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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mineralogia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 89 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86" title="علم المعادن — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم المعادن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تامعدنيت — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تامعدنيت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralox%C3%ADa" title="Mineraloxía — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mineraloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogiya" title="Mineralogiya — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mineralogiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralohiya" title="Mineralohiya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mineralohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мінералогія — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мінералогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мінэралёгія — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мінэралёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="သတ္တုဗေဒ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သတ္တုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mineralogija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%8Dng-%C5%ADk-h%C5%8Fk" title="Kuōng-ŭk-hŏk — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kuōng-ŭk-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwynyddiaeth" title="Mwynyddiaeth — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwynyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ορυκτολογία — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ορυκτολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mineralogy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogio" title="Mineralogio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mineralogio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralog%C3%ADa" title="Mineralogía — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mineralogía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraloogia" title="Mineraloogia — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mineraloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کانی‌شناسی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانی‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min%C3%A9ralogie" title="Minéralogie — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Minéralogie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianreola%C3%ADocht" title="Mianreolaíocht — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianreolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralox%C3%ADa" title="Mineraloxía — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mineraloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="מינרלוגיה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינרלוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="खनिज विज्ञान — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनिज विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mineralogija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sv%C3%A1nytan" title="Ásványtan — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ásványtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Միներալոգիա — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միներալոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogio" title="Mineralogio — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mineralogio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steindafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Steindafræði — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steindafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="鉱物学 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მინერალოგია — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინერალოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖನಿಜ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖನಿಜ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="광물학 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEneroloj%C3%AE" title="Mînerolojî — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mînerolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mineralogija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralo%C4%A3ija" title="Mineraloģija — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mineraloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Минералогија — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минералогија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ധാതുവിജ്ഞാനീയം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ധാതുവിജ്ഞാനീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Эрдэс судлал — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрдэс судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="သတ္တုဗေဒ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Mineralogia — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mineralogia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="کانپوهنه — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کانپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogie" title="Mineralogie — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mineralogie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Минералогия — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Минералогия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mineralogija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mineralogy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%C3%B3gia" title="Mineralógia — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mineralógia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogija" title="Mineralogija — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineralogija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogjia" title="Mineralogjia — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mineralogjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Минералогија — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минералогија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogi" title="Mineralogi — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mineralogi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimu_madini" title="Elimu madini — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elimu madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Минералшиносӣ — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Минералшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="วิทยาแร่ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralohiya" title="Mineralohiya — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mineralohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineroloji" title="Mineroloji — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mineroloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мінералогія — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінералогія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogiya" title="Mineralogiya — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mineralogiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khoáng vật học — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoáng vật học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralohiya" title="Mineralohiya — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mineralohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="矿物学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="矿物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2ng-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Khòng-bu̍t-ha̍k — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="礦物學 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83353#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mineralogia" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Mineralogia" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> 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[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Mineralogia">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Mineralogia&oq=Mineralogia">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Mineralogia">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Mineralogia">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Julho de 2022</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/220px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/330px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/440px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a><figcaption>Um policristal de <a href="/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo">quartzo</a>, um dos <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerais</a> mais comuns na <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mineralogia</b> (em textos antigos por vezes referida por <b>orictognosia</b>) é a ciência que se dedica ao estudo da <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>, das estruturas <a href="/wiki/Estrutura_molecular" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrutura molecular">molecular</a> e <a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">cristalina</a> e das propriedades físicas (incluindo <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica">ópticas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica" title="Mecânica">mecânicas</a>) dos <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerais</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-collins_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> bem como a sua gênese, metamorfismo, evolução química e meteorização. A mineralogia começou por ter um carácter marcadamente <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">taxonómico</a>, isto é, baseada na nomenclatura e classificação dos minerais, mas evoluiu para o campo da física aplicada, tendo hoje grande peso as áreas da <a href="/wiki/Cristalografia" title="Cristalografia">cristalografia</a>, da óptica, da simulação matemática e da nano-mecânica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificação"><span id="Classifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Classificação</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Classificação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Classificação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existem duas classificações gerais para os estudos mineralógicos: mineralogia macroscópica e mineralogia microscópica. A mineralogia macroscópica, baseia-se nas propriedades físicas, ópticas e químicas dos minerais de um ângulo macroscópico. Ou seja, sem o auxílio de ferramentas ópticas de grande escala, como o microscópio, por exemplo. Ao contrário da mineralogia macroscópica, a mineralogia microscópica utiliza diversas ferramentas e técnicas impossíveis de serem feitas ao olho nu para a identificação, classificação e estudos dos minerais. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg/220px-ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg/330px-ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg/440px-ZEISS_Stemi_DV4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>ZEISS Stemi DV4 - Um estéreomicroscópio bastante utilizado na mineralogia macroscópica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg/220px-Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg/330px-Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg/440px-Goe_SEM_students_working2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2788" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>Goe SEM students working2 - Microscópio eletrônico de varredura utilizado na mineralogia microscópica</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História_e_evolução_da_mineralogia"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria_e_evolu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_da_mineralogia"></span>História e evolução da mineralogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: História e evolução da mineralogia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História e evolução da mineralogia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mineralogia enquanto ciência surgiu por diferenciação no seio daquilo que se designou, desde o <a href="/wiki/Renascimento" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a> até ao início do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a>, por <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_natural" title="História natural">história natural</a>. Os minerais eram vistos como parte dos <i>produtos da natureza</i>, e a sua diversidade, e o conhecimento de que eram os blocos constituintes das rochas e minerais, levou a que considerável esforço fosse dedicado à sua colecção, catalogação e nomenclatura, seguindo de perto os esforços taxonómicos desencadeados nos diversos ramos da <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">Biologia</a>. Até <a href="/wiki/8_de_agosto" title="8 de agosto">8 de agosto</a> de 2020 de 2018, havia 5617 minerais sendo 208 produzidos por atividades humanas, onde 29 são <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">minerais carboníferos</a>.<span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde julho de 2022." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p><p>A primeira abordagem científica autónoma da mineralogia surgiu com <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Bauer">Georg Bauer</a> (1490-1555), um <a href="/wiki/Humanista" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanista">humanista</a> e homem de ciência da <a href="/wiki/Sax%C3%B3nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxónia">Saxónia</a>, que latinizou o seu nome para <a href="/wiki/Georg_Agricola" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Agricola">Georg Agricola</a>, que a partir da observação dos produtos da mineração alemã, iniciou a sistematização do conhecimento dos minerais. É por isso justamente conhecido pelo <i>pai da mineralogia</i>. </p><p>O passo seguinte deu-se com os avanços na cristalografia, nos quais assume particular relevo o postulado dos índices racionais por <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Just_Ha%C3%BCy" title="René Just Haüy">René Just Haüy</a> e todos os desenvolvimentos teóricos que esta descoberta desencadeou. </p><p>Mais recentemente, devido à disponibilidade de técnicas que permitem estudar a estrutura atómica dos materiais, tais como a <a href="/wiki/Difrac%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_neutr%C3%B5es" class="mw-redirect" title="Difracção de neutrões">difracção de neutrões</a>, e de capacidade de cálculo automático que permite a simulação dos processos atómicos e do comportamento físico dos cristais, a mineralogia abandonou a sua visão puramente taxonómica e cristalográfica, para se diversificar em múltiplas áreas da <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">Química</a> e da <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a>, com destaque para os campos vulgarmente designados por <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_dos_materiais" title="Ciência dos materiais">ciência dos materiais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A2nica" title="Química inorgânica">química inorgânica</a> e <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_do_estado_s%C3%B3lido" title="Física do estado sólido">física do estado sólido</a>. </p><p>Mantém contudo o seu centro de interesse em torno das estruturas cristalinas mais comuns nos minerais que formam as rochas (com destaque para os <a href="/wiki/Silicato" title="Silicato">silicatos</a> mais comuns, as <a href="/wiki/Argila" title="Argila">argilas</a> e as <a href="/wiki/Perovskite" class="mw-redirect" title="Perovskite">perovskites</a> e minerais similares). </p><p>Um campo que tem registado grandes avanços é a compreensão da relação entre as estruturas cristalinas à escala atómica dos minerais e as suas características físicas e função na composição das rochas e nos processos de litificação. </p><p>Tal compreensão tem levado à determinação precisa das propriedades elásticas e de resistência à degradação dos minerais, o que por sua vez tem permitido uma melhor compreensão do comportamento mecânico das rochas, com impacte sobre o estudo do mecanismo focal dos sismos e sobre a propagação das <a href="/wiki/Ondas_s%C3%ADsmicas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ondas sísmicas">ondas sísmicas</a>. Essa mesma compreensão permitiu reinterpretar a informação <a href="/wiki/Tomografia" title="Tomografia">tomográfica</a> obtida com os sismos sobre o interior da <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>, redefinindo o conhecimento sobre o <a href="/wiki/Manto" title="Manto">manto</a>, o <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_(geologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Núcleo (geologia)">núcleo</a> e outras estruturas do interior do planeta. </p><p>Neste aspecto, ao focar a atividade da mineralogia no estudo da relação entre os fenômenos à escala atômica dos minerais e as propriedades macroscópicas das rochas que estes constituem, as <i>ciências minerais</i> (<i>mineral science</i>), como agora são chamadas, aproximam-se cada vez mais da ciência dos materiais, especializando-se nos materiais silicatados, os mais abundantes constituintes do planeta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_minerais" title="Lista de minerais">Lista de minerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_dos_solos" title="Mecânica dos solos">Mecânica dos solos</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mineralogy">«Mineralogy»</a>. <i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.atitle=Mineralogy&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dmineralogy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collins-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-collins_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mineralogy">«Mineralogy»</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>. HarperCollins Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.atitle=Mineralogy&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fmineralogy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralogia&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mineralogy?uselang=pt">Mineralogia</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ima-mineralogy.org/">«Págna oficial da International Mineralogical Association (IMA).»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.btitle=P%C3%A1gna+oficial+da+International+Mineralogical+Association+%28IMA%29.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ima-mineralogy.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/index.php">«Base de dados pública sobre mineralogia da MINDAT.»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.btitle=Base+de+dados+p%C3%BAblica+sobre+mineralogia+da+MINDAT.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Findex.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de/links.html">«Links for Mineralogists»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.btitle=Links+for+Mineralogists&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de%2Flinks.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br">«Serviço Geológico do Brasil/CPRM»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.btitle=Servi%C3%A7o+Geol%C3%B3gico+do+Brasil%2FCPRM&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cprm.gov.br&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redegeochronos.gov.br">«RedeGeochronos - Rede Nacional de Estudos Geocronológicos,Geodinâmicos e Ambientais»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMineralogia&rft.btitle=RedeGeochronos+-+Rede+Nacional+de+Estudos+Geocronol%C3%B3gicos%2CGeodin%C3%A2micos+e+Ambientais&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redegeochronos.gov.br&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a 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