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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dogmatic_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dogmatic_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dogmatic aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dogmatic_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faith_and_grace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faith_and_grace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Faith and grace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faith_and_grace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacraments_of_initiation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacraments_of_initiation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sacraments of initiation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sacraments_of_initiation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sacraments of initiation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sacraments_of_initiation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baptism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baptism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Confirmation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eucharist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eucharist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Eucharist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eucharist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restored_order_of_initiation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restored_order_of_initiation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Restored order of initiation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restored_order_of_initiation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacraments_of_healing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacraments_of_healing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sacraments of healing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sacraments_of_healing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sacraments of healing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sacraments_of_healing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Penance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anointing_of_the_Sick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Anointing of the Sick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anointing_of_the_Sick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacraments_of_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacraments_of_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sacraments of service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sacraments_of_service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sacraments of service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sacraments_of_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holy_Orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Holy Orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matrimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matrimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Matrimony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matrimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Validity_and_liceity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Validity_and_liceity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Validity and liceity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Validity_and_liceity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Validity and liceity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Validity_and_liceity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impediments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impediments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Impediments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impediments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conditional_conferral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conditional_conferral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Conditional conferral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conditional_conferral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seven_Sacraments_fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seven_Sacraments_fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Seven Sacraments fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seven_Sacraments_fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأسرار المقدسة في الكنيسة الكاثوليكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأسرار المقدسة في الكنيسة الكاثوليكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Sagraments" title="Set Sagraments – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Set Sagraments" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1tosti_katolick%C3%A9_c%C3%ADrkve" title="Svátosti katolické církve – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svátosti katolické církve" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramentos_de_la_Iglesia_cat%C3%B3lica" title="Sacramentos de la Iglesia católica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sacramentos de la Iglesia católica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrement_(%C3%89glise_catholique)" title="Sacrement (Église catholique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sacrement (Église catholique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraimint%C3%AD_na_hEaglais_Chaitliceach" title="Sacraimintí na hEaglais Chaitliceach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sacraimintí na hEaglais Chaitliceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedam_svetih_sakramenata" title="Sedam svetih sakramenata – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sedam svetih sakramenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakramen_(Katolik)" title="Sakramen (Katolik) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sakramen (Katolik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakramenta_ao_amin%27_ny_Eglizy_kat%C3%B4lika" title="Sakramenta ao amin' ny Eglizy katôlika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sakramenta ao amin' ny Eglizy katôlika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="कॅथोलिक चर्चचे पवित्र साक्रामेंट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅथोलिक चर्चचे पवित्र साक्रामेंट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E8%B7%A1" title="秘跡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="秘跡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramentos_cat%C3%B3licos" title="Sacramentos católicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sacramentos católicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="කතෝලික සභාවේ සක්‍රමේන්තු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කතෝලික සභාවේ සක්‍රමේන්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolska_kyrkans_sakrament" title="Katolska kyrkans sakrament – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katolska kyrkans sakrament" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கத்தோலிக்க அருட்சாதனங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கத்தோலிக்க அருட்சாதனங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="ศีลศักดิ์สิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศีลศักดิ์สิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD_t%C3%ADch_c%E1%BB%A7a_Gi%C3%A1o_h%E1%BB%99i_C%C3%B4ng_gi%C3%A1o" title="Bí tích của Giáo hội Công giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bí tích của Giáo hội Công giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic visible rites</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Catholic rites. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sacrament (disambiguation)">Sacrament (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg/260px-Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg/390px-Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg/520px-Seven_Sacraments_Rogier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6059" data-file-height="5296" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece" title="Seven Sacraments Altarpiece">Seven Sacraments Altarpiece</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1448</span></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/330px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/440px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13066" data-file-height="6823" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Overview</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Organisation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theologies</a></li><li>Doctrine</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Ghost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantialitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinum_illud_munus" title="Divinum illud munus">Divinum illud munus</a></li></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Decalogus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Ex Cathedra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">Deificatio</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Realms beyond the States of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo">Limbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Harrowing of Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mater Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_desire" title="Baptism of desire">Baptism of desire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_blood" title="Baptism of blood">Baptism of blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">Outside the Church there is no salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invincible_ignorance_(Catholic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invincible ignorance (Catholic theology)">Invincible ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">Means of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Christianity)" title="Merit (Christianity)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfaction_theory_of_atonement" title="Satisfaction theory of atonement">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_influence_theory_of_atonement" title="Moral influence theory of atonement">Moral influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">Synergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_of_faith" title="Deposit of faith">Deposit of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystici_corporis_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystici corporis Christi">Mystical Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Perfect community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Other teachings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic theology of the body">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Body" title="Theology of the Body">Lectures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_sexuality" title="Catholic theology of sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination#Catholicism" title="Predestination">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatific_vision" title="Beatific vision">Beatific vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Official Bible</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Epistula Encyclica</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Virtues">Cardinal Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Catholic ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism#Catholic_personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> <p><br /> Schools </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Devotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Rites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Post-Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Use of Sarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><br /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a>:</li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are seven <b>sacraments of the Catholic Church</b>, which according to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a> were instituted by <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> and entrusted to the Church. <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> are visible rites seen as signs and efficacious channels of the <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> to all those who receive them with the proper disposition. </p><p>The sacraments are often classified into three categories: the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_initiation" title="Sacraments of initiation">sacraments of initiation</a> (into the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">mystical body of Christ</a>), consisting of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (Catholic Church)">Confirmation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharist (Catholic Church)">Eucharist</a>; the sacraments of healing, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Reconciliation">Sacrament of Penance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick (Catholic Church)">Anointing of the Sick</a>; and the sacraments of service: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders (Catholic Church)">Holy Orders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Baptism and penance were also known as the "sacraments of the dead" (in the meaning that the souls of the sinners which are regarded dead before God may obtain life through these sacraments), whereas the other five are collectively the "sacraments of the living".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enumeration">Enumeration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Enumeration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_seven_Sacrament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_seven_Sacrament.jpg/220px-The_seven_Sacrament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_seven_Sacrament.jpg/330px-The_seven_Sacrament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_seven_Sacrament.jpg/440px-The_seven_Sacrament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The seven sacraments of the Catholic Church</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of the sacraments in the early church was variable and undefined; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a> for example had listed eleven, including the ordination of kings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a> enumerated nearly thirty, although he put Baptism and Holy Communion first with special relevance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current seven sacraments were set out in the <a href="/wiki/Sentences" title="Sentences">Sentences</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a>, and these seven were confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a> in 1215.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i> lists the sacraments as follows: "The whole <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">liturgical</a> life of the Church revolves around the Eucharistic sacrifice and the sacraments. There are seven sacraments in the Church: <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (Catholic Church)">Confirmation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharist (Catholic Church)">Eucharist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick (Catholic Church)">Anointing of the Sick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders (Catholic Church)">Holy Orders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The list of seven sacraments already given by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> (1439)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was reaffirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> (1545–1563),<sup id="cite_ref-The_canons_and_decrees_of_the_sacred_and_oecumenical_Council_of_Trent_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_canons_and_decrees_of_the_sacred_and_oecumenical_Council_of_Trent-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>CANON I.- If any one saith, that the sacraments of the New Law were not all instituted by Jesus Christ, our Lord; or that they are more, or less, than seven, to wit, Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Order, and Matrimony; or even that any one of these seven is not truly and properly a sacrament; let him be <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a>. </p><p>CANON IV.- If any one saith, that the sacraments of the New Law are not necessary unto salvation, but superfluous; and that, without them, or without the desire thereof, men obtain of God, through faith alone, the grace of justification; – though all (the sacraments) are not necessary for every individual; let him be anathema.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dogmatic_aspects">Dogmatic aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dogmatic aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Sacred tradition and Sacred Scripture form one sacred deposit of the word of God, committed to the Church."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "In the liturgy, above all that of the sacraments, there is an <i>immutable</i> part, a part that is divinely instituted and of which the Church is the guardian, and parts that <i>can be changed</i>, which the Church has the power and on occasion also the duty to adapt to the cultures of recently evangelized peoples."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baptism cannot be changed to allow a non-Trinitarian formula.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Anyone conscious of a grave sin must receive the sacrament of Reconciliation before coming to communion."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding marriage, "basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that 'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered' [...] contrary to the natural law."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The ordination of women is not possible."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The efficacy of sacraments does not depend on the celebrant's being in the state of grace. Their power comes not from the celebrant nor from the recipient but from God. In them Christ himself is at work. However, the actual effects ("the fruits") of the sacrament depends also on the recipient's disposition:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "in order that the liturgy may be able to produce its full effects, it is necessary that the faithful come to it with proper dispositions, that their minds should be attuned to their voices, and that they should cooperate with divine grace lest they receive it in vain".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faith_and_grace">Faith and grace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Faith and grace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg/220px-Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg/330px-Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg/440px-Hildesheim_Wrisberg-Epitaph_Mitteltafel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of divine graces by the Church through the sacraments. In the center the personification of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_and_Synagoga#Ecclesia_alone" title="Ecclesia and Synagoga">Ecclesia</a> with the (papal) tiara; above her baptism, from which streams of grace proceed; at the right marriage, eucharist, confession; at the left anointing of the sick, holy orders, confirmation (Johannes Hopffe, <a href="/wiki/Wrisberg_epitaph" title="Wrisberg epitaph">Wrisberg epitaph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a>, before 1615)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Catholic Church teaches that the sacraments are "efficacious signs of <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace</a>, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church teaches that the effect of a sacrament comes <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i>, by the very fact of being administered, regardless of the personal holiness of the minister administering it.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a recipient's own lack of proper disposition to receive the grace conveyed can block the effectiveness of the sacrament in that person. The sacraments presuppose faith and through their words and ritual elements, are meant to nourish, strengthen and give expression to faith.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Church itself is the universal sacrament of salvation,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the sacraments <i>of</i> the Catholic Church in the strict sense<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are seven sacraments that "touch all the stages and all the important moments of Christian life: they give birth and increase, healing and mission to the Christian's life of faith".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Church affirms that for believers the sacraments of the New Covenant are necessary for salvation", although not all are necessary for every individual.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacraments_of_initiation">Sacraments of initiation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sacraments of initiation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_initiation" title="Sacraments of initiation">Sacraments of initiation</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> states: "Christian initiation is accomplished by means of the sacraments which establish the foundations of Christian life. The faithful born anew by Baptism are strengthened by Confirmation and are then nourished by the Eucharist."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catechism of the Catholic Church says, "In the Eastern rites the Christian initiation of infants also begins with Baptism followed immediately by Confirmation (Chrismation) and the Eucharist, while in the Roman rite it is followed by years of catechesis before being completed later by Confirmation and the Eucharist, the summit of their Christian initiation" (<i>CCC</i> 1233). Again in the Acts of the Apostles Baptism, Laying of the Hands (Confirmation/Chrismation) and Breaking of the Bread are administered to the faithful within a short span of time (Acts 2: 42; 8:14; 19:6). The Eastern Churches followed the Sacraments of Initiation from early days. Latin Church, though administered the three sacraments- Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist- separately, they retained the idea of unity of these sacraments. Thus <i>CCC</i> 1233 implies that the Christian initiation is completed by years long preparation in the Latin Church. Many of the Eastern Churches have restored their original tradition of Christian initiation which they lost in Latinization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baptism">Baptism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Baptism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baptism#Catholicism" title="Baptism">Baptism § Catholicism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_vows" title="Baptismal vows">Baptismal vows</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/220px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/330px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/440px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Scene of baptism. <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a>, Paris, last quarter of the 12th century. From the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a> of Paris.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Roman Catholic Church sees <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> as the first and basic sacrament of Christian initiation.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Western or <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, baptism is usually conferred today by pouring water three times on the recipient's head, while reciting the baptismal formula: "I baptize you <a href="/wiki/In_the_name_of_the_Father_and_of_the_Son_and_of_the_Holy_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit">in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit</a>" (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2028:19&version=nrsv">Matthew 28:19</a>). In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> immersion or submersion is used, and the formula is: "The servant of God, N., is baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though sprinkling is not normally used, its validity is accepted, provided that the water flows over the skin, since otherwise it is not a washing.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confirmation">Confirmation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Confirmation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (Catholic Church)">Confirmation (Catholic Church)</a></div> <p>Confirmation or Chrismation is the second sacrament of Christian initiation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "It is called Chrismation (in the Eastern Churches: anointing with holy myron or chrism) because the essential rite of the sacrament is anointing with chrism. It is called Confirmation because it confirms and strengthens baptismal grace."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is conferred by "the <a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointing</a> with Sacred <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a> (oil mixed with balsam and consecrated by the bishop), which is done by the laying on of the hand of the minister who pronounces the sacramental words proper to the rite."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These words, in both their Western and Eastern variants, refer to a gift of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> that marks the recipient as with a seal. Through the sacrament the grace given in baptism is "strengthened and deepened."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like baptism, confirmation may be received only once, and the recipient must be in a state of grace (meaning free from any known unconfessed <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a>) in order to receive its effects. The "originating" minister of the sacrament is a validly consecrated <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholicism)">bishop</a>; if a priest (a "presbyter") confers the sacrament – as is done ordinarily in the Eastern Churches and in special cases (such as the baptism of an adult or in danger of the death of a young child) in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">CCC</a> 1312–1313) – the link with the higher order is indicated by the use of oil (known as "<a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">chrism</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Myron" title="Myron">myron</a>") <a href="/wiki/Blessing_(Roman_Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessing (Roman Catholic Church)">blessed</a> by the bishop on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> itself or on a day close to it. In the East, which retains the ancient practice, the sacrament is administered by the parish priest immediately after baptism. In the West, where the sacrament is normally reserved for those who can understand its significance, it came to be postponed until the recipient's early adulthood; in the 20th century, after <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">first Communion</a> for children on reaching the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_discretion" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of discretion">age of discretion</a>, the practice of receiving Confirmation later than the Eucharist became widespread;<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the traditional order, with Confirmation administered before First Communion, is being increasingly restored.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eucharist">Eucharist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eucharist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharist (Catholic Church)">Eucharist (Catholic Church)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg/200px-Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg/300px-Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg/400px-Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero_Comuni%C3%B3n_de_Santa_Teresa_Museo_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><i>Communion of <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Saint Teresa</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Cabezalero" title="Juan Martín Cabezalero">Juan Martín Cabezalero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Lázaro Galdiano">Museum of Lázaro Galdiano</a>, Madrid</figcaption></figure> <p>The Eucharist, also called the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>, is the sacrament – the third of Christian initiation,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the one that the <i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i> says "completes Christian initiation"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – by which Catholics partake of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ and participate in the Eucharistic memorial of his one sacrifice. The first of these two aspects of the sacrament is also called Holy Communion. The bread – which must be wheaten, and which is <a href="/wiki/Unleavened_bread" title="Unleavened bread">unleavened</a> in the Latin, Armenian and Ethiopic Rites, but is leavened in most Eastern Rites – and wine – which must be from grapes – used in the Eucharistic rite are, in Catholic faith, transformed in their <a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">inner reality</a>, though not in <a href="/wiki/Accident_(philosophy)" title="Accident (philosophy)">appearance</a>, into the Body and Blood of Christ, a change that is called <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">transubstantiation</a>. "The minister who is able to confect the sacrament of the Eucharist in the person of Christ is a validly ordained priest alone."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "priest" here (in Latin <i>sacerdos</i>) includes both bishops and those priests who are also called <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacons</a> as well as priests (<i>sacerdotes</i>) are ordinary ministers of Holy Communion, and lay people may be authorized to act as extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion. The Eucharistic celebration is seen as "the source and summit" of Christian living, the high point of God's sanctifying action on the faithful and of their worship of God, the point of contact between them and the liturgy of heaven. So important is it that participation in the Eucharistic celebration (see <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>) is seen as obligatory on every Sunday and <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy day of obligation</a> and is recommended on other days. Also recommended for those who participate in the Mass is reception, with the proper dispositions, of Holy Communion. This is seen as obligatory at least once a year, during Eastertide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restored_order_of_initiation">Restored order of initiation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Restored order of initiation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the second half of the 2010s some dioceses of Latin Church in the United States, as elsewhere, returned to the original order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation, that is: Baptism, Confirmation and, lastly, first Communion.<sup id="cite_ref-OSV.com2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSV.com2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i> references this order at No. 1212, and at No. 1322 says: "The holy Eucharist completes Christian initiation.". </p><p>Administering the Eucharist before Confirmation began in the Latin Church, unlike other Christian bodies, due to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a>'s 1910 <a href="/wiki/Decree_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decree (canon law)">decree</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Quam_singulari" title="Quam singulari">Quam singulari Christus amore</a></i> (transl.: "How special was Christ's love"), which said Communion should not be delayed beyond when a child reaches the age of reason. U.S. dioceses complied but did not bring confirmation forward with it from a subsequent age.<sup id="cite_ref-OSV.com2015_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSV.com2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacraments_of_healing">Sacraments of healing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sacraments of healing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penance">Penance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Penance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Sacrament of Penance</a></div> <p>The Sacrament of Penance (or Reconciliation) is the first of two sacraments of healing. The <i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i> mentions in the following order and capitalization different names of the sacrament, calling it the sacrament of conversion, Penance, confession, forgiveness and Reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the sacrament of spiritual healing of a baptized person from the distancing from God resulting from sins committed. When people sin after baptism, they cannot have baptism as a remedy; Baptism, which is a spiritual regeneration, cannot be given a second time. </p><p>The sacrament involves four elements: </p> <ol><li>Contrition (the penitent's sincere remorse for wrongdoing or sin, repentance, without which the rite has no effect);</li> <li>Confession to a priest who has the faculty to hear confessions (Canon 966.1) – while it may be spiritually helpful to confess to another, only a priest has the power to administer the sacrament;</li> <li>Absolution by the priest; and,</li> <li>Satisfaction or penance.</li></ol> <p>"Many sins wrong our neighbour. One must do what is possible in order to repair the harm (e.g., return stolen goods, restore the reputation of someone slandered, pay compensation for injuries). Simple justice requires as much. But sin also injures and weakens the sinner himself, as well as his relationships with God and neighbour. Absolution takes away sin, but it does not remedy all the disorders sin has caused. Raised up from sin, the sinner must still recover his full spiritual health by doing something more to make amends for the sin: he must 'make satisfaction for' or 'expiate' his sins. This satisfaction is also called 'penance'" (CCC 1459). In early Christian centuries, this element of satisfaction was quite onerous and generally preceded absolution, but now it usually involves a simple task for the penitent to perform later, in order to make some reparation and as a medicinal means of strengthening against further temptation. </p><p>The priest is bound by the "<a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional (Catholic Church)">seal of confession</a>", which is inviolable. "Accordingly, it is absolutely wrong for a confessor in any way to betray the penitent, for any reason whatsoever, whether by word or in any other fashion."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal incurs an automatic excommunication whose lifting is reserved to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some dioceses, certain sins are "reserved" which means only certain confessors can absolve them. Some sins, such as violation of the sacramental seal, consecration of bishops without authorization by the Holy See, direct physical attacks on the Pope, and intentional desecration of the Eucharist are reserved to the Holy See. A special case-by-case faculty from the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Penitentiary">Sacred Penitentiary</a> is normally required to absolve these sins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anointing_of_the_Sick">Anointing of the Sick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anointing of the Sick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extreme_Unction_Rogier_Van_der_Weyden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Extreme_Unction_Rogier_Van_der_Weyden.jpg/220px-Extreme_Unction_Rogier_Van_der_Weyden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Extreme_Unction_Rogier_Van_der_Weyden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Extreme Unction, from <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>'s altarpiece</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a> is the second sacrament of healing. In this sacrament a priest anoints the sick with oil blessed specifically for that purpose. "The anointing of the sick can be administered to any member of the faithful who, having reached the use of reason, begins to be in danger by reason of illness or old age" (canon 1004; cf. CCC 1514). A new illness or a worsening of health enables a person to receive the sacrament a further time. </p><p>When, in the Western Church, the sacrament was conferred only on those in <i>immediate</i> danger of death, it came to be known as "<a href="/wiki/Extreme_Unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme Unction">Extreme Unction</a>", i.e. "Final Anointing", administered as one of the <a href="/wiki/Last_rites#In_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Last rites">Last Rites</a>. The other Last Rites are Confession (if the dying person is physically unable to confess, at least absolution, conditional on the existence of contrition, is given), and the Eucharist, which when administered to the dying is known as "bread for the journey" or by the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> name "<a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a>", literally "provisions for a journey". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sacraments_of_service">Sacraments of service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sacraments of service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Orders">Holy Orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Holy Orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Bishop (Catholic Church)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">Priesthood (Catholic Church)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deacon#Roman_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Catholic Deacon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a> is the Sacrament by which a layman is made a <a href="/wiki/Deacon#Latin_Catholicism" title="Deacon">deacon</a>, a deacon is made a <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a> and a priest is made a <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholicism)">bishop</a>, dedicated for service to the Church. In descending order of rank, the three degrees are referred to as episcopate, presbyterate and diaconate.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bishop is the only minister of this sacrament. Ordination as a bishop confers the fullness of the sacrament, with membership of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a>, the successor body in the Church to that of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a>, and entrusting to him the <a href="/wiki/Threefold_office" title="Threefold office">threefold office</a> to teach, sanctify, and govern the <a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a>. Ordination as a priest calls the priest to take, in the Eucharistic celebration, <a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">the role of Christ</a>, the Head of the Church, the one essential High Priest, and confers on him the power and responsibility, as the bishop's assistant, to celebrate the sacraments except for Holy Orders. Ordination as a deacon configures the man in the service of the bishop, especially in the Church's exercise of Christian charity towards the poor, and preaching of the word of God. </p><p>Men who discern a <a href="/wiki/Vocation" title="Vocation">vocation</a> to the priesthood are required by <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">canon law</a> (canon 1032 of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a>) to undertake a <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> program with graduate level philosophical and theological studies and a formation program that includes <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_direction" title="Spiritual direction">spiritual direction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retreat_(spiritual)" title="Retreat (spiritual)">retreats</a>, apostolate experience, and learning some Latin. The course of studies in preparation for ordination as a "permanent" deacon (one not intending to become a priest) is decided by the regional <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">episcopal conference</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matrimony">Matrimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Matrimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Marriage in the Catholic Church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weyden_Matrimony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Weyden_Matrimony.jpg/170px-Weyden_Matrimony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Weyden_Matrimony.jpg/255px-Weyden_Matrimony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Weyden_Matrimony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Matrimony, from Rogier Van der Weyden's altarpiece</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a>, or Marriage, is another sacrament that consecrates for a particular mission in building up the Church, and that provides grace for accomplishing that mission. This sacrament, seen as a sign of the love uniting Christ and the Church, establishes between the spouses a permanent and exclusive bond, sealed by God. Accordingly, a marriage between <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> people, validly entered into and consummated, cannot be dissolved. The sacrament confers on them the grace they need for attaining holiness in their married life and for responsible acceptance and upbringing of their children. As a condition for validity, the sacrament is celebrated in the presence of the local <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (Catholic Church)">Ordinary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Parish Priest</a> or of a cleric delegated by them (or in certain limited circumstances a lay person delegated by the diocesan Bishop with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Conference">Episcopal Conference</a> and the permission of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>) and at least two other witnesses,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though in the theological tradition of the Latin Church the ministers of the sacrament uniquely are the couple themselves. For a valid marriage, a man and a woman must express their conscious and free consent to a definitive self-giving to the other, excluding none of the essential properties and aims of marriage. If one of the two is a non-Catholic Christian, their marriage is licit only if the permission of the competent authority of the Catholic Church is obtained. If one of the two is not a Christian (i.e. has not been <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a>), the competent authority's dispensation is necessary for validity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Validity_and_liceity">Validity and liceity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Validity and liceity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scale of justice"><img alt="Scale of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>Ius vigens</i> (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 33</span>-1140) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>-1563) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novissimum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1563</span>-1918) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)"><i>Benedictus Deus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></i></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus codicis</b></i> (1918-present) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li></ul> <p>Other </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Exarch">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">Latin Church <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844"><i>Communicatio in sacris</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Sacred places </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <p>Sacred times </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular<br />churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><b>Supreme authority of the Church</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy <i>nullius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests <i>in solidum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <p>Clerics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <p>Office </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a> </p> <br /><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae"><i>Latae sententiae</i> and <i>ferendae sententiae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i>Pars statica</i> (tribunals & ministers/parties) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Pars dynamica</i> (trial procedure) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate"><i>Advocatus Diaboli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <p>Election of the Roman Pontiff </p> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_Filius" title="Aeterni Patris Filius">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <p>Academic degrees </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <p>Journals and Professional Societies </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></i></li></ul> <p>Faculties of canon law </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <p>Canonists </p> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As stated above, the effect of the sacraments comes <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i> (by the very fact of being administered). Since it is Christ who works through them, their effectiveness does not depend on the worthiness of the minister. The belief that the validity of the sacrament is dependent upon the holiness of the administrator was rejected in the <a href="/wiki/Donatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Donatist">Donatist</a> crisis. </p><p>However, an apparent administration of a sacrament is invalid if the person acting as minister does not have the necessary power (as if a deacon were to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>). They are also invalid if the required "matter" or "form" is lacking. The matter is the perceptible material object, such as water in baptism or bread and wine for the Eucharist, or the visible action. The form is the verbal statement that specifies the signification of the matter, such as, (in the Western Church), "N., I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit". Furthermore, if the minister positively excludes some essential aspect of the sacrament, the sacrament is invalid. This last condition lies behind <a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">the 1896 judgement of the Holy See</a> denying the validity of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Orders">Anglican Orders</a>, a judgment that, though questioned,<sup id="cite_ref-Lamb2017_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamb2017-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is still upheld. </p><p>A sacrament may be administered <a href="/wiki/Valid_but_illicit" class="mw-redirect" title="Valid but illicit">validly, but illicitly</a>, if a condition imposed by <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">canon law</a> is not observed. Obvious cases are administration of a sacrament by a priest under a penalty of excommunication or suspension, or an episcopal ordination without the Pontifical mandate (except in certain circumstances outlined in Canon Law). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impediments">Impediments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Impediments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of nullity</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a> specifies <a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">impediments</a> to reception of the sacraments of orders and marriage. Some impediments are merely prohibitive and only concern liceity, but a diriment impediment renders invalid any attempt to confer the sacrament. </p><p>In the Latin Church, only the Holy See can authentically declare when divine law prohibits or invalidates a marriage, and only the Holy See has the right to establish for those who are baptised other impediments to marriage (canon 1075). But individual <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>, after having fulfilled certain requirements that include consulting (but not necessarily obtaining approval from) the Holy See, may establish impediments.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If an impediment is imposed by merely ecclesiastical law, rather than being a matter of divine law, the Church may grant a dispensation from the impediment. </p><p>Conditions for validity of marriage such as sufficient use of reason (canon 1095) and freedom from coercion (canon 1103), and the requirement that, normally, a marriage be contracted in the presence of the local Ordinary or parish priest or of the priest or deacon delegated by either of them, and in the presence of two witnesses (canon 1108), are not classified in the 1983 Code of Canon Law as impediments, but have much the same effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conditional_conferral">Conditional conferral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Conditional conferral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conditional_sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditional sacraments">Conditional sacraments</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conditional_baptism" title="Conditional baptism">Conditional baptism</a></div> <p>Three of the sacraments may not be repeated: Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Orders: their effect is permanent. This teaching has been expressed by the images of, in the West, an indelible <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_character" title="Sacramental character">character or mark</a> and of, in the East, a seal (CCC 698). However, if there is doubt about the validity of the administration of one or more of these sacraments, a conditional form of conferral may be used, such as: "If you are not already baptized, I baptize you …"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the recent past, it was common practice in the Catholic Church to baptize conditionally almost every convert from <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> because of a perceived difficulty in judging about the validity in any concrete instance. In the case of the major Protestant <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>, agreements involving assurances about the manner in which they administer baptism has ended this practice, which sometimes continues for other groups of Protestant tradition. The Catholic Church has always recognized the validity of sacraments in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but it has explicitly denied the validity of the baptism conferred in <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not recognize a baptismal ceremony in which the names of the three divine persons (or <a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">hypostases</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>—<a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a>—are replaced by descriptors such as <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Redeemer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanctifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctifier">Sanctifier</a>, or Creator, Liberator, and Sustainer, and requires that the conditional form should not be used when baptizing those who have received this kind of baptism.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seven_Sacraments_fonts">Seven Sacraments fonts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Seven Sacraments fonts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baptism being the first sacrament in an individual's life, the Seven Sacraments were adopted in the eastern counties of England as a decorative motif for fonts. An octagonal form allowed for relief sculptures of all seven, plus a crucifixion. Examples can be found at St Bartholomew's, Sloley, Norfolk ; All Saints, Great Glemham, Suffolk (photo by courtesy of Chris Droffats); St Andrew, Westfall, Suffolk; Weston St Peter, Suffolk; St Peter and St Paul, Salle, Norfolk; St Nicholas, East Dereham, Norfolk; The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Great Witchingham, Norfolk; and Binham Priory, Norfolk. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Glemham,_All_Saints.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg/220px-Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg/330px-Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg/440px-Great_Glemham%2C_All_Saints.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1166" /></a><figcaption>Extreme Unction on the font at Great Glemham, Suffolk.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomistic_sacramental_theology" title="Thomistic sacramental theology">Thomistic sacramental theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Maundy (foot washing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental" title="Sacramental">Sacramental</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3E.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1211"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1211.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3E.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagshawe1871" class="citation book cs1">Bagshawe, Francis Lloyd (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pZY9ZS8l1AoC&pg=PA7"><i>A Catechism of the Sacraments of the Catholic Church. Compiled by a Priest (F. Ll. Bagshawe)</i></a>. E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lumen+Gentium%3A+chapter+7%2C+section+48%2C+paragraph+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P31.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1117"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1117.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P31.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3E.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1210"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1210.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3E.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P33.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1129"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1129.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P33.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html#The">"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 251"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+251.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html%23The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3F.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1212"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1212.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3F.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3J.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1239-1240"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1239-1240.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3J.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maritain.nd.edu/jmc/etext/sscr32.htm">"A Systematic Study of the Catholic Religion 32"</a>. <i>maritain.nd.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maritain.nd.edu&rft.atitle=A+Systematic+Study+of+the+Catholic+Religion+32&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritain.nd.edu%2Fjmc%2Fetext%2Fsscr32.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Baptism"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Baptism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F02258b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html#The%20sacraments%20of%20Christian%20initiation">"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 251"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+251.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html%23The%2520sacraments%2520of%2520Christian%2520initiation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html#The%20sacraments%20of%20Christian%20initiation">"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 266"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+266.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html%23The%2520sacraments%2520of%2520Christian%2520initiation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html#The%20sacraments%20of%20Christian%20initiation">"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, 267"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Compendium+of+the+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+267.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcompendium_ccc%2Fdocuments%2Farchive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html%23The%2520sacraments%2520of%2520Christian%2520initiation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a2.htm">"Catechism of the Catholic Church - The sacrament of Confirmation, 1303"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+-+The+sacrament+of+Confirmation%2C+1303.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp2s2c1a2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walsh-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cn4QrFoUPQsC&pg=PA153">Liam G. Walsh, <i>Sacraments of Initiation</i></a> (Liturgy Training Publications 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59525035-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59525035-3">978-1-59525035-3</a>), pp. 153–154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7kcK5YGvWkC&pg=PA86">John Flader, "The age for Confirmation" in <i>Question Time</i></a> (Taylor Trade 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58979594-5">978-1-58979594-5</a>), pp. 86–87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3F.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1212"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1212.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3F.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3W.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1322"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1322.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3W.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P38.HTM">"Code of Canon Law, 900 §1"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%2C+900+%C2%A71.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P38.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While in the English language, the word "priest" usually means someone received into the second of the three <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">holy orders</a> (also called the presbyterate) but not into the highest, that of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholicism)">bishop</a>, the Latin text underlying this statement uses the Latin term <i>sacerdos</i>, which comprises both bishops and, in the common English sense, priests. To refer exclusively to priests in the more common English sense, Latin uses the word <i>presbyter</i>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalinstructi0000smol/page/24">Dennis Chester Smolarski, <i>The General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 1969–2002: A Commentary</i></a> (Liturgical Press 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814629369" title="Special:BookSources/9780814629369">9780814629369</a>), p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSV.com2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSV.com2015_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSV.com2015_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Martin,_OSV2015" class="citation news cs1">M. Martin, OSV (7 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/Story/TabId/2672/ArtMID/13567/ArticleID/17817/Restored-order-for-sacraments-a-growing-trend.aspx">"Restored order for sacraments a growing trend"</a>. <i>OSV.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507131723/https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/Story/TabId/2672/ArtMID/13567/ArticleID/17817/Restored-order-for-sacraments-a-growing-trend.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>Denver, Honolulu are latest to move the Sacrament of Confirmation ahead of first Communion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OSV.com&rft.atitle=Restored+order+for+sacraments+a+growing+trend&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft.au=M.+Martin%2C+OSV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osv.com%2FOSVNewsweekly%2FStory%2FTabId%2F2672%2FArtMID%2F13567%2FArticleID%2F17817%2FRestored-order-for-sacraments-a-growing-trend.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Ferrone2017" class="citation news cs1">R. Ferrone (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/another-us-diocese-adopts-%E2%80%98restored-order%E2%80%99">"Another U.S. Diocese Adopts the 'Restored Order'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>commonwealthmagazine.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>Structuring Programs for Eucharistic Participation Instead of Confirmation</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=commonwealthmagazine.org&rft.atitle=Another+U.S.+Diocese+Adopts+the+%27Restored+Order%27&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.au=R.+Ferrone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealmagazine.org%2Fanother-us-diocese-adopts-%25E2%2580%2598restored-order%25E2%2580%2599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._LaPoint2015" class="citation news cs1">N. LaPoint (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denvercatholic.org/a-brief-catechism-on-the-restored-order/">"A brief catechism on the 'restored order'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915141750/http://denvercatholic.org/a-brief-catechism-on-the-restored-order/#.WvBU_smpXZE">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+brief+catechism+on+the+%27restored+order%27&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.au=N.+LaPoint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdenvercatholic.org%2Fa-brief-catechism-on-the-restored-order%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P47.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1423-1424"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church%2C+1423-1424.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P47.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P3F.HTM">canon 983</a> of the Code of Canon Law</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P52.HTM">"Code of Canon Law, 1388"</a>. <i>www.intratext.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intratext.com&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%2C+1388.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P52.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops2006" class="citation book cs1">US Conference of Catholic Bishops (2006). <i>Compendium: Catechism of the Catholic Church</i>. USCCB Publishing. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57455-720-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57455-720-6"><bdi>978-1-57455-720-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium%3A+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=USCCB+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57455-720-6&rft.au=US+Conference+of+Catholic+Bishops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P3Z.HTM">canons 1108 and 1112</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamb2017-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamb2017_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2017" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Christopher (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/7068/0/anglican-orders-not-invalid-says-cardinal-opening-way-for-revision-of-current-catholic-position-">"Anglican Orders Not 'Invalid' Says Cardinal, Opening Way for Revision of Current Catholic Position"</a>. <i>The Tablet</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tablet&rft.atitle=Anglican+Orders+Not+%27Invalid%27+Says+Cardinal%2C+Opening+Way+for+Revision+of+Current+Catholic+Position&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetablet.co.uk%2Fnews%2F7068%2F0%2Fanglican-orders-not-invalid-says-cardinal-opening-way-for-revision-of-current-catholic-position-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canon 792, <i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P2W.HTM">Code of Canon Law, canon 845 and 869</a>; <i>cf</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgZEjvB5cEC"><i>New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law</i>, John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J.</a>, pp. 1057–1059.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20010605_battesimo_mormoni_en.html">"Response of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith"</a>. Vatican.va. 5 June 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Response+of+the+Congregation+for+the+Doctrine+of+the+Faith&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft.date=2001-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_20010605_battesimo_mormoni_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20080201_validity-baptism_en.html">"Response of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith"</a>. Vatican.va. 1 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Response+of+the+Congregation+for+the+Doctrine+of+the+Faith&rft.pub=Vatican.va&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_20080201_validity-baptism_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerington1830" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berington" title="Joseph Berington">Berington, Joseph</a> (1830). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Faith of Catholics/Section 2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Faith_of_Catholics/Section_2">"The Sacraments." </a></span>. <i>The Faith of Catholics: confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the five first centuries of the Church, Volume 1</i>. Jos. Booker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sacraments.&rft.btitle=The+Faith+of+Catholics%3A+confirmed+by+Scripture%2C+and+attested+by+the+Fathers+of+the+five+first+centuries+of+the+Church%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Jos.+Booker.&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Berington&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a> OFMCap, <i>Introduction</i>, in: <i>Easter in the Early Church. An Anthology of Jewish and Early Christian Texts</i>, (1993), J.M. Quigley SJ, J.T. Lienhard SJ (translators & editors), Collegville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, pp. 254, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-2164-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-2164-3">0-8146-2164-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeharbe1912" class="citation book cs1">Deharbe, Joseph (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion/Chap. II. The Sacraments"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Religion/Chap._II._The_Sacraments">"Chap. II. The Sacraments" </a></span>. <i>A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion</i>. Translated by Rev. John Fander. Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chap.+II.+The+Sacraments&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Religion&rft.pub=Schwartz%2C+Kirwin+%26+Fauss&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Deharbe&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kenan B. Osborne, <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">OFM</a>, (1987), <i>The Christian Sacraments of Initiation. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist</i>, New York-Mahwah: Paulist Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-2886-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-2886-1">0-8091-2886-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kennedy, Daniel Joseph (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sacraments"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Sacraments">"Sacraments" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sacraments&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoschmann_Bernhard_SJ1963" class="citation book cs1">Poschmann Bernhard SJ (1963). <i>Penance and the Anointing of the Sick</i>. The Herder History of Dogma. Fr. Courtney SJ (transl. from German). Freiburg – London: Herder – Burns & Oates. p. 257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penance+and+the+Anointing+of+the+Sick&rft.place=Freiburg+%E2%80%93+London&rft.series=The+Herder+History+of+Dogma&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Herder+%E2%80%93+Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Poschmann+Bernhard+SJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Liam G. Walsh <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a> (1988), <i>The Sacraments of Christian Initiation. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist.</i> London: Geoffrey Chapman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B225%2B66499%2B2" title="Special:BookSources/0+225+66499+2">0 225 66499 2</a>, pp. 317.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel_C.1982" class="citation book cs1">Vogel C. (1982). <i>Le pécheur et la pénitence dans l'Église ancienne</i>. Paris: Cerf. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-204-01949-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-204-01949-6"><bdi>2-204-01949-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+p%C3%A9cheur+et+la+p%C3%A9nitence+dans+l%27%C3%89glise+ancienne&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Cerf&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=2-204-01949-6&rft.au=Vogel+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel_C.1982" class="citation book cs1">Vogel C. (1982). <i>Le pécheur et la pénitence au moyen-age</i>. Paris: Cerf. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-204-01950-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-204-01950-X"><bdi>2-204-01950-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+p%C3%A9cheur+et+la+p%C3%A9nitence+au+moyen-age&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Cerf&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=2-204-01950-X&rft.au=Vogel+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Edward Yarnold <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">SJ</a>, (1971) <i>The awe inspiring rites of initiation. Baptismal homilies of the fourth century</i>, Slough: St. Paul Publications, pp. 292 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85439%2B082%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/0+85439+082+0">0 85439 082 0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Summa_Theologiae/Third_Part/Question_60" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Summa Theologiae/Third Part/Question 60">Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, "On the Sacraments in general (III qq. 60–64)"</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3E.HTM"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i> on the Seven Sacraments</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent/Session VII/Sacraments"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Canons_and_Decrees_of_the_Council_of_Trent/Session_VII/Sacraments">"Session VII - Sacraments" </a></span>. <i>Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent</i>. Translated by Theodore Alois Buckley. 1851.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Session+VII+-+Sacraments&rft.btitle=Canons+and+Decrees+of+the+Council+of+Trent&rft.date=1851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASacraments+of+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiancatholicmedia.com/blogs/articles/7-sacraments">7 Sacraments</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments,_rites,_and_liturgies_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sacraments, 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href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Eucharistic liturgies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom">Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbana" title="Holy Qurbana">Holy Qurbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Qurbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Qurbono">Holy Qurbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa Cantata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical High Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal Mass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgical hours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a> (nighttime)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauds" title="Lauds">Lauds</a> (early morning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)" title="Prime (liturgy)">Prime</a> (first hour of daylight)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terce" title="Terce">Terce</a> (third hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sext" title="Sext">Sext</a> (noon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)" title="Nones (liturgy)">Nones</a> (ninth hour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> (sunset/evening) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evensong</a> (Anglican Use Vespers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsha" title="Ramsha">Ramsha</a> (West Syriac Vespers)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compline" title="Compline">Compline</a> (end of the day)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other liturgical services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Exorcism in the Catholic Church">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">Funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession#Catholic_Church" title="Procession">Procession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agpeya" title="Agpeya">Agpeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphonary" title="Antiphonary">Antiphonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_hours" title="Book of hours">Book of hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">Breviary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Roman Breviary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_(liturgy)" title="Customary (liturgy)">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical" title="Pontifical">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Liturgical language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Liturgical<br />rites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin<br />liturgical rites</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preconciliar_rites_after_the_Second_Vatican_Council" title="Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council">Extraordinary Form</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar rite">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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