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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis_entiti_GND" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis_entiti_GND"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jenis entiti GND</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis_entiti_GND-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fail Kewibawaan Bersepadu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 69 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="ملف الضبط الاستنادي المتكامل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملف الضبط الاستنادي المتكامل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="इंटीग्रेटेड ऑथारिटी फाइल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंटीग्रेटेड ऑथारिटी फाइल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Колективен нормативен архив – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колективен нормативен архив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komuna Norma Datumaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="برگه‌دان مستند فراگیر – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برگه‌دان مستند فراگیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90%EB%A9%94_%EB%85%B8%EB%A6%84%EB%8B%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" title="게마인자메 노름다타이 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게마인자메 노름다타이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="एकीकृत प्राधिकरण फ़ाइल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकीकृत प्राधिकरण फ़ाइल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91" title="קובץ בקרה משולב – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קובץ בקרה משולב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integr%C3%A1lt_katal%C3%B3gust%C3%A1r" title="Integrált katalógustár – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Integrált katalógustár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обединета нормативна податотека – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Обединета нормативна податотека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD" title="ഇന്റഗ്രേറ്റഡ് അതോറിറ്റി ഫയൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റഗ്രേറ്റഡ് അതോറിറ്റി ഫയൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2" title="इंटिग्रेटेड अथॉरिटी फाईल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंटिग्रेटेड अथॉरिटी फाईल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="ملف استنادى متكامل – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ملف استنادى متكامل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%A0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="統合典拠ファイル – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="統合典拠ファイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemiansoom_Normdatei" title="Gemiansoom Normdatei – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gemiansoom Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeensame_Normdatei" title="Gemeensame Normdatei – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gemeensame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integratit_Authority_File" title="Integratit Authority File – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Integratit Authority File" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GND" title="GND – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GND" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="සමෝධානික අධිකාරී ගොනුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමෝධානික අධිකාරී ගොනුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Integrated Authority File" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GND" title="GND – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GND" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GND" title="GND – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GND" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GND_(tunniste)" title="GND (tunniste) – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GND (tunniste)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంటెగ్రేటెడ్ అథారిటీ ఫైల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంటెగ్రేటెడ్ అథారిటీ ఫైల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%81" title="مربوط فائل مقتدرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مربوط فائل مقتدرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei – Venetia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3" title="整合规范文档 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="整合规范文档" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3" title="整合规范文档 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="整合规范文档" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li 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QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fail+Kewibawaan+Bersepadu"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GND" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36578" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png/220px-Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png/330px-Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png/440px-Gemeinsame_Normdatei_2012_Opera.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>GND screenshot</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fail Kewibawaan Bersepadu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Bahasa Jerman</a>: <i>Gemeinsame Normdate</i>i, juga dikenali sebagai <i>Integrated Authority File</i>) atau GND adalah fail berkuasa antarabangsa untuk organisasi nama peribadi, tajuk subjek dan badan-badan korporat dari katalog. Ia digunakan terutamanya untuk dokumentasi di perpustakaan dan semakin juga oleh arkib dan muzium. GND diuruskan oleh Perpustakaan Negara Jerman dengan kerjasama pelbagai rangkaian perpustakaan serantau di Jerman berbahasa Eropah dan rakan-rakan lain. GND jatuh di bawah lesen Creative Commons Zero (CC0). </p><p>Spesifikasi GND menyediakan hierarki entiti peringkat tinggi dan sub-kelas, berguna dalam klasifikasi perpustakaan, dan satu pendekatan untuk pengenalan jelas elemen tunggal. Ia juga terdiri daripada satu ontologi bertujuan untuk perwakilan pengetahuan dalam web semantik, yang boleh didapati dalam format RDF. </p><p>Fail Kewibawaan Bersepadu mula beroperasi pada April 2012 dan mengintegrasikan kandungan fail kuasa berikut yang telah pun dihentikan: </p> <ul><li>Name Authority File (Jerman: Personennamendatei; PND)</li> <li>Corporate Bodies Authority File (Jerman: gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei; GKD)</li> <li>Subject Headings Authority File (Jerman: Schlagwortnormdatei; SWD)</li> <li>Uniform Title File of the Deutsches Musikarchiv (Jerman: Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs; DMA-EST)</li> <li>Pada masa pengenalannya ("GND-Grundbestand" sejak 5 April 2012), GND mempunyai 9.493.860 fail, termasuk 2.650.000 nama orang.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis_entiti_GND">Jenis entiti GND</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Jenis entiti GND" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jenis entiti GND"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat tujuh jenis utama entiti GND:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Typ</th> <th>Jerman (rasmi)</th> <th>Inggeris (terjemahan) </th></tr> <tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <td><b>p</b></td> <td>Person (individualisiert)</td> <td>orang (individu) </td></tr> <tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <td><b>n</b></td> <td>Name (nicht individualisiert)</td> <td>orang (nama) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>k</b></td> <td>Körperschaft</td> <td>badan korporat </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>v</b></td> <td>Veranstaltung</td> <td>peristiwa </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>w</b></td> <td>Werk</td> <td>kerja </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>s</b></td> <td>Sachbegriff</td> <td>subjek </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>g</b></td> <td>Geografikum</td> <td>nama tempat geografi </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/standardisierung/entitaetencodierung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile">Entitätencodierung: Vergaberichtlinien</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215642/http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/standardisierung/entitaetencodierung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile">Diarkibkan</a> 2015-09-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (short lists: old and new version)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnb.de/EN/gnd">Information pages about the GND</a> from the German National Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=4/TTL=1/LNG=EN/START_WELCOME?retrace=0">Search via OGND</a> (Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnb.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DNB/service/rundschreibenBereitstellungGNDGrundbestand.pdf?__blob=publicationFile">Bereitstellung des ersten GND-Grundbestandes</a> DNB, 19 April 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://connect.ala.org/files/ALA_MFIG_Heuvelmann.pdf">From Authority Control to Linked Authority Data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184551/http://connect.ala.org/files/ALA_MFIG_Heuvelmann.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 2016-03-03 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Presentation given by Reinhold Heuvelmann (German National Library) to the ALA MARC Formats Interest Group, June 2012</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&oldid=5310696">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fail_Kewibawaan_Bersepadu&oldid=5310696</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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