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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Roubaix" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Roubaix" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Hydrology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Toponymy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Heraldry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 People </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle People subsection </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 Buddhism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Urbanism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urbanism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Urbanism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Urbanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Urban geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_political_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_political_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Administrative and political affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_and_political_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administrative and political affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_political_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constituencies_and_cantons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituencies_and_cantons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Constituencies and cantons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constituencies_and_cantons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_zoning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_zoning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Administrative zoning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_zoning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eastern_district_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_district_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Eastern district neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_district_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_district_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_district_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Western district neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_district_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_district_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_district_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Central district neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_district_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_district_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_district_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Northern district neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_district_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_district_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_district_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5 Southern district neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_district_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Mayors of the city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Landmarks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Landmarks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sculptures_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculptures_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Sculptures and memorials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculptures_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Painting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_and_performing_arts_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_and_performing_arts_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Theatre and performing arts centres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_and_performing_arts_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Higher education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Higher education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textile_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textile_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Textile industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textile_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Commerce and services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology_and_e-business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology_and_e-business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Information technology and e-business </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_technology_and_e-business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Environmental perspectives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Artists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Athletes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politicians_and_professionals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politicians_and_professionals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Politicians and professionals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politicians_and_professionals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Scientists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Writers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Roubaix</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 174 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-174" aria-hidden="true" > 174 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%89%A4" title="ሩቤ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩቤ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube" title="Rube – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rube" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="روبيه (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبيه (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roub%C3%AAx" title="Roubêx – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Roubêx" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube" title="Rube – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rube" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روبه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87" title="রুবে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুবে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8D" title="Рубэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рубэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF" title="Ρουμπαί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουμπαί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روبه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87" title="રુબે – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રુબે" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B2%A0" title="루베 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루베" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5" title="Ռուբե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուբե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="रूबे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूबे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="רובה (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובה (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94" title="რუბე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუბე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woube" title="Woube – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Woube" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosbacum" title="Rosbacum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rosbacum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%93" title="Rubē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rubē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%97" title="Rubė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rubė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube" title="Rube – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rube" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="रूबे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रूबे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مدينه روبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه روبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روبه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روبه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ရူးဗေ့မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူးဗေ့မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robaais" title="Robaais – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Robaais" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99" title="ルーベ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーベ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="ГӀубе – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀубе" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube" title="Rube – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Rube" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87" title="ਰੁਬੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੁਬੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%92" title="روبے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روبے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_(%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="روبي (ښار) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روبي (ښار)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roub%C3%A9s" title="Roubés – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Roubés" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86" title="ருபெ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ருபெ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A" title="รูแบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูแบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рубе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рубе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="روبی (شہر) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روبی (شہر)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube" title="Rube – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rube" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roub%C3%A9s" title="Roubés – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Roubés" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboais" title="Roboais – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Roboais" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%B4%9D" title="鲁贝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲁贝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A2" title="רובע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רובע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Roubaix" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Roubaix&params=50.6901_N_3.18167_E_type:city(98892)_region:FR-HDF">50°41′24″N 3°10′54″E / 50.6901°N 3.18167°E / 50.6901; 3.18167</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Roubaix_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Roubaix (disambiguation)">Roubaix (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Commune in Hauts-de-France, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Roubaix</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Roboais (<a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>)</li><li>Roubés (<a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard</a>)</li><li>Robaais (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hôtel de Ville (City Hall)"><img alt="The Hôtel de Ville (City Hall)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG/270px-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG/405px-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG/540px-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Roubaix" title="Hôtel de Ville, Roubaix">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_(Nord).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Roubaix"><img alt="Coat of arms of Roubaix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Probitas et Industria</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_OSM_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roubaix_OSM_01.png/250px-Roubaix_OSM_01.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roubaix_OSM_01.png/375px-Roubaix_OSM_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Roubaix_OSM_01.png/500px-Roubaix_OSM_01.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="552" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Roubaix</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_680a467a861bb93edc796e07aa3a5453b6b24b7b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Roubaix&revid=1255238750&groups=_680a467a861bb93edc796e07aa3a5453b6b24b7b" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Roubaix&revid=1255238750&groups=_680a467a861bb93edc796e07aa3a5453b6b24b7b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roubaix is located in France"><img alt="Roubaix is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.713%;left:56.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Roubaix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Roubaix</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of France</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roubaix is located in Hauts-de-France"><img alt="Roubaix is located in Hauts-de-France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/270px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/405px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg/540px-Hauts-de-France_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="1742" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.005%;left:61.819%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Roubaix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Roubaix</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Hauts-de-France</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Roubaix&params=50.6901_N_3.18167_E_type:city(98892)_region:FR-HDF">50°41′24″N 3°10′54″E / 50.6901°N 3.18167°E / 50.6901; 3.18167</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Lille" title="Arrondissement of Lille">Lille</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Roubaix-1" title="Canton of Roubaix-1">Roubaix-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Roubaix-2" title="Canton of Roubaix-2">Roubaix-2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_Europ%C3%A9enne_de_Lille" title="Métropole Européenne de Lille">Métropole Européenne de Lille</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020–2026) </th><td class="infobox-data">Guillaume Delbar<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">1</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">13.23 km2 (5.11 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2">[2]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">98,892</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Roubaisian (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>) Roubaisien(ne) (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">fr</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-59512">59512</a> /59100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">17–52 m (56–171 ft) (avg. 35 m or 115 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-roubaix.fr">www.ville-roubaix.fr</a> (in French)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> Roubaix (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ruːˈbeɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">roo-BAY</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁubɛ]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁube]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/df\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-Roubaix.wav">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: Robaais; <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>: Roboais; <a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard</a>: Roubés) is a city in northern France, located in the <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> metropolitan area on the Belgian border. It is a historically mono-industrial <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a><a href="#cite_note-tpo-3">[3]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> which grew rapidly in the 19th century from its textile industries, with most of the same characteristic features as those of English and American <a href="/wiki/Boomtown" title="Boomtown">boom towns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> This former new town has faced many challenges linked to deindustrialisation such as <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> with their related economic and social implications, since its major industries fell into decline by the middle of the 1970s. Located to the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a>, Roubaix is the <a href="/wiki/Chef-lieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef-lieu">chef-lieu</a> of two <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">cantons</a> and the third largest city in the French <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a> ranked by population with nearly 99,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-pop2019-8">[8]</a> Together with the nearby cities of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq" title="Villeneuve-d'Ascq">Villeneuve-d'Ascq</a> and eighty-six other <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">communes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Roubaix gives structure to a four-centred <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the <a href="/wiki/European_Metropolis_of_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="European Metropolis of Lille">European Metropolis of Lille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> To a greater extent, Roubaix is in the center of a vast <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> formed with the Belgian cities of <a href="/wiki/Mouscron" title="Mouscron">Mouscron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a>, which gave birth to the first <a href="/wiki/European_Grouping_of_Territorial_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation">European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation</a> in January 2008, <a href="/wiki/Lille%E2%80%93Kortrijk%E2%80%93Tournai" class="mw-redirect" title="Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai">Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai</a> with an aggregate population of over 2 million inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> Roubaix occupies a central position on the north-east slope of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_Europ%C3%A9enne_de_Lille" title="Métropole Européenne de Lille">Métropole Européenne de Lille</a>: it is set on the eastern side of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> and the southern side of <a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a>, close to the Belgian border. As regards towns' boundaries, Roubaix is encompassed by seven cities which constitute its immediate neighbouring environment. These <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a> are namely: Tourcoing to the north and the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Wattrelos" title="Wattrelos">Wattrelos</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Leers" title="Leers">Leers</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Lys-lez-Lannoy" title="Lys-lez-Lannoy">Lys-lez-Lannoy</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Hem,_Nord" title="Hem, Nord">Hem</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Croix,_Nord" title="Croix, Nord">Croix</a> to the southwest and the west. Roubaix, alongside those municipalities and twenty-one other communes, belongs to the land of Ferrain, a little district of the former <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellany</a> of Lille between the <a href="/wiki/Lys_(river)" title="Lys (river)">Lys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> rivers.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/As_the_crow_flies" title="As the crow flies">As the crow flies</a>, the distance between Roubaix and the following cities is some odd: 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to Tournai, 18 kilometres (11 mi) to Kortrijk, 84 kilometres (52 mi) to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and 213 kilometres (132 mi) to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-efr-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> The land upon which Roubaix stands belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Plain_of_Flanders" title="Plain of Flanders">plain of Flanders</a>. The Roubaisian area stretches on an <a href="/wiki/East" title="East">east</a>-<a href="/wiki/West" title="West">west</a> oriented shallow <a href="/wiki/Syncline" title="Syncline">syncline</a> axis which trends <a href="/wiki/South" title="South">south</a>-<a href="/wiki/Southeast" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast">southeast</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a><a href="#cite_note-jdjp-16">[16]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lantois" title="Mélantois">Mélantois</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tournaisis" title="Tournaisis">Tournaisis</a> faulted <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hrarcr-17">[17]</a> It consists predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(geology)" title="Deposition (geology)">depositions</a>. It is flat and low, with an <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> drop of only 35 m (114 ft 10 in) over its 13.23 square kilometres (5.11 sq mi). The lowest <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> of this area stands at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>17 m (55 ft 9+1⁄2 in), while its highest altitude is 52 m (170 ft 7 in) meters above the sea level.<a href="#cite_note-cassini-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hydrology">edit</a>]</div> The Trichon <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">stream</a> fed by waters of the Espierre stream used to flow through the rural <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscape</a> of Roubaix before the <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialisation process</a> began to alter this area in the middle of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-srjsme-19">[19]</a> From that century on, the ensuing industries, with their increasing needs for reliable supplies of goods and water, led to the building of an inland <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a> connected upstream from the <a href="/wiki/De%C3%BBle" title="Deûle">Deûle</a> and downstream to the <a href="/wiki/Marque_(river)" title="Marque (river)">Marque</a> and Espierre toward the Scheldt, which linked directly Roubaix to Lille.<a href="#cite_note-usfc-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Opened in 1877,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Roubaix" title="Canal de Roubaix">Canal de Roubaix</a> crosses the town from its northern neighbourhoods to its eastern neighbourhoods and partially flows along the city's boundaries. The Canal de Roubaix closed in 1985, after more than a century in use.<a href="#cite_note-hmk-23">[23]</a> Thank to the European funded project Blue Links, the waterway has been reopened to <a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">boating</a> traffic since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> The area of the city is not known for undergoing unusual weather events. In regard to the town's geographical location<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and the results of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lille#Climate" title="Lille">Lille</a>-Lesquin,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Roubaix is a temperate <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>: while <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a> experiences mild temperatures, <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>'s temperatures may fall to below zero. <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">Precipitation</a> is infrequently intense. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Roubaix (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1965−present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.1 (107.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.1 (107.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.5 (5.9) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.5 (9.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5 (18.5) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5 (27.5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0 (19.4) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.5 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.5 (5.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.8 (2.75) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6 (2.15) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (2.52) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.3 (2.10) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8 (2.67) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6 (2.82) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2 (2.92) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0 (2.76) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0 (2.68) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.1 (3.04) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.5 (3.21) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.4 (3.20) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">833.2 (32.80) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">136.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> The current city's name is most likely derived from <a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a> rausa "<a href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reed</a>" and baki "<a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">brook</a>".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-en_topo-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-voj-31">[31]</a> Therefore, the meaning of Roubaix can, in all likelihood, find its origin on the banks of its three historical brooks: Espierre, Trichon and Favreuil.<a href="#cite_note-tlad-32">[32]</a> The place was mentioned for the first time in a Latinised form in the 9th century: Villa Rusbaci.<a href="#cite_note-en_topo-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-voj-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Thereafter, the following names were in use: 1047 and 1106 Rubais, 1122 Rosbays, 1166 Rusbais, 1156 and 1202 Robais, 1223 Roubais.<a href="#cite_note-en_topo-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Over the span of centuries, the name evolved to Roubaix as shown on <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Mercator</a>'s map of Flanders published at <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> in 1540.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Parallel to the official and usual name Roubaix, some translations are worth a mention. Firstly, though the city has never belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Flemish</a>-speaking area,<a href="#cite_note-ltct-36">[36]</a> the seldom-heard renderings Robeke<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and Roodebeeke<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> are documented for Roubaix.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Furthermore, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Language_Union" title="Dutch Language Union">Dutch Language Union</a> established Robaais as the city's proper <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> name.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Lastly, one can cite Rosbacum as the definite <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> transcription of Roubaix which has been in use since the 19th century, as recorded on dedication statements sealed in the first stones of the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Roubaix" title="Hôtel de Ville, Roubaix">Hôtel de Ville</a> (City Hall) laid in 1840 and the Church of Notre Dame laid in 1842.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Roubaix" title="Timeline of Roubaix">Timeline of Roubaix</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is empty. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (July 2015)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg/220px-Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg/330px-Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg/440px-Old_Roubaix_1699.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>View of the city, dated 1699. Landscape with the castle, surrounded by a moat, next to the Sainte-Elisabeth hospital at left, the mill at right and the Saint-Martin church, regarded as the city's centre point, at centre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Heraldry">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;padding:5px 8px;width:120px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_(Nord).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Roubaix"><img alt="Arms of Roubaix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/120px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/180px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg/240px-Blason_ville_fr_Roubaix_%28Nord%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Roubaix</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;">The arms of Roubaix are <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazoned</a>: Party per pale ermine a chief gules and azure, thereon between two bobbins argent a five-pointed star or in chief, a wool-cards at its centre and a shuttle fesswise in base or, all within a bordure indented of the same. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: People">edit</a>]</div> Inhabitants of Roubaix are known in English as "Roubaisians" and in French as Roubaisiens (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁu.bɛ.zjɛ̃]</a>) or in the feminine form Roubaisiennes (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁu.bɛ.zjɛn]</a>), also natively called Roubaignots (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁu.bɛ.njo]</a>) or in the feminine form Roubaignotes (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁu.bɛ.njoz]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-fraflapi-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">Demographics of France</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1716 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,715</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1764 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,363</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1789 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,559</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">8,091</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,151</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1805 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,703</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,724</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1817 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,724</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,170</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.68%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1830 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,455</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,802</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1842 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,892</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,039</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,698</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,445</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,274</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">65,091</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.43%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,757</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,299</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">114,917</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">124,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">124,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">121,017</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">122,723</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">113,265</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.80%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,209</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,190</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,105</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,978</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">110,067</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.25%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,553</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,602</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">97,746</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.48%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,984</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">97,423</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,536</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,990</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.51%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">From 1962 to 1999: <a href="/wiki/Population_without_double_counting" title="Population without double counting">population without double counting</a> Source: L.E. Marissal for 1716, 1789, 1801, 1805, 1817, 1830 and 1842,<a href="#cite_note-marissal-46">[46]</a> Comte du Muy for 1764,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Ldh/<a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a>/Cassini until 2006<a href="#cite_note-cassini-18">[18]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> from 2007<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793 and the research study of Louis-Edmond Marissal, Clerk of the Peace of the city, published in 1844.<a href="#cite_note-marissal-46">[46]</a> Roubaix evolved into a provincial market town until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a> with a census population of 4,715 inhabitants in 1716.<a href="#cite_note-marissal-46">[46]</a> By the late 18th century, the city began to emerge as regional textile manufacturing centre and its population increased, reaching a level of 8,091 in 1800. As a result of the industrialisation process of the 19th century, the need of workers was supplied by <a href="/wiki/Rural_flight" title="Rural flight">rural flight</a> as well as immigration. Belgian <a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">settlement</a> was a feature of the Roubaisian life at that time.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> During the first-half period of the 19th century, Roubaix ranked the first French town in terms of <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth rate</a> with a five times increase,<a href="#cite_note-xdppc-51">[51]</a> whereas in the remaining period of this century its population doubled. Within this last time framework, Belgian immigration appeared to be one of the major factor to explain the significantly high population growth, with 30,465 Belgian inhabitants counted in 1866 and 42,103 in 1872.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Nonetheless, the <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_natural_increase" title="Rate of natural increase">rate of natural increase</a> shew to be a more important component of the population growth in that period.<a href="#cite_note-lpm-53">[53]</a> At the 20th century threshold, the Roubaisian population reached a peak of 124,661, from which it progressively declined over the successive decades. Occupied by German troops from October 1914 to October 1918, Roubaix belonged to the combat zone of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Over this <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupation</a> period, Roubaisians suffered from dearth, <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Unfree_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfree labour">compulsory labour</a> and unusual casualties<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> with a rather slight population drop from 122,723 to 113,265 between the 1911 and 1921 censuses.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The population of the city was 98,828 as of January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-pop2019-8">[8]</a> This enables Roubaix to remain the third largest municipality in the region <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a>, after Lille and <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>. As of 2019, at least 25% of residents in Roubaix were immigrants, mainly of <a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_France" title="Arabs in France">Arab</a>, North African, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_France" title="Turks in France">Turkish</a>, and Sub-Saharan African origin.<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-colleenlnugent.com-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> Although the region of Roubaix was subjected many times to the domination of Flanders' rulers throughout its history, Roubaisians have used a local <a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard</a> variant as the language of everyday life for centuries. This spoken <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> is locally known as Roubaignot.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-tpo2-61">[61]</a> Until the early 20th century this <a href="/wiki/Patois" title="Patois">patois</a> prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Therefore, French language progressive penetration into local culture should not only be analysed as a result of the industrialisation and urbanisation of the area but should also be considered in terms of <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public education</a> policies.<a href="#cite_note-fraflapi-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> The city of Roubaix is divided into six <a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Catholic parishes</a> and belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">deanery</a> of the same name in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lille" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lille">archdiocese of Lille</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> and the German annexation of <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> left their homes and emigrated.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Jewish arrival in Roubaix derives from that bitter period of history.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-jvf-67">[67]</a> At the time, the new immigrant community, even though its small size, dedicated a building to Jewish <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_practice" title="Spiritual practice">practises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jvf-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-ddcjs-69">[69]</a> The newly opened synagogue, located in a house at number 51 on the narrow rue des Champs,<a href="#cite_note-jvf-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-ddcjs-69">[69]</a> operated more than 60 years, until 1939, when it was closed under imprecise local circumstances as the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi regime</a> took over in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-ddcjs-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-jrb-70">[70]</a> Despite the closure of the synagogue, the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">occupation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_raid" title="Police raid">police raids</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> the local practise of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> saw a humble revival after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a> which lasted until the start of the 1990s when the modest Jewry of Roubaix handed over its <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Torah">Sefer Torah</a> to the care of the Jewish community of Lille.<a href="#cite_note-jrb-70">[70]</a> Roubaix has no longer been home to a Jewish place of worship since that event.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> The house inside which the first one was created 123 years ago, has been demolished since an <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> project occurred in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-jvf-67">[67]</a> On 10 September 2015 the mayor unveiled a <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">commemorative plaque</a> on the rue des Champs, as a tribute to the Roubaisian Jewry, in memory of the religious purpose of this previous building.<a href="#cite_note-jrb-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> As of August 2013 there were six <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> in the town, including one under construction. According to estimates by the mayor's office, around 20,000 people, or at least 20% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-colleenlnugent.com-58">[58]</a> Over one-in-three residents in Roubaix are of <a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_France" title="Arabs in France">Arab</a>, North African, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_France" title="Turks in France">Turkish</a>, and Sub-Saharan African origin.<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-57">[57]</a> Four areas of the cemetery were designated for Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-jgilman-76">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Buddhism">edit</a>]</div> During the second half of the 20th century, the city took in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist communities</a> from <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Buddhism in Southeast Asia">originally Buddhist countries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Southeast Asian peninsula</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Within this background Roubaix has brought together two Buddhist traditions on its territory, hence cultural variations across communities: <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahāyāna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravāda</a> with, respectively, one and four places of worship.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urbanism">Urbanism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Urbanism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_geography">Urban geography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Urban geography">edit</a>]</div> During the Middle Age, the city grew in a northward-facing semicircle around its primitive core, beyond the area spread out between the church Saint Martin and the former fortified castle. The existence of this south boundary remained until the 18th century and marked an urban expansion which mainly occurred on the western and northern sides of the town.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Increasing industrialisation, land transport improvement, continued population growth and the resulting need for suitable low cost lands for housing and manufacturing plants, all of which finally led to expand the city southward from the centre, in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_political_affairs">Administrative and political affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Administrative and political affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constituencies_and_cantons">Constituencies and cantons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Constituencies and cantons">edit</a>]</div> Roubaix grouped four cantons from 1988 to 2012. Since then, this number has fallen to two with Roubaix 1 and Roubaix 2. After the last <a href="/wiki/2010_redistricting_of_French_legislative_constituencies" title="2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies">redistricting of French legislative constituencies in 2010</a>, the city is now divided into two <a href="/wiki/Constituency_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (France)">constituencies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nord%27s_7th_constituency" title="Nord's 7th constituency">Nord's 7th constituency</a> which include the former canton of Roubaix-Ouest and <a href="/wiki/Nord%27s_8th_constituency" title="Nord's 8th constituency">Nord's 8th constituency</a> formed by the following former cantons: Roubaix-Centre, Roubaix-Nord and Roubaix-Est. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_zoning">Administrative zoning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administrative zoning">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_district_neighbourhoods">Eastern district neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Eastern district neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Fraternité</li> <li>Pile</li> <li>Sainte-Elisabeth</li> <li>Sartel-Carihem</li> <li>Trois Ponts</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_district_neighbourhoods">Western district neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Western district neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Epeule</li> <li>Fresnoy-Mackellerie</li> <li>Trichon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_district_neighbourhoods">Central district neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Central district neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Anseelme Motte-Bossut</li> <li>Barbieux</li> <li>Centre-ville</li> <li>Crouy</li> <li>Espérance</li> <li>Nations-Unies</li> <li>Vauban</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_district_neighbourhoods">Northern district neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Northern district neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Alma-Gare</li> <li>Armentières</li> <li>Cul de Four</li> <li>Entrepont</li> <li>Fosses aux Chênes</li> <li>Hommelet</li> <li>Hutin-Oran-Cartigny</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_district_neighbourhoods">Southern district neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Southern district neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Chemin Neuf</li> <li>Edouard Vaillant</li> <li>Hauts-Champs</li> <li>Justice</li> <li>Linné-Boulevards</li> <li>Moulin</li> <li>Nouveau Roubaix</li> <li>Petites-Haies</li> <li>Potennerie</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayors_of_the_city">Mayors of the city</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Mayors of the city">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mayor</th> <th>Term start</th> <th>Term end</th> <th>Party<a href="#cite_note-83">[note 2]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Carette" title="Henri Carette">Henri Carette</a></td> <td>May 1892</td> <td>December 1901</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Workers%27_Party" title="French Workers' Party">POF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Edouard Roussel</td> <td>December 1901</td> <td>January 1902</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Radical_Union" title="Democratic and Radical Union">UDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Eugène Motte</td> <td>January 1902</td> <td>May 1912</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">FR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas" title="Jean-Baptiste Lebas">Jean-Baptiste Lebas</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[note 3]</a></td> <td>May 1912</td> <td>March 1915</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Henri Thérin<a href="#cite_note-85">[note 4]</a></td> <td>March 1915</td> <td>October 1918</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas" title="Jean-Baptiste Lebas">Jean-Baptiste Lebas</a></td> <td>October 1918</td> <td>June 1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Fleuris Vanherpe<a href="#cite_note-87">[note 5]</a></td> <td>June 1940</td> <td>August 1941</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Marcel Guislain</td> <td>August 1941</td> <td>December 1941</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Alphonse Verbeurgt</td> <td>January 1942</td> <td>May 1942</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Charles Bauduin</td> <td>May 1942</td> <td>July 1942</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Victor Provo<a href="#cite_note-91">[note 6]</a></td> <td>July 1942</td> <td>March 1977</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> then <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Pierre Prouvost</td> <td>March 1977</td> <td>March 1983</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">André Diligent</td> <td>March 1983</td> <td>May 1994</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a>-<a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Social_Democrats" title="Centre of Social Democrats">CDS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">René Vandierendonck</td> <td>May 1994</td> <td>March 2012</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a>-<a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Social_Democrats" title="Centre of Social Democrats">CDS</a> then <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_left" title="Miscellaneous left">DVG</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Pierre Dubois</td> <td>March 2012</td> <td>March 2014</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Guillaume Delbar</td> <td>April 2014</td> <td>–</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> then <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> and finally <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miscellanoeous_right&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miscellanoeous right (page does not exist)">DVD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> Roubaix is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-fd_jum-92">[86]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, United Kingdom, since 1969<a href="#cite_note-fd_jum-92">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning-93">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a>, Germany, since 1969<a href="#cite_note-jp_jum-94">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-pc_jum-95">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Verviers" title="Verviers">Verviers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, since 1969<a href="#cite_note-jp_jum-94">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-pc_jum-95">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, since 1973<a href="#cite_note-Skopje_twinnings-96">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>, Italy, since 1981<a href="#cite_note-pp_jum-97">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec" title="Sosnowiec">Sosnowiec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, since 1993<a href="#cite_note-so_jum-98">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Covilh%C3%A3" title="Covilhã">Covilhã</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, since 2000<a href="#cite_note-co_jum-99">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bou%C3%AFra" title="Bouïra">Bouïra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, since 2003<a href="#cite_note-fd_jum-92">[86]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> Remarkable buildings, old brick factories and warehouses abound in this once renowned city which was esteemed to be a <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">worldwide</a> textile <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> in the early years of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> Thus, the city inherited one of the most <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architectural works</a> in the <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">French history and culture of the 19th century</a> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and was designated <a href="/wiki/French_Towns_and_Lands_of_Art_and_History" title="French Towns and Lands of Art and History">Town of Art and History</a> on 13 December 2000.<a href="#cite_note-tah-101">[95]</a> Ever since the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a> endowed Roubaix with this label, the city has entered the 21st century by promoting its cultural standing as the inheritance of its industrial and social history.<a href="#cite_note-jnk-102">[96]</a> Several profane or sacral buildings of Roubaix are registered as <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">historic monuments</a>. <dl><dt>Secular buildings registered as monuments historiques</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barbieux health centre"><img alt="Barbieux health centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg/240px-Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg/360px-Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg/480px-Centre_m%C3%A9dical_Barbieux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3781" data-file-height="2836" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barbieux health centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ENSAIT"><img alt="ENSAIT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg/407px-Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg/610px-Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg/813px-Roubaix_ENSAIT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1418" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/ENSAIT" title="ENSAIT">ENSAIT</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prouvost private mansion"><img alt="Prouvost private mansion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg/243px-Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg/364px-Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg/486px-Roubaix_hotel_-_Catteau_-_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1732" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prouvost private mansion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 69.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 67.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art nouveau house"><img alt="Art nouveau house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg/101px-Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg/151px-Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg/202px-Roubaix-maison-art-nouveau-16-bd-general-leclerc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="4224" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Art_nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Art nouveau">Art nouveau</a> house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three-storey stately house"><img alt="Three-storey stately house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg/126px-Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg/188px-Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg/251px-Roubaix_maison_28_rue_du_Mar%C3%A9chal-Foch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="2800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three-storey stately house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rémy Cogghe's house"><img alt="Rémy Cogghe's house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG/135px-Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG/202px-Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG/270px-Roubaix_maison_cogghe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rémy Cogghe's house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Law court"><img alt="Law court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg/272px-Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg/408px-Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg/544px-Roubaix_palais_justice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2578" data-file-height="1707" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Law court</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huchon water tower"><img alt="Huchon water tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg/180px-Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg/270px-Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg/360px-Roubaix_reservoir_Huchon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2295" data-file-height="2293" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huchon water tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="National Archives of the Working World"><img alt="National Archives of the Working World" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG/238px-Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG/358px-Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG/477px-Roubaix_archives_travail_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1813" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Archives of the Working World</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Concierge of the demolished Palais Vaissier"><img alt="Concierge of the demolished Palais Vaissier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg/198px-Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg/297px-Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg/396px-Tourcoing.-Palais_Vaissier_rue_de_Mouvaux_MH_PA00107841_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="2668" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Concierge of the demolished <a href="/wiki/Palais_Vaissier" title="Palais Vaissier">Palais Vaissier</a></div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Religious structures registered as monuments historiques</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Convent of Clarisses"><img alt="Convent of Clarisses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg/135px-PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg/202px-PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg/270px-PA59000169_couvant_des_Clarisses_de_Roubaix_-_Nord.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Convent of Clarisses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Deconsecrated Church Notre-Dame"><img alt="Deconsecrated Church Notre-Dame" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG/149px-RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG/224px-RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG/298px-RoubaixAncienneEgliseNotreDame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2123" data-file-height="2560" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deconsecrated Church Notre-Dame</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church Saint-Martin"><img alt="Church Saint-Martin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg/271px-Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg/406px-Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg/542px-Roubaix_-_%C3%89glise_Saint-Martin_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church Saint-Martin</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculptures_and_memorials">Sculptures and memorials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sculptures and memorials">edit</a>]</div> The city has been the place where illustrious names of French sculptors put their skills to create memorial monuments since the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century. After a long slack period 2010 introduced a shift in the genre with the unveiling of Wim Delvoye's Discobolos, a statue of modern art conceived as a welcoming sign to a neighbourhood of the city.<a href="#cite_note-discow-103">[97]</a> The sculptures and memorial monuments in Roubaix which deserve notice for their historical or artistical interest are mentioned below. <ul><li>Discobolos: a <a href="/wiki/New_patrons" title="New patrons">New patrons</a> project by <a href="/wiki/Wim_Delvoye" title="Wim Delvoye">Wim Delvoye</a> (sculptor), Bruno Dupont (mediator), <a href="/wiki/Fondation_de_France" title="Fondation de France">Fondation de France</a> and city of Roubaix (supporters), ordered by the neighbourhood residents with the members of the Hommelet neighbourhood committee<a href="#cite_note-104">[note 7]</a> and inaugurated on 5 June 2010<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> statue: <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Real_del_Sarte" title="Maxime Real del Sarte">Maxime Real del Sarte</a> (sculptor), inaugurated on 27 May 1952<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a></li> <li>Memorial to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas" title="Jean-Baptiste Lebas">Jean-Baptiste Lebas</a>: Albert de Jaeger (sculptor), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on 23 October 1949<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a></li> <li>Memorial to <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a> Martyrs of Roubaix: Albert de Jaeger (sculptor), engraved "Roubaix a ses martyrs de la Résistance" and "Ils ont brisé les chaînes de l'oppression",<a href="#cite_note-108">[note 8]</a> ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 11 November 1948<a href="#cite_note-jp_scu-109">[101]</a></li> <li>Memorial to Eugène Motte: Raoul Bénard (sculptor), Gustave Poubel (architect), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on 22 September 1935<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a></li> <li>Memorial to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Weerts" title="Jean-Joseph Weerts">Jean-Joseph Weerts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Descatoire" title="Alexandre Descatoire">Alexandre Descatoire</a> (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 29 October 1931<a href="#cite_note-lpp-110">[102]</a></li> <li>Memorial to Louis Bossut: <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Real_del_Sarte" title="Maxime Real del Sarte">Maxime Real del Sarte</a> (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 4 October 1925<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_aux_Morts" title="Monuments aux Morts">Monuments aux Morts</a> or World War I Memorial of Roubaix: <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Descatoire" title="Alexandre Descatoire">Alexandre Descatoire</a> (sculptor), Jean-Frédéric Wielhorski (architect), engraved "Roubaix à ses enfants morts pour la défense du pays et pour la paix",<a href="#cite_note-112">[note 9]</a> ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 18 October 1925<a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a></li> <li>Memorial to <a href="/wiki/Jules_Guesde" title="Jules Guesde">Jules Guesde</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgette_Agutte" title="Georgette Agutte">Georgette Agutte-Sembat</a> (sculptor), Albert Bührer (architect), funded through public subscription and inaugurated on 12 April 1925<a href="#cite_note-114">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a></li> <li>Memorial to Amédée Prouvost: <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Lef%C3%A8bvre" title="Hippolyte Lefèbvre">Hippolyte Lefèbvre</a> (sculptor), ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 29 October 1922<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a></li> <li>Memorial to Pierre Destombes: Corneille Theunissen (sculptor), engraved "Hortorum, Musicae, Librorumque, Studiosus",<a href="#cite_note-116">[note 10]</a> ordered by the City council and inaugurated on 29 October 1922<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[107]</a></li> <li>Memorial to Gustave Nadaud: <a href="/wiki/Alphonse-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Cordonnier" title="Alphonse-Amédée Cordonnier">Alphonse-Amédée Cordonnier</a> (sculptor), Gustave Leblanc-Barbedienne (art founder), inaugurated on 11 October 1896<a href="#cite_note-rbx_pbgb-106">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[108]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> Roubaix has been home to two major museums of the region Hauts-de-France since the beginning of the 21st century: <a href="/wiki/La_Piscine_Museum" title="La Piscine Museum">La Piscine</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[note 11]</a> and La Manufacture;<a href="#cite_note-120">[note 12]</a> inheriting both of the local socioeconomic history. La Piscine, also known as the Musée d'Art & d'Industrie André Diligent,<a href="#cite_note-121">[note 13]</a> is one of the most lauded cultural attractions in northern France. This museum is housed in the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>-style former swimming pool of Roubaix, a building remodelled in 2000 to accommodate and exhibit 19th and 20th century collections of the city.<a href="#cite_note-122">[note 14]</a> After being closed for two years of renovation works and extension, it was reopened to the public in October 2018, becoming more successful than ever before.<a href="#cite_note-123">[109]</a> La Manufacture is the reference textile museum in northern France. It is hosted in an old <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> factory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Painting">edit</a>]</div> The most prestigious names of painters, who made their reputation in Roubaix from the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century are <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Weerts" title="Jean-Joseph Weerts">Jean-Joseph Weerts</a><a href="#cite_note-lpp-110">[102]</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9my_Cogghe" title="Rémy Cogghe">Rémy Cogghe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[110]</a> From the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1970s, a casual group of young artists from Roubaix and the surrounding region was formed and given the name Groupe de Roubaix.<a href="#cite_note-125">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[113]</a> Two painters commonly associated with the group are Arthur Van Hecke and Eugène Leroy.<a href="#cite_note-128">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Fashion">edit</a>]</div> Anxious to restore the prestige of northern France's textile industry and operating under the label of Maisons de Mode, the cities of Lille and Roubaix have created spaces for new <a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">fashion designers</a> to thrive since 2007. The Roubaisian location, next to La Piscine museum, is known as Le Vestiaire.<a href="#cite_note-131">[note 15]</a> There are fifteen <a href="/wiki/Boutique" title="Boutique">boutiques</a> and fashion <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">studios</a> housed in an old industrial building.<a href="#cite_note-132">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_performing_arts_centres">Theatre and performing arts centres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Theatre and performing arts centres">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available. (July 2015)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Centre chorégraphique national Roubaix - Hauts-de-France<a href="#cite_note-133">[note 16]</a></li> <li>Colisée</li> <li>Condition publique</li> <li>Théâtre de l'Oiseau-Mouche "Le Garage"</li> <li>Théâtre Louis Richard</li> <li>Théâtre Pierre de Roubaix</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cinema">edit</a>]</div> The city of Roubaix has a rich heritage in <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> production and been the filming location (mostly or partly) of the following productions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_a_Soldier" title="I Am a Soldier">I Am a Soldier</a> (French: Je suis un soldat), directed by Laurent Larivière in 2015<a href="#cite_note-134">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Golden_Days" title="My Golden Days">My Golden Days</a> (French: Trois souvenirs de ma jeunesse), directed by <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Desplechin" title="Arnaud Desplechin">Arnaud Desplechin</a> in 2015<a href="#cite_note-135">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-clb_ne-136">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discount_(film)" title="Discount (film)">Discount</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Julien_Petit" title="Louis-Julien Petit">Louis-Julien Petit</a> in 2014<a href="#cite_note-137">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_of_the_Ring" title="Queens of the Ring">Queens of the Ring</a> (French: Les Reines du ring), directed by Jean-Marc Rudnicki in 2013<a href="#cite_note-138">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Is_the_Warmest_Colour" title="Blue Is the Warmest Colour">Blue Is the Warmest Colour</a> (French: La Vie d'Adèle – Chapitres 1 & 2), directed by <a href="/wiki/Abdellatif_Kechiche" title="Abdellatif Kechiche">Abdellatif Kechiche</a> in 2013<a href="#cite_note-140">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Tale" title="A Christmas Tale">A Christmas Tale</a> (French: Un conte de Noël), directed by <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Desplechin" title="Arnaud Desplechin">Arnaud Desplechin</a> in 2008<a href="#cite_note-csa_aeh-142">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Banishment" title="The Banishment">The Banishment</a> (Russian: Изгнание, Izgnanie), directed by <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Zvyagintsev" title="Andrey Zvyagintsev">Andrey Zvyagintsev</a> in 2007<a href="#cite_note-143">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre_ses_mains" title="Entre ses mains">In His Hands</a> (French: Entre ses mains), directed by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Fontaine" title="Anne Fontaine">Anne Fontaine</a> in 2005<a href="#cite_note-csa_aeh-142">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Axe_(film)" title="The Axe (film)">The Axe</a> (French: Le couperet), directed by <a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> in 2005<a href="#cite_note-145">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[130]</a></li> <li>Save Me (French: Sauve-Moi), directed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Vincent_(director)" title="Christian Vincent (director)">Christian Vincent</a> in 2000<a href="#cite_note-147">[131]</a></li> <li>Flat Land Cities (French: Les Cités de la plaine), directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kramer" title="Robert Kramer">Robert Kramer</a> in 1999<a href="#cite_note-148">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamlife_of_Angels" title="The Dreamlife of Angels">The Dreamlife of Angels</a> (French: La Vie rêvée des anges), directed by <a href="/wiki/Erick_Zonca" title="Erick Zonca">Erick Zonca</a> in 1998<a href="#cite_note-150">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-mos-151">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigma_(1982_film)" title="Enigma (1982 film)">Enigma</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jeannot_Szwarc" title="Jeannot Szwarc">Jeannot Szwarc</a> in 1982<a href="#cite_note-clb_ne-136">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Long_Quiet_River" title="Life Is a Long Quiet River">Life Is a Long Quiet River</a> (French: La vie est un long fleuve tranquille), directed by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chatiliez" title="Étienne Chatiliez">Étienne Chatiliez</a> in 1988<a href="#cite_note-clb_ne-136">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-csa_aeh-142">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rosy" title="Hurricane Rosy">Hurricane Rosy</a> (Italian: Temporale Rosy, French: Rosy la bourrasque), directed by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> in 1979<a href="#cite_note-152">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Ma%C3%AEtre-nageur" title="Le Maître-nageur">Swimming Instructor</a> (French: Le Maître-nageur), directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant" title="Jean-Louis Trintignant">Jean-Louis Trintignant</a> in 1979<a href="#cite_note-153">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_My_Enemy" title="Body of My Enemy">Body of My Enemy</a> (French: Le Corps de mon ennemi), directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Verneuil" title="Henri Verneuil">Henri Verneuil</a> in 1976<a href="#cite_note-clb_ne-136">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-csa_aeh-142">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_in_Hell" title="A Sunday in Hell">A Sunday in Hell</a> (Danish: En Forårsdag i Helvede), Danish documentary directed by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Leth" title="Jørgen Leth">Jørgen Leth</a> in 1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confession_(1970_film)" title="The Confession (1970 film)">The Confession</a> (French: L'Aveu), directed by <a href="/wiki/Costa_Gavras" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Gavras">Costa Gavras</a> in 1970<a href="#cite_note-clb_ne-136">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-csa_aeh-142">[126]</a></li> <li>Struggle in Italy (Italian: Lotte in Italia), directed by the <a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov_Group" title="Dziga Vertov Group">Dziga Vertov Group</a> in 1970<a href="#cite_note-154">[138]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deprecated_sources" title="Wikipedia:Deprecated sources">deprecated source</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=EDHEC_Business_School_(%C3%89cole_des_Hautes_%C3%89tudes_Commerciales_du_Nord)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EDHEC Business School (École des Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord) (page does not exist)">EDHEC Business School</a> is one of the few Grandes École located outside the Paris Metropolitan Area. It is one of Europe's fastest rising business schools.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENSAIT" title="ENSAIT">ENSAIT</a> is a higher education and research institute, gathering all the disciplines related to textiles.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ESAAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ESAAT (page does not exist)">ESAAT</a> is a design education institute.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">Decentralisation</a> of the Universities of <a href="/wiki/Lille_2_University_of_Health_and_Law" title="Lille 2 University of Health and Law">Lille II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_University_%E2%80%93_Lille_III" title="Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III">Lille III</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[139]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Médiathèque "La Grand'Plage"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archives_nationales_du_monde_du_travail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archives nationales du monde du travail (page does not exist)">National Archives of the World of Work</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> Roubaix has an old sporting heritage<a href="#cite_note-156">[140]</a> and is home to the finish of one of the world's oldest races of professional <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road cycling</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix" title="Paris–Roubaix">Paris–Roubaix</a>, known as the Hell of the North. While Roubaix is famous for its velodrome, there is more to this city than the cycling sports facilities. The building of indoor and outdoor sports amenities in the city should be associated with its era of economic rise during the industrial revolution, in addition to the development of local sporting clubs and associations.<a href="#cite_note-157">[141]</a> In October 2021 Roubaix hosted the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> During the 19th century, Roubaix acquired an international reputation for textile industry and wool production. In the 1970s and 1980s, international competition and automation caused an industrial decline and resulted in the closure of many factories. From that moment on and since the implementation of the French urban policy in the early 1980s, around three-fourths of the town's territory has been regularly assigned specific zoning designations as well as health and welfare plans.<a href="#cite_note-suz-158">[142]</a> Roubaix's high level of unemployment is a consequence of the deindustrialisation. The town is listed among France's poorest cities.<a href="#cite_note-jnk-102">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[143]</a> Successive local governments have tried to address difficulties associated with deindustrialisation by attracting new industries, making the most of the town's cultural credentials<a href="#cite_note-jnk-102">[96]</a> and organising a strong student presence on different campuses. While undergoing conversion efforts, the city is experimenting with new models and able to take advantage of successful economic stories, with <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online retail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, and seems to be on the way to reverse the decades of decline.<a href="#cite_note-160">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textile_industry">Textile industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Textile industry">edit</a>]</div> Nowadays, local textile companies are focusing on developing high-tech textile products. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commerce_and_services">Commerce and services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Commerce and services">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order companies</a> of international renown such as <a href="/wiki/La_Redoute" title="La Redoute">La Redoute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Damart" title="Damart">Damart</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[147]</a> and <a href="/wiki/3_Suisses" title="3 Suisses">3 Suisses</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[149]</a> stemmed from textile industries which were founded in Roubaix. <a href="/wiki/Showroomprive.com" title="Showroomprive.com">Showroomprive.com</a> has been locally established since 2016 as an <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> company that specialises in online <a href="/wiki/Deal_of_the_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Deal of the day">flash sales</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_technology_and_e-business">Information technology and e-business</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Information technology and e-business">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OVH" class="mw-redirect" title="OVH">OVH</a> was created in Roubaix in 1999 and became a global IT infrastructure company, creating more than thousand jobs in the city and surroundings. Its head office is still in Roubaix.<a href="#cite_note-166">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankama_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankama Games">Ankama Games</a> has established its head office in Roubaix since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-ankama-167">[151]</a></li> <li>Blanchemaille, an e-commerce cluster helped by the <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">incubator</a> EuraTechnologies, has been established in the former building of <a href="/wiki/La_Redoute" title="La Redoute">La Redoute</a> in Roubaix since 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lille_Autouroutes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lille_Autouroutes.svg/220px-Lille_Autouroutes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lille_Autouroutes.svg/330px-Lille_Autouroutes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lille_Autouroutes.svg/440px-Lille_Autouroutes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Roubaix's position in the motorway roads network</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg/220px-Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg/330px-Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg/440px-Roubaix_et_Tourcoing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Roubaix and Tourcoing</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/A22_autoroute" title="A22 autoroute">A22 autoroute</a>, a French part of the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E17" title="European route E17">European route E17</a> from <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp (province)">Antwerp</a>, is the only motorway, within a motorway roads network of the highest density in France after Paris, which passes by Roubaix. The <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Roubaix" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Roubaix">Gare de Roubaix</a> railway station offers connections to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Lille, <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, Paris and Tourcoing. The city is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Lille_Metro" title="Lille Metro">Lille Metro</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_perspectives">Environmental perspectives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Environmental perspectives">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the 1970s and 1980s desindustrialisation dramatically influenced major urban landscapes across the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Lille" title="Arrondissement of Lille">arrondissement of Lille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[152]</a> Large areas of <a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">brownfield land</a> came to mark the city of Roubaix. With the support of the local and national government programs, these areas are acquired and gradually restored or rebuilt. Roubaix has one of the most efficient biomass district heating plant in France<a href="#cite_note-169">[153]</a> and is therefore among the most advanced cities for <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> in Hauts-de-France. Since 2014, the city has been engaged in several related initiatives aimed at moving to a <a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">zero waste</a> future.<a href="#cite_note-170">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists">Artists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Artists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gradur" title="Gradur">Wanani Gradi Mariadi</a> (1990–): rapper known as Gradur</li> <li>Kaddour Hadadi (1976–): singer and author known as HK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Dhondt" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Dhondt">Philippe Dhondt</a> (1965–): singer, songwriter and composer known as Boris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Desplechin" title="Arnaud Desplechin">Arnaud Desplechin</a> (1960–): film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Devernay" title="Édouard Devernay">Édouard Devernay</a> (1889–1952): organist, composer</li> <li>Wladyslaw Znorko (1958–2013): theatre author and director</li> <li>Philippe Barraqué (1954–): <a href="/wiki/Musicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicologist">musicologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">music therapist</a>, composer and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chatiliez" title="Étienne Chatiliez">Étienne Chatiliez</a> (1952–): film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Delmotte" title="Roger Delmotte">Roger Delmotte</a> (1925–): classical trumpeter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lefebvre_(organist)" title="Philippe Lefebvre (organist)">Philippe Lefebvre</a> (1949–): musician, principal organist of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Ladesou" title="Chantal Ladesou">Chantal Ladesou</a> (1948–): actress and comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Guillemot" title="Agnès Guillemot">Agnès Guillemot</a> (1931–2005): <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">film editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jansen" title="Pierre Jansen">Pierre Jansen</a> (1930–2015): film music composer</li> <li>Jenny Clève (1930–2023): actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Furneaux" title="Yvonne Furneaux">Elisabeth Yvonne Scatcherd</a> (1928–): film actress known as Yvonne Furneaux</li> <li>Charles Gadenne (1925–2012): sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Delerue" title="Georges Delerue">Georges Delerue</a> (1925–1992): composer who worked on over 350 scores for cinema and television</li> <li>Arthur Van Hecke (1924–2003): painter</li> <li>Gabrielle Vervaecke (1921–2005): composer and singer known as Gaby Verlor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Romance" title="Viviane Romance">Viviane Romance</a> (1912–1991): actress</li> <li>Albert de Jaeger (1908–1992): sculptor, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medallist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medallist">medallist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelter</a></li> <li>Charles Bodart-Timal (1897–1971): songwriter and <a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">chansonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Gressier" title="Jules Gressier">Jules Gressier</a> (1897–1960): conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bousquet" title="Francis Bousquet">Francis Bousquet</a> (1890–1942): Marseille-born composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Mathot" title="Léon Mathot">Léon Mathot</a> (1886–1968): film actor and director</li> <li>Silas Broux (1867–1957): painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Weerts" title="Jean-Joseph Weerts">Jean-Joseph Weerts</a> (1846–1927): painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9my_Cogghe" title="Rémy Cogghe">Rémy Cogghe</a> (1846–1927): Belgian-born painter who resided in Roubaix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Nadaud" title="Gustave Nadaud">Gustave Nadaud</a> (1820–1893): songwriter and chansonnier</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletes">Athletes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Athletes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wassim_Aouachria" title="Wassim Aouachria">Wassim Aouachria</a> (2000–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Touba" title="Ahmed Touba">Ahmed Touba</a> (1998–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Niakhat%C3%A9" title="Moussa Niakhaté">Moussa Niakhaté</a> (1996–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Mafoumbi" title="Christoffer Mafoumbi">Christoffer Mafoumbi</a> (1994–): <a href="/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)" title="Goalkeeper (association football)">goalkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoussen_Boudiaf" title="Saoussen Boudiaf">Saoussen Boudiaf</a> (1993–): sabre <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Knockaert" title="Anthony Knockaert">Anthony Knockaert</a> (1991–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliou_Dia" title="Aliou Dia">Aliou Dia</a> (1990–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roussel" title="Antoine Roussel">Antoine Roussel</a> (1989–): ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrick_Gunther" title="Pierrick Gunther">Pierrick Gunther</a> (1989–): <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idir_Ouali" title="Idir Ouali">Idir Ouali</a> (1988–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Mbandjock" title="Martial Mbandjock">Martial Mbandjock</a> (1985–): sprinter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%AFd_Khiter" title="Seïd Khiter">Seïd Khiter</a> (1985–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daouda_Sow_(boxer)" title="Daouda Sow (boxer)">Daouda Sow</a> (1983–): <a href="/wiki/Amateur_boxing" title="Amateur boxing">boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yero_Dia" title="Yero Dia">Yero Dia</a> (1982–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icham_Mouissi" title="Icham Mouissi">Icham Mouissi</a> (1982–): Algerian football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coulibaly" title="David Coulibaly">David Coulibaly</a> (1978–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Tournant" title="Arnaud Tournant">Arnaud Tournant</a> (1978–): <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cyclist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Landrin" title="Christophe Landrin">Christophe Landrin</a> (1977–): football <a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">midfielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Olivier_Paviot" title="Jacques-Olivier Paviot">Jacques-Olivier Paviot</a> (1976–): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Ouali" title="Fatiha Ouali">Fatiha Ouali</a> (1974–): <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">race walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Breistroff" title="Michel Breistroff">Michel Breistroff</a> (1971–1996): <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dr%C3%A9ossi" title="Pierre Dréossi">Pierre Dréossi</a> (1959–): former football player, coach and <a href="/wiki/Manager_(association_football)" title="Manager (association football)">football manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Bondue" title="Alain Bondue">Alain Bondue</a> (1959–): <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">racing cyclist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christian_Lang" title="Jean-Christian Lang">Jean-Christian Lang</a> (1950–): football manager and former player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Carette" title="Jacques Carette">Jacques Carette</a> (1947–): athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Libeer" title="René Libeer">René Libeer</a> (1934–2006): <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pollet" title="Jacques Pollet">Jacques Pollet</a> (1922–1997): <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzague_Olivier" title="Gonzague Olivier">Gonzague Olivier</a> (1921–2013): <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing driver</a></li> <li>Jacques Leenaert (1921–2004): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudent_Joye" title="Prudent Joye">Prudent Joye</a> (1913–1980): track and field athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Beaucourt" title="Georges Beaucourt">Georges Beaucourt</a> (1912–2002): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Dubly" title="Raymond Dubly">Raymond Dubly</a> (1893–1988): football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Alavoine" title="Jean Alavoine">Jean Alavoine</a> (1888–1943): cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Crupelandt" title="Charles Crupelandt">Charles Crupelandt</a> (1886–1955): Wattrelos-born professional <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road bicycle racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balbaert" title="Arthur Balbaert">Arthur Balbaert</a> (1879–1938): Belgian <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">sports shooter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politicians_and_professionals">Politicians and professionals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Politicians and professionals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karima_Delli" title="Karima Delli">Karima Delli</a> (1979–): politician, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Morlighem" title="Florence Morlighem">Florence Morlighem</a> (1970–): politician, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">Member of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Henno" title="Olivier Henno">Olivier Henno</a> (1962–): politician, mayor of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-lez-Lille" title="Saint-André-lez-Lille">Saint-André-lez-Lille</a> and general councillor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Robert_de_Cavel" title="Jean-Robert de Cavel">Jean-Robert de Cavel</a> (1961–2022): French-American <a href="/wiki/Chef_de_cuisine" title="Chef de cuisine">chef de cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Duquesne" title="Benoît Duquesne">Benoît Duquesne</a> (1957–2014): journalist, television reporter and newscaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pribetich" title="Pierre Pribetich">Pierre Pribetich</a> (1956–): politician, former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Christine_Blandin" title="Marie-Christine Blandin">Marie-Christine Blandin</a> (1952–): politician, member of the Senate of France, representing the Nord department</li> <li>Jean-Luc Brunin (1951–): clergyman, bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Le_Havre" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Havre">Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_T%C3%BCrk" title="Alex Türk">Alex Türk</a> (1950–): politician, member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of France">Senate of France</a>, representing the Nord department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Arnault" title="Bernard Arnault">Bernard Arnault</a> (1949–): business magnate, investor and art collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Masure" title="Bruno Masure">Bruno Masure</a> (1947–): journalist, news anchor and television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Mimerel" title="Auguste Mimerel">Auguste Mimerel</a> (1786–1871), industrialist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mulliez" title="Gérard Mulliez">Gérard Mulliez</a> (1931–): businessman, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a> chain of department stores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Diligent" title="Robert Diligent">Robert Diligent</a> (1924–2014): journalist, founding members of Télé Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pollet" title="Francis Pollet">Francis Pollet</a> (1964–): general officer</li> <li>André Diligent (1919–2002): lawyer and politician, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resistance activist, deputy to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>, senator-mayor of Roubaix</li> <li>Marcel Verfaillie (1911–1945): communist militant, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resistance activist against <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>, died in concentration camp</li> <li>Pierre Herman (1910–1990): politician, deputy to the National Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pierre Pflimlin</a> (1907–2000): lawyer and politician, last <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">Prime Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></li> <li>Raymond Schmittlein (1904–1974): toponymist and politician, deputy to the National Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas" title="Jean-Baptiste Lebas">Jean-Baptiste Lebas</a> (1898–1944): politician, mayor of Roubaix, deputy to the National Assembly, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">II</a> resistance activist, died in deportation custody</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Cordonnier" title="Antoine Cordonnier">Antoine Cordonnier</a> (1892–1918): military aviator, <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a> during World War I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont" title="Jules Dumont">Jules Dumont</a> (1888–1943): communist militant, commanded the Commune de Paris Battalion, a unit part of the <a href="/wiki/XI_International_Brigade" title="XI International Brigade">XI International Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Prouvost" title="Jean Prouvost">Jean Prouvost</a> (1885–1978): businessman, media owner and politician</li> <li>Charles Vanden Bosch (1883–1945): Belgian Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Franciscan</a> priest, founder of the Belgian National work for the <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">Blind</a>, died in concentration camp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Loucheur" title="Louis Loucheur">Louis Loucheur</a> (1872–1931): writer and politician, deputy to the National Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bonnel" title="Ferdinand Bonnel">Ferdinand Bonnel</a> (1865–1945): <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> in Sri Lanka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Vienne" title="Théodore Vienne">Théodore Vienne</a> (1864–1921): textile <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturer</a> and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix" title="Paris–Roubaix">Paris–Roubaix</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">cycle race</a></li> <li>Eugène Motte (1860–1932): politician and businessman, mayor of Roubaix, deputy to the National Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Wibaux" title="Pierre Wibaux">Pierre Wibaux</a> (1858–1913): <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">cattle-rancher</a>, banker and <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">gold-mine owner</a>, emigrated from France to the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Guesde" title="Jules Guesde">Jules Guesde</a> (1845–1922): Paris-born socialist journalist and politician, deputy of the constituency of Roubaix to the National Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Desbouvrie" title="Jean Desbouvrie">Jean Desbouvrie</a> (c. 1840–1847-?): inventor and bird tamer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Vachonfrance" title="Gérard Vachonfrance">Gérard Vachonfrance</a> (1933–2008): physician and society co-founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_L%C3%A9onie_Vanhoutte" title="Marie Léonie Vanhoutte">Marie Léonie Vanhoutte</a> (1888–1967): French <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance fighter</a> and secret-agent during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientists">Scientists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Scientists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Dehaene" title="Stanislas Dehaene">Stanislas Dehaene</a> (1965–): cognitive <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a>, professor at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Amadei" title="Bernard Amadei">Bernard Amadei</a> (1954–): professor of civil engineering at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">University of Colorado</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Engineers_Without_Borders_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers Without Borders (USA)">Engineers Without Borders (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Mulliez" title="Dominique Mulliez">Dominique Mulliez</a> (1952–): <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigrapher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Hellenist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Dupire" title="Marguerite Dupire">Marguerite Dupire</a> (1920–2015): <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jonckh%C3%A8ere" title="Robert Jonckhèere">Robert Jonckhèere</a> (1888–1974): <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Willot" title="Joseph Willot">Joseph Willot</a> (1875–1919): <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">pharmacist</a> and World War I resistance activist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writers">Writers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Writers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Desplechin" title="Marie Desplechin">Marie Desplechin</a> (1959–): writer and journalist</li> <li>Pierre Pierrard (1920–2005): historian</li> <li>Michel Décaudin (1919–2004): <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a>, literature professor and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobb" title="Richard Cobb">Richard Cobb</a> (1917–1996): British social historian. Lived in Roubaix in the 1940s.</li> <li>Octave Vandekerkhove (1911–1987): writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxence_Van_Der_Meersch" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxence Van Der Meersch">Maxence Van Der Meersch</a> (1907–1951): writer</li> <li>Maurice Nédoncelle (1905–1976): <a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">personalist</a> philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanette_Del%C3%A9tang-Tardif" title="Yanette Delétang-Tardif">Yanette Delétang-Tardif</a> (1902–1976): poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Prouvost" title="Amédée Prouvost">Amédée Prouvost</a> (1877–1909): poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Feller" title="Jules Feller">Jules Feller</a> (1859–1940): Romance linguist and <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philologist</a>, Belgian <a href="/wiki/Academician" title="Academician">academician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Walloon</a> militant</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix" title="Paris–Roubaix">Paris–Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Piscine_Museum" title="La Piscine Museum">André Diligent Museum of Art and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Roubaix" title="Canal de Roubaix">Canal of Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roubaix,_South_Dakota" title="Roubaix, South Dakota">Roubaix, South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bizette-Lindet" title="André Bizette-Lindet">André Bizette-Lindet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> The Jewish population of Roubaix dropped from 160 members<a href="#cite_note-jrb-70">[70]</a> in the beginning of its settlement to 68 in 1942.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">French State</a>'s dictatorship from 1940 to 1944, mayors of communes over 2,000 inhabitants were not elected democratically. The mayor was nominated by the government of Marshal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Petain" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Petain">Philippe Pétain</a> in communes of over 10,000 inhabitants and the prefet in communes less than 10,000 inhabitants and more than 2,000. The mayor in communes less than 2,000 inhabitants was elected by the city council. Mayors of communes of the <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite" title="Zone interdite">Zone interdite</a> were nominated by prefects in agreement with the German authorities. Therefore, mayors are not affiliated to a political party for this period of time.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Jean-Baptiste Lebas's mandate was interrupted when he was arrested on March 7, 1915 by German authorities to be imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Rastatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress of Rastatt">fortress of Rastatt</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Henri Thérin, the first deputy mayor, stood in for <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas" title="Jean-Baptiste Lebas">Jean-Baptiste Lebas</a> during his imprisonment time. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Fleuris Vanherpe, the eldest deputy mayor of the city council, supplanted Jean-Baptiste Lebas after his forfeiture in June 1940, and was entrusted functions of mayor on December 18, 1940.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> His death, on August 17, 1941, put an early end to his mandate. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Victor Provo accepted the mandate in 1942.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> He was maintained by resistance committees in 1944 then elected in April 1945.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> A local association (as per the 1901 law about association) called "Comité de quartier de l'Hommelet" </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> "Roubaix has its martyrs of the Resistance" and "They broke the chains of oppression" </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> "Roubaix to his children died in defense of the country and for peace" </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> "Friend of the gardens, music and books" </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> "The Swimming Pool" </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> "The Manufactory" </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> "André Diligent Museum of Art and Industry" </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> The collections held at the museum include sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Camille Claudel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cloakroom" title="Cloakroom">Cloakroom</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> National choreographic centre Roubaix - Hauts-de-France </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-59512">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-59512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tpo-3"><a href="#cite_ref-tpo_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooley1996" class="citation book cs1">Pooley, Timothy (30 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijK0jorL2uEC">Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France</a>. Applications in French Linguistics Series. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. pp. 15–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-853-59345-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-853-59345-1"><bdi>978-1-853-59345-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 1 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chtimi%3A+The+Urban+Vernaculars+of+Northern+France&rft.place=Clevedon%2C+UK&rft.series=Applications+in+French+Linguistics+Series&rft.pages=15-44&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters+Ltd.&rft.date=1996-12-30&rft.isbn=978-1-853-59345-1&rft.aulast=Pooley&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijK0jorL2uEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/59512-roubaix">INSEE commune file</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecigne1911" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecigne, Constantin (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8vtAAAAMAAJ">Amédée Prouvost</a> (in French). Paris, F: Bernard Grasset. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/679906866">679906866</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2016. <q>Roubaix donne l'impression d'une enclave américaine dans la France du Nord. C'est en même temps la ville de l'énergie frénétique et des fuites à travers le monde.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e+Prouvost&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Bernard+Grasset&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679906866&rft.aulast=Lecigne&rft.aufirst=Constantin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm8vtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrikwerda1984" class="citation journal cs1">Strikwerda, Carl (1984). Sweets, John F. (ed.). "Regionalism and Internationalism: The Working-Class Movement in the Nord and the Belgian Connection, 1871–1914". Proceedings of the ... Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History. 1983/1984. Lawrence (Kansas), USA: The University of Kansas: 222. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015012965524">2027/mdp.39015012965524</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-0329">0099-0329</a>. <q>Contemporaries never tired of calling Roubaix an "American city," because of its raw, fast-growing character, or of referring to Roubaix and its sister cities of Lille and Tourcoing as the "French Manchester."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+...+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Western+Society+for+French+History&rft.atitle=Regionalism+and+Internationalism%3A+The+Working-Class+Movement+in+the+Nord+and+the+Belgian+Connection%2C+1871%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=222&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015012965524&rft.issn=0099-0329&rft.aulast=Strikwerda&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2009" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Peter (29 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FBSGziQyjGsC">European Cities and Towns: 400–2000</a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-199-56273-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-199-56273-2"><bdi>978-0-199-56273-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 1 October 2015. <q>Roubaix was another new town, originally a craft village, whose many textile mills attracted a population of 100,000 and generated massive social and environmental problems.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Cities+and+Towns%3A+400%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft.isbn=978-0-199-56273-2&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFBSGziQyjGsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2019-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_8-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011070/ensemble.pdf">Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecluyse2016" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecluyse, Frédérick (16 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/90691/article/2016-12-15/mel-prend-les-memes-ou-presque-et-recommence">"MEL: on prend les mêmes ou presque et on recommence"</a> [MEL: let's take the same ones, or almost, and start over]. <a href="/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord_(daily)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Voix du Nord (daily)">La Voix du Nord</a> (in French). 73 (349, ROUBAIX & SES ALENTOURS). Roubaix, F: 4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1277-1422">1277-1422</a>. <q>Bois-Grenier, Le Maisnil, Fromelles, Aubers et Radinghem-en-Weppes. Soit 6000 habitants supplémentaires pour une MEL qui compte désormais 90 communes…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft.atitle=MEL%3A+on+prend+les+m%C3%AAmes+ou+presque+et+on+recommence&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=349%2C+%27%27ROUBAIX+%26+SES+ALENTOURS%27%27&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.issn=1277-1422&rft.aulast=Lecluyse&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2F90691%2Farticle%2F2016-12-15%2Fmel-prend-les-memes-ou-presque-et-recommence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzelin2015" class="citation web cs1">Ezelin, Perrine (2 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbact.eu/sites/default/files/media/csi_europe_mel_lap_executive_summary.pdf">"European Metropole of Lille Local Action Plan"</a> (PDF). Edinburgh, UK: CSI Europe URBACT. p. 3. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Metropole+of+Lille+Local+Action+Plan&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+UK&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=CSI+Europe+URBACT&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft.aulast=Ezelin&rft.aufirst=Perrine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbact.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fcsi_europe_mel_lap_executive_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFURBACT2015" class="citation web cs1">URBACT (29 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722193853/http://urbact.eu/lille-0">"Lille"</a>. Edinburgh, UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbact.eu/lille-0">the original</a> on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lille&rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+UK&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.au=URBACT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbact.eu%2Flille-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeveu2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Neveu, Clarisse (15 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lillemetropole.fr/sites/lmcu/mel/espace-presse/communiques-de-presse/les-vp-et-conseillers-metropolit.html">"Métropole Européenne de Lille: les vice-présidents et conseillers métropolitains délégués élus"</a> [European Metropolis of Lille: elected vice-presidents and metropolitan delegate-councilors]. MEL. Communiqué de presse (in French). Lille, F: Métropole Européenne de Lille. Retrieved 18 December 2016. <q>La fusion, effective au 1er janvier 2017, acte un élargissement historique du territoire de la Métropole Européenne de Lille, passant de 85 à 90 communes pour près d'1.2 million d'habitants.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEL&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9tropole+Europ%C3%A9enne+de+Lille%3A+les+vice-pr%C3%A9sidents+et+conseillers+m%C3%A9tropolitains+d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gu%C3%A9s+%C3%A9lus&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.aulast=Neveu&rft.aufirst=Clarisse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lillemetropole.fr%2Fsites%2Flmcu%2Fmel%2Fespace-presse%2Fcommuniques-de-presse%2Fles-vp-et-conseillers-metropolit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurand2015" class="citation web cs1">Durand, Frédéric (12 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euborderscapes.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Working_Papers/EUBORDERSCAPES_Working_Paper_11_Durand_F.pdf">"Theoretical framework of the cross border space production the case of the Eurometropolis Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai"</a> (PDF). Luxembourg, L: EUBORDERSCAPES. p. 18. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theoretical+framework+of+the+cross+border+space+production+the+case+of+the+Eurometropolis+Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai&rft.place=Luxembourg%2C+L&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=EUBORDERSCAPES&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft.aulast=Durand&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euborderscapes.eu%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FWorking_Papers%2FEUBORDERSCAPES_Working_Paper_11_Durand_F.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1918" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Frederick, ed. (February 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualofbelgiuma00grearich/page/n3/mode/2up">A Manual of Belgium and the Adjoining Territories</a>. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10569037">10569037</a>. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Belgium+and+the+Adjoining+Territories&rft.place=London&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=HM+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1918-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10569037&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanualofbelgiuma00grearich%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-efr-15"><a href="#cite_ref-efr_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJäger2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jäger, Martin (12 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entfernungsrechner.net/">"Entfernungen (Luftlinie & Strecke) einfach online berechnen, weltweit"</a> [Calculate distance between two cities in the world (free, with map)] (in German). Ascio Technologies, Inc. Danmark – Filial af Ascio technologies, Inc. USA. Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entfernungen+%28Luftlinie+%26+Strecke%29+einfach+online+berechnen%2C+weltweit&rft.pub=Ascio+Technologies%2C+Inc.+Danmark+%E2%80%93+Filial+af+Ascio+technologies%2C+Inc.+USA&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.aulast=J%C3%A4ger&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entfernungsrechner.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jdjp-16"><a href="#cite_ref-jdjp_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDercourtPaquet2012" class="citation book cs1">Dercourt, Jean; Paquet, Jacques (6 December 2012) [First published 1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QWDuCAAAQBAJ">Geology: Principles and Methods</a>. Oxford, UK: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-400-94956-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-400-94956-0"><bdi>978-9-400-94956-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology%3A+Principles+and+Methods&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-9-400-94956-0&rft.aulast=Dercourt&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Paquet%2C+Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQWDuCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrarcr-17"><a href="#cite_ref-hrarcr_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackAzzamCharlier2004" class="citation book cs1">Hack, Robert; Azzam, Rafig; Charlier, Robert (14 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WiyX-d9PVt4C">Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe: A European Perspective</a>. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Vol. 104. Berlin, D: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 605–606. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fb93922">10.1007/b93922</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-21075-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-21075-7"><bdi>978-3-540-21075-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Geology+for+Infrastructure+Planning+in+Europe%3A+A+European+Perspective&rft.place=Berlin%2C+D&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Earth+Sciences&rft.pages=605-606&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2004-06-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fb93922&rft.isbn=978-3-540-21075-7&rft.aulast=Hack&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Azzam%2C+Rafig&rft.au=Charlier%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWiyX-d9PVt4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cassini-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cassini_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cassini_18-1">b</a> Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=29736">Commune data sheet Roubaix</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> (in French). </li> <li id="cite_note-srjsme-19"><a href="#cite_ref-srjsme_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XBxHAQAAMAAJ">The Sanitary Record and Journal of Sanitary and Municipal Engineering</a>. Vol. 47. London, UK: Sanitary Publishing Company. 1911. p. 3. Retrieved 8 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanitary+Record+and+Journal+of+Sanitary+and+Municipal+Engineering&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Sanitary+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXBxHAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-usfc-20"><a href="#cite_ref-usfc_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commercialrelat21unkngoog/page/n6/mode/2up">Commercial relations of the United States with foreign countries</a>. Vol. 3695. Washington DC: Govt. Printing Office. 1898. p. 63. Retrieved 9 July 2015. <q>…and with the Deule by the Canal d'Espierre and that of Roubaix</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commercial+relations+of+the+United+States+with+foreign+countries&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Govt.+Printing+Office&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommercialrelat21unkngoog%2Fpage%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNothomb1838" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nothomb, M. (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xQOAAAAQAAJ">Canal de Bossuyt à Courtray & projets, annexes, enquêtes, etc …</a> [Bossuit-Kortrijk Canal & projects, appendix, surveys, etc…] (in French). Brussels, B: H. Rémy, imprimeur du roi. p. 17. Retrieved 21 September 2015. <q>Le but primitif du canal était de fournir à la ville de Roubaix les eaux dont elle manquait, et de la mettre en communication avec le système de canaux du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canal+de+Bossuyt+%C3%A0+Courtray+%26+projets%2C+annexes%2C+enqu%C3%AAtes%2C+etc+%E2%80%A6&rft.place=Brussels%2C+B&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=H.+R%C3%A9my%2C+imprimeur+du+roi&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Nothomb&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xQOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLille_Metropolitan_Council2008" class="citation web cs1">Lille Metropolitan Council (2008). Ruant, Olivia; Edwards-May, David (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluelinks2008.org/gb/Heritage/heritage.html">"A strategic route, an economic necessity"</a>. EU programme Blue Links: restoration and reopening of the Deûle-Escaut canal between France and Belgium: Roubaix Canal, Espierre Canal and Marque canalised river. Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine. 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Retrieved 21 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cartographica+Neerlandica&rft.atitle=Cartographica+Neerlandica+Topographical+names+for+Ortelius+Map+No.+76&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orteliusmaps.com%2Ftopnames%2Fort76.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ltct-36"><a href="#cite_ref-ltct_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillyTilly1981" class="citation book cs1">Tilly, Louise; Tilly, Charles (1 June 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_AYEAQAAIAAJ">Class Conflict and Collective Action</a>. New Approaches to Social Science History. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks (California), USA: Sage Publications. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-803-91587-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-803-91587-9"><bdi>978-0-803-91587-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 July 2015. <q>In some areas of France, Flemish was spoken by the natives; but since Roubaix lies just outside French Flanders, native Roubaisians spoke only French, hence the language disparity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Class+Conflict+and+Collective+Action&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks+%28California%29%2C+USA&rft.series=New+Approaches+to+Social+Science+History&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=1981-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-803-91587-9&rft.aulast=Tilly&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft.au=Tilly%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_AYEAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuermans1865" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schuermans, Lodewijk Willem (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zu5CAAAAcAAJ">Algemeen Vlaamsch idioticon, Met Tijd en Vlijt</a> [General Flemish idioticon, with time and assiduity] (in Dutch). Leuven, B: Gebroeders Vanlinthout. p. 268. Retrieved 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Algemeen+Vlaamsch+idioticon%2C+Met+Tijd+en+Vlijt&rft.place=Leuven%2C+B&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Gebroeders+Vanlinthout&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Schuermans&rft.aufirst=Lodewijk+Willem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzu5CAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortuné1899" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fortuné, Raymond (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kh8DpyiCUJ8C">Histoire du Hainaut français et du Cambresis</a> [History of the French Hainaut and Cambresis] (in French). Paris, F: Editions Paul Lechevalier. p. 61. Retrieved 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Hainaut+fran%C3%A7ais+et+du+Cambresis&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Editions+Paul+Lechevalier&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Fortun%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkh8DpyiCUJ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolff1914" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gualtherus_Johannes_Cornelis_Kolff" title="Gualtherus Johannes Cornelis Kolff">Kolff, Gualtherus Johannes</a> (28 October 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011036840:mpeg21:a0039">"De Belgische Plaatsnamen"</a> [Belgian place names]. Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). G.J. Kolff & Co.: 6. Retrieved 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bataviaasch+Nieuwsblad&rft.atitle=De+Belgische+Plaatsnamen&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1914-10-28&rft.aulast=Kolff&rft.aufirst=Gualtherus+Johannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Dddd%3A011036840%3Ampeg21%3Aa0039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuermansDavidDu_Bois1883" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schuermans, Lodewijk Willem; David, Jan Baptist; Du Bois, Pierre (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7CwwAAAAYAAJ">Bejvoegsel: aan het Algemeen Vlaamsch idioticon uitgegeven in 1865-1870</a> [General Flemish idioticon issued in 1865-1870] (in Dutch). Leuven, B: K. Fonteyn. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23400838">23400838</a>. Retrieved 24 February 2017. <q>ROBAAIS, zoo las ik ergens vertaald den naam der fransche stad Roubaix, 't welk beter Roobeek of Robeke zou zijn</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bejvoegsel%3A+aan+het+Algemeen+Vlaamsch+idioticon+uitgegeven+in+1865-1870&rft.place=Leuven%2C+B&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=K.+Fonteyn&rft.date=1883&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23400838&rft.aulast=Schuermans&rft.aufirst=Lodewijk+Willem&rft.au=David%2C+Jan+Baptist&rft.au=Du+Bois%2C+Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7CwwAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taaladvies.net/taal/aardrijkskundige_namen/zoek.php?q=roubaix">"Buitenlandse Aardrijkskundige Namen"</a> [Foreign Geographical Names] (in Dutch). taaladvies.net. Retrieved 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buitenlandse+Aardrijkskundige+Namen&rft.pub=taaladvies.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaaladvies.net%2Ftaal%2Faardrijkskundige_namen%2Fzoek.php%3Fq%3Droubaix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuridan1862" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leuridan, Théodore (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AylUAAAAcAAJ">Histoire des seigneurs et de la seigneurie de Roubaix</a> [History of the lords and lordships of Roubaix]. Histoire de Roubaix (in French). Vol. 3. Roubaix, F: Imprimerie J. Reboux. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/466447211">466447211</a>. Retrieved 21 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+seigneurs+et+de+la+seigneurie+de+Roubaix&rft.place=Roubaix%2C+F&rft.series=Histoire+de+Roubaix&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Imprimerie+J.+Reboux&rft.date=1862&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F466447211&rft.aulast=Leuridan&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAylUAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland1994" class="citation book cs1">Ireland, Patrick Richard (1 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UsRnAAAAMAAJ">The Policy Challenge of Ethnic Diversity: Immigrant Politics in France and Switzerland</a>. Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-68375-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-68375-4"><bdi>978-0-674-68375-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 July 2015. <q>Even very large immigrant communities managed to integrate into the ranks of the Roubaignos (native Roubaisians) through their membership in the working class.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Policy+Challenge+of+Ethnic+Diversity%3A+Immigrant+Politics+in+France+and+Switzerland&rft.place=Cambridge+%28Massachusetts%29%2C+USA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-674-68375-4&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUsRnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fraflapi-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fraflapi_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fraflapi_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandrecies2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Landrecies, Jacques (March 2001). Boutet, Josiane (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-langage-et-societe-2001-3-page-27.htm">"Une configuration inédite: la triangulaire français-flamand-picard à Roubaix au début du XXe siècle"</a> [An original configuration: the French-Flemish-Picard linguistic triangle in Roubaix at the start of the 20th century]. Langage et Société (in French). 97 (3). French-language web portal and library <a href="/wiki/Cairn.info" title="Cairn.info">Cairn.info</a>. Paris, F: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme: 27–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fls.097.0027">10.3917/ls.097.0027</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-735-10894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-735-10894-7"><bdi>978-2-735-10894-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0181-4095">0181-4095</a>. Retrieved 29 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langage+et+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Une+configuration+in%C3%A9dite%3A+la+triangulaire+fran%C3%A7ais-flamand-picard+%C3%A0+Roubaix+au+d%C3%A9but+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=27-69&rft.date=2001-03&rft.issn=0181-4095&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fls.097.0027&rft.isbn=978-2-735-10894-7&rft.aulast=Landrecies&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-langage-et-societe-2001-3-page-27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1937" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bowen, Reginald (1937). La formation du féminin de l'adjectif et du participe passé dans les dialectes normands, picards et wallons d'après l'Atlas linguistique de la France [The Feminine formation of adjectives and past participles in Norman, Picard and Wallon dialects according to the Linguistic Atlas of France] (in French). Paris, F: Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252979177">252979177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+formation+du+f%C3%A9minin+de+l%27adjectif+et+du+participe+pass%C3%A9+dans+les+dialectes+normands%2C+picards+et+wallons+d%27apr%C3%A8s+l%27Atlas+linguistique+de+la+France&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F252979177&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marissal-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marissal_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marissal_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marissal_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarissal1844" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marissal, Louis-Edmond (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf8GYAAACAAJ">Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de Roubaix de 1400 à nos jours</a> (in French). Roubaix, F: Impr. de Beghin. pp. 108–109. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/253762961">253762961</a>. Retrieved 10 January 2012. <q>1716: 4 715; 1789: 8 559; 1801: 8 151; 1805: 8 703; 1817:8 724; 1830: 13 132; 1842: 24,892</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+pour+servir+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+de+Roubaix+de+1400+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.place=Roubaix%2C+F&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=Impr.+de+Beghin&rft.date=1844&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F253762961&rft.aulast=Marissal&rft.aufirst=Louis-Edmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWf8GYAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Félix1764" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nicolas_Victor_de_F%C3%A9lix_d%27Olli%C3%A8res" title="Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières">de Félix, Louis-Nicolas-Victor</a> (1764). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52511017j/f377">Mémoires sur les frontières et places de la Flandre, du Haynault, du pays entre Sambre et Meuze, du Calaisis, de l'Artois, du cours de la Somme et des Trois-Évèchez jusques à l'Alsace</a> (manuscript). Français 11409. p. 969.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+sur+les+fronti%C3%A8res+et+places+de+la+Flandre%2C+du+Haynault%2C+du+pays+entre+Sambre+et+Meuze%2C+du+Calaisis%2C+de+l%27Artois%2C+du+cours+de+la+Somme+et+des+Trois-%C3%89v%C3%A8chez+jusques+%C3%A0+l%27Alsace&rft.pages=969&rft.date=1764&rft.aulast=de+F%C3%A9lix&rft.aufirst=Louis-Nicolas-Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbtv1b52511017j%2Ff377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-59512#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeclercqVanden_Borre2013" class="citation book cs1">Declercq, Elien; Vanden Borre, Saartje (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221134226/http://fh.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/1/91.full">Cultural integration of Belgian migrants in northern France (1870–1914): a Study of Popular songs</a>. French History. Vol. 27. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ffh%2Fcrs123">10.1093/fh/crs123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-4542">1477-4542</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fh.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/1/91.full">the original</a> on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+integration+of+Belgian+migrants+in+northern+France+%281870%E2%80%931914%29%3A+a+Study+of+Popular+songs&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=French+History&rft.pages=91-108&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ffh%2Fcrs123&rft.issn=1477-4542&rft.aulast=Declercq&rft.aufirst=Elien&rft.au=Vanden+Borre%2C+Saartje&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffh.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F27%2F1%2F91.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerin-GonzalesCarl1998" class="citation book cs1">Guerin-Gonzales, Camille; Carl, Strikwerda (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofimmigr00cami/page/115">The Politics of Immigrant Workers: Labor Activism and Migration in the World Economy Since 1830</a> (2 revised ed.). New York (New York), USA: Holmes & Meier. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofimmigr00cami/page/115">115–133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-841-91298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-841-91298-4"><bdi>978-0-841-91298-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 July 2015. <q>All Merrheim's years living in a French city that was over a third Belgian never made him question the ability of workers of different nationalities to unite.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Immigrant+Workers%3A+Labor+Activism+and+Migration+in+the+World+Economy+Since+1830&rft.place=New+York+%28New+York%29%2C+USA&rft.pages=115-133&rft.edition=2+revised&rft.pub=Holmes+%26+Meier&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-841-91298-4&rft.aulast=Guerin-Gonzales&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft.au=Carl%2C+Strikwerda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofimmigr00cami%2Fpage%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xdppc-51"><a href="#cite_ref-xdppc_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_PlanholClava1994" class="citation book cs1">de Planhol, Xavier; Clava, Paul (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C19glZh7zfoC">An Historical Geography of France</a>. Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography. Vol. 21. Cambridge (New York), USA: Cambridge University Press. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32208-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32208-9"><bdi>978-0-521-32208-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1747-3128">1747-3128</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27266536">27266536</a>. Retrieved 13 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Geography+of+France&rft.place=Cambridge+%28New+York%29%2C+USA&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+Historical+Geography&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27266536&rft.issn=1747-3128&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32208-9&rft.aulast=de+Planhol&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft.au=Clava%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC19glZh7zfoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistère_des_affaires_étrangères_du_royaume_de_Belgique1873" class="citation book cs1">Ministère des affaires étrangères du royaume de Belgique (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C19glZh7zfoC">Recueil consulaire, contenant les rapports commerciaux des agents belges à l'étranger</a>. Vol. 19. Brussels, B: P. Weissenbruch, Imprimeur du Roi. p. 971. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32208-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32208-9"><bdi>978-0-521-32208-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 July 2015. <q>D'après un recensement récent, la population de Roubaix s'élève aujourd'hui à 75,987 habitants, dont 42,103 belges. En 1866 le recensement accusait une population totale de 64,706 habitants, dont 30,465 belges.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recueil+consulaire%2C+contenant+les+rapports+commerciaux+des+agents+belges+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9tranger&rft.place=Brussels%2C+B&rft.pages=971&rft.pub=P.+Weissenbruch%2C+Imprimeur+du+Roi&rft.date=1873&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32208-9&rft.au=Minist%C3%A8re+des+affaires+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res+du+royaume+de+Belgique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC19glZh7zfoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpm-53"><a href="#cite_ref-lpm_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoch2003" class="citation book cs1">Moch, Leslie Page (2003) [First published 1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=96zOZiiOKXgC">Moving Europeans: Migration in Western Europe Since 1650</a>. Interdisciplinary studies in history (Second ed.). Bloomington (Indiana), USA: Indiana University Press. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21595-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21595-6"><bdi>978-0-253-21595-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50774361">50774361</a>. Retrieved 13 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moving+Europeans%3A+Migration+in+Western+Europe+Since+1650&rft.place=Bloomington+%28Indiana%29%2C+USA&rft.series=Interdisciplinary+studies+in+history&rft.pages=135&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50774361&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21595-6&rft.aulast=Moch&rft.aufirst=Leslie+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D96zOZiiOKXgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2015" class="citation book cs1">Stone, David (1 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1e7sCAAAQBAJ">The Kaiser's Army: The German Army in World War One</a>. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-86235-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-86235-1"><bdi>978-1-844-86235-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaiser%27s+Army%3A+The+German+Army+in+World+War+One&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-844-86235-1&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1e7sCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2007" class="citation book cs1">Kramer, Alan (12 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WecdxSfLfN0C">Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War</a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-192-80342-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-192-80342-9"><bdi>978-0-192-80342-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 July 2015. <q>The death rate is high; in ordinary times two gravediggers were enough in Roubaix, and now there are six of them</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamic+of+Destruction%3A+Culture+and+Mass+Killing+in+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-07-12&rft.isbn=978-0-192-80342-9&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWecdxSfLfN0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilly1983" class="citation book cs1">Tilly, Charles (July 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/51068/300.pdf">Collective-action repertoires in five French provinces, 1789–1914</a> (PDF). CRSO Working Paper. Vol. 300. Ann Arbor (Michigan), USA: University of Michigan. p. 17. Retrieved 25 July 2015. <q>In fact, the population of Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing, a combat zone in World War I, fell slightly between 1901 and 1921.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collective-action+repertoires+in+five+French+provinces%2C+1789%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Ann+Arbor+%28Michigan%29%2C+USA&rft.series=CRSO+Working+Paper&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1983-07&rft.aulast=Tilly&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2027.42%2F51068%2F300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/france/nord/lille/59512__roubaix/">"Roubaix (Lille, Nord, France) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Roubaix+%28Lille%2C+Nord%2C+France%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Ffrance%2Fnord%2Flille%2F59512__roubaix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-colleenlnugent.com-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-colleenlnugent.com_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-colleenlnugent.com_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colleenlnugent.com/frenchmuslims/roubaix/about-roubaix/">"About Roubaix | Visualizing French Muslims"</a>. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Roubaix+%7C+Visualizing+French+Muslims&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colleenlnugent.com%2Ffrenchmuslims%2Froubaix%2Fabout-roubaix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://francestrategie.shinyapps.io/app_seg/">"La ségrégation résidentielle en France"</a>. francestrategie.shinyapps.io. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=francestrategie.shinyapps.io&rft.atitle=La+s%C3%A9gr%C3%A9gation+r%C3%A9sidentielle+en+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrancestrategie.shinyapps.io%2Fapp_seg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandreciesPetit2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Landrecies, Jacques; Petit, Aimé (1 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e93nAAAAMAAJ">"Picard d'hier et d'aujourd'hui"</a> [Yesterday's and today's Picard]. Bien dire et bien aprandre – Bulletin du Centre d'études médiévales et dialectales de l'Université de Lille III (in French) (21). Villeneuve d'Ascq, F: Centre de Gestion de l'Édition Scientifique (CEGES): 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-907-30105-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-907-30105-3"><bdi>978-2-907-30105-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 September 2015. <q>…aborder le difficile problème de l'"accent", cette dernière marque qui subsiste quand le patois a disparu et qui, plus que tout, permet de distinguer l'Abbevillois de l'Artésien ou du "Roubaignot".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bien+dire+et+bien+aprandre+%E2%80%93+Bulletin+du+Centre+d%27%C3%A9tudes+m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales+et+dialectales+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+Lille+III&rft.atitle=Picard+d%27hier+et+d%27aujourd%27hui&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.isbn=978-2-907-30105-3&rft.aulast=Landrecies&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.au=Petit%2C+Aim%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De93nAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tpo2-61"><a href="#cite_ref-tpo2_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooley1996" class="citation book cs1">Pooley, Timothy (30 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijK0jorL2uEC">Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France</a>. Applications in French Linguistics Series. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. pp. 104–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-853-59345-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-853-59345-1"><bdi>978-1-853-59345-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chtimi%3A+The+Urban+Vernaculars+of+Northern+France&rft.place=Clevedon%2C+UK&rft.series=Applications+in+French+Linguistics+Series&rft.pages=104-140&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters+Ltd.&rft.date=1996-12-30&rft.isbn=978-1-853-59345-1&rft.aulast=Pooley&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijK0jorL2uEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooley2002" class="citation book cs1">Pooley, Timothy (9 October 2002). "The depicardization of the vernaculars of the Lille conurbation". In Jones, Mari C.; Esch, Edith (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKftmhoP4gYC">Language Change: The Interplay of Internal, External, and Extra-linguistic Factors</a>. Contributions to the sociology of language. Vol. 86. Berlin, D: Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-110-17202-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-110-17202-7"><bdi>978-3-110-17202-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1861-0676">1861-0676</a>. Retrieved 27 July 2015. <q>Viez notes the enduring prevalence of Picard in Roubaix in the early twentieth century despite progressive francization favoured by urbanization and industrialization</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+depicardization+of+the+vernaculars+of+the+Lille+conurbation&rft.btitle=Language+Change%3A+The+Interplay+of+Internal%2C+External%2C+and+Extra-linguistic+Factors&rft.place=Berlin%2C+D&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft.issn=1861-0676&rft.isbn=978-3-110-17202-7&rft.aulast=Pooley&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKftmhoP4gYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViez1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Viez, Henri-Aimé (1978) [1st pub. 1910]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2DNKAAAAYAAJ">Le parler populaire patois de Roubaix: étude phonétique</a> [Patois of Roubaix: a phonetic study of the popular dialect] (in French). Geneva, CH: Slatkine Reprints. p. 7. Retrieved 27 July 2015. <q>…du parler populaire de Roubaix, tel qu'il était couramment employé avant que l'instruction primaire ne fût devenue obligatoire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+parler+populaire+patois+de+Roubaix%3A+%C3%A9tude+phon%C3%A9tique&rft.place=Geneva%2C+CH&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Slatkine+Reprints&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Viez&rft.aufirst=Henri-Aim%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2DNKAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGopnik1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Gopnik, Adam (9 May 1994). "A Reporter at Large: The Ghost of the Glass House". The New Yorker. New York (New York), USA: F-R Publishing Corporation. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a>. <q>Many of them had German names. They had fled from Alsace-Lorraine as the Franco-Prussian War ended, in 1871.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=A+Reporter+at+Large%3A+The+Ghost+of+the+Glass+House&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1994-05-09&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Gopnik&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbertFishel_Deshmukh2005" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Barbara C.; Fishel Deshmukh, Marion (30 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MOzpAAAAMAAJ">Max Liebermann: from realism to impressionism</a>. Los Angeles (California), USA: Skirball Cultural Center. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-970-42956-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-970-42956-8"><bdi>978-0-970-42956-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 September 2015. <q>After Alsace-Lorraine territory is annexed by the German Empire, thousands of Alsatian Jews emigrate to France.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Max+Liebermann%3A+from+realism+to+impressionism&rft.place=Los+Angeles+%28California%29%2C+USA&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Skirball+Cultural+Center&rft.date=2005-09-30&rft.isbn=978-0-970-42956-8&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Barbara+C.&rft.au=Fishel+Deshmukh%2C+Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMOzpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReboux1872" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reboux, Alfred, ed. (5 October 1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bn-r.fr/presse/pdf/PRA_JRX/PDF/1872/PRA_JRX_18721003_002.pdf">"Roubaix et le nord de la France"</a> [Roubaix and northern France] (PDF). Journal de Roubaix (in French). 17 (3052). Roubaix, F: 2. Retrieved 4 December 2017 – via Bibliothèque numérique de Roubaix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Roubaix&rft.atitle=Roubaix+et+le+nord+de+la+France&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3052&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1872-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bn-r.fr%2Fpresse%2Fpdf%2FPRA_JRX%2FPDF%2F1872%2FPRA_JRX_18721003_002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jvf-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jvf_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvf_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvf_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvf_67-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVieyd'Almeida2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Viey, Frédéric; d'Almeida, Franck (June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131115064855/http://www.synagoguedevalenciennes.com/pages_Histoire_des_Juifs_FR/Histoire_des_communautes_juives_du_nord_et_de_picardie_par_frederic_viey_synagogues_du_Nord.html">Histoire des communautés juives du Nord et de Picardie</a> [History of the Jewish Communities of the North and Picardy Regions] (in French). Valenciennes, F: Synagogue de Valenciennes. pp. 24–25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synagoguedevalenciennes.com/pages_Histoire_des_Juifs_FR/Histoire_des_communautes_juives_du_nord_et_de_picardie_par_frederic_viey_synagogues_du_Nord.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+communaut%C3%A9s+juives+du+Nord+et+de+Picardie&rft.place=Valenciennes%2C+F&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Synagogue+de+Valenciennes&rft.date=2009-06&rft.aulast=Viey&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=d%27Almeida%2C+Franck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.synagoguedevalenciennes.com%2Fpages_Histoire_des_Juifs_FR%2FHistoire_des_communautes_juives_du_nord_et_de_picardie_par_frederic_viey_synagogues_du_Nord.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahenPrague1894" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cahen, Isidore; Prague, Hippolyte (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/archivesisralit00unkngoog/archivesisralit00unkngoog_djvu.txt">Archives israélites – Recueil politique et religieux</a> [Israelite Archive – Political and religious reports] (in French). Vol. Tome LV. Paris, F: Bureau des Archives Israelites. p. 23. Retrieved 27 September 2015. <q>M. Maurice Marx, fils du ministre-officiant de la Synagogue de Roubaix, a été nommé dans le courant de novembre au commandement de la canonnière l'Onyx. Ce jeune officier est un ancien élève de l'École polytechnique.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archives+isra%C3%A9lites+%E2%80%93+Recueil+politique+et+religieux&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Bureau+des+Archives+Israelites&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Cahen&rft.aufirst=Isidore&rft.au=Prague%2C+Hippolyte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Farchivesisralit00unkngoog%2Farchivesisralit00unkngoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ddcjs-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ddcjs_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddcjs_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddcjs_69-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelmaire2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Delmaire, Danielle (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=875tAAAAMAAJ">Les communautés juives septentrionales, 1791–1939: Naissance, croissance, épanouissement</a> [Jewries in Northern France from 1791 to 1939: birth, growth, development] (in French). Vol. 2. State doctoral thesis – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_University_%E2%80%93_Lille_III" title="Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III">Charles de Gaulle University – Lille III</a> – January 1998. Villeneuve d'Ascq, F: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 714–719. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-284-01645-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-284-01645-8"><bdi>978-2-284-01645-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+communaut%C3%A9s+juives+septentrionales%2C+1791%E2%80%931939%3A+Naissance%2C+croissance%2C+%C3%A9panouissement&rft.place=Villeneuve+d%27Ascq%2C+F&rft.pages=714-719&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+du+Septentrion&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-284-01645-8&rft.aulast=Delmaire&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D875tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jrb-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jrb_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jrb_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jrb_70-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jrb_70-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenoul2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Renoul, Bruno (September 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930002319/http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/region/roubaix-commemore-l-epoque-ou-elle-avait-une-synagogue-ia24b58797n3036470">"Roubaix commémore l'époque où elle avait une synagogue"</a> [Roubaix commemorates the time when it had a synagogue]. <a href="/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord_(daily)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Voix du Nord (daily)">La Voix du Nord</a> (in French). Roubaix, F. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0999-2189">0999-2189</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/region/roubaix-commemore-l-epoque-ou-elle-avait-une-synagogue-ia24b58797n3036470">the original</a> on September 30, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Roubaix+comm%C3%A9more+l%27%C3%A9poque+o%C3%B9+elle+avait+une+synagogue&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft.issn=0999-2189&rft.aulast=Renoul&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2Fregion%2Froubaix-commemore-l-epoque-ou-elle-avait-une-synagogue-ia24b58797n3036470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWigoderSpector2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wigoder, Geoffrey; Spector, Shmuel (1 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MZzY8sG8yNsC">"K-Sered – Roubaix"</a>. The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. Vol. 2. New York (New York), USA: New York University Press. p. 1098. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-814-7935-65" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-814-7935-65"><bdi>978-0-814-7935-65</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K-Sered+%E2%80%93+Roubaix&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Life+Before+and+During+the+Holocaust&rft.place=New+York+%28New+York%29%2C+USA&rft.pages=1098&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-814-7935-65&rft.aulast=Wigoder&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Spector%2C+Shmuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMZzY8sG8yNsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichman1998" class="citation book cs1">Michman, Dan (May 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gpk7P_mMFyUC">Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans</a>. Jerusalem: Daf-Noy Press. pp. 335–336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-653-08068-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-653-08068-3"><bdi>978-9-653-08068-3</bdi></a>. <q>A massive round-up, i.e., large-scale random arrests, of Jews in northern France was conducted on September 11, 1942, at the same time as the one in Antwerp […] On October 27, 1943, the Germans arrested two Jewish families in Croix and Roubaix.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belgium+and+the+Holocaust%3A+Jews%2C+Belgians%2C+Germans&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=335-336&rft.pub=Daf-Noy+Press&rft.date=1998-05&rft.isbn=978-9-653-08068-3&rft.aulast=Michman&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGpk7P_mMFyUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieviorkaBataille2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Wieviorka" title="Michel Wieviorka">Wieviorka, Michel</a>; Bataille, Philippe (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EljRLlwxgFAC">The Lure of Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews in Present-Day France</a>. Jewish Identities in a Changing World. Vol. 10. Translated by Couper Lobel, Kristin; Declerck, Anna. Leiden, NL: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-16337-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-16337-9"><bdi>978-9-004-16337-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 September 2015. <q>Roubaix does not have a Jewish community and there is no Jewish place of worship, intra muros.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lure+of+Anti-Semitism%3A+Hatred+of+Jews+in+Present-Day+France&rft.place=Leiden%2C+NL&rft.series=Jewish+Identities+in+a+Changing+World&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2007-09&rft.isbn=978-9-004-16337-9&rft.aulast=Wieviorka&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Bataille%2C+Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEljRLlwxgFAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohannsen_Rubin2013" class="citation web cs1">Johannsen Rubin, Alissa (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/06/world/europe/a-french-town-bridges-the-gap-between-muslims-and-non-muslims.html">"A French Town Bridges the Gap Between Muslims and Non-Muslims"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2016. <q>In Roubaix, the mayor's office estimates that the Muslim population is as much as 20,000, or about 20 percent of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+French+Town+Bridges+the+Gap+Between+Muslims+and+Non-Muslims&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.aulast=Johannsen+Rubin&rft.aufirst=Alissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F08%2F06%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fa-french-town-bridges-the-gap-between-muslims-and-non-muslims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jgilman-76"><a href="#cite_ref-jgilman_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilman2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gilman, Julien (31 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/region/roubaix-la-ville-veut-vendre-douze-chapelles-funeraires-ia24b58797n2466688">"Roubaix: la Ville veut vendre douze chapelles funéraires abandonnées"</a> [The City of Roubaix is willing to sell twelve abandoned funeral chapels]. <a href="/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord_(daily)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Voix du Nord (daily)">La Voix du Nord</a> (in French). Roubaix, F. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0999-2189">0999-2189</a>. Retrieved 14 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft.atitle=Roubaix%3A+la+Ville+veut+vendre+douze+chapelles+fun%C3%A9raires+abandonn%C3%A9es&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.issn=0999-2189&rft.aulast=Gilman&rft.aufirst=Julien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2Fregion%2Froubaix-la-ville-veut-vendre-douze-chapelles-funeraires-ia24b58797n2466688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiogier2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Liogier" title="Raphaël Liogier">Liogier, Raphaël</a> (29 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s2HYAAAAMAAJ">Le bouddhisme mondialisé: Une perspective sociologique sur la globalisation du religieux</a> [Globalised Buddhism: A sociological perspective on the globalisation of religions]. Référence géopolitique (in French). Paris, F: Ellipses Marketing. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7298-1402-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7298-1402-1"><bdi>978-2-7298-1402-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+bouddhisme+mondialis%C3%A9%3A+Une+perspective+sociologique+sur+la+globalisation+du+religieux&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.series=R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+g%C3%A9opolitique&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Ellipses+Marketing&rft.date=2004-03-29&rft.isbn=978-2-7298-1402-1&rft.aulast=Liogier&rft.aufirst=Rapha%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds2HYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre_francophone_d'étude_et_d'enseignement_sur_le_bouddhisme2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Centre francophone d'étude et d'enseignement sur le bouddhisme (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920203809/http://www.bouddhismes.net/annuaire-FRANCE-nord">"Annuaire des Centres bouddhistes: Nord - Pas-de-Calais"</a> [Directory for Buddhist communities: Nord - Pas-de-Calais]. Institut d'Études Bouddhiques (in French). Paris, F: IEB. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bouddhismes.net/annuaire-FRANCE-nord">the original</a> on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institut+d%27%C3%89tudes+Bouddhiques&rft.atitle=Annuaire+des+Centres+bouddhistes%3A+Nord+-+Pas-de-Calais&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Centre+francophone+d%27%C3%A9tude+et+d%27enseignement+sur+le+bouddhisme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bouddhismes.net%2Fannuaire-FRANCE-nord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeuridan1863" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leuridan, Théodore (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_A1BAAAAcAAJ">Histoire des institutions communales et municipales de la ville de Roubaix</a>. Histoire de Roubaix (in French). Vol. 4. Roubaix, F: Imprimerie J. Reboux. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/466447211">466447211</a>. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+institutions+communales+et+municipales+de+la+ville+de+Roubaix&rft.place=Roubaix%2C+F&rft.series=Histoire+de+Roubaix&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Imprimerie+J.+Reboux&rft.date=1863&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F466447211&rft.aulast=Leuridan&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_A1BAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTellier2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tellier, Thibault (16 March 2006). "Le développement urbain de Roubaix dans la première partie du XXe siècle". In David, Michel (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kyI0oPg2LsC">Roubaix: cinquante ans de transformations urbaines et de mutations sociales</a> [Fifty years of urban transformations and social mutations in Roubaix]. Histoire et civilisations (in French). Vol. 972. Villeneuve d'Ascq, F: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-859-39926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-859-39926-9"><bdi>978-2-859-39926-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1284-5655">1284-5655</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2015. <q>…c'est en fait le développement vers le sud qui semble le plus prometteur…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Le+d%C3%A9veloppement+urbain+de+Roubaix+dans+la+premi%C3%A8re+partie+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.btitle=Roubaix%3A+cinquante+ans+de+transformations+urbaines+et+de+mutations+sociales&rft.place=Villeneuve+d%27Ascq%2C+F&rft.series=Histoire+et+civilisations&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+du+Septentrion&rft.date=2006-03-16&rft.issn=1284-5655&rft.isbn=978-2-859-39926-9&rft.aulast=Tellier&rft.aufirst=Thibault&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-kyI0oPg2LsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÉtat_français1940" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">État français (12 December 1940). "Loi du 16 novembre 1940 RELATIVE A LA REORGANISATION DES CORPS MUNICIPAUX" [Law of November 16, 1940 RELATED TO REORGANISATION OF MUNICIPAL BODIES]. <a href="/wiki/Journal_Officiel_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal Officiel de la République Française">Journal Officiel de la République Française</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie nationale">Imprimerie nationale</a>: 6074.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+Officiel+de+la+R%C3%A9publique+Fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=Loi+du+16+novembre+1940+RELATIVE+A+LA+REORGANISATION+DES+CORPS+MUNICIPAUX&rft.pages=6074&rft.date=1940-12-12&rft.au=%C3%89tat+fran%C3%A7ais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPottrain1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pottrain, Martine (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa-IAAAAMAAJ">Le Nord au cœur: historique de la Fédération du Nord du Parti socialiste, 1880–1993</a> [Nord at heart: history of the French socialist party federation of the Nord, 1880–1993] (in French). Lille, F: SARL de presse Nord-Demain. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34886141">34886141</a>. <q>La loi de Vichy du 16 novembre 1940 réorganise l'administration communale : les maires et les conseillers municipaux sont désignés par le préfet, après accord des autorités allemandes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Nord+au+c%C5%93ur%3A+historique+de+la+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+du+Nord+du+Parti+socialiste%2C+1880%E2%80%931993&rft.place=Lille%2C+F&rft.pub=SARL+de+presse+Nord-Demain&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34886141&rft.aulast=Pottrain&rft.aufirst=Martine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWa-IAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiat1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piat, Jean (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhgRAQAAMAAJ">Victor Provo: 1903–1983: Roubaix témoigne et accuse</a> (in French). Dunkerque, F: Éditions Des Beffrois. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-903-07747-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-903-07747-1"><bdi>978-2-903-07747-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 July 2015. <q>Toutefois, Jean Lebas restera suspendu et le poste de maire sera confié, le 18 décembre 1940, au plus ancien adjoint : Fleuris Vanherpe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victor+Provo%3A+1903%E2%80%931983%3A+Roubaix+t%C3%A9moigne+et+accuse&rft.place=Dunkerque%2C+F&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Des+Beffrois&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-2-903-07747-1&rft.aulast=Piat&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhgRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2001" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julian (26 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xtLSly2RN2wC">France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944</a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-191-62288-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-191-62288-5"><bdi>978-0-191-62288-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 September 2015. <q>The pre-war mayor of Roubaix, Jean Lebas, who was involved in the Resistance from the beginning, had no qualms about encouraging his Socialist colleague Victor Provo to accept the post of mayor in 1942 on the grounds that the alternatives might be worse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France%3A+The+Dark+Years%2C+1940%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001-04-26&rft.isbn=978-0-191-62288-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxtLSly2RN2wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThyssen_GeertHerman_FrederikKusters_WalterVan_Ruyskensvelde_Sarah2010" class="citation book cs1">Thyssen Geert; Herman Frederik; Kusters Walter; Van Ruyskensvelde Sarah; Depaepe Marc (20 December 2010). "From popular to unpopular education? The open-air school(s) of "Pont- Rouge", Roubaix (1921–1978)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://p1.unimc.it/hecl/archivio/v-2-2010/at_download/abstract/HECL_2010-2.pdf">History of Education & Children's Literature</a> (PDF). Macerata, I: Edizioni Università di Macerata. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6056-252-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6056-252-4"><bdi>978-88-6056-252-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 September 2015. <q>…he was replaced successively by Fleuris Vanherpe, Marcel Guislain, Alphonse Verbeurgt, Charles Baudoin and Victor Provo. The latter, who was appointed by the Vichy regime, would be reinstalled as mayor of Roubaix after the war and govern the city from 1944 until 1977.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+popular+to+unpopular+education%3F+The+open-air+school%28s%29+of+%22Pont-+Rouge%22%2C+Roubaix+%281921%E2%80%931978%29&rft.btitle=History+of+Education+%26+Children%27s+Literature&rft.place=Macerata%2C+I&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Edizioni+Universit%C3%A0+di+Macerata&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.isbn=978-88-6056-252-4&rft.au=Thyssen+Geert&rft.au=Herman+Frederik&rft.au=Kusters+Walter&rft.au=Van+Ruyskensvelde+Sarah&rft.au=Depaepe+Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fp1.unimc.it%2Fhecl%2Farchivio%2Fv-2-2010%2Fat_download%2Fabstract%2FHECL_2010-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuquiens2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luquiens, Corinne, ed. 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Retrieved 26 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Base+de+donn%C3%A9es+historique+des+anciens+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s&rft.atitle=Base+de+donn%C3%A9es+des+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+fran%C3%A7ais+depuis+1789+%E2%80%93+Victor+PROVO&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fsycomore%2Ffiche.asp%3Fnum_dept%3D6522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fd_jum-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fd_jum_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fd_jum_92-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fd_jum_92-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/cncdext/dyn/public/atlas/rechercheAtlasFrance.html?criteres.collectiviteId=23911">"Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures"</a>. Commission nationale de la coopération décentralisée (in French). France Diplomatie. 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+nationale+de+la+coop%C3%A9ration+d%C3%A9centralis%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=Atlas+fran%C3%A7ais+de+la+coop%C3%A9ration+d%C3%A9centralis%C3%A9e+et+des+autres+actions+ext%C3%A9rieures&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fcncdext%2Fdyn%2Fpublic%2Fatlas%2FrechercheAtlasFrance.html%3Fcriteres.collectiviteId%3D23911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jp_jum-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jp_jum_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jp_jum_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiat1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piat, Jean (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhgRAQAAMAAJ">Victor Provo: 1903–1983: Roubaix témoigne et accuse</a> (in French). Dunkerque, F: Éditions Des Beffrois. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-903-07747-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-903-07747-1"><bdi>978-2-903-07747-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victor+Provo%3A+1903%E2%80%931983%3A+Roubaix+t%C3%A9moigne+et+accuse&rft.place=Dunkerque%2C+F&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Des+Beffrois&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-2-903-07747-1&rft.aulast=Piat&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhgRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc_jum-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc_jum_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_jum_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatriceProvoTrénardTeneul1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Catrice, Paul; Provo, Victor; Trénard, Louis; Teneul, Georges-François (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JsYaAAAAMAAJ">Roubaix au-delà des mers</a> (in French). Roubaix, F: Société d'émulation de Roubaix. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/493340579">493340579</a>. 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Monteroduni (Isernia), I: Istituto enciclopedico italiano. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-887-98326-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-887-98326-5"><bdi>978-8-887-98326-5</bdi></a>. 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Les Nouveaux Commanditaires. Brussels, B. 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Roubaix, F: Mairie de Roubaix. Retrieved 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roubaix%3A+Parc+Barbieux+et+Grand+Boulevard&rft.place=Roubaix%2C+F&rft.pub=Mairie+de+Roubaix&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Mairie+de+Roubaix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.calameo.com%2Fread%2F0003393756fae8265cfec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMédiathèque_de_Roubaix1980" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Médiathèque de Roubaix (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bn-r.fr/fr/notice.php?id=CP_A11_L7_S1_005">"Monument Jean Lebas"</a>. Bibliothèque numérique de Roubaix (in French). Roubaix, F: Mairie de Roubaix. Retrieved 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblioth%C3%A8que+num%C3%A9rique+de+Roubaix&rft.atitle=Monument+Jean+Lebas&rft.date=1980&rft.au=M%C3%A9diath%C3%A8que+de+Roubaix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bn-r.fr%2Ffr%2Fnotice.php%3Fid%3DCP_A11_L7_S1_005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jp_scu-109"><a href="#cite_ref-jp_scu_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiat1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piat, Jean (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhgRAQAAMAAJ">Victor Provo: 1903–1983: Roubaix témoigne et accuse</a> (in French). 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Retrieved 20 July 2015. <q>Le 11 novembre 1948, le ciseau du grand prix de Rome, le Roubaisien Albert de Jaeger, grava leur souvenir dans la pierre d'un monument Aux Martyrs de la Résistance, érigé sur l'ancienne place Chevreul.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victor+Provo%3A+1903%E2%80%931983%3A+Roubaix+t%C3%A9moigne+et+accuse&rft.place=Dunkerque%2C+F&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Des+Beffrois&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-2-903-07747-1&rft.aulast=Piat&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhgRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpp-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lpp_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpp_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6271982/f1.zoom.r=weerts.langFR">"L'hommage de Roubaix au peintre J.J. Weerts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Parisien" title="Le Petit Parisien">Le Petit Parisien</a> (in French). Paris, F: 1. 30 November 1931. Retrieved 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Petit+Parisien&rft.atitle=L%27hommage+de+Roubaix+au+peintre+J.J.+Weerts&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6271982%2Ff1.zoom.r%3Dweerts.langFR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamspacher1863" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ramspacher, Émile-Georges (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zxu5AAAAIAAJ">Le général Estienne: "père des chars"</a>. Portrait et aspect de l'histoire (in French). Vol. 2. Paris, F: Éditions Charles-Lavauzelle. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-702-50036-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-702-50036-1"><bdi>978-2-702-50036-1</bdi></a>. 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Les monuments aux morts France et Belgique (in French). Laboratoire UMR CNRS IRHiS Institut de Recherches Historiques du Septentrion Université de Lille. 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Retrieved 19 July 2015. <q>In Roubaix, which has a Socialist majority on the town council, a memorial will be unveiled on Easter Sunday, in honour of Jules Guesde, the great pioneer of Marxian Socialism in France.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social-democrat%3A+Incorporating+Justice&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Executive+Committee+of+the+Social-Democratic+Federation&rft.date=1925&rft.au=Social+Democratic+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4x4tAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-monumen.net/patrimoine-monumental/monument-a-jules-guesde-roubaix/">"Monument à Jules Guesde – Roubaix"</a>. 2015 E-monumen (in French). 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Retrieved 12 July 2015. <q>…и кто-то посоветовал, городок Рубе на севере Франции. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemotions.com/Le-Maitre-nageur-tt25023">the original</a> on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Ma%C3%AEtre-nageur&rft.place=Wattignies%2C+F&rft.pub=CinEmotions.com&rft.date=1994&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemotions.com%2FLe-Maitre-nageur-tt25023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rateyourmusic.com/list/Frenchblues/godard_part_ii__1968_1974___the_mao_years/">"Godard part II: 1968–1974 – The Mao years"</a>. Rate Your Music. Seattle (Washington), USA: Sonemic, Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rate+Your+Music&rft.atitle=Godard+part+II%3A+1968%E2%80%931974+%E2%80%93+The+Mao+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frateyourmusic.com%2Flist%2FFrenchblues%2Fgodard_part_ii__1968_1974___the_mao_years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandenbussche2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vandenbussche, Robert (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FIOfAAAAMAAJ">1896–1996, Cent ans d'université Lilloise: actes du colloque organisé à Lille, les 6 et 7 décembre 1996</a> [1896–1996, one hundred years of the University of Lille: proceedings of the symposium held on November 6 and 7, 1996 at Lille]. Centre d'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest (in French). Vol. 18. Villeneuve d'Ascq, F: Université Charles-de-Gaulle – Lille III / CRHEN-O. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-905-63734-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-905-63734-5"><bdi>978-2-905-63734-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1896%E2%80%931996%2C+Cent+ans+d%27universit%C3%A9+Lilloise%3A+actes+du+colloque+organis%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Lille%2C+les+6+et+7+d%C3%A9cembre+1996&rft.place=Villeneuve+d%27Ascq%2C+F&rft.series=Centre+d%27Histoire+de+l%27Europe+du+Nord-Ouest&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Charles-de-Gaulle+%E2%80%93+Lille+III+%2F+CRHEN-O&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-905-63734-5&rft.aulast=Vandenbussche&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFIOfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeromePain1899" class="citation book cs1">Jerome, Jerome Klapka; Pain, Barry, eds. (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=32ExAQAAMAAJ">To-day</a>. Vol. 22. London, UK: W.A. Dunkerley. p. 215. Retrieved 28 July 2015. <q>The sport is very popular in the North of France, some fifty odd clubs existing in or near Roubaix, where a very large meeting was recently held.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To-day&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=W.A.+Dunkerley&rft.date=1899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D32ExAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaretPopelier2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Waret, Philippe; Popelier, Jean-Pierre (1 July 2005). Sutton, Alan (ed.). Roubaix: ville de sport [Roubaix: a sporting city]. Mémoire du sport (in French). Saint-Avertin, F: Éditions Alan Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84910-155-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84910-155-1"><bdi>978-2-84910-155-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roubaix%3A+ville+de+sport&rft.place=Saint-Avertin%2C+F&rft.series=M%C3%A9moire+du+sport&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Alan+Sutton&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.isbn=978-2-84910-155-1&rft.aulast=Waret&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.au=Popelier%2C+Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-suz-158"><a href="#cite_ref-suz_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrévan2002" class="citation book cs1">Brévan, Claude (June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/urban-gb_cle5a71f3.pdf">The URBAN Community Initiative</a> (PDF). Sainte-Denis, F: Interministerial Delegation for Urban Affairs. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-11-093-339-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-11-093-339-9"><bdi>2-11-093-339-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+URBAN+Community+Initiative&rft.place=Sainte-Denis%2C+F&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Interministerial+Delegation+for+Urban+Affairs&rft.date=2002-06&rft.isbn=2-11-093-339-9&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A9van&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville.gouv.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Furban-gb_cle5a71f3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussey2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hussey" title="Andrew Hussey">Hussey, Andrew</a> (14 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/14/france-election-marseille-lyon-lille">"France: a divided nation goes to the polls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=France%3A+a+divided+nation+goes+to+the+polls&rft.date=2012-04-14&rft.aulast=Hussey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fapr%2F14%2Ffrance-election-marseille-lyon-lille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnew2018" class="citation web cs1">Agnew, Harriet (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/c1d59836-fda7-11e8-aebf-99e208d3e521">"Can France revive its industrial heartland?"</a>. Financial Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c1d59836-fda7-11e8-aebf-99e208d3e521">the original</a> on 10 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Can+France+revive+its+industrial+heartland%3F&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc1d59836-fda7-11e8-aebf-99e208d3e521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Michael Stephen (14 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zs26hd5keYkC">The Emergence of Modern Business Enterprise in France, 1800–1930</a>. Harvard studies in business history. Vol. 49. Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA: Harvard University Press. p. 489. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01939-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01939-3"><bdi>978-0-674-01939-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0073-067X">0073-067X</a>. Retrieved 23 July 2015. <q>One of these was Pinault-Printemps-Redoute, a major retailing firm created by the merger of the Printemps-Prisunic department store chain and La Redoute, a leading mail-order house founded by a family of Roubaix wool spinners in the 1920s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Modern+Business+Enterprise+in+France%2C+1800%E2%80%931930&rft.place=Cambridge+%28Massachusetts%29%2C+USA&rft.series=Harvard+studies+in+business+history&rft.pages=489&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.issn=0073-067X&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01939-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzs26hd5keYkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaren1992" class="citation book cs1">Baren, Maurice (16 September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7pQYyGf1_cYC">How it all began: the stories behind those famous names</a>. Leeds, UK: Smith Settle. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870-07192-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-870-07192-5"><bdi>978-1-870-07192-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 July 2015. <q>In the French town of Roubaix in the 1950s, three brothers, members of the Despature family, had a weaving business manufacturing fine woollen cloths.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+it+all+began%3A+the+stories+behind+those+famous+names&rft.place=Leeds%2C+UK&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Smith+Settle&rft.date=1992-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-870-07192-5&rft.aulast=Baren&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7pQYyGf1_cYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerdak2009" class="citation book cs1">Derdak, Thomas (2009). Grant, Tina (ed.). International Directory of Company Histories. Gale virtual reference library. Vol. 98. Farmington Hills (Michigan), USA: St. James Press. pp. 85–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-558-62619-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-558-62619-5"><bdi>978-1-558-62619-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Directory+of+Company+Histories&rft.place=Farmington+Hills+%28Michigan%29%2C+USA&rft.series=Gale+virtual+reference+library&rft.pages=85-87&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-558-62619-5&rft.aulast=Derdak&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubois2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dubois, Guy (11 October 2012). Le Nord Pas-de-Calais Pour les Nuls [Nord Pas-de-Calais for dummies]. Pour les Nuls Culture Générale (in French). Paris, F: Éditions First & First Interactive. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-754-03547-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-754-03547-7"><bdi>978-2-754-03547-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Nord+Pas-de-Calais+Pour+les+Nuls&rft.place=Paris%2C+F&rft.series=Pour+les+Nuls+Culture+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+First+%26+First+Interactive&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft.isbn=978-2-754-03547-7&rft.aulast=Dubois&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProuvost2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prouvost, Thierry (August 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721102339/http://www.thierryprouvost.com/Vision-internationale-familles-du-Nord.html">"Vision et génie international des "familles du Nord" et de Roubaix en particulier"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thierryprouvost.com/Vision-internationale-familles-du-Nord.html">the original</a> on July 21, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015. <q>C'est en 1932, à Roubaix, que Xavier Toulemonde crée les Filatures des 3 Suisses, qui deviendront par la suite les 3 Suisses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vision+et+g%C3%A9nie+international+des+%22familles+du+Nord%22+et+de+Roubaix+en+particulier&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft.aulast=Prouvost&rft.aufirst=Thierry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thierryprouvost.com%2FVision-internationale-familles-du-Nord.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/911395/ovh-com-lays-the-first-brick-of-its-future-north-american-data-centre-in-beauharnois">"OVH.com lays the first brick of its future North American data centre in Beauharnois"</a>. CNW A PR Newswire Company. <a href="/wiki/CNW_Group" title="CNW Group">CNW Group Ltd.</a> 26 January 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNW+A+PR+Newswire+Company&rft.atitle=OVH.com+lays+the+first+brick+of+its+future+North+American+data+centre+in+Beauharnois&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswire.ca%2Fen%2Fstory%2F911395%2Fovh-com-lays-the-first-brick-of-its-future-north-american-data-centre-in-beauharnois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ankama-167"><a href="#cite_ref-ankama_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroup2015" class="citation web cs1">Group, Ankama (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713142200/http://www.ankama.com/en/company/locals">"From Textile Factory to Studio: The Story of Our Premises"</a>. Ankama Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ankama.com/en/company/locals">the original</a> on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2015. <q>In January of 2007, the deal was done and Ankama moved into 75 Boulevard d'Armentières in Roubaix.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Textile+Factory+to+Studio%3A+The+Story+of+Our+Premises&rft.pub=Ankama+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Group&rft.aufirst=Ankama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ankama.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Flocals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBRGM2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a> (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RP-51582-FR.pdf">"Inventaire d'anciens sites industriels sur l'arrondissement de Lille"</a> [Inventory of old industrial sites on the arrondissement of Lille] (PDF). InfoTerre. Lezennes, F: BRGM. pp. 27–28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoTerre&rft.atitle=Inventaire+d%27anciens+sites+industriels+sur+l%27arrondissement+de+Lille&rft.pages=27-28&rft.date=2002-04&rft.au=BRGM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FRP-51582-FR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hutchinson, Lucille (28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cerdd.org/Parcours-thematiques/Changement-climatique/Initiatives-changement-climatique/Chauffage-urbain-au-bois-a-Roubaix">"Chauffage urbain au bois à Roubaix"</a> [Wood biomass district heating systems of Roubaix] (in French). Loos-en-Gohelle, F: Centre Ressource du Développement Durable.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chauffage+urbain+au+bois+%C3%A0+Roubaix&rft.place=Loos-en-Gohelle%2C+F&rft.pub=Centre+Ressource+du+D%C3%A9veloppement+Durable&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Lucille&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cerdd.org%2FParcours-thematiques%2FChangement-climatique%2FInitiatives-changement-climatique%2FChauffage-urbain-au-bois-a-Roubaix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatelFerran2018" class="citation web cs1">Chatel, Laura; Ferran, Rosa (20 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zerowasteeurope.eu/downloads/case-study-8-the-story-of-roubaix/">"The story of Roubaix Case study 8"</a> (PDF). Zero Waste Europe. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+story+of+Roubaix+Case+study+8&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Zero+Waste+Europe&rft.date=2018-01-20&rft.aulast=Chatel&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Ferran%2C+Rosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzerowasteeurope.eu%2Fdownloads%2Fcase-study-8-the-story-of-roubaix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoubaix" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Roubaix#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Roubaix">Bibliography of the history of Roubaix</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Roubaix" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Roubaix">Roubaix</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roubaixtourisme.com/">Tourist office website (in French, English, and Dutch)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roubaix-lapiscine.com/">Website of the museum of art and industry (in French)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leblog2roubaix.com/">LeBlog2Roubaix.Com (videoblog and WebTv about Roubaix) (in French)</a></li></ul> <pre>(in French) </pre> <div 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title="Anstaing">Anstaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenti%C3%A8res" title="Armentières">Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubers" title="Aubers">Aubers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisieux" title="Baisieux">Baisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bass%C3%A9e" title="La Bassée">La Bassée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauvin" title="Bauvin">Bauvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucamps-Ligny" title="Beaucamps-Ligny">Beaucamps-Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Grenier" title="Bois-Grenier">Bois-Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondues" title="Bondues">Bondues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousbecque" title="Bousbecque">Bousbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvines" title="Bouvines">Bouvines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capinghem" title="Capinghem">Capinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnin" title="Carnin">Carnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-d%27Armenti%C3%A8res" title="La Chapelle-d'Armentières">La Chapelle-d'Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9reng" title="Chéreng">Chéreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comines,_Nord" title="Comines, Nord">Comines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix,_Nord" title="Croix, Nord">Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De%C3%BBl%C3%A9mont" title="Deûlémont">Deûlémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don,_Nord" title="Don, Nord">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmerin" title="Emmerin">Emmerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englos" title="Englos">Englos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneti%C3%A8res-en-Weppes" title="Ennetières-en-Weppes">Ennetières-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-le-Sec" title="Erquinghem-le-Sec">Erquinghem-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-Lys" title="Erquinghem-Lys">Erquinghem-Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escobecques" title="Escobecques">Escobecques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faches-Thumesnil" title="Faches-Thumesnil">Faches-Thumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest-sur-Marque" title="Forest-sur-Marque">Forest-sur-Marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournes-en-Weppes" title="Fournes-en-Weppes">Fournes-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frelinghien" title="Frelinghien">Frelinghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretin" title="Fretin">Fretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromelles" title="Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruson" title="Gruson">Gruson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin" title="Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin">Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halluin" title="Halluin">Halluin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantay" title="Hantay">Hantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haubourdin" title="Haubourdin">Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem,_Nord" title="Hem, Nord">Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herlies" title="Herlies">Herlies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplin-Ancoisne" title="Houplin-Ancoisne">Houplin-Ancoisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplines" title="Houplines">Houplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illies,_Nord" title="Illies, Nord">Illies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambersart" title="Lambersart">Lambersart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lannoy,_Nord" title="Lannoy, Nord">Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Maisnil" title="Le Maisnil">Le Maisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leers" title="Leers">Leers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesquin" title="Lesquin">Lesquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezennes" title="Lezennes">Lezennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (includes the <a href="/wiki/Associated_communes_of_France" title="Associated communes of France">associate-communes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hellemmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellemmes">Hellemmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lomme" title="Lomme">Lomme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linselles" title="Linselles">Linselles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lompret" title="Lompret">Lompret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loos,_Nord" title="Loos, Nord">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys-lez-Lannoy" title="Lys-lez-Lannoy">Lys-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Nord" title="La Madeleine, Nord">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcq-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Marcq-en-Barœul">Marcq-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette-lez-Lille" title="Marquette-lez-Lille">Marquette-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquillies" title="Marquillies">Marquillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Mons-en-Barœul">Mons-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvaux" title="Mouvaux">Mouvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Ferrain" title="Neuville-en-Ferrain">Neuville-en-Ferrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-l%C3%A8s-Seclin" title="Noyelles-lès-Seclin">Noyelles-lès-Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9renchies" title="Pérenchies">Pérenchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Péronne-en-Mélantois">Péronne-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mesques" title="Prémesques">Prémesques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provin" title="Provin">Provin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesnoy-sur-De%C3%BBle" title="Quesnoy-sur-Deûle">Quesnoy-sur-Deûle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radinghem-en-Weppes" title="Radinghem-en-Weppes">Radinghem-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronchin" title="Ronchin">Ronchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncq" title="Roncq">Roncq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-lez-Lannoy" title="Sailly-lez-Lannoy">Sailly-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Sainghin-en-Mélantois">Sainghin-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-Weppes" title="Sainghin-en-Weppes">Sainghin-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-lez-Lille" title="Saint-André-lez-Lille">Saint-André-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9,_Nord" title="Salomé, Nord">Salomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santes" title="Santes">Santes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seclin" title="Seclin">Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequedin" title="Sequedin">Sequedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templemars" title="Templemars">Templemars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toufflers" title="Toufflers">Toufflers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tressin" title="Tressin">Tressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendeville" title="Vendeville">Vendeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlinghem" title="Verlinghem">Verlinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq" title="Villeneuve-d'Ascq">Villeneuve-d'Ascq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambrechies" title="Wambrechies">Wambrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warneton,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Warneton, France">Warneton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasquehal" title="Wasquehal">Wasquehal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattignies" title="Wattignies">Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattrelos" title="Wattrelos">Wattrelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrin" title="Wavrin">Wavrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wervicq-Sud" title="Wervicq-Sud">Wervicq-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicres" title="Wicres">Wicres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willems,_Nord" title="Willems, Nord">Willems</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_MEL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_MEL.svg/80px-Logo_MEL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_MEL.svg/120px-Logo_MEL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Logo_MEL.svg/160px-Logo_MEL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="301" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Nord_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nord_communes" title="Template:Nord communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nord_communes" title="Template talk:Nord communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nord_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nord communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Nord_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Nord_department" title="Communes of the Nord department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> department <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abancourt,_Nord" title="Abancourt, Nord">Abancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abscon" title="Abscon">Abscon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aibes" title="Aibes">Aibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Aix-en-Pévèle">Aix-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allennes-les-Marais" title="Allennes-les-Marais">Allennes-les-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfroipret" title="Amfroipret">Amfroipret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhiers" title="Anhiers">Anhiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniche" title="Aniche">Aniche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneux" title="Anneux">Anneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C5%93ullin" title="Annœullin">Annœullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anor" title="Anor">Anor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anstaing" title="Anstaing">Anstaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzin" title="Anzin">Anzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arleux" title="Arleux">Arleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armbouts-Cappel" title="Armbouts-Cappel">Armbouts-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenti%C3%A8res" title="Armentières">Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arn%C3%A8ke" title="Arnèke">Arnèke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artres" title="Artres">Artres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assevent" title="Assevent">Assevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attiches" title="Attiches">Attiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubencheul-au-Bac" title="Aubencheul-au-Bac">Aubencheul-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberchicourt" title="Auberchicourt">Auberchicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubers" title="Aubers">Aubers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubigny-au-Bac" title="Aubigny-au-Bac">Aubigny-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubry-du-Hainaut" title="Aubry-du-Hainaut">Aubry-du-Hainaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auby" title="Auby">Auby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchy-lez-Orchies" title="Auchy-lez-Orchies">Auchy-lez-Orchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audignies" title="Audignies">Audignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnoye-Aymeries" title="Aulnoye-Aymeries">Aulnoye-Aymeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes" title="Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes">Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelin" title="Avelin">Avelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnelles" title="Avesnelles">Avesnelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-les-Aubert" title="Avesnes-les-Aubert">Avesnes-les-Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-le-Sec" title="Avesnes-le-Sec">Avesnes-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-sur-Helpe" title="Avesnes-sur-Helpe">Avesnes-sur-Helpe</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awoingt" title="Awoingt">Awoingt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachant" title="Bachant">Bachant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachy" title="Bachy">Bachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailleul,_Nord" title="Bailleul, Nord">Bailleul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisieux" title="Baisieux">Baisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baives" title="Baives">Baives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambecque" title="Bambecque">Bambecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteux" title="Banteux">Banteux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantigny" title="Bantigny">Bantigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantouzelle" title="Bantouzelle">Bantouzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas-Lieu" title="Bas-Lieu">Bas-Lieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bass%C3%A9e" title="La Bassée">La Bassée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauvin" title="Bauvin">Bauvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavay" title="Bavay">Bavay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavinchove" title="Bavinchove">Bavinchove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazuel" title="Bazuel">Bazuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaucamps-Ligny" title="Beaucamps-Ligny">Beaucamps-Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaudignies" title="Beaudignies">Beaudignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_Nord" title="Beaufort, Nord">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Beaumont-en-Cambrésis">Beaumont-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurain" title="Beaurain">Beaurain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre" title="Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre">Beaurepaire-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurieux,_Nord" title="Beaurieux, Nord">Beaurieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvois-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Beauvois-en-Cambrésis">Beauvois-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellaing" title="Bellaing">Bellaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellignies" title="Bellignies">Bellignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9relles" title="Bérelles">Bérelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergues" title="Bergues">Bergues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlaimont" title="Berlaimont">Berlaimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermerain" title="Bermerain">Bermerain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermeries" title="Bermeries">Bermeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bers%C3%A9e" title="Bersée">Bersée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersillies" title="Bersillies">Bersillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthen" title="Berthen">Berthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertry" title="Bertry">Bertry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thencourt" title="Béthencourt">Béthencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettignies" title="Bettignies">Bettignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettrechies" title="Bettrechies">Bettrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beugnies" title="Beugnies">Beugnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvrages" title="Beuvrages">Beuvrages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuvry-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Beuvry-la-Forêt">Beuvry-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9villers" title="Bévillers">Bévillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierne" title="Bierne">Bierne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissezeele" title="Bissezeele">Bissezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaringhem" title="Blaringhem">Blaringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9court,_Nord" title="Blécourt, Nord">Blécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeschepe" title="Boeschepe">Boeschepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%ABseghem" title="Boëseghem">Boëseghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Grenier" title="Bois-Grenier">Bois-Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollezeele" title="Bollezeele">Bollezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondues" title="Bondues">Bondues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borre,_Nord" title="Borre, Nord">Borre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchain" title="Bouchain">Bouchain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Helpe" title="Boulogne-sur-Helpe">Boulogne-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbourg" title="Bourbourg">Bourbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourghelles" title="Bourghelles">Bourghelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boursies" title="Boursies">Boursies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousbecque" title="Bousbecque">Bousbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousies" title="Bousies">Bousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousignies" title="Bousignies">Bousignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bousignies-sur-Roc" title="Bousignies-sur-Roc">Bousignies-sur-Roc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussi%C3%A8res-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Boussières-en-Cambrésis">Boussières-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussi%C3%A8res-sur-Sambre" title="Boussières-sur-Sambre">Boussières-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussois" title="Boussois">Boussois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvignies" title="Bouvignies">Bouvignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvines" title="Bouvines">Bouvines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bray-Dunes" title="Bray-Dunes">Bray-Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briastre" title="Briastre">Briastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillon" title="Brillon">Brillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouckerque" title="Brouckerque">Brouckerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxeele" title="Broxeele">Broxeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruay-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Bruay-sur-l'Escaut">Bruay-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruille-lez-Marchiennes" title="Bruille-lez-Marchiennes">Bruille-lez-Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruille-Saint-Amand" title="Bruille-Saint-Amand">Bruille-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brun%C3%A9mont" title="Brunémont">Brunémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bry,_Nord" title="Bry, Nord">Bry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugnicourt" title="Bugnicourt">Bugnicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busigny" title="Busigny">Busigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buysscheure" title="Buysscheure">Buysscheure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ABstre" title="Caëstre">Caëstre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagnoncles" title="Cagnoncles">Cagnoncles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphin-en-Carembault" title="Camphin-en-Carembault">Camphin-en-Carembault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphin-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Camphin-en-Pévèle">Camphin-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantaing-sur-Escaut" title="Cantaing-sur-Escaut">Cantaing-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantin" title="Cantin">Cantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelle,_Nord" title="Capelle, Nord">Capelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capinghem" title="Capinghem">Capinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-Brouck" title="Cappelle-Brouck">Cappelle-Brouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Cappelle-en-Pévèle">Cappelle-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappelle-la-Grande" title="Cappelle-la-Grande">Cappelle-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carni%C3%A8res" title="Carnières">Carnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnin" title="Carnin">Carnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartignies" title="Cartignies">Cartignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassel,_Nord" title="Cassel, Nord">Cassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cateau-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Le Cateau-Cambrésis">Le Cateau-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catillon-sur-Sambre" title="Catillon-sur-Sambre">Catillon-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catteni%C3%A8res" title="Cattenières">Cattenières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudry" title="Caudry">Caudry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caullery" title="Caullery">Caullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauroir" title="Cauroir">Cauroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerfontaine,_Nord" title="Cerfontaine, Nord">Cerfontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-d%27Armenti%C3%A8res" title="La Chapelle-d'Armentières">La Chapelle-d'Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-l%27Abbaye" title="Château-l'Abbaye">Château-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemy" title="Chemy">Chemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9reng" title="Chéreng">Chéreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choisies" title="Choisies">Choisies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairfayts" title="Clairfayts">Clairfayts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clary,_Nord" title="Clary, Nord">Clary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobrieux" title="Cobrieux">Cobrieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleret" title="Colleret">Colleret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comines,_Nord" title="Comines, Nord">Comines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Condé-sur-l'Escaut">Condé-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coudekerque-Branche" title="Coudekerque-Branche">Coudekerque-Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courchelettes" title="Courchelettes">Courchelettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousolre" title="Cousolre">Cousolre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coutiches" title="Coutiches">Coutiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craywick" title="Craywick">Craywick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crespin,_Nord" title="Crespin, Nord">Crespin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8vec%C5%93ur-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut">Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochte" title="Crochte">Crochte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix,_Nord" title="Croix, Nord">Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-Caluyau" title="Croix-Caluyau">Croix-Caluyau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuincy" title="Cuincy">Cuincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curgies" title="Curgies">Curgies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvillers" title="Cuvillers">Cuvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysoing" title="Cysoing">Cysoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damousies" title="Damousies">Damousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechy" title="Dechy">Dechy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh%C3%A9ries" title="Dehéries">Dehéries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denain" title="Denain">Denain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De%C3%BBl%C3%A9mont" title="Deûlémont">Deûlémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimechaux" title="Dimechaux">Dimechaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimont" title="Dimont">Dimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doignies" title="Doignies">Doignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-sur-Helpe" title="Dompierre-sur-Helpe">Dompierre-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don,_Nord" title="Don, Nord">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchy-les-Mines" title="Douchy-les-Mines">Douchy-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Doulieu" title="Le Doulieu">Le Doulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dourlers" title="Dourlers">Dourlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drincham" title="Drincham">Drincham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebblinghem" title="Ebblinghem">Ebblinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89caillon" title="Écaillon">Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Nord" title="Eccles, Nord">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89claibes" title="Éclaibes">Éclaibes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu%C3%A9lin" title="Écuélin">Écuélin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eecke" title="Eecke">Eecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lesmes" title="Élesmes">Élesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lincourt" title="Élincourt">Élincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89merchicourt" title="Émerchicourt">Émerchicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmerin" title="Emmerin">Emmerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefontaine" title="Englefontaine">Englefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englos" title="Englos">Englos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneti%C3%A8res-en-Weppes" title="Ennetières-en-Weppes">Ennetières-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennevelin" title="Ennevelin">Ennevelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eppe-Sauvage" title="Eppe-Sauvage">Eppe-Sauvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erchin" title="Erchin">Erchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eringhem" title="Eringhem">Eringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-le-Sec" title="Erquinghem-le-Sec">Erquinghem-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erquinghem-Lys" title="Erquinghem-Lys">Erquinghem-Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erre" title="Erre">Erre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarmain" title="Escarmain">Escarmain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaudain" title="Escaudain">Escaudain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaud%C5%93uvres" title="Escaudœuvres">Escaudœuvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escautpont" title="Escautpont">Escautpont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escobecques" title="Escobecques">Escobecques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esnes" title="Esnes">Esnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquelbecq" title="Esquelbecq">Esquelbecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquerchin" title="Esquerchin">Esquerchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estaires" title="Estaires">Estaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estourmel" title="Estourmel">Estourmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%A9es,_Nord" title="Estrées, Nord">Estrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estreux" title="Estreux">Estreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrun" title="Estrun">Estrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswars" title="Eswars">Eswars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eth,_Nord" title="Eth, Nord">Eth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tr%C5%93ungt" title="Étrœungt">Étrœungt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faches-Thumesnil" title="Faches-Thumesnil">Faches-Thumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famars" title="Famars">Famars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faumont" title="Faumont">Faumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Favril,_Nord" title="Le Favril, Nord">Le Favril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9chain" title="Féchain">Féchain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feignies" title="Feignies">Feignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felleries" title="Felleries">Felleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenain" title="Fenain">Fenain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rin" title="Férin">Férin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9ron" title="Féron">Féron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-la-Grande" title="Ferrière-la-Grande">Ferrière-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8re-la-Petite" title="Ferrière-la-Petite">Ferrière-la-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Flamengrie,_Nord" title="La Flamengrie, Nord">La Flamengrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaumont-Waudrechies" title="Flaumont-Waudrechies">Flaumont-Waudrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flers-en-Escrebieux" title="Flers-en-Escrebieux">Flers-en-Escrebieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flesqui%C3%A8res" title="Flesquières">Flesquières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%AAtre" title="Flêtre">Flêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flines-l%C3%A8s-Mortagne" title="Flines-lès-Mortagne">Flines-lès-Mortagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flines-lez-Raches" title="Flines-lez-Raches">Flines-lez-Raches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floursies" title="Floursies">Floursies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyon" title="Floyon">Floyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-au-Bois" title="Fontaine-au-Bois">Fontaine-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-au-Pire" title="Fontaine-au-Pire">Fontaine-au-Pire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-Notre-Dame,_Nord" title="Fontaine-Notre-Dame, Nord">Fontaine-Notre-Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Forest-en-Cambrésis">Forest-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest-sur-Marque" title="Forest-sur-Marque">Forest-sur-Marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourmies,_Nord" title="Fourmies, Nord">Fourmies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournes-en-Weppes" title="Fournes-en-Weppes">Fournes-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frasnoy" title="Frasnoy">Frasnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frelinghien" title="Frelinghien">Frelinghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes-sur-Escaut" title="Fresnes-sur-Escaut">Fresnes-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fressain" title="Fressain">Fressain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fressies" title="Fressies">Fressies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretin" title="Fretin">Fretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromelles" title="Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genech" title="Genech">Genech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghissignies" title="Ghissignies">Ghissignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghyvelde" title="Ghyvelde">Ghyvelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glageon" title="Glageon">Glageon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godewaersvelde" title="Godewaersvelde">Godewaersvelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%93ulzin" title="Gœulzin">Gœulzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gognies-Chauss%C3%A9e" title="Gognies-Chaussée">Gognies-Chaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gommegnies" title="Gommegnies">Gommegnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondecourt" title="Gondecourt">Gondecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonnelieu" title="Gonnelieu">Gonnelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gorgue" title="La Gorgue">La Gorgue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzeaucourt" title="Gouzeaucourt">Gouzeaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande-Synthe" title="Grande-Synthe">Grande-Synthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Fayt" title="Grand-Fayt">Grand-Fayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Fort-Philippe" title="Grand-Fort-Philippe">Grand-Fort-Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Groise" title="La Groise">La Groise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruson" title="Gruson">Gruson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guesnain" title="Guesnain">Guesnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussignies" title="Gussignies">Gussignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin" title="Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin">Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halluin" title="Halluin">Halluin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamel,_Nord" title="Hamel, Nord">Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantay" title="Hantay">Hantay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardifort" title="Hardifort">Hardifort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargnies,_Nord" title="Hargnies, Nord">Hargnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasnon" title="Hasnon">Hasnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haspres" title="Haspres">Haspres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haubourdin" title="Haubourdin">Haubourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haucourt-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Haucourt-en-Cambrésis">Haucourt-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haulchin" title="Haulchin">Haulchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haussy" title="Haussy">Haussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haut-Lieu" title="Haut-Lieu">Haut-Lieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautmont" title="Hautmont">Hautmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveluy" title="Haveluy">Haveluy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverskerque" title="Haverskerque">Haverskerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haynecourt" title="Haynecourt">Haynecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazebrouck" title="Hazebrouck">Hazebrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecq" title="Hecq">Hecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lesmes" title="Hélesmes">Hélesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem,_Nord" title="Hem, Nord">Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem-Lenglet" title="Hem-Lenglet">Hem-Lenglet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hergnies" title="Hergnies">Hergnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rin" title="Hérin">Hérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herlies" title="Herlies">Herlies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrin,_Nord" title="Herrin, Nord">Herrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzeele" title="Herzeele">Herzeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestrud" title="Hestrud">Hestrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holque" title="Holque">Holque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hon-Hergies" title="Hon-Hergies">Hon-Hergies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondeghem" title="Hondeghem">Hondeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondschoote" title="Hondschoote">Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnechy" title="Honnechy">Honnechy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnecourt-sur-Escaut" title="Honnecourt-sur-Escaut">Honnecourt-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordain" title="Hordain">Hordain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornaing" title="Hornaing">Hornaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houdain-lez-Bavay" title="Houdain-lez-Bavay">Houdain-lez-Bavay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplin-Ancoisne" title="Houplin-Ancoisne">Houplin-Ancoisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houplines" title="Houplines">Houplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houtkerque" title="Houtkerque">Houtkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoymille" title="Hoymille">Hoymille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illies,_Nord" title="Illies, Nord">Illies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchy" title="Inchy">Inchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwuy" title="Iwuy">Iwuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenlain" title="Jenlain">Jenlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeumont" title="Jeumont">Jeumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolimetz" title="Jolimetz">Jolimetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killem" title="Killem">Killem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallaing" title="Lallaing">Lallaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambersart" title="Lambersart">Lambersart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambres-lez-Douai" title="Lambres-lez-Douai">Lambres-lez-Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landas" title="Landas">Landas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrecies" title="Landrecies">Landrecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lannoy,_Nord" title="Lannoy, Nord">Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larouillies" title="Larouillies">Larouillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauwin-Planque" title="Lauwin-Planque">Lauwin-Planque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecelles" title="Lecelles">Lecelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9cluse" title="Lécluse">Lécluse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lederzeele" title="Lederzeele">Lederzeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledringhem" title="Ledringhem">Ledringhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leers" title="Leers">Leers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leffrinckoucke" title="Leffrinckoucke">Leffrinckoucke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesdain" title="Lesdain">Lesdain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesquin" title="Lesquin">Lesquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leval,_Nord" title="Leval, Nord">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewarde" title="Lewarde">Lewarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lez-Fontaine" title="Lez-Fontaine">Lez-Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezennes" title="Lezennes">Lezennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liessies" title="Liessies">Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieu-Saint-Amand" title="Lieu-Saint-Amand">Lieu-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligny-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Ligny-en-Cambrésis">Ligny-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>pref</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limont-Fontaine" title="Limont-Fontaine">Limont-Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linselles" title="Linselles">Linselles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locquignol" title="Locquignol">Locquignol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loffre" title="Loffre">Loffre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lompret" title="Lompret">Lompret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Longueville" title="La Longueville">La Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looberghe" title="Looberghe">Looberghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loon-Plage" title="Loon-Plage">Loon-Plage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loos,_Nord" title="Loos, Nord">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourches" title="Lourches">Lourches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvignies-Quesnoy" title="Louvignies-Quesnoy">Louvignies-Quesnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvil" title="Louvil">Louvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvroil" title="Louvroil">Louvroil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynde" title="Lynde">Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys-lez-Lannoy" title="Lys-lez-Lannoy">Lys-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Nord" title="La Madeleine, Nord">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maing" title="Maing">Maing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairieux" title="Mairieux">Mairieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Maisnil" title="Le Maisnil">Le Maisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malincourt" title="Malincourt">Malincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbaix" title="Marbaix">Marbaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchiennes" title="Marchiennes">Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoing" title="Marcoing">Marcoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcq-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Marcq-en-Barœul">Marcq-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcq-en-Ostrevent" title="Marcq-en-Ostrevent">Marcq-en-Ostrevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maresches" title="Maresches">Maresches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maretz" title="Maretz">Maretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marly,_Nord" title="Marly, Nord">Marly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroilles,_Nord" title="Maroilles, Nord">Maroilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpent" title="Marpent">Marpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette-en-Ostrevant" title="Marquette-en-Ostrevant">Marquette-en-Ostrevant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette-lez-Lille" title="Marquette-lez-Lille">Marquette-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquillies" title="Marquillies">Marquillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masni%C3%A8res" title="Masnières">Masnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masny" title="Masny">Masny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastaing" title="Mastaing">Mastaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maubeuge" title="Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulde" title="Maulde">Maulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurois" title="Maurois">Maurois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazinghien" title="Mazinghien">Mazinghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecquignies" title="Mecquignies">Mecquignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merckeghem" title="Merckeghem">Merckeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rignies" title="Mérignies">Mérignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merris" title="Merris">Merris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merville,_Nord" title="Merville, Nord">Merville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9teren" title="Méteren">Méteren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millam" title="Millam">Millam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millonfosse" title="Millonfosse">Millonfosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%93uvres" title="Mœuvres">Mœuvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monceau-Saint-Waast" title="Monceau-Saint-Waast">Monceau-Saint-Waast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchaux-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Monchaux-sur-Écaillon">Monchaux-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncheaux" title="Moncheaux">Moncheaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchecourt" title="Monchecourt">Monchecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons-en-Bar%C5%93ul" title="Mons-en-Barœul">Mons-en-Barœul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Mons-en-Pévèle">Mons-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montay" title="Montay">Montay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Montigny-en-Cambrésis">Montigny-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-en-Ostrevent" title="Montigny-en-Ostrevent">Montigny-en-Ostrevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9court" title="Montrécourt">Montrécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morbecque" title="Morbecque">Morbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortagne-du-Nord" title="Mortagne-du-Nord">Mortagne-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouchin" title="Mouchin">Mouchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustier-en-Fagne" title="Moustier-en-Fagne">Moustier-en-Fagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvaux" title="Mouvaux">Mouvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naves,_Nord" title="Naves, Nord">Naves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf-Berquin" title="Neuf-Berquin">Neuf-Berquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf-Mesnil" title="Neuf-Mesnil">Neuf-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Neuville,_Nord" title="La Neuville, Nord">La Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Avesnois" title="Neuville-en-Avesnois">Neuville-en-Avesnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Ferrain" title="Neuville-en-Ferrain">Neuville-en-Ferrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-Saint-R%C3%A9my" title="Neuville-Saint-Rémy">Neuville-Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-sur-Escaut" title="Neuville-sur-Escaut">Neuville-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvilly" title="Neuvilly">Neuvilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieppe" title="Nieppe">Nieppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niergnies" title="Niergnies">Niergnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieurlet" title="Nieurlet">Nieurlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle" title="Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomain" title="Nomain">Nomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordpeene" title="Noordpeene">Noordpeene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-l%C3%A8s-Seclin" title="Noyelles-lès-Seclin">Noyelles-lès-Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Escaut" title="Noyelles-sur-Escaut">Noyelles-sur-Escaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Sambre" title="Noyelles-sur-Sambre">Noyelles-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyelles-sur-Selle" title="Noyelles-sur-Selle">Noyelles-sur-Selle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obies" title="Obies">Obies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrechies" title="Obrechies">Obrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochtezeele" title="Ochtezeele">Ochtezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odomez" title="Odomez">Odomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohain,_Nord" title="Ohain, Nord">Ohain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oisy,_Nord" title="Oisy, Nord">Oisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnaing" title="Onnaing">Onnaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oost-Cappel" title="Oost-Cappel">Oost-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ors" title="Ors">Ors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsinval" title="Orsinval">Orsinval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostricourt" title="Ostricourt">Ostricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudezeele" title="Oudezeele">Oudezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxela%C3%ABre" title="Oxelaëre">Oxelaëre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paillencourt" title="Paillencourt">Paillencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecquencourt" title="Pecquencourt">Pecquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9renchies" title="Pérenchies">Pérenchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Péronne-en-Mélantois">Péronne-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Fayt" title="Petit-Fayt">Petit-Fayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petite-For%C3%AAt" title="Petite-Forêt">Petite-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalempin" title="Phalempin">Phalempin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitgam" title="Pitgam">Pitgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poix-du-Nord" title="Poix-du-Nord">Poix-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommereuil" title="Pommereuil">Pommereuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-%C3%A0-Marcq" title="Pont-à-Marcq">Pont-à-Marcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-sur-Sambre" title="Pont-sur-Sambre">Pont-sur-Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potelle" title="Potelle">Potelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradelles,_Nord" title="Pradelles, Nord">Pradelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mesques" title="Prémesques">Prémesques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9seau" title="Préseau">Préseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preux-au-Bois" title="Preux-au-Bois">Preux-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preux-au-Sart" title="Preux-au-Sart">Preux-au-Sart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisches" title="Prisches">Prisches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prouvy" title="Prouvy">Prouvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proville" title="Proville">Proville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provin" title="Provin">Provin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qua%C3%ABdypre" title="Quaëdypre">Quaëdypre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarouble" title="Quarouble">Quarouble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9naing" title="Quérénaing">Quérénaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Quesnoy" title="Le Quesnoy">Le Quesnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesnoy-sur-De%C3%BBle" title="Quesnoy-sur-Deûle">Quesnoy-sur-Deûle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9velon" title="Quiévelon">Quiévelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9vrechain" title="Quiévrechain">Quiévrechain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A9vy" title="Quiévy">Quiévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ches" title="Râches">Râches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radinghem-en-Weppes" title="Radinghem-en-Weppes">Radinghem-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle" title="Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle">Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbeaucourt" title="Raimbeaucourt">Raimbeaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainsars" title="Rainsars">Rainsars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raismes" title="Raismes">Raismes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramillies,_Nord" title="Ramillies, Nord">Ramillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramousies" title="Ramousies">Ramousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raucourt-au-Bois" title="Raucourt-au-Bois">Raucourt-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recquignies" title="Recquignies">Recquignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejet-de-Beaulieu" title="Rejet-de-Beaulieu">Rejet-de-Beaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renescure" title="Renescure">Renescure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reumont" title="Reumont">Reumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexpo%C3%ABde" title="Rexpoëde">Rexpoëde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib%C3%A9court-la-Tour" title="Ribécourt-la-Tour">Ribécourt-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieulay" title="Rieulay">Rieulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieux-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Rieux-en-Cambrésis">Rieux-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robersart" title="Robersart">Robersart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%93ulx" title="Rœulx">Rœulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombies-et-Marchipont" title="Rombies-et-Marchipont">Rombies-et-Marchipont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeries" title="Romeries">Romeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronchin" title="Ronchin">Ronchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncq" title="Roncq">Roncq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roost-Warendin" title="Roost-Warendin">Roost-Warendin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosult" title="Rosult">Rosult</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roucourt,_Nord" title="Roucourt, Nord">Roucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousies" title="Rousies">Rousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvignies" title="Rouvignies">Rouvignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubrouck" title="Rubrouck">Rubrouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Rues-des-Vignes" title="Les Rues-des-Vignes">Les Rues-des-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruesnes" title="Ruesnes">Ruesnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumegies" title="Rumegies">Rumegies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumilly-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Rumilly-en-Cambrésis">Rumilly-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-lez-Cambrai" title="Sailly-lez-Cambrai">Sailly-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailly-lez-Lannoy" title="Sailly-lez-Lannoy">Sailly-lez-Lannoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-M%C3%A9lantois" title="Sainghin-en-Mélantois">Sainghin-en-Mélantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainghin-en-Weppes" title="Sainghin-en-Weppes">Sainghin-en-Weppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sains-du-Nord" title="Sains-du-Nord">Sains-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux" title="Saint-Amand-les-Eaux">Saint-Amand-les-Eaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-lez-Lille" title="Saint-André-lez-Lille">Saint-André-lez-Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubert,_Nord" title="Saint-Aubert, Nord">Saint-Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin,_Nord" title="Saint-Aubin, Nord">Saint-Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aybert" title="Saint-Aybert">Saint-Aybert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Benin" title="Saint-Benin">Saint-Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-Cappel" title="Sainte-Marie-Cappel">Sainte-Marie-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-sur-l%27Aa" title="Saint-Georges-sur-l'Aa">Saint-Georges-sur-l'Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai" title="Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai">Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe" title="Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe">Saint-Hilaire-sur-Helpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jans-Cappel" title="Saint-Jans-Cappel">Saint-Jans-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Saint-Martin-sur-Écaillon">Saint-Martin-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Momelin" title="Saint-Momelin">Saint-Momelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-Brouck" title="Saint-Pierre-Brouck">Saint-Pierre-Brouck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Python" title="Saint-Python">Saint-Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Remy-Chauss%C3%A9e" title="Saint-Remy-Chaussée">Saint-Remy-Chaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Remy-du-Nord" title="Saint-Remy-du-Nord">Saint-Remy-du-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saulve" title="Saint-Saulve">Saint-Saulve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Souplet" title="Saint-Souplet">Saint-Souplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel" title="Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel">Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-en-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Saint-Vaast-en-Cambrésis">Saint-Vaast-en-Cambrésis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Waast" title="Saint-Waast">Saint-Waast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesches" title="Salesches">Salesches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9,_Nord" title="Salomé, Nord">Salomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A9on" title="Saméon">Saméon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancourt,_Nord" title="Sancourt, Nord">Sancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santes" title="Santes">Santes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sars-et-Rosi%C3%A8res" title="Sars-et-Rosières">Sars-et-Rosières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sars-Poteries" title="Sars-Poteries">Sars-Poteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassegnies" title="Sassegnies">Sassegnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saultain" title="Saultain">Saultain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulzoir" title="Saulzoir">Saulzoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebourg" title="Sebourg">Sebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seclin" title="Seclin">Seclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9meries" title="Sémeries">Sémeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semousies" title="Semousies">Semousies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sentinelle" title="La Sentinelle">La Sentinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepmeries" title="Sepmeries">Sepmeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequedin" title="Sequedin">Sequedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ranvillers-Forenville" title="Séranvillers-Forenville">Séranvillers-Forenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercus" title="Sercus">Sercus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-le-Noble" title="Sin-le-Noble">Sin-le-Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socx" title="Socx">Socx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solesmes,_Nord" title="Solesmes, Nord">Solesmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solre-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Solre-le-Château">Solre-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solrinnes" title="Solrinnes">Solrinnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somain,_Nord" title="Somain, Nord">Somain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommaing" title="Sommaing">Sommaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spycker" title="Spycker">Spycker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple,_Nord" title="Staple, Nord">Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenbecque" title="Steenbecque">Steenbecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steene" title="Steene">Steene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenvoorde" title="Steenvoorde">Steenvoorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenwerck" title="Steenwerck">Steenwerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strazeele" title="Strazeele">Strazeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisni%C3%A8res-en-Thi%C3%A9rache" title="Taisnières-en-Thiérache">Taisnières-en-Thiérache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisni%C3%A8res-sur-Hon" title="Taisnières-sur-Hon">Taisnières-sur-Hon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templemars" title="Templemars">Templemars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templeuve-en-P%C3%A9v%C3%A8le" title="Templeuve-en-Pévèle">Templeuve-en-Pévèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terdeghem" title="Terdeghem">Terdeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9teghem-Coudekerque-Village" title="Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village">Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiant" title="Thiant">Thiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiennes" title="Thiennes">Thiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thivencelle" title="Thivencelle">Thivencelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumeries" title="Thumeries">Thumeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Thun-l'Évêque">Thun-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-Saint-Amand" title="Thun-Saint-Amand">Thun-Saint-Amand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thun-Saint-Martin" title="Thun-Saint-Martin">Thun-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilloy-lez-Cambrai" title="Tilloy-lez-Cambrai">Tilloy-lez-Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes" title="Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes">Tilloy-lez-Marchiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toufflers" title="Toufflers">Toufflers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourcoing" title="Tourcoing">Tourcoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmignies" title="Tourmignies">Tourmignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9lon" title="Trélon">Trélon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tressin" title="Tressin">Tressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trith-Saint-L%C3%A9ger" title="Trith-Saint-Léger">Trith-Saint-Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troisvilles" title="Troisvilles">Troisvilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxem" title="Uxem">Uxem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendegies-au-Bois" title="Vendegies-au-Bois">Vendegies-au-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendegies-sur-%C3%89caillon" title="Vendegies-sur-Écaillon">Vendegies-sur-Écaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendeville" title="Vendeville">Vendeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verchain-Maugr%C3%A9" title="Verchain-Maugré">Verchain-Maugré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlinghem" title="Verlinghem">Verlinghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertain" title="Vertain">Vertain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicq,_Nord" title="Vicq, Nord">Vicq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viesly" title="Viesly">Viesly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Berquin" title="Vieux-Berquin">Vieux-Berquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Cond%C3%A9" title="Vieux-Condé">Vieux-Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Mesnil" title="Vieux-Mesnil">Vieux-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Reng" title="Vieux-Reng">Vieux-Reng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq" title="Villeneuve-d'Ascq">Villeneuve-d'Ascq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villereau,_Nord" title="Villereau, Nord">Villereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-au-Tertre" title="Villers-au-Tertre">Villers-au-Tertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Villers-en-Cauchies">Villers-en-Cauchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Guislain" title="Villers-Guislain">Villers-Guislain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Outr%C3%A9aux" title="Villers-Outréaux">Villers-Outréaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Plouich" title="Villers-Plouich">Villers-Plouich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Pol" title="Villers-Pol">Villers-Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-Sire-Nicole" title="Villers-Sire-Nicole">Villers-Sire-Nicole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volckerinckhove" title="Volckerinckhove">Volckerinckhove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vred" title="Vred">Vred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahagnies" title="Wahagnies">Wahagnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walincourt-Selvigny" title="Walincourt-Selvigny">Walincourt-Selvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallers" title="Wallers">Wallers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallers-en-Fagne" title="Wallers-en-Fagne">Wallers-en-Fagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallon-Cappel" title="Wallon-Cappel">Wallon-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambaix" title="Wambaix">Wambaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambrechies" title="Wambrechies">Wambrechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandignies-Hamage" title="Wandignies-Hamage">Wandignies-Hamage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wannehain" title="Wannehain">Wannehain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargnies-le-Grand" title="Wargnies-le-Grand">Wargnies-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargnies-le-Petit" title="Wargnies-le-Petit">Wargnies-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warhem" title="Warhem">Warhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlaing" title="Warlaing">Warlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warneton" title="Warneton">Warneton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasnes-au-Bac" title="Wasnes-au-Bac">Wasnes-au-Bac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasquehal" title="Wasquehal">Wasquehal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watten,_Nord" title="Watten, Nord">Watten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattignies" title="Wattignies">Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattignies-la-Victoire" title="Wattignies-la-Victoire">Wattignies-la-Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattrelos" title="Wattrelos">Wattrelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrechain-sous-Denain" title="Wavrechain-sous-Denain">Wavrechain-sous-Denain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrechain-sous-Faulx" title="Wavrechain-sous-Faulx">Wavrechain-sous-Faulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrin" title="Wavrin">Wavrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziers" title="Waziers">Waziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemaers-Cappel" title="Wemaers-Cappel">Wemaers-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wervicq-Sud" title="Wervicq-Sud">Wervicq-Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West-Cappel" title="West-Cappel">West-Cappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicres" title="Wicres">Wicres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wignehies" title="Wignehies">Wignehies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willems,_Nord" title="Willems, Nord">Willems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willies,_Nord" title="Willies, Nord">Willies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnezeele" title="Winnezeele">Winnezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormhout" title="Wormhout">Wormhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulverdinghe" title="Wulverdinghe">Wulverdinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylder" title="Wylder">Wylder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zegerscappel" title="Zegerscappel">Zegerscappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zermezeele" title="Zermezeele">Zermezeele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuydcoote" title="Zuydcoote">Zuydcoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuytpeene" title="Zuytpeene">Zuytpeene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>pref: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li>subpr: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34001#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34001#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34001#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123250289">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146592537">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1215167/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpyptCvfw7yfyP7mC6h73">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117125-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026555409">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045019">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&oldid=1255238750">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roubaix&oldid=1255238750</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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