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5.65545 16.6336 5.51287 16.9663C5.32277 17.3465 4.94257 17.5366 4.9901 18.0118C4.9901 18.2019 5.03762 18.392 4.9901 18.5821C4.94257 18.8198 4.84752 18.9623 4.8 19.2C4.70495 19.4851 4.6099 20.3881 4.51485 20.6257L5.27525 20.5307C5.3703 20.3406 5.41782 19.4851 5.46535 19.3901C5.60792 18.9623 5.79802 18.6297 6.08317 18.297C6.36832 17.9643 6.36832 17.5841 6.51089 17.2039C6.70099 16.7762 6.93861 16.4911 7.17624 16.1109C7.60396 15.4455 7.88911 14.5425 8.74455 14.3524C8.8396 14.3524 9.36238 14.7326 9.6 14.9703C9.88515 15.2554 10.1703 15.5406 10.3604 15.9208C10.6931 16.6336 11.0257 17.6792 11.1208 18.2019C11.1683 18.5346 11.2158 18.5346 11.4535 18.8198C11.5485 18.9148 11.7386 19.295 11.8337 19.4376C11.8812 19.5802 12.0238 19.9128 12.0713 20.1029C12.1188 20.198 12.2614 20.5307 12.3564 20.8158H13.0693C12.7842 20.0079 12.5465 19.2 12.4515 18.392Z" fill="transparent"/> <path d="M12.0714 20.0554C11.9764 19.8653 11.8813 19.5327 11.8338 19.3901C11.7863 19.2475 11.5486 18.8673 11.4536 18.7723C11.216 18.5346 11.1684 18.4871 11.1209 18.1544C11.0259 17.5841 10.6932 16.5386 10.3605 15.8732C10.1704 15.4931 9.88526 15.2079 9.60011 14.9228C9.36249 14.6851 8.83972 14.3049 8.74467 14.3049C7.8417 14.495 7.60407 15.3505 7.17635 16.0633C6.93873 16.4435 6.7011 16.7762 6.511 17.1564C6.3209 17.5366 6.36843 17.9643 6.08328 18.2495C5.79813 18.5822 5.60803 18.9148 5.46546 19.3426C5.41793 19.4376 5.37041 20.2931 5.27536 20.4831L6.60605 20.3881C7.8417 20.4832 7.4615 20.9584 9.41001 20.8633L12.4516 20.7683C12.2615 20.4832 12.1189 20.1505 12.0714 20.0554Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M20.9109 0H2.99406C1.33069 0 0 1.37822 0 3.04158V9.64752C0.427723 9.45743 1.04554 8.55446 1.23564 8.31683C1.56832 7.93663 1.61584 7.41386 1.80594 7.12871C2.18614 6.41584 2.28119 5.94059 3.13663 5.94059C3.56436 5.94059 3.70693 6.03564 3.99208 6.41584C4.18218 6.65347 4.51485 7.12871 4.65743 7.41386C4.84752 7.79406 5.13267 8.26931 5.27525 8.36436C5.3703 8.45941 5.46535 8.50693 5.5604 8.50693C5.70297 8.55446 5.79802 8.45941 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20.198 9.31485C20.2455 9.36238 20.2455 9.4099 20.3406 9.45743C20.2455 9.7901 19.9129 9.55248 19.7228 9.50495C19.4851 9.45743 19.2951 9.50495 19.0099 9.64752C18.5822 9.83762 17.9168 9.83762 17.5842 10.1228C17.2515 10.4079 17.2515 10.9782 17.1089 11.3109C17.1089 11.3109 16.6812 12.404 15.7782 13.0218C15.5406 13.2119 15.1129 13.5921 14.1149 13.7347C13.6871 13.7822 13.2594 13.8297 12.7842 13.7822C12.5465 13.7822 12.3564 13.7822 12.1188 13.7347C11.9762 13.7347 11.5485 13.7347 11.5485 13.7822L11.501 13.9248C11.501 13.9723 11.501 14.0673 11.5485 14.0673C11.5485 14.1624 11.5485 14.2574 11.596 14.3525C11.596 14.5426 11.596 14.7327 11.596 14.9228C11.596 15.303 11.7386 15.6832 11.7861 16.0634C11.7861 16.4911 12.0238 16.9663 12.2139 17.3465C12.3089 17.4891 12.404 17.4891 12.4515 17.6792C12.499 17.8693 12.4515 18.0594 12.499 18.297C12.5941 19.105 12.8317 19.9129 13.2119 20.6733C13.6396 20.5782 14.1149 20.4356 14.6851 20.3406C15.7307 20.198 17.204 20.2455 18.1545 20.198C20.5307 19.9604 21.8614 21.196 24 20.6733V3.04158C23.9525 1.37822 22.6218 0 20.9109 0Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M5.51287 16.9663C5.70297 16.5861 5.79802 16.2059 5.89307 15.8257C6.03564 15.4455 6.22574 14.9702 6.60594 14.7801C6.55842 14.7326 5.84554 14.6851 5.70297 14.6851C5.51287 14.6851 5.32277 14.6376 5.08515 14.59C4.70495 14.495 4.27723 14.4475 3.94455 14.3524C3.70693 14.3049 2.99406 14.0197 2.80396 13.9722C2.42376 13.7821 2.18614 13.3069 1.85347 13.3544C1.66337 13.4019 1.47327 13.4494 1.37822 13.6395C1.28317 13.7821 1.23564 14.0673 1.18812 14.2574C1.09307 14.4475 0.99802 14.6851 0.855446 14.8752C0.617822 15.2554 0.237624 15.5881 0.0950495 15.9207C0.0475248 16.0158 0.0475248 16.0633 0 16.1584V20.2455C0.190099 20.293 0.380198 20.3405 0.617822 20.3881C2.28119 20.8158 2.70891 20.8633 4.37228 20.6732H4.51485C4.65743 20.3881 4.75248 19.5326 4.8 19.2475C4.84752 19.0574 4.94257 18.8673 4.9901 18.6296C5.03762 18.4395 4.9901 18.2494 4.9901 18.0593C4.94257 17.5366 5.32277 17.3465 5.51287 16.9663Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <p class="flex-grow"> <span>Install OCaml 5.3.0</span></p> <span class="ml-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M4 16v1a3 3 0 003 3h10a3 3 0 003-3v-1m-4-4l-4 4m0 0l-4-4m4 4V4" /> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="/api" class="group whitespace-nowrap h-16 flex p-4 px-5 w-full items-center bg-white dark:bg-dark-card hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-[3px] rounded-lg text-title dark:text-dark-title "> <span class="group-hover:text-white dark:group-hover:text-dark-title text-primary dark:text-dark-primary mr-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M2.46875 15.1935L2.5293 4.46692H1.31836V18.1154C2.98242 17.6857 4.65234 17.4122 6.33398 17.4005C7.88672 17.3908 9.43945 17.6075 10.9961 18.1349C10.0293 17.3517 8.95117 16.7755 7.80078 16.4005C6.35156 15.9279 4.78516 15.7716 3.17969 15.9083C2.81641 15.9376 2.5 15.6681 2.46875 15.3068C2.46484 15.2677 2.46484 15.2306 2.46875 15.1935ZM20.2383 3.90638C20.2344 3.87513 20.2305 3.84192 20.2305 3.80677C20.2305 3.77356 20.2324 3.74036 20.2383 3.70716V1.53528C18.7148 1.39075 17.1445 1.55872 15.7734 2.07825C14.4922 2.56458 13.3867 3.36341 12.668 4.50794V16.879C13.7852 16.1329 14.9277 15.5197 16.1016 15.1017C17.4395 14.6251 18.8145 14.3986 20.2383 14.5118V3.90638ZM21.5566 3.14856H23.3418C23.7051 3.14856 24 3.44349 24 3.80677V18.9747C24 19.338 23.7051 19.6329 23.3418 19.6329C23.2676 19.6329 23.1953 19.6212 23.1289 19.5978C21.293 19.0724 19.4688 18.7228 17.6621 18.7111C15.9004 18.6993 14.1406 19.0099 12.373 19.7892C12.2637 19.8615 12.1328 19.9005 11.998 19.8986C11.8652 19.9005 11.7344 19.8615 11.623 19.7892C9.85742 19.0079 8.0957 18.6993 6.33398 18.7111C4.52734 18.7228 2.70508 19.0724 0.867188 19.5978C0.800781 19.6212 0.728516 19.6329 0.654297 19.6329C0.294922 19.6349 0 19.34 0 18.9767V3.80677C0 3.44349 0.294922 3.14856 0.658203 3.14856H2.53516L2.54688 0.949345C2.54883 0.632939 2.77148 0.37122 3.07031 0.30872C4.80273 -0.0526083 6.9082 0.0372355 8.75391 0.744267C10.0293 1.23255 11.1875 2.01184 12.0332 3.13685C12.8867 2.08802 14.0273 1.33411 15.3105 0.847782C17.0645 0.181767 19.0879 0.0216105 20.9922 0.300907C21.3203 0.347782 21.5547 0.630986 21.5547 0.951298V3.14856H21.5566ZM13.3066 18.0353C14.7617 17.5783 16.2148 17.3908 17.668 17.3986C19.3496 17.4083 21.0195 17.6837 22.6836 18.1134V4.46692H21.5566V15.2521C21.5566 15.6154 21.2617 15.9103 20.8984 15.9103C20.8457 15.9103 20.7949 15.9044 20.7461 15.8927C19.3047 15.6661 17.9082 15.8536 16.5449 16.34C15.4473 16.7325 14.3691 17.3185 13.3066 18.0353ZM11.3516 16.7521V4.48841C10.6621 3.27161 9.54688 2.45716 8.28711 1.97474C6.85938 1.42786 5.25586 1.30481 3.85742 1.50403L3.7832 14.5529C5.30859 14.4982 6.80078 14.6915 8.20508 15.1505C9.32227 15.5138 10.3809 16.047 11.3516 16.7521Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <p class="flex-grow"> <span>Standard Library API</span></p> <span class="ml-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="w-5 h-5" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="/manual" class="group whitespace-nowrap h-16 flex p-4 px-5 w-full items-center bg-white dark:bg-dark-card hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-[3px] rounded-lg text-title dark:text-dark-title "> <span class="group-hover:text-white dark:group-hover:text-dark-title text-primary dark:text-dark-primary mr-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M2.46875 15.1935L2.5293 4.46692H1.31836V18.1154C2.98242 17.6857 4.65234 17.4122 6.33398 17.4005C7.88672 17.3908 9.43945 17.6075 10.9961 18.1349C10.0293 17.3517 8.95117 16.7755 7.80078 16.4005C6.35156 15.9279 4.78516 15.7716 3.17969 15.9083C2.81641 15.9376 2.5 15.6681 2.46875 15.3068C2.46484 15.2677 2.46484 15.2306 2.46875 15.1935ZM20.2383 3.90638C20.2344 3.87513 20.2305 3.84192 20.2305 3.80677C20.2305 3.77356 20.2324 3.74036 20.2383 3.70716V1.53528C18.7148 1.39075 17.1445 1.55872 15.7734 2.07825C14.4922 2.56458 13.3867 3.36341 12.668 4.50794V16.879C13.7852 16.1329 14.9277 15.5197 16.1016 15.1017C17.4395 14.6251 18.8145 14.3986 20.2383 14.5118V3.90638ZM21.5566 3.14856H23.3418C23.7051 3.14856 24 3.44349 24 3.80677V18.9747C24 19.338 23.7051 19.6329 23.3418 19.6329C23.2676 19.6329 23.1953 19.6212 23.1289 19.5978C21.293 19.0724 19.4688 18.7228 17.6621 18.7111C15.9004 18.6993 14.1406 19.0099 12.373 19.7892C12.2637 19.8615 12.1328 19.9005 11.998 19.8986C11.8652 19.9005 11.7344 19.8615 11.623 19.7892C9.85742 19.0079 8.0957 18.6993 6.33398 18.7111C4.52734 18.7228 2.70508 19.0724 0.867188 19.5978C0.800781 19.6212 0.728516 19.6329 0.654297 19.6329C0.294922 19.6349 0 19.34 0 18.9767V3.80677C0 3.44349 0.294922 3.14856 0.658203 3.14856H2.53516L2.54688 0.949345C2.54883 0.632939 2.77148 0.37122 3.07031 0.30872C4.80273 -0.0526083 6.9082 0.0372355 8.75391 0.744267C10.0293 1.23255 11.1875 2.01184 12.0332 3.13685C12.8867 2.08802 14.0273 1.33411 15.3105 0.847782C17.0645 0.181767 19.0879 0.0216105 20.9922 0.300907C21.3203 0.347782 21.5547 0.630986 21.5547 0.951298V3.14856H21.5566ZM13.3066 18.0353C14.7617 17.5783 16.2148 17.3908 17.668 17.3986C19.3496 17.4083 21.0195 17.6837 22.6836 18.1134V4.46692H21.5566V15.2521C21.5566 15.6154 21.2617 15.9103 20.8984 15.9103C20.8457 15.9103 20.7949 15.9044 20.7461 15.8927C19.3047 15.6661 17.9082 15.8536 16.5449 16.34C15.4473 16.7325 14.3691 17.3185 13.3066 18.0353ZM11.3516 16.7521V4.48841C10.6621 3.27161 9.54688 2.45716 8.28711 1.97474C6.85938 1.42786 5.25586 1.30481 3.85742 1.50403L3.7832 14.5529C5.30859 14.4982 6.80078 14.6915 8.20508 15.1505C9.32227 15.5138 10.3809 16.047 11.3516 16.7521Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span> <p class="flex-grow"> <span>OCaml Language Manual</span></p> <span class="ml-2"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="w-5 h-5" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="w-full bg:white dark:bg-dark-background_navigation border-b border-color-separator_20 dark:border-color-separator_30"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="hidden md:grid md:gap-6 md:grid-cols-3"> <a href="#beginner_section" class="py-3 lg:py-6 flex items-center gap-2 text-secondary dark:text-dark-secondary font-bold hover:underline"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> <span class="hidden lg:inline">Jump to</span> Beginner Section <svg width="18" height="32" viewBox="0 0 18 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M13 16.6L9 20.6M9 20.6L5 16.6M9 20.6V11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#intermediate_section" class="py-3 lg:py-6 flex items-center gap-2 text-tertiary dark:text-dark-tertiary font-bold hover:underline"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> <span class="hidden lg:inline">Jump to</span> Intermediate Section <svg width="18" height="32" viewBox="0 0 18 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M13 16.6L9 20.6M9 20.6L5 16.6M9 20.6V11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </a> <a href="#advanced_section" class="py-3 lg:py-6 flex items-center gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-primary font-bold hover:underline"> <svg width="26" height="23" viewBox="0 0 26 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11.268 1.5C12.0378 0.166665 13.9622 0.166667 14.7321 1.5L25.1244 19.5C25.8942 20.8333 24.9319 22.5 23.3923 22.5H2.60769C1.06809 22.5 0.105844 20.8333 0.875645 19.5L11.268 1.5Z" class="fill-primary dark:fill-dark-primary"/> </svg> <span class="hidden lg:inline">Jump to</span> Advanced Section <svg width="18" height="32" viewBox="0 0 18 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M13 16.6L9 20.6M9 20.6L5 16.6M9 20.6V11" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <h2 id="beginner_section" class="mt-16 mb-8 text-content dark:text-dark-title text-3xl font-regular leading-9 tracking-widest"> <span class="text-secondary dark:text-dark-secondary font-bold">FOUNDATIONS</span> FOR BEGINNERS </h2> <div class="grid gap-6 md:gap-10 mt-6 md:grid-cols-2"> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> GET STARTED </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">Introduction To OCaml</h2> <div class="mt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-base font-normal h-14 text-ellipsis overflow-hidden leading-7 max-w-prose"> Install OCaml and gain a high-level understanding of the language </div> <ul class="flex flex-col grow gap-4 mt-5 md:h-60"> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/installing-ocaml" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Installing OCaml</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/tour-of-ocaml" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">A Tour of OCaml</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/your-first-program" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Your First OCaml Program</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/opam-switch-introduction" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Introduction to opam Switches</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/docs/get-started" class="mt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary dark:underline items-center leading-10"> Get Started </a> </div> </div> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> LANGUAGE </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">The OCaml Language</h2> <div class="mt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-base font-normal h-14 text-ellipsis overflow-hidden leading-7 max-w-prose"> An in-depth explanation of language features and data structures from the Standard Library </div> <ul class="flex flex-col grow gap-4 mt-5 md:h-60"> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/values-and-functions" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Values and Functions</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/basic-data-types" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Data Types and Pattern Matching</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/lists" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Lists</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/loops-recursion" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Loops and Recursions</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/docs/language" class="mt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary dark:underline items-center leading-10"> Language Documentation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border-t border-separator_30 dark:border-dark-separator_30 my-6"></div> <div class="grid gap-6 mt-6 lg:grid-cols-2"> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> RECOMMENDED BOOK </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">OCaml Programming: Correct + Efficient + Beautiful</h2> <div class="grow mt-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 pt-6"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <a href="https://cs3110.github.io/textbook/" target="_blank"> <div class="relative"> <div class="absolute -mt-8 ml-3 w-16 h-16"> <div class="bg-primary dark:bg-dark-primary rotate-[-10deg] rounded-full w-16 h-16 flex items-center justify-center" style="filter: drop-shadow(-4px -2px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.25));"> <div class="text-center text-white text-base font-bold leading-7 tracking-wide"> FREE </div> </div> </div> <img src="/media/_/NDE4NjEzZjUxYzA3MTVhOGZjMWI1YTg0MGY3NGZlY2M/books/ocaml-programming-cs3110.jpg" class="w-full border z-10" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-secondary dark:bg-dark-secondary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Beginner </div> <p class="mt-2 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-normal whitespace-normal max-w-prose"> This textbook, used in a third-semester Cornell course, teaches functional programming and data structures in OCaml, emphasizing semantics and software engineering. Suitable for students with Python and Java backgrounds, it requires some imperative language skills and basic discrete mathematics. The book includes over 200 YouTube videos as supplementary or alternative learning resources. </p> <div class="pt-4"> <a href="https://cs3110.github.io/textbook/" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Read Online <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/books" class="pt-6 w-max text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> See More Books </a> </div> </div> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> RECOMMENDED BOOK </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">OCaml From the Very Beginning</h2> <div class="grow mt-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 pt-6"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <a href="https://ocaml-book.com/" target="_blank"> <div class="relative"> <div class="absolute -mt-8 ml-3 w-16 h-16"> <div class="bg-primary dark:bg-dark-primary rotate-[-10deg] rounded-full w-16 h-16 flex items-center justify-center" style="filter: drop-shadow(-4px -2px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.25));"> <div class="text-center text-white text-base font-bold leading-7 tracking-wide"> FREE </div> </div> </div> <img src="/media/_/ZGZjM2JiMzVhZmYzMmIzYjNmMTAyMWFiYmVmMTRiZjg/books/ocaml-from-the-very-beginning.jpg" class="w-full border z-10" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-secondary dark:bg-dark-secondary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Beginner </div> <p class="mt-2 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-normal whitespace-normal max-w-prose"> John Whitington's "OCaml from the Very Beginning" is a beginner-friendly guide to learning OCaml, a modern programming language. The book gradually introduces concepts in concise chapters, with exercises and answers. It's suitable for both novice and experienced programmers, and can be used in academic settings or for self-study. </p> <div class="pt-4"> <a href="https://ocaml-book.com/" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Read Online <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0957671105" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Buy on Amazon <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/books" class="pt-6 w-max text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> See More Books </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border-t border-separator_30 dark:border-dark-separator_30 my-6"></div> <div class="mt-6 mb-10"> <div class="bg-background dark:bg-dark-background flex flex-col"> <div class="max-w-sm md:max-w-full lg:w-full flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="10" class="fill-secondary dark:fill-dark-secondary"/> </svg> EXERCISES </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">Exercises for Beginners</h2> <div class="mt-6 grid gap-6 md:gap-10 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4"> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#1"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Write a function that returns the last element of a list. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-secondary dark:bg-dark-secondary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Beginner </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#5"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Write a function to reverse a list. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-secondary dark:bg-dark-secondary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Beginner </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#6"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Find out whether a list is a palindrome. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-secondary dark:bg-dark-secondary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Beginner </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#8"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Eliminate consecutive duplicates of list elements. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <a href="/exercises" class="pt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> View all Exercises </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section-mild-contrast dark-section-strong-contrast"> <div class="container-fluid flex flex-col py-9"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> PLATFORM TOOLS </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">The OCaml Platform</h2> <div class="mt-10 flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-10"> <a class="group p-5 flex flex-col card dark:bg-dark-card max-w-[32rem]" href="https://opam.ocaml.org"> <h3 class="flex gap-3 text-black dark:text-dark-title text-base font-bold"> <img src="/_/NGE3OGFhOTAyNzdlYmNiOWUyZDcyOTE0MWY2NjZlNGU/img/learn/opam_logo.png" alt=""> opam </h3> <p class="text-content dark:text-dark-content py-6"> OCaml's package manager for managing OCaml compilers and libraries </p> <div class="flex gap-2 items-center text-sm text-primary hover:text-primary dark:text-dark-title dark:hover:text-dark-primary"> Get Started <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </div> </a> <a class="group p-5 flex flex-col card dark:bg-dark-card max-w-[32rem]" href="https://dune.build/"> <h3 class="flex gap-3 text-black dark:text-dark-title text-base font-bold"> <img src="/_/ZmRkNjIzZDcxMDQ5ZjI3MWM1OGU4NGYwYzJkYjg1NjY/img/learn/dune_logo.svg" alt=""> Dune </h3> <p class="text-content dark:text-dark-content py-6"> Dune is a user-friendly and efficient build system for developing OCaml projects </p> <div class="flex gap-2 items-center text-sm text-primary hover:text-primary dark:text-dark-title dark:hover:text-dark-primary"> Get Started <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </div> </a> </div> <a class="pt-6 pb-3 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary" href="/docs/tools">Go to Platform Tools Documentation</a> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <h2 id="intermediate_section" class="mt-16 mb-8 text-content dark:text-dark-title text-3xl font-regular leading-9 tracking-widest"> <span class="text-tertiary dark:text-dark-tertiary font-bold">EXPLORING</span> THE INTERMEDIATE LEVEL </h2> <div class="grid gap-6 md:gap-10 mt-6 md:grid-cols-2"> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> GUIDES </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">Practical-Minded Tutorials and Guides</h2> <div class="mt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-base font-normal h-14 text-ellipsis overflow-hidden leading-7 max-w-prose"> How to solve real-world problems in OCaml </div> <ul class="flex flex-col grow gap-4 mt-5 md:h-60"> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/formatting-text" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Formatting and Wrapping Text</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/debugging" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Debugging</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/error-handling" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Error Handling</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/profiling" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Profiling</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/docs/guides" class="mt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary dark:underline items-center leading-10"> See More Guides </a> </div> </div> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> PLATFORM </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">The OCaml Platform</h2> <div class="mt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-base font-normal h-14 text-ellipsis overflow-hidden leading-7 max-w-prose"> Learn to leverage the tooling around OCaml and create your own projects and libraries </div> <ul class="flex flex-col grow gap-4 mt-5 md:h-60"> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/bootstrapping-a-dune-project" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Bootstrapping a Project</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/managing-dependencies" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Managing Dependencies</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/install-a-specific-ocaml-compiler-version" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Install a Specific Compiler Version</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="w-full"> <a href="/docs/set-up-editor" class="bg-white dark:bg-dark-card text-title dark:text-dark-title hover:bg-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary hover:text-white dark:hover:text-dark-title drop-shadow hover:drop-shadow-xl flex gap-2 border-primary dark:border-dark-primary border-2 rounded-lg p-2.5 text-md font-bold"> <span class="grow">Configuring Your Editor</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-6 h-6" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M12.75 15l3-3m0 0l-3-3m3 3h-7.5M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z" /> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="/docs/tools" class="mt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary dark:underline items-center leading-10"> Platform Tools Documentation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border-t border-separator_30 dark:border-dark-separator_30 my-6"></div> <div class="grid gap-6 mt-6 lg:grid-cols-2"> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> RECOMMENDED BOOK </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">Real World OCaml</h2> <div class="grow mt-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 pt-6"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <a href="https://realworldocaml.org/" target="_blank"> <div class="relative"> <div class="absolute -mt-8 ml-3 w-16 h-16"> <div class="bg-primary dark:bg-dark-primary rotate-[-10deg] rounded-full w-16 h-16 flex items-center justify-center" style="filter: drop-shadow(-4px -2px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.25));"> <div class="text-center text-white text-base font-bold leading-7 tracking-wide"> FREE </div> </div> </div> <img src="/media/_/NmRkY2MwMzg0YjUyOTNmODM0NjdlMDQ0NGI4NzIzOWY/books/real-world-ocaml.jpg" class="w-full border z-10" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> <p class="mt-2 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-normal whitespace-normal max-w-prose"> This practical book guides through using OCaml for real-world problems in data processing and web applications, covering its various programming styles with real examples. It starts with basics and advances to topics like the module system and foreign-function interface, focusing on efficient coding using the Jane Street core library. </p> <div class="pt-4"> <a href="https://realworldocaml.org/" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Read Online <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/books" class="pt-6 w-max text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> See More Books </a> </div> </div> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> RECOMMENDED BOOK </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">More OCaml: Algorithms, Methods, & Diversions</h2> <div class="grow mt-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 pt-6"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0957671113" target="_blank"> <div class="relative"> <img src="/media/_/NmYwMGYzNGNiOTk0YTM0NTIzNDUxMzNiNDdiN2Y1ZmE/books/more-ocaml-algorithms-methods-diversions.jpg" class="w-full border z-10" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> <p class="mt-2 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-normal whitespace-normal max-w-prose"> "More OCaml" by John Whitington explores OCaml's functional programming and algorithms, concluding with a PDF file project. Tailored for both existing OCaml programmers and those new to the language, it includes exercises with answers. The book starts with an OCaml fundamentals summary, making it accessible and informative for a diverse readership. </p> <div class="pt-4"> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0957671113" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Buy on Amazon <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/books" class="pt-6 w-max text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> See More Books </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border-t border-separator_30 dark:border-dark-separator_30 my-6"></div> <div class="my-6"> <div class="bg-background dark:bg-dark-background flex flex-col"> <div class="max-w-sm md:max-w-full lg:w-full flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M0.5 6.5C0.5 3.18629 3.18629 0.5 6.5 0.5H18.5C21.8137 0.5 24.5 3.18629 24.5 6.5V18.5C24.5 21.8137 21.8137 24.5 18.5 24.5H6.5C3.18629 24.5 0.5 21.8137 0.5 18.5V6.5Z" class="fill-tertiary dark:fill-dark-tertiary"/> </svg> EXERCISES </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">Practice with Exercises</h2> <div class="mt-6 grid gap-6 md:gap-10 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4"> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#55"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Generate completely balanced binary trees for a given number of nodes using the cbal_tree function. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#64"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Assign coordinates (x, y) to nodes in a binary tree, with x based on the inorder sequence and y based on the depth of the node. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#68"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Generate the preorder and inorder sequences of a binary tree. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> </div> </a> <a class="flex flex-col p-5 card dark:dark-card" href="/exercises#81"> <div class="flex-grow dark:text-dark-title"> Return all acyclic paths between two nodes a and b in a given graph. </div> <div class="my-2.5"> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-tertiary dark:bg-dark-tertiary_lighter rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Intermediate </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <a href="/exercises" class="pt-4 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> View all Exercises </a> </div> </div> <a href="/manual" class="block bg-gradient-to-r from-[#C54B21] dark:from-[#773E21] to-[#E18C34] dark:to-[#E7B573] hover:from-[#B63701] hover:to-[#EE8703] dark:hover:from-[#803814] dark:hover:to-[#F1B566] rounded-3xl"> <div class="bg-[url('/img/learn/banner-background.svg')] bg-cover w-full items-center flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-6 py-4 px-7 md:py-4 md:pl-14 md:pr-14 lg:pr-24"> <div class="flex flex-col flex-grow my-6"> <div class="text-white text-sm font-medium tracking-widest leading-10">GUIDE</div> <h2 class="text-white text-3xl font-bold leading-10"> Language Manual </h3> <p class="mt-4 text-white font-normal max-w-xl text-base leading-7"> The OCaml language manual is a comprehensive guide covering syntax, features, and usage. It assists developers and learners in understanding capabilities, best practices, and language features. </p> <div class="w-full md:w-80 mt-6 py-2 bg-white rounded-xl text-center text-primary dark:text-dark-primary hover:underline font-bold text-lg"> Take Me There </div> </div> <img class="hidden md:block w-[200px] h-[200px] md:w-72 md:h-72 rounded-full" src="/_/NDBhN2RiZDUxMTU2MGZlNTg0ZGQ1NzQzOGQzMGNkZTI/img/learn/language_manual_camel.png" alt="A friendly-looking camel"> </div> </a> <h2 id="advanced_section" class="mt-16 mb-8 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-3xl font-regular leading-9 tracking-widest"> <span class="text-primary dark:text-dark-primary font-bold">ELEVATED</span> EXPERTISE </h2> <div class="grid gap-6 mt-6 lg:grid-cols-2"> <div class="md:h-full"> <div class="max-w-sm md:h-full md:max-w-full md:w-[32rem] flex flex-col"> <div class="pt-4 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-medium leading-7 tracking-widest flex gap-2 items-center"> <svg width="26" height="23" viewBox="0 0 26 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11.268 1.5C12.0378 0.166665 13.9622 0.166667 14.7321 1.5L25.1244 19.5C25.8942 20.8333 24.9319 22.5 23.3923 22.5H2.60769C1.06809 22.5 0.105844 20.8333 0.875645 19.5L11.268 1.5Z" class="fill-primary dark:fill-dark-primary"/> </svg> RECOMMENDED BOOK </div> <h2 class="overflow-hidden mt-2 text-title dark:text-dark-title text-2xl font-bold leading-7">OCaml Scientific Computing</h2> <div class="grow mt-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 pt-6"> <div class="flex flex-col"> <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-97645-3" target="_blank"> <div class="relative"> <img src="/media/_/OTg1ZWQ3NWMzZTZkYzVjNDRjN2VkY2FiNWJjNjEzMzk/books/ocaml-scientific-computing.png" class="w-full border z-10" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <div> <div class="px-3 inline-block bg-primary dark:bg-dark-primary rounded-3xl font-semibold text-center text-white dark:text-dark-title tracking-widest"> Advanced </div> <p class="mt-2 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-sm font-normal whitespace-normal max-w-prose"> This book merges functional programming in OCaml with numerical computation, tailored for data science and AI. It's ideal for those familiar with functional programming, offering a mix of foundational concepts and advanced cloud computing techniques. The structure allows readers to choose topics of interest, making it a versatile guide for learning and applying scientific computing. </p> <div class="pt-4"> <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-97645-3" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Buy on Springer <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3030976440" class="flex gap-2 text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-8" target="_blank">Buy on Amazon <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" class="h-4 w-4" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M13.19 8.688a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.242 7.244l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 1-6.364-6.364l1.757-1.757m13.35-.622 1.757-1.757a4.5 4.5 0 0 0-6.364-6.364l-4.5 4.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.242 7.244" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/books" class="pt-6 w-max text-primary dark:text-dark-title hover:underline dark:underline hover:text-primary dark:hover:text-dark-primary items-center leading-10"> See More Books </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mt-10 lg:mt-20"> <h3 class="font-bold text-title dark:text-dark-title">Papers</h3> <div class="mt-6 text-content dark:text-dark-content text-lg"> Aspiring towards greater understanding of the language? Want to push the limits and discover brand new things? Check out papers written by leading OCaml researchers: </div> <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row mt-8 space-y-4 lg:space-y-0 lg:space-x-6"> <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3453483.3454039" class="card dark:dark-card p-6 flex-1" > <div class="font-semibold text-base dark:text-dark-title mb-3">Retrofitting Effect Handlers Onto OCaml</div> <div class="dark:text-dark-content" style="display: -webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp: 4;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;overflow: hidden;">Effect handlers have been gathering momentum as a mechanism for modular programming with user-defined effects. Effect handlers allow for non-local control flow mechanisms such as generators, async/await, lightweight threads, and coroutines to be composably expressed. We present a design and evaluate a full-fledged efficient implementation of effect handlers for OCaml, an industrial-strength multi-paradigm programming language. Our implementation strives to maintain the backwards compatibility and performance profile of existing OCaml code. Retrofitting effect handlers onto OCaml is challenging since OCaml does not currently have any non-local control flow mechanisms other than exceptions. Our implementation of effect handlers for OCaml: (i) imposes a mean 1% overhead on a comprehensive macro benchmark suite that does not use effect handlers; (ii) remains compatible with program analysis tools that inspect the stack; and (iii) is efficient for new code that makes use of effect handlers. </div> <div class="font-bold text-sm dark:text-dark-content mt-3">K. C. Sivaramakrishnan, Stephen Dolan, Leo White, Tom Kelly, Sadiq Jaffer, Anil Madhavapeddy</div> <div class="flex mt-5 flex-wrap"> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > PLDI </div> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > effects </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.06543.pdf" class="card dark:dark-card p-6 flex-1" > <div class="font-semibold text-base dark:text-dark-title mb-3">Extending OCaml's `open`</div> <div class="dark:text-dark-content" style="display: -webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp: 4;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;overflow: hidden;">We propose a harmonious extension of OCaml's `open` construct. OCaml's existing construct `open M` imports the names exported by the module `M` into the current scope. At present `M` is required to be the path to a module. We propose extending `open` to instead accept an arbitrary module expression, making it possible to succinctly address a number of existing scope-related difficulties that arise when writing OCaml programs. </div> <div class="font-bold text-sm dark:text-dark-content mt-3">Runhang Li, Jeremy Yallop</div> <div class="flex mt-5 flex-wrap"> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > ocaml-workshop </div> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > core </div> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > language </div> </div> </a> <a href="http://kcsrk.info/papers/pldi18-memory.pdf" class="card dark:dark-card p-6 flex-1" > <div class="font-semibold text-base dark:text-dark-title mb-3">Bounding Data Races in Space and Time</div> <div class="dark:text-dark-content" style="display: -webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp: 4;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;overflow: hidden;">We propose a new semantics for shared-memory parallel programs that gives strong guarantees even in the presence of data races. Our local data race freedom property guar- antees that all data-race-free portions of programs exhibit sequential semantics. We provide a straightforward oper- ational semantics and an equivalent axiomatic model, and evaluate an implementation for the OCaml programming language. Our evaluation demonstrates that it is possible to balance a comprehensible memory model with a reasonable (no overhead on x86, ~0.6% on ARM) sequential performance trade-off in a mainstream programming language </div> <div class="font-bold text-sm dark:text-dark-content mt-3">Stephen Dolan, KC Sivaramakrishnan, Anil Madhavapeddy</div> <div class="flex mt-5 flex-wrap"> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > PLDI </div> <div class="text-blue-700 dark:text-dark-title h-8 inline-flex items-center text-sm px-3 border border-blue-700 dark:border-dark-title rounded-3xl whitespace-nowrap mr-2 mb-2" > multicore </div> </div> </a> </div> <a href="/papers" class="btn btn-lg btn-ghost dark:border-dark-primary dark:hover:bg-dark-primary dark:hover:text-dark-title dark:text-dark-primary mt-8"> <span>View all papers</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M8.25 4.5l7.5 7.5-7.5 7.5" /> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <button class="fixed bottom-8 right-10 md:bottom-[5rem] lg:bottom-[8.37rem] lg:right-[6.5rem] border-0 hidden focus:outline-none z-50 rounded-full shadow-custom p-4 bg-primary dark:bg-dark-primary" onclick="scrollToTop()" id="scrollToTop" title="Scroll to top"><svg class="h-6 w-6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.5 10.5L12 3M12 3L19.5 10.5M12 3V21" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/> </svg> </button> <footer x-data class="border-t border-separator_30 dark:border-dark-separator_30 bg-dark-sand dark:bg-dark-card" aria-labelledby="footer-heading"> <h2 id="footer-heading" class="sr-only">Footer</h2> <div class="mx-auto max-w-7xl px-6 py-16 lg:px-8"> <div class="flex w-full items-center justify-between mb-8"> <a href="/"><img class="h-8 dark:hidden" src="/_/MDBjN2M4YjIxY2Y1YWExZWE3Njk4M2FiZTg1NWZjNTM/logo-with-name.svg" alt="OCaml"> <img class="h-8 hidden dark:inline" src="/_/MTE3YWE5YzJlZmExNmYyMmI3ZmEwYjliMDEwNDBkMDY/logo-with-name-white.svg" alt="OCaml"> </a> <div class="hidden md:flex"> <button class="flex grow basis-0 justify-center items-center py-2 px-4 text-sm border rounded-l rounded-l-full border-r-0" :class='$store.themeSettings.preference === "light" ? 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