">The Wishing Tree</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephisto_(1981_film)" title="Mephisto (1981 film)">Mephisto</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_and_Alexander" title="Fanny and Alexander">Fanny and Alexander</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Africa_(film)" title="Out of Africa (film)">Out of Africa</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View_(1985_film)" title="A Room with a View (1985 film)">A Room with a View</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_revoir_les_enfants" title="Au revoir les enfants">Au revoir les enfants</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Poets_Society" title="Dead Poets Society">Dead Poets Society</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(1990_film)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (1990 film)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_the_Red_Lantern" title="Raise the Red Lantern">Raise the Red Lantern</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Heart_in_Winter" title="A Heart in Winter">A Heart in Winter</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_the_Father" title="In the Name of the Father">In the Name of the Father</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_and_Mr._Arnaud" title="Nelly and Mr. Arnaud">Nelly and Mr. Arnaud</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridicule_(film)" title="Ridicule (film)">Ridicule</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Full_Monty" title="The Full Monty">The Full Monty</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_of_Life" title="Train of Life">Train of Life</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_About_My_Mother" title="All About My Mother">All About My Mother</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Taste_of_Others" title="The Taste of Others">The Taste of Others</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wasn%27t_There_(2001_film)" title="The Man Who Wasn't There (2001 film)">The Man Who Wasn't There</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)" title="The Pianist (2002 film)">The Pianist</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barbarian_Invasions" title="The Barbarian Invasions">The Barbarian Invasions</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_(2004_film)" title="Crash (2004 film)">Crash</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel_(film)" title="Babel (film)">Babel</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Country_for_Old_Men" title="No Country for Old Men">No Country for Old Men</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Torino" title="Gran Torino">Gran Torino</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglourious_Basterds" title="Inglourious Basterds">Inglourious Basterds</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereafter_(film)" title="Hereafter (film)">Hereafter</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Separation" title="A Separation">A Separation</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Django_Unchained" title="Django Unchained">Django Unchained</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel" title="The Grand Budapest Hotel">The Grand Budapest Hotel</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdman_(film)" title="Birdman (film)">Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Spies_(film)" title="Bridge of Spies (film)">Bridge of Spies</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_Animals" title="Nocturnal Animals">Nocturnal Animals</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(2017_film)" title="Dunkirk (2017 film)">Dunkirk</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_(film)" title="Belfast (film)">Belfast</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabelmans" title="The Fabelmans">The Fabelmans</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_a_Fall" title="Anatomy of a Fall">Anatomy of a Fall</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DBD7D2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template talk:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Shrinking_Man" title="The Incredible Shrinking Man">The Incredible Shrinking Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Menagerie_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)">The Menagerie</a>"</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever" title="The City on the Edge of Forever">The City on the Edge of Forever</a>"</li> <li>1969: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: News coverage of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Dog_(1975_film)" title="A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)">A Boy and His Dog</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Bride_(film)" title="The Princess Bride (film)">The Princess Bride</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands" title="Edward Scissorhands">Edward Scissorhands</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Light_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="The Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">The Inner Light</a>"</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/All_Good_Things..._(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="All Good Things... (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">All Good Things...</a>"</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_Shadows" title="The Coming of Shadows">The Coming of Shadows</a>"</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Severed_Dreams" title="Severed Dreams">Severed Dreams</a>"</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/The_Truman_Show" title="The Truman Show">The Truman Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/21px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/42px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Sf-userbox.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/19px-Sf-userbox.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/29px-Sf-userbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/38px-Sf-userbox.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103474#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://www.idref.fr/050345079">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&oldid=1276145979">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2001:_A_Space_Odyssey&oldid=1276145979</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_films" title="Category:1968 films">1968 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_science_fiction_films" title="Category:1960s science fiction films">1960s science fiction films</a></li><li><a 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[\"CITEREFChristie2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCiment1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCiment1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoate\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeMet\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeMet1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeb2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelany1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDirks\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDuckworth2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyson1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrederick1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeduld1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelmis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelmis1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamedy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHandy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHandy2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHart2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeron2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigham,_Nick2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoad2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHofsess1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouston1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKauffmann1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKazan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenigsberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlady1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrämer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLacey2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLester1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLightman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLightman1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoBrutto1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAleer1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAleer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMonaco2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMondello,_Bob2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpaskar2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOverbye2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParrett2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPina2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRice2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberte\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSagan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwam2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciretta2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlayton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSneider2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTIFF_Originals2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrumbull1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuran2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebster2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestfahl2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheat2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiseman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFdel_Rey1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFmadebycat.com2019\"] = 1,\n [\"ID\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 11,\n [\"'\"] = 9,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 2,\n [\"'s\"] = 3,\n [\"AFI film\"] = 2,\n [\"Academy Award Best Visual Effects\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"Castlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Cinerama\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AV media notes\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 55,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 109,\n [\"Convert\"] = 11,\n [\"David di Donatello Best Foreign Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Draw\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 5,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 85,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 1,\n [\"Hatnote\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation 1958–1980\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation/fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation/year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 7,\n [\"Nom\"] = 7,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Open access\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaceodyssey\"] = 1,\n [\"Stanley Kubrick\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Won\"] = 10,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","200","12.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","11.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","9.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","8.6"],["recursiveClone 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