CINXE.COM
Alfred P. Sloan Jr.
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<![endif]--> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://sloan.org/themes/sloan/assets/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://sloan.org/themes/sloan/assets/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#003c5b"> <!-- Static Twitter Card tags --> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Alfred P. Sloan Jr. | Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" /> <!-- Dynamic Twitter Card tags --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://sloan.org/storage/app/media/Web-Meta-Default3.png" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Our mission is to make the world a better place through the advancement of scientific knowledge." /> <!-- Static Facebook Open Graph tags --> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sloan.org/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Alfred P. Sloan Jr. | Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" /> <!-- Dynamic Facebook Open Graph tags --> <meta property="og:description" content="Our mission is to make the world a better place through the advancement of scientific knowledge." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sloan.org/storage/app/media/Web-Meta-Default3.png" /> <!-- Basic Meta tags --> <meta name="description" content="Our mission is to make the world a better place through the advancement of scientific knowledge."> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { function trackIt() { _gaq.push(['_trackEvent','Download','PDF',this.href]); } var anchors = document.getElementsByTagName("a"); for (var i=0; i < anchors.length; i++) { if (anchors[i].href.indexOf(".pdf") !== -1) { anchors[i].addEventListener('click', trackIt); } } }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://sloan.org/plugins/offline/gdpr/assets/cookieBanner/banner.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/sloan-theme.66fcb687.css"> </head> <body class="scheme-s0"> <div id="gdpr-reload"> </div> <header class="site-header "> <div class="container"> <button class="header-hamburger" data-toggle-trigger="hamburger"> <span>Menu</span> </button> <a class="logo-type logo-type--interior" href="/" aria-label="Back to home"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 696 154.842" width="348" height="77.41"> <defs> <style> .logo-type-center-horizontal-fill { fill: #fff } </style> </defs> <path class="logo-type-center-horizontal-fill" d="M18.375 143.682c-1.186-2.957-2.526-6.386-4.134-10.369-1.455 3.628-2.833 7.098-4.173 10.37zm11.256 10.568a91.997 91.997 0 0 0-5.015-.118c-1.952 0-3.483 0-4.633.118v-.197c1.111-.395 1.417-.907 1.417-1.696a7.203 7.203 0 0 0-.574-2.444c-.382-.947-.766-1.972-1.225-3.075H8.805c-.307.827-.65 1.615-.957 2.404a9.589 9.589 0 0 0-.805 2.997 1.676 1.676 0 0 0 1.455 1.814v.197c-1.455-.118-3.177-.118-4.44-.118-1.226 0-2.91.04-4.058.118v-.197c1.301-.553 1.875-1.144 3.406-4.692 6.74-15.338 8.27-18.886 10.031-23.264h3.331c1.11 3.156 3.904 9.938 9.84 24.012 1.147 2.722 1.607 3.432 3.023 3.944zM42.568 148.573c0 1.616.612 2.287 2.986 2.287 4.402 0 5.781-.947 7.657-4.18l.191.118a62.183 62.183 0 0 0-1.417 7.49c-3.444-.116-7.618-.155-10.604-.155-1.99 0-5.09.039-6.815.118v-.197c2.145-.75 2.49-1.301 2.49-8.557v-10.291c0-7.254-.345-7.807-2.49-8.516v-.197c1.724.079 3.255.118 5.245.118 1.991 0 3.56-.04 5.437-.118v.197c-2.373.709-2.68 1.064-2.68 7.57zM69.942 154.25a121.014 121.014 0 0 0-5.437-.118c-1.99 0-3.522.04-5.245.118v-.197c2.145-.749 2.489-1.3 2.489-8.557v-10.29c0-7.254-.344-7.807-2.49-8.517v-.196c1.724.078 3.906.117 5.897.117 5.398 0 8.652-.079 12.02-.276a61.07 61.07 0 0 0 .154 7.058l-.19.04c-1.111-2.918-2.451-3.589-7.198-3.589a17.658 17.658 0 0 0-2.68.12v8.871l3.599-.119c3.56-.157 4.287-.552 4.862-2.169h.23a36.258 36.258 0 0 0-.154 3.747 32.206 32.206 0 0 0 .154 3.705h-.23c-.575-1.656-1.341-2.01-4.862-2.128l-3.6-.119v4.692c0 6.506.308 6.861 2.68 7.61zM91.799 140.174h1.609c3.712 0 6.432-1.498 6.432-5.244 0-3.47-2.222-5.204-6.241-5.204a15.22 15.22 0 0 0-1.8.117zm2.719 14.076a121.492 121.492 0 0 0-5.475-.118c-1.991 0-3.484.04-5.207.118v-.197c2.145-.749 2.489-1.3 2.489-8.557v-10.29c0-7.254-.344-7.807-2.49-8.517v-.196c1.724.078 3.026.117 5.017.117 1.378 0 3.444-.158 5.78-.158 7.274 0 10.988 2.997 10.988 7.848 0 3.863-2.565 5.914-5.475 7.057 2.527 6.15 6.317 10.961 9.877 12.617l-.076.236c-6.241-.827-11.984-3.154-15.351-11.355a18.396 18.396 0 0 1-1.992.118h-.804v3.47c0 6.31.345 6.861 2.719 7.61zM131.536 154.289c-3.523-.118-8.423-.156-11.485-.156-2.03 0-4.517.038-6.241.117v-.196c2.145-.75 2.489-1.302 2.489-8.557v-10.291c0-7.254-.344-7.807-2.49-8.516v-.197c1.725.079 3.905.118 5.897.118 5.666 0 8.92-.08 12.405-.276a60.138 60.138 0 0 0 .19 7.057l-.19.041c-1.111-2.919-2.49-3.59-7.772-3.59a20.181 20.181 0 0 0-2.527.119v8.281l4.134-.118c3.56-.119 4.25-.513 4.862-2.13h.23a35.539 35.539 0 0 0-.153 3.707 33.97 33.97 0 0 0 .153 3.745h-.23c-.612-1.696-1.378-2.051-4.862-2.168l-4.134-.079v7.373c0 1.616.574 2.286 3.1 2.286 4.327 0 5.935-.946 7.81-3.982l.192.119a68.927 68.927 0 0 0-1.378 7.293M157.797 133.117a11.599 11.599 0 0 0-8.461-3.273 9.857 9.857 0 0 0-1.952.119v18.649c0 1.775.65 2.406 3.714 2.406 5.475 0 9.34-3.431 9.34-10.015 0-3.51-.956-6.112-2.641-7.886m-18.415 20.937c2.145-.75 2.489-1.301 2.489-8.557v-10.29c0-7.255-.344-7.808-2.49-8.517v-.197c1.725.079 3.217.118 4.596.118 1.837 0 3.598-.158 5.32-.158 5.744 0 10.338 1.499 13.554 4.81a13.12 13.12 0 0 1 3.522 9.385c0 8.004-5.514 13.76-16.003 13.76-2.183 0-4.403-.275-6.393-.275-1.456 0-2.871.039-4.595.118zM192.618 140.214h1.34c2.564 0 4.517-.513 5.59-1.656a5.066 5.066 0 0 0 1.224-3.589c0-3.705-2.45-5.243-6.087-5.243-.804 0-1.569.078-2.067.117zm2.68 14.036a121.014 121.014 0 0 0-5.437-.118c-1.99 0-3.522.04-5.245.118v-.197c2.145-.749 2.49-1.3 2.49-8.557v-10.29c0-7.254-.345-7.807-2.49-8.517v-.196c1.723.078 3.255.117 5.245.117 1.302 0 3.292-.158 5.321-.158 6.815 0 11.41 2.84 11.41 8.203a7.231 7.231 0 0 1-2.03 5.322c-2.143 2.248-5.819 3.312-10.106 3.312h-1.838v3.55c0 5.913.306 6.465 2.68 7.214zM210.525 154.644a3.233 3.233 0 1 1 3.216-3.233 3.183 3.183 0 0 1-3.216 3.233M241.29 154.802a17.987 17.987 0 0 1-8.385-2.01 54.751 54.751 0 0 0-.039-7.61l.192-.04c1.723 3.825 5.053 6.269 8.384 6.269 2.412 0 4.29-1.536 4.29-3.942 0-2.051-1.188-3.312-5.246-5.165-5.093-2.405-7.199-4.653-7.199-8.4 0-4.454 3.6-7.962 9.19-7.962a16.255 16.255 0 0 1 7.35 1.812 48.864 48.864 0 0 0 0 7.098l-.192.039c-1.838-3.548-4.555-5.56-7.389-5.56a3.376 3.376 0 0 0-3.522 3.43c0 1.933.995 2.918 4.94 4.732 5.206 2.485 7.503 4.77 7.503 8.713 0 5.087-3.982 8.596-9.878 8.596M265.712 148.573c0 1.616.612 2.287 2.986 2.287 4.402 0 5.782-.947 7.657-4.18l.19.118a62.378 62.378 0 0 0-1.416 7.49c-3.444-.116-7.618-.155-10.604-.155-1.991 0-5.091.039-6.815.118v-.197c2.145-.75 2.489-1.301 2.489-8.557v-10.291c0-7.254-.344-7.807-2.49-8.516v-.197c1.725.079 3.256.118 5.246.118 1.992 0 3.56-.04 5.437-.118v.197c-2.373.709-2.68 1.064-2.68 7.57zM287.953 140.016c0 6.427 3.37 11.237 8.69 11.237 5.055 0 8.424-4.534 8.424-10.528 0-6.425-3.37-11.236-8.691-11.236-5.091 0-8.423 4.495-8.423 10.527m-5.971.355a14.214 14.214 0 0 1 14.585-14.47c8.69 0 14.434 6.506 14.434 14.47a14.193 14.193 0 0 1-14.585 14.471c-8.653 0-14.434-6.506-14.434-14.47M332.324 143.682c-1.187-2.957-2.527-6.386-4.135-10.369-1.455 3.628-2.832 7.098-4.173 10.37zm11.255 10.568a91.997 91.997 0 0 0-5.015-.118c-1.952 0-3.483 0-4.632.118v-.197c1.11-.395 1.416-.907 1.416-1.696a7.203 7.203 0 0 0-.574-2.444c-.382-.947-.766-1.972-1.224-3.075h-10.797c-.307.827-.651 1.615-.957 2.404a9.581 9.581 0 0 0-.804 2.997 1.675 1.675 0 0 0 1.454 1.814v.197c-1.454-.118-3.177-.118-4.44-.118-1.226 0-2.91.04-4.058.118v-.197c1.3-.553 1.875-1.144 3.407-4.692 6.738-15.338 8.269-18.886 10.03-23.264h3.33c1.11 3.156 3.905 9.938 9.84 24.012 1.148 2.722 1.609 3.432 3.024 3.944zM373.4 154.447h-3.025a43.77 43.77 0 0 0-3.445-5.047l-11.831-15.179.04 11.709c0 6.861.38 7.413 2.64 8.124v.196a107.732 107.732 0 0 0-4.746-.117c-1.608 0-2.757.038-4.556.117v-.196c2.106-.711 2.45-1.421 2.45-9.07l.038-9.423c0-7.491-.306-8.122-2.488-8.871v-.197c1.685.079 2.756.158 4.44.158a21.746 21.746 0 0 0 3.292-.198c.384.632 1.149 1.696 1.953 2.76 1.57 2.09 8.04 10.41 11.294 14.589l-.037-9.068c0-6.861-.384-7.335-2.643-8.044v-.197c1.953.079 3.332.118 4.9.118a88.63 88.63 0 0 0 4.403-.118v.197c-2.104.709-2.374 1.341-2.488 9.266zM408.086 154.233a121.014 121.014 0 0 0-5.437-.118c-1.99 0-3.522.04-5.245.118v-.197c2.145-.749 2.489-1.3 2.489-8.557v-10.29c0-7.255-.344-7.807-2.49-8.517v-.197c1.724.08 3.906.118 5.897.118 5.398 0 8.652-.079 12.02-.276a61.072 61.072 0 0 0 .154 7.058l-.19.04c-1.111-2.918-2.451-3.589-7.198-3.589a17.659 17.659 0 0 0-2.68.12v8.871l3.599-.119c3.56-.157 4.287-.552 4.862-2.169h.23a36.23 36.23 0 0 0-.154 3.745 32.222 32.222 0 0 0 .154 3.707h-.23c-.575-1.656-1.341-2.01-4.862-2.128l-3.6-.119v4.692c0 6.506.308 6.861 2.68 7.61zM427.882 139.999c0 6.428 3.369 11.237 8.69 11.237 5.055 0 8.424-4.534 8.424-10.527 0-6.426-3.37-11.237-8.691-11.237-5.091 0-8.423 4.495-8.423 10.527m-5.971.355a14.214 14.214 0 0 1 14.585-14.47c8.69 0 14.434 6.506 14.434 14.47a14.193 14.193 0 0 1-14.585 14.47c-8.653 0-14.434-6.505-14.434-14.47M481.093 143.39c0 6.9-3.484 11.435-11.332 11.435-7.388 0-11.065-4.258-11.065-11.08v-8.556c0-7.254-.344-7.807-2.45-8.516v-.197c1.724.079 3.216.117 5.207.117 1.992 0 3.6-.038 5.437-.117v.197c-2.374.709-2.679 1.025-2.679 7.215v9.423c0 5.047 2.143 7.216 6.163 7.216 4.134 0 6.47-2.326 6.47-7.492l-.038-8.517c0-6.662-.383-7.136-2.643-7.845v-.197c1.954.079 3.446.117 5.054.117 1.571 0 2.566-.038 4.365-.117v.197c-2.068.709-2.45 1.38-2.45 9.266zM514.363 154.43h-3.025a43.664 43.664 0 0 0-3.446-5.047l-11.829-15.179.04 11.709c0 6.861.381 7.413 2.64 8.123v.197c-1.915-.079-3.216-.118-4.747-.118-1.608 0-2.757.039-4.556.118v-.197c2.105-.71 2.45-1.42 2.45-9.069l.038-9.423c0-7.491-.306-8.122-2.488-8.872v-.196c1.684.079 2.755.158 4.44.158a21.737 21.737 0 0 0 3.292-.198c.384.631 1.15 1.696 1.953 2.76 1.57 2.09 8.041 10.41 11.294 14.589l-.037-9.068c0-6.861-.384-7.335-2.643-8.045v-.196c1.952.079 3.331.117 4.9.117 1.494 0 2.681-.038 4.403-.117v.196c-2.104.71-2.374 1.342-2.488 9.267zM542.587 133.1a11.592 11.592 0 0 0-8.46-3.273 9.857 9.857 0 0 0-1.953.119v18.649c0 1.774.651 2.406 3.714 2.406 5.475 0 9.34-3.431 9.34-10.015 0-3.51-.956-6.112-2.64-7.886m-18.416 20.937c2.145-.75 2.49-1.301 2.49-8.557v-10.29c0-7.255-.345-7.807-2.49-8.517v-.197c1.724.079 3.216.118 4.595.118 1.837 0 3.598-.158 5.322-.158 5.743 0 10.336 1.499 13.552 4.81a13.121 13.121 0 0 1 3.523 9.386c0 8.003-5.514 13.76-16.004 13.76-2.183 0-4.403-.276-6.393-.276-1.456 0-2.87.038-4.595.117zM572.016 143.665c-1.187-2.957-2.527-6.387-4.135-10.369-1.454 3.628-2.832 7.098-4.173 10.37zm11.255 10.568a91.999 91.999 0 0 0-5.015-.118c-1.952 0-3.483 0-4.632.118v-.197c1.11-.395 1.416-.908 1.416-1.696a7.198 7.198 0 0 0-.574-2.444c-.382-.947-.766-1.973-1.224-3.075h-10.797c-.307.827-.65 1.615-.957 2.404a9.602 9.602 0 0 0-.804 2.997 1.676 1.676 0 0 0 1.454 1.814v.197c-1.454-.118-3.177-.118-4.44-.118-1.226 0-2.91.04-4.058.118v-.197c1.301-.553 1.876-1.143 3.407-4.692 6.738-15.339 8.27-18.886 10.031-23.264h3.33c1.11 3.156 3.905 9.938 9.84 24.012 1.147 2.722 1.608 3.432 3.023 3.944zM603.498 154.233a142.616 142.616 0 0 0-5.666-.118c-1.99 0-3.484.04-5.666.118v-.197c2.68-.789 2.91-1.026 2.91-8.004v-16.324h-1.15c-4.9.08-6.584 1.853-7.885 5.6l-.191-.04a77.057 77.057 0 0 0 .077-8.872c3.483.118 7.31.197 11.905.197s8.462-.079 11.946-.197a76.83 76.83 0 0 0 .076 8.872l-.192.04c-1.301-3.747-2.986-5.52-7.886-5.6h-1.187v16.324c0 6.978.268 7.215 2.909 8.004zM621.632 154.115c-1.99 0-3.598.04-5.283.118v-.197c2.22-.749 2.565-1.3 2.565-8.557v-10.29c0-7.255-.344-7.807-2.565-8.517v-.197c1.685.08 3.293.118 5.283.118 1.952 0 3.522-.039 5.36-.118v.197c-2.221.71-2.565 1.262-2.565 8.517v10.29c0 7.256.344 7.808 2.566 8.557v.197a117.638 117.638 0 0 0-5.361-.118M639.112 139.999c0 6.428 3.37 11.237 8.691 11.237 5.054 0 8.423-4.534 8.423-10.527 0-6.426-3.369-11.237-8.69-11.237-5.092 0-8.424 4.495-8.424 10.527m-5.97.355a14.214 14.214 0 0 1 14.585-14.47c8.69 0 14.433 6.506 14.433 14.47a14.192 14.192 0 0 1-14.585 14.47c-8.653 0-14.434-6.505-14.434-14.47M693.321 154.43h-3.025a43.8 43.8 0 0 0-3.446-5.047l-11.83-15.179.04 11.709c0 6.861.381 7.413 2.641 8.123v.197c-1.915-.079-3.216-.118-4.748-.118-1.607 0-2.757.039-4.555.118v-.197c2.105-.71 2.45-1.42 2.45-9.069l.037-9.423c0-7.491-.305-8.122-2.487-8.872v-.196c1.684.079 2.755.158 4.44.158a21.76 21.76 0 0 0 3.292-.198c.384.631 1.15 1.696 1.952 2.76 1.571 2.09 8.041 10.41 11.295 14.589l-.038-9.068c0-6.861-.383-7.335-2.642-8.045v-.196c1.952.079 3.331.117 4.9.117 1.494 0 2.681-.038 4.403-.117v.196c-2.105.71-2.374 1.342-2.488 9.267z" /> <path d="M373.981 70.447a36.762 36.762 0 0 1-2.894 2.576L319.44 21.377a35.779 35.779 0 0 1 2.57-2.9 37.007 37.007 0 0 1 2.882-2.59l51.66 51.66a36.152 36.152 0 0 1-2.57 2.9m-52.124 5.319a3.654 3.654 0 1 1 0-5.167 3.635 3.635 0 0 1 0 5.167m52.275-62.608a3.654 3.654 0 1 1 0 5.167 3.629 3.629 0 0 1 0-5.167m-42.568-1.538a36.655 36.655 0 0 1 35.836 1.67 9.78 9.78 0 1 0 4.886-6.095 44.467 44.467 0 0 0-62.86 15.11l55 54.999a36.876 36.876 0 0 1-35.837-1.672 9.78 9.78 0 1 0-4.886 6.097 44.516 44.516 0 0 0 62.87-15.101z" fill="#ad976e" /> </svg> </a> <button class="header-magnify" data-toggle-trigger="site-search"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to search the website </span> </button> </div> </header> <header class="page-header"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="page-title"> About </h1> </div> <nav class="page-navigation"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Mission </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/our-commitment-to-diversity-equity-inclusion"> Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a class="active" href="/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr"> Alfred P. Sloan Jr. </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/trustees"> Trustees </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/staff"> Staff </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/careers"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/documents"> Documents </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press Room </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <nav class="hamburger-overlay" data-toggle-el="hamburger"> <button class="close-flush" data-toggle-trigger="hamburger"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close site map</span> </button> <div class="container"> <nav class="site-map"> <div class="col"> <span id="list-1-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/programs">Programs</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-1-label"> <li class="scheme-s1"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-1-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/research">Research</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-1-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/research/economics-2">Economics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/energy-and-environment">Energy and Environment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/history-of-science-and-tech">History of Science & Technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/matter-to-life">Matter-to-Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/sloan-digital-sky-survey">Sloan Digital Sky Survey</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/small-scale-fundamental-physics">Small-Scale Fundamental Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s3"> <a href="/programs/higher-education">Higher Education</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-12-footer-nav"> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s4"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-4-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/digital-technology">Technology</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-4-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/digital-technology/better-software-for-science">Better Software for Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/digital-technology/exploratory-grantmaking-in-technology">Exploratory Grantmaking in Technology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s5"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-5-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/public-understanding">Public Understanding</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-5-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/books">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/film">Film</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/new-media">New Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/radio">Radio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/special-initiatives">Special Initiatives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/television">Television</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/theater">Theater</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s8"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-9-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/completed-programs">Completed Programs</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-9-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/anytime-anyplace-learning">Anytime, Anyplace Learning</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/barcode-of-life">Barcode of Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/biosecurity">Biosecurity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/census-of-marine-life">Census of Marine Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/chemistry-of-indoor-environments">Chemistry of Indoor Environments</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/data-and-computational-research">Data & Computational Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/deep-carbon-observatory">Deep Carbon Observatory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/encyclopedia-of-life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/industry-studies">Industry Studies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/information-about-careers-in-science-and-technology">Information about Careers in Science and Technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/municipal-governments">Making Municipal Governments More Responsive</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/microbiology-of-the-built-environment">Microbiology of the Built Environment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/outsourcing">Outsourcing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/professional-science-masters-degree">Professional Science Master's Degree</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/scholarly-communication">Scholarly Communication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/synthetic-biology">Synthetic Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/universal-access-to-knowledge">Universal Access to Knowledge</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/working-longer">Working Longer</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/workplace-workforce-working-families">Workplace, Workforce, and Working Families</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s7"> <a href="/programs/new-york-city-program">New York City Program</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-11-footer-nav"> </ul> </li> </ul> <span class="list-heading"> <a href="https://impact.sloan.org">Impact</a> </span> </div> <div class="col"> <span id="list-2-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/grants/apply">Grants</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-2-label"> <li> <a href="/grants/apply">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants/open-calls">Open Calls</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants/grantees">For Grantees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants-database">Grants Database</a> </li> </ul> <span id="list-3-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/fellowships">Sloan Research Fellowships</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-3-label"> <li> <a href="https://sloan.org/fellowships">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/apply-2">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/faq">FAQ</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/current-fellows">For Current Fellows</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellows-database">Fellows Database</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <span id="list-4-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/about">About</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-4-label"> <li> <a href="/about">Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/our-commitment-to-diversity-equity-inclusion">Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr">Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/trustees">Trustees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/staff">Staff</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/documents">Documents</a> </li> <li class="scheme-s0"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="press-room-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/about/press">Press Room</a> <ul data-height-reveal="press-room-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/about/press/press-releases">Press Releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press/grantee-news">Grantee News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press#tab-logos">Logos</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> <span class="list-heading"> <a href="/">Home</a> </span> </div> </nav> </div> </nav> <section class="search-overlay" data-toggle-el="site-search"> <button class="close-flush" data-toggle-trigger="site-search"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close search</span> </button> <div class="container"> <form class="search-form" action="/search"> <label for="search" class="screen-reader-text"> <span>Search</span> </label> <input type="text" id="search" name="q" data-autoselect-all tabindex="-1" placeholder="Search the Sloan Foundation Website" autocomplete="off" /> <input type="submit" value="Hit enter to search"> </form> </div> </section> <header class="header-fixed " data-header-fixed> <div class="container"> <button class="header-hamburger" data-toggle-trigger="hamburger"> <span>Menu</span> </button> <h1 class="page-title"> Alfred P. Sloan Jr. </h1> <button class="header-magnify" data-toggle-trigger="site-search"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to search the website </span> </button> </div> <nav class="page-navigation"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Mission </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/our-commitment-to-diversity-equity-inclusion"> Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a class="active" href="/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr"> Alfred P. Sloan Jr. </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/trustees"> Trustees </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/staff"> Staff </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/careers"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/documents"> Documents </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press Room </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <main> <div class="hero" data-qq-ignore> <div class="hero-ribbon"></div> <figure> <img src="/storage/app/media/heroes/about/cropped-images/hero _4748_ribbn_cut_sk_inst-0-116-950-500-1462896492.jpg"/> <figcaption> GMA Archive </figcaption> <div class="info-pop"> <span class="badge" data-height-toggle="i-1115">info</span> <div class="description-container" data-height-reveal="i-1115"> <div class="description scheme-light"> <p>Alfred P. Sloan Jr., center, at a ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the opening of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute. The Institute would later merge with Memorial Hospital to become Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, one of the premier cancer research and treatment facilities in the country. Though the Sloan Foundation and gifts from his personal estate, Mr. Sloan gave more than $67 million ($500 million in 2016$) in support of Sloan Kettering and the fight against cancer.</p> </div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <section class="scheme-none"> <div class="container"> <header class="section-header"> <h2>Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</h2> </header> <div class="content-container rte-content"> <p>Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr. was born in New Haven, Connecticut, May 23, 1875, the first of five children of Alfred Pritchard Sloan Sr. and Katherine Mead Sloan. His father, a machinist by training, was then a partner in a small company importing coffee and tea. In 1885 the family moved to Brooklyn, where it was particularly active in the Methodist Church. (Young Alfred’s maternal grandfather was a Methodist minister.) Alfred Jr. excelled as a student both in the public schools and at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute where he completed the college-preparatory course. After some delay in being admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (which considered him too young when he first applied), he matriculated in 1892 and took a degree in electrical engineering in three years as the youngest member of his graduating class.</p> <p>Mr. Sloan began his career as a draftsman in a small machine shop, the Hyatt Roller Bearing Company of Newark, New Jersey. At his urging, Hyatt was soon producing new antifriction bearings for automobiles. In 1898 he married Irene Jackson of Roxbury, Massachusetts. The next year, at age 24, he became the president of Hyatt, where he supervised all aspects of the company’s business. Hyatt bearings became a standard in the automobile industry, and the company grew rapidly under his leadership. In 1916 the Hyatt Roller Bearing Company, together with a number of other manufacturers of automobile accessories, merged with the United Motors Corporation, of which Mr. Sloan became president. Two years later that company became part of the General Motors Corporation (itself established in 1908 as the General Motors Company), and Mr. Sloan was named Vice President in Charge of Accessories and a member of the Executive Committee.</p> <p>Mr. Sloan was elected President of General Motors in 1923, succeeding Pierre S. du Pont, who said of him on that occasion: “The greater part of the successful development of the Corporation’s operations and the building of a strong manufacturing and sales organization is due to Mr. Sloan. His election to the presidency is a natural and well-merited recognition of his untiring and able efforts and successful achievement.” Mr. Sloan had developed by then his system of disciplined, professional management that provided for decentralized operations with coordinated centralized policy control. Applying it to General Motors, he set the corporation on its course of industrial leadership. The next 23 years, with Mr. Sloan as Chief Executive Officer, were years of enormous expansion for General Motors and of a steady increase in its share of the automobile market.</p> <p>In 1937, Mr. Sloan was elected Chairman of the Board of General Motors. He continued as Chief Executive Officer until 1946. When he resigned from the chairmanship in 1956, the General Motors Board said of him: “The Board of Directors has acceded to Mr. Sloan’s wish to retire as Chairman. He has served the Corporation long and magnificently. His analysis and grasp of the problems of corporate management, his great vision and rare good judgement, laid the solid foundation which has made possible the growth and progress of General Motors over the years.” Mr. Sloan was then named Honorary Chairman of the Board, a title he retained until his death on February 17, 1966. For many years, he had devoted the largest share of his time and energy to philanthropic activities, both as a private donor to many causes and organizations and through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which he established in 1934.</p> <p>Mr. Sloan, a realist as well as a humanist and philanthropist, looked upon the Foundation as an extension of his own life and work. Although he recognized the inevitability of change that might dictate a different course, he expected that the Foundation would “continue as an operating facility indefinitely in the future…to represent my accomplishments in this life.” His accomplishments during his lifetime were of the highest order, and in themselves provide the most dramatic and lasting tribute to his extraordinary talent. Through the Foundation, his accomplishments have been extended and expanded.</p> </div> </div> </section> <div class="invisible"> <div data-qq="title">Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</div> <div data-qq="local_uri">/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr</div> <div data-qq="description"> GMA Archive info Alfred P. Sloan Jr., center, at a ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the opening of the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute. The Institute would later merge with Memorial Hospital to become Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, one of the premier cancer research and treatment facilities in the country. Though the Sloan Foundation and gifts from his personal estate, Mr. Sloan gave more than $67 million ($500 million in 2016… </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container"> <!-- One off footer grid, not using abstracted system --> <div class="footer-grid"> <div class="col-third"> <a class="logo-type-left" href="/" aria-label="Back to home"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 402.636 108.373" width="217.25" height="58.47"><defs><style>.logo-type-center-footer-fill{fill:#003a5d}</style></defs><path d="M19.167 10.06a31.733 31.733 0 0 1 31.025 1.447 8.467 8.467 0 1 0 4.23-5.278A38.5 38.5 0 0 0 0 19.31l47.616 47.615a31.928 31.928 0 0 1-31.025-1.447 8.344 8.344 0 1 0-8.065 6.251 8.357 8.357 0 0 0 3.836-.973A38.54 38.54 0 0 0 66.79 57.682zm36.853 1.332a3.163 3.163 0 1 1 0 4.473 3.142 3.142 0 0 1 0-4.473zM10.763 65.593a3.163 3.163 0 0 1-4.473 0 3.163 3.163 0 1 1 4.473 0zm45.125-4.604a31.812 31.812 0 0 1-2.505 2.23L8.67 18.508a30.941 30.941 0 0 1 2.224-2.51 32.015 32.015 0 0 1 2.496-2.242l44.723 44.723a31.111 31.111 0 0 1-2.225 2.51z" fill="#ad976e"/><path class="logo-type-center-footer-fill" d="M115.88 32.55a78.436 78.436 0 0 0-4.15-.095c-1.617 0-2.884 0-3.835.095v-.158c.918-.318 1.172-.73 1.172-1.363a5.65 5.65 0 0 0-.475-1.965c-.316-.76-.634-1.585-1.014-2.471h-8.936c-.254.665-.54 1.298-.792 1.932a7.53 7.53 0 0 0-.666 2.409 1.356 1.356 0 0 0 1.204 1.458v.158c-1.204-.095-2.63-.095-3.675-.095a57.65 57.65 0 0 0-3.359.095v-.158c1.077-.445 1.552-.92 2.82-3.771 5.577-12.328 6.845-15.179 8.303-18.697h2.756c.919 2.536 3.232 7.986 8.144 19.298.95 2.187 1.331 2.758 2.503 3.17zm-9.316-8.493c-.983-2.377-2.092-5.133-3.423-8.334-1.204 2.916-2.344 5.704-3.453 8.334zM126.588 27.987c0 1.299.507 1.838 2.471 1.838 3.644 0 4.786-.761 6.338-3.36l.158.095a48.629 48.629 0 0 0-1.172 6.021 287.686 287.686 0 0 0-8.777-.126c-1.649 0-4.215.031-5.641.095v-.158c1.775-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.426.064 2.694.095 4.34.095 1.65 0 2.948-.031 4.501-.095v.158c-1.964.57-2.218.856-2.218 6.085zM149.245 32.55a103.165 103.165 0 0 0-4.5-.095c-1.648 0-2.915.031-4.342.095v-.158c1.776-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.284-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.427.064 3.232.095 4.88.095 4.469 0 7.162-.064 9.95-.222a47.528 47.528 0 0 0 .127 5.672l-.158.033c-.918-2.346-2.028-2.885-5.957-2.885a15.047 15.047 0 0 0-2.218.096v7.13l2.979-.096c2.947-.126 3.548-.443 4.024-1.743h.19a28.362 28.362 0 0 0-.127 3.012 25.206 25.206 0 0 0 .127 2.978h-.19c-.476-1.331-1.11-1.616-4.024-1.711l-2.98-.096v3.771c0 5.229.255 5.514 2.22 6.117zM169.587 32.55a103.57 103.57 0 0 0-4.532-.095c-1.648 0-2.883.031-4.31.095v-.158c1.775-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.427.064 2.504.095 4.152.095 1.14 0 2.851-.127 4.784-.127 6.021 0 9.095 2.409 9.095 6.307 0 3.105-2.123 4.753-4.532 5.672 2.092 4.943 5.23 8.81 8.176 10.14l-.064.19c-5.165-.665-9.918-2.535-12.706-9.126a15.674 15.674 0 0 1-1.648.094h-.666v2.79c0 5.07.286 5.513 2.25 6.116zm-2.251-11.313h1.332c3.073 0 5.324-1.204 5.324-4.214 0-2.79-1.84-4.183-5.166-4.183a13.006 13.006 0 0 0-1.49.094zM200.227 32.581c-2.916-.095-6.972-.126-9.507-.126-1.68 0-3.738.031-5.165.095v-.158c1.775-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.427.064 3.232.095 4.88.095 4.69 0 7.384-.064 10.267-.222a47.08 47.08 0 0 0 .159 5.672l-.159.033c-.918-2.346-2.06-2.885-6.432-2.885a17.026 17.026 0 0 0-2.092.096v6.654l3.423-.094c2.946-.096 3.517-.412 4.023-1.712h.19a27.66 27.66 0 0 0-.126 2.98 26.44 26.44 0 0 0 .127 3.01h-.19c-.507-1.364-1.141-1.649-4.024-1.744l-3.423-.063v5.926c0 1.299.476 1.838 2.567 1.838 3.58 0 4.912-.761 6.464-3.201l.158.096a53.926 53.926 0 0 0-1.14 5.861zM206.72 32.392c1.776-.603 2.061-1.046 2.061-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.426.064 2.661.095 3.803.095 1.52 0 2.978-.127 4.405-.127 4.753 0 8.555 1.205 11.217 3.867a10.374 10.374 0 0 1 2.916 7.542c0 6.432-4.564 11.059-13.247 11.059-1.806 0-3.644-.222-5.291-.222-1.205 0-2.377.031-3.803.095zm15.243-16.827a9.757 9.757 0 0 0-7.003-2.63 8.397 8.397 0 0 0-1.616.095v14.988c0 1.427.539 1.934 3.074 1.934 4.531 0 7.731-2.758 7.731-8.05a8.71 8.71 0 0 0-2.186-6.337zM253.003 32.55a103.165 103.165 0 0 0-4.5-.095c-1.647 0-2.915.031-4.341.095v-.158c1.775-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158c1.426.064 2.694.095 4.34.095 1.079 0 2.726-.127 4.406-.127 5.64 0 9.443 2.282 9.443 6.592a5.722 5.722 0 0 1-1.68 4.278c-1.774 1.806-4.817 2.661-8.365 2.661h-1.521v2.853c0 4.753.254 5.196 2.218 5.799zm-2.218-11.28h1.11c2.122 0 3.738-.413 4.625-1.332a4 4 0 0 0 1.014-2.884c0-2.978-2.028-4.214-5.039-4.214-.664 0-1.298.063-1.71.094zM265.607 32.866a2.599 2.599 0 1 1 2.661-2.598 2.596 2.596 0 0 1-2.661 2.598zM291.07 32.993a15.24 15.24 0 0 1-6.94-1.616 42.623 42.623 0 0 0-.032-6.115l.16-.033c1.425 3.074 4.181 5.039 6.94 5.039a3.24 3.24 0 0 0 3.548-3.169c0-1.648-.982-2.661-4.34-4.15-4.216-1.934-5.96-3.74-5.96-6.75 0-3.581 2.98-6.401 7.606-6.401a13.778 13.778 0 0 1 6.085 1.457 38.082 38.082 0 0 0 0 5.704l-.159.031c-1.52-2.85-3.77-4.467-6.116-4.467a2.757 2.757 0 0 0-2.915 2.757c0 1.552.823 2.344 4.088 3.802 4.31 1.997 6.21 3.834 6.21 7.003 0 4.088-3.295 6.908-8.175 6.908zM311.285 27.987c0 1.299.506 1.838 2.471 1.838 3.644 0 4.786-.761 6.338-3.36l.158.095a48.627 48.627 0 0 0-1.172 6.021 287.686 287.686 0 0 0-8.778-.126c-1.648 0-4.214.031-5.64.095v-.158c1.775-.603 2.06-1.046 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.831-.285-6.275-2.06-6.846v-.158a91.93 91.93 0 0 0 4.34.095c1.65 0 2.948-.031 4.501-.095v.158c-1.964.57-2.218.856-2.218 6.085zM324.752 21.395c0-6.781 5.354-11.63 12.072-11.63 7.194 0 11.947 5.23 11.947 11.63 0 6.781-5.324 11.63-12.073 11.63-7.162 0-11.946-5.228-11.946-11.63zm4.942-.285c0 5.165 2.789 9.03 7.194 9.03 4.183 0 6.971-3.643 6.971-8.46 0-5.164-2.788-9.03-7.193-9.03-4.214-.001-6.972 3.612-6.972 8.46zM375.736 32.55a78.436 78.436 0 0 0-4.151-.095c-1.616 0-2.883 0-3.835.095v-.158c.92-.318 1.173-.73 1.173-1.363a5.65 5.65 0 0 0-.475-1.965c-.317-.76-.634-1.585-1.014-2.471h-8.936c-.254.665-.54 1.298-.792 1.932a7.53 7.53 0 0 0-.666 2.409 1.356 1.356 0 0 0 1.204 1.458v.158c-1.204-.095-2.63-.095-3.675-.095-1.015 0-2.41.031-3.36.095v-.158c1.078-.445 1.553-.92 2.82-3.771 5.578-12.328 6.846-15.179 8.303-18.697h2.757c.919 2.536 3.232 7.986 8.144 19.298.95 2.187 1.331 2.758 2.503 3.17zm-9.316-8.493c-.983-2.377-2.092-5.133-3.423-8.334-1.204 2.916-2.344 5.704-3.453 8.334zM400.419 32.708h-2.504a35.14 35.14 0 0 0-2.852-4.056l-9.792-12.2.032 9.411c0 5.514.317 5.957 2.187 6.529v.158a91.898 91.898 0 0 0-3.93-.095c-1.33 0-2.282.031-3.77.095v-.158c1.742-.572 2.028-1.142 2.028-7.29l.03-7.573c0-6.02-.252-6.527-2.059-7.13v-.158c1.395.064 2.281.127 3.676.127a18.504 18.504 0 0 0 2.725-.159c.317.508.951 1.363 1.616 2.218 1.3 1.68 6.655 8.367 9.348 11.726l-.03-7.288c0-5.514-.318-5.895-2.188-6.466v-.158c1.616.064 2.757.095 4.056.095 1.236 0 2.218-.031 3.644-.095v.158c-1.742.57-1.965 1.079-2.06 7.448zM101.21 70.573a103.166 103.166 0 0 0-4.501-.095 91.93 91.93 0 0 0-4.342.095v-.159c1.776-.602 2.06-1.045 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.83-.284-6.275-2.06-6.845v-.158c1.427.063 3.232.095 4.88.095 4.469 0 7.162-.064 9.95-.222a47.528 47.528 0 0 0 .127 5.672l-.158.032c-.919-2.345-2.028-2.884-5.957-2.884a15.047 15.047 0 0 0-2.218.096v7.13l2.979-.096c2.947-.126 3.548-.443 4.024-1.743h.19a28.353 28.353 0 0 0-.127 3.01 25.216 25.216 0 0 0 .127 2.98h-.19c-.476-1.332-1.11-1.617-4.024-1.711l-2.98-.096v3.77c0 5.23.255 5.515 2.22 6.117zM112.652 59.418c0-6.782 5.355-11.63 12.072-11.63 7.194 0 11.947 5.23 11.947 11.63 0 6.781-5.323 11.63-12.072 11.63-7.163 0-11.947-5.229-11.947-11.63zm4.942-.285c0 5.165 2.79 9.03 7.194 9.03 4.183 0 6.972-3.643 6.972-8.46 0-5.164-2.789-9.031-7.194-9.031-4.214 0-6.972 3.613-6.972 8.46zM161.637 61.858c0 5.546-2.883 9.19-9.38 9.19-6.115 0-9.157-3.422-9.157-8.905v-6.876c0-5.83-.285-6.275-2.028-6.845v-.158c1.426.063 2.661.095 4.31.095s2.979-.032 4.5-.095v.158c-1.965.57-2.218.824-2.218 5.8v7.572c0 4.056 1.774 5.8 5.102 5.8 3.42 0 5.354-1.87 5.354-6.021l-.03-6.845c0-5.355-.318-5.736-2.188-6.306v-.158c1.617.063 2.852.095 4.183.095 1.3 0 2.124-.032 3.613-.095v.158c-1.712.57-2.028 1.11-2.028 7.448zM189.175 70.73h-2.503a35.14 35.14 0 0 0-2.852-4.055l-9.792-12.2.032 9.41c0 5.515.317 5.958 2.187 6.53v.158a91.898 91.898 0 0 0-3.93-.095c-1.33 0-2.282.031-3.77.095v-.159c1.742-.571 2.027-1.141 2.027-7.289l.032-7.573c0-6.02-.253-6.527-2.06-7.13v-.158c1.395.063 2.281.127 3.676.127a18.502 18.502 0 0 0 2.725-.16c.317.509.951 1.364 1.616 2.22 1.3 1.679 6.655 8.365 9.348 11.724l-.03-7.288c0-5.514-.318-5.895-2.188-6.465v-.158c1.616.063 2.757.095 4.056.095 1.236 0 2.218-.032 3.644-.095v.158c-1.742.57-1.965 1.078-2.06 7.448zM197.294 70.414c1.776-.602 2.06-1.045 2.06-6.877v-8.27c0-5.83-.284-6.275-2.06-6.845v-.158c1.427.063 2.662.095 3.804.095 1.52 0 2.978-.127 4.404-.127 4.754 0 8.556 1.205 11.218 3.866a10.374 10.374 0 0 1 2.915 7.542c0 6.433-4.564 11.06-13.246 11.06-1.807 0-3.644-.222-5.291-.222-1.205 0-2.377.031-3.804.095zm15.242-16.827a9.757 9.757 0 0 0-7.003-2.63 8.397 8.397 0 0 0-1.616.096V66.04c0 1.425.54 1.933 3.074 1.933 4.532 0 7.732-2.757 7.732-8.048a8.71 8.71 0 0 0-2.187-6.339zM246.21 70.573a78.436 78.436 0 0 0-4.15-.095c-1.616 0-2.883 0-3.834.095v-.159c.918-.317 1.172-.73 1.172-1.363a5.65 5.65 0 0 0-.475-1.964c-.316-.761-.634-1.585-1.014-2.472h-8.936c-.254.665-.539 1.299-.792 1.933a7.53 7.53 0 0 0-.666 2.409 1.356 1.356 0 0 0 1.204 1.457v.159c-1.204-.095-2.63-.095-3.675-.095a57.65 57.65 0 0 0-3.359.095v-.159c1.077-.444 1.553-.918 2.82-3.77 5.577-12.328 6.845-15.18 8.303-18.697h2.756c.919 2.536 3.232 7.986 8.145 19.298.95 2.187 1.33 2.757 2.502 3.17zm-9.315-8.494c-.982-2.376-2.092-5.133-3.423-8.333-1.204 2.915-2.344 5.704-3.453 8.333zM262.952 70.573a121.542 121.542 0 0 0-4.69-.095c-1.647 0-2.883.031-4.69.095v-.159c2.22-.633 2.41-.824 2.41-6.432v-13.12h-.952c-4.056.064-5.45 1.49-6.527 4.5l-.158-.032a60.132 60.132 0 0 0 .063-7.13c2.884.095 6.052.159 9.854.159 3.804 0 7.005-.064 9.888-.159a59.875 59.875 0 0 0 .063 7.13l-.159.032c-1.077-3.01-2.471-4.436-6.527-4.5h-.983v13.12c0 5.608.222 5.799 2.408 6.432zM277.962 70.478c-1.647 0-2.978.031-4.372.095v-.159c1.837-.602 2.122-1.045 2.122-6.877v-8.27c0-5.83-.285-6.275-2.122-6.845v-.158c1.394.063 2.725.095 4.372.095 1.616 0 2.916-.032 4.437-.095v.158c-1.839.57-2.124 1.015-2.124 6.845v8.27c0 5.832.285 6.275 2.124 6.877v.159a100.181 100.181 0 0 0-4.437-.095zM287.488 59.418c0-6.782 5.355-11.63 12.073-11.63 7.193 0 11.947 5.23 11.947 11.63 0 6.781-5.324 11.63-12.073 11.63-7.162 0-11.947-5.229-11.947-11.63zm4.943-.285c0 5.165 2.789 9.03 7.193 9.03 4.183 0 6.972-3.643 6.972-8.46 0-5.164-2.789-9.031-7.193-9.031-4.215 0-6.972 3.613-6.972 8.46zM337.3 70.73h-2.504a35.14 35.14 0 0 0-2.852-4.055l-9.792-12.2.033 9.41c0 5.515.316 5.958 2.186 6.53v.158a91.898 91.898 0 0 0-3.93-.095c-1.33 0-2.281.031-3.77.095v-.159c1.743-.571 2.028-1.141 2.028-7.289l.03-7.573c0-6.02-.252-6.527-2.058-7.13v-.158c1.394.063 2.28.127 3.675.127a18.502 18.502 0 0 0 2.725-.16c.317.509.951 1.364 1.616 2.22 1.3 1.679 6.656 8.365 9.348 11.724l-.03-7.288c0-5.514-.318-5.895-2.188-6.465v-.158c1.616.063 2.757.095 4.056.095 1.236 0 2.219-.032 3.644-.095v.158c-1.742.57-1.965 1.078-2.06 7.448zM94.029 91.224h4.357c3.816 0 6.302 2.673 6.302 6.62 0 3.87-2.468 6.657-6.338 6.657h-4.321zm4.283 11.78c2.861 0 4.487-2.318 4.487-5.16 0-2.954-1.59-5.125-4.45-5.125h-2.543v10.285zM111.623 94.926a2.063 2.063 0 0 1 .336.018v1.554h-.073a2.728 2.728 0 0 0-2.058.729 4.343 4.343 0 0 0-.935 3.272v4.002h-1.59v-9.35h1.478v2.132a3.092 3.092 0 0 1 2.842-2.357zM113.998 91.41h1.813v2.001h-1.813zm.112 3.74h1.59v9.35h-1.59zM117.662 95.15h1.72l2.095 6.303a13.73 13.73 0 0 1 .393 1.421h.056a13.73 13.73 0 0 1 .393-1.421l2.094-6.302h1.721l-3.385 9.35h-1.701zM135.39 100.293h-6.64a2.762 2.762 0 0 0 2.786 3.03 2.512 2.512 0 0 0 2.488-1.777l1.309.58a3.888 3.888 0 0 1-3.909 2.6c-2.675 0-4.263-1.703-4.263-4.788 0-3.122 1.57-5.012 4.245-5.012 2.523 0 3.983 1.44 3.983 4.245zm-1.609-1.495c0-1.721-.879-2.618-2.413-2.618-1.645 0-2.58 1.065-2.619 2.823h5.032zM138.097 95.15h1.497v1.852a3.157 3.157 0 0 1 3.122-2.076c2.058 0 3.123 1.272 3.123 3.759v5.816h-1.59v-5.723c0-1.645-.69-2.487-2.057-2.487-1.551 0-2.505 1.254-2.505 3.33v4.88h-1.59zM155.562 102.893l-.28 1.608h-1.217V90.943h1.59v5.834a3.17 3.17 0 0 1 2.973-1.85c2.282 0 3.76 2.038 3.76 4.898 0 2.918-1.515 4.9-3.853 4.9a3.136 3.136 0 0 1-2.973-1.832zm5.141-3.068c0-2.094-.915-3.496-2.58-3.496-1.571 0-2.505 1.252-2.505 3.291v.486c0 1.944.916 3.216 2.487 3.216 1.626 0 2.598-1.365 2.598-3.497zM164.087 108.166v-1.403a4.183 4.183 0 0 0 .673.038c1.122 0 1.703-.506 2.132-1.721l.243-.69-3.722-9.24h1.778l2.394 6.508a8.616 8.616 0 0 1 .318 1.103h.036c.057-.261.168-.636.318-1.103l2.169-6.507h1.721l-3.647 9.95c-.86 2.354-1.982 3.14-3.552 3.14a4.544 4.544 0 0 1-.86-.075zM177.662 95.15h1.737V92.7l1.59-.672v3.123h2.339v1.308h-2.339v5.18c0 1.067.411 1.533 1.365 1.533a3.708 3.708 0 0 0 .974-.13v1.459a4.859 4.859 0 0 1-1.385.168c-2.02 0-2.544-1.234-2.544-2.973v-5.237h-1.737zM185.85 90.943h1.59v5.966a3.098 3.098 0 0 1 3.067-1.983c2.02 0 3.084 1.29 3.084 3.759v5.816h-1.59v-5.703c0-1.646-.69-2.507-2.037-2.507-1.608 0-2.525 1.215-2.525 3.33v4.88h-1.59zM204.156 100.293h-6.64a2.762 2.762 0 0 0 2.787 3.03 2.512 2.512 0 0 0 2.488-1.777l1.309.58a3.888 3.888 0 0 1-3.909 2.6c-2.675 0-4.263-1.703-4.263-4.788 0-3.122 1.57-5.012 4.245-5.012 2.523 0 3.983 1.44 3.983 4.245zm-1.608-1.495c0-1.721-.88-2.618-2.413-2.618-1.645 0-2.58 1.065-2.619 2.823h5.032zM211.82 95.15h1.496v1.74a3.2 3.2 0 0 1 3.048-1.964c2.262 0 3.777 1.944 3.777 4.899 0 2.993-1.608 4.9-3.87 4.9a3.038 3.038 0 0 1-2.862-1.702v5.125h-1.59zm6.638 4.675c0-2.206-.934-3.496-2.505-3.496s-2.58 1.234-2.58 3.253v.45c0 2.018.972 3.29 2.523 3.29 1.59 0 2.562-1.308 2.562-3.497zM227.077 94.926a2.063 2.063 0 0 1 .336.018v1.554h-.073a2.728 2.728 0 0 0-2.058.729 4.343 4.343 0 0 0-.935 3.272v4.002h-1.59v-9.35h1.479v2.132a3.092 3.092 0 0 1 2.84-2.357zM228.628 99.825c0-3.048 1.72-4.899 4.356-4.899s4.358 1.851 4.358 4.899c0 3.05-1.721 4.9-4.358 4.9s-4.356-1.85-4.356-4.9zm7.031 0c0-2.319-.992-3.516-2.675-3.516s-2.673 1.197-2.673 3.516.99 3.515 2.673 3.515 2.675-1.196 2.675-3.515zM241.455 95.15v1.627a2.733 2.733 0 0 1 2.673-1.85 2.642 2.642 0 0 1 2.657 1.868 3.003 3.003 0 0 1 2.841-1.869c1.797 0 2.844 1.272 2.844 3.44v6.135h-1.59v-6.003c0-1.46-.6-2.207-1.776-2.207-1.329 0-2.096.972-2.096 2.675v5.535h-1.588v-6.078c0-1.364-.636-2.132-1.76-2.132-1.308 0-2.112 1.047-2.112 2.75v5.46h-1.59v-9.35zM255.534 91.41h1.812v2.001h-1.812zm.111 3.74h1.59v9.35h-1.59zM259.853 101.846l1.608-.282a2.252 2.252 0 0 0 2.469 1.851c1.251 0 1.944-.615 1.944-1.42 0-.823-.504-1.16-1.347-1.31l-1.832-.336c-1.59-.3-2.487-1.196-2.487-2.618 0-1.608 1.346-2.805 3.554-2.805 2.094 0 3.515.954 3.702 2.525l-1.572.355a2.03 2.03 0 0 0-2.205-1.59c-1.197 0-1.928.525-1.928 1.44 0 .786.525 1.16 1.442 1.328l1.812.337c1.683.318 2.432 1.178 2.432 2.543 0 1.683-1.29 2.862-3.572 2.862-2.207 0-3.702-1.03-4.02-2.88zM277.56 100.293h-6.64a2.762 2.762 0 0 0 2.787 3.03 2.512 2.512 0 0 0 2.489-1.777l1.308.58a3.888 3.888 0 0 1-3.908 2.6c-2.675 0-4.263-1.703-4.263-4.788 0-3.122 1.57-5.012 4.244-5.012 2.524 0 3.984 1.44 3.984 4.245zm-1.607-1.495c0-1.721-.879-2.618-2.414-2.618-1.644 0-2.58 1.065-2.618 2.823h5.032zM284.384 99.825c0-3.048 1.719-4.899 4.356-4.899s4.358 1.851 4.358 4.899c0 3.05-1.722 4.9-4.358 4.9s-4.356-1.85-4.356-4.9zm7.03 0c0-2.319-.991-3.516-2.674-3.516s-2.674 1.197-2.674 3.516.99 3.515 2.674 3.515 2.675-1.196 2.675-3.515zM300.05 96.46h-2.337v8.04h-1.59v-8.04h-1.719v-1.31h1.72v-1.477a2.622 2.622 0 0 1 2.73-2.842 4.702 4.702 0 0 1 1.196.13v1.365a6.45 6.45 0 0 0-.99-.093c-.954 0-1.347.524-1.347 1.664v1.254h2.337zM313.12 95.88a3.048 3.048 0 0 1 .859 2.207 3.158 3.158 0 0 1-3.459 3.198 4.091 4.091 0 0 1-1.794-.393 1.002 1.002 0 0 0-.675.915c0 .525.393.954 1.554.954h2.28c2.114 0 3.18.954 3.18 2.637 0 1.758-1.384 2.975-4.638 2.975-3.291 0-4.208-1.236-4.208-2.564a2.006 2.006 0 0 1 1.515-1.944 1.684 1.684 0 0 1-1.084-1.626 1.927 1.927 0 0 1 1.327-1.871 3.086 3.086 0 0 1-.916-2.28 3.13 3.13 0 0 1 3.459-3.162 4.267 4.267 0 0 1 1.833.393 2.189 2.189 0 0 1 2.225-1.701 2.305 2.305 0 0 1 .618.075v1.383a3.294 3.294 0 0 0-.674-.075 1.331 1.331 0 0 0-1.402.879zm-3.572 8.285a9.39 9.39 0 0 1-.786-.039 1.53 1.53 0 0 0-.99 1.403c0 1.159 1.158 1.533 2.841 1.533 2.282 0 2.862-.71 2.862-1.55 0-.88-.655-1.347-1.945-1.347zm2.936-6.06a1.964 1.964 0 1 0-1.964 1.963 1.866 1.866 0 0 0 1.964-1.962zM321.664 94.926a2.062 2.062 0 0 1 .336.018v1.554h-.073a2.728 2.728 0 0 0-2.057.729 4.343 4.343 0 0 0-.936 3.272v4.002h-1.59v-9.35h1.479v2.132a3.092 3.092 0 0 1 2.841-2.357zM331.443 100.293h-6.64a2.762 2.762 0 0 0 2.787 3.03 2.512 2.512 0 0 0 2.488-1.777l1.309.58a3.888 3.888 0 0 1-3.909 2.6c-2.675 0-4.263-1.703-4.263-4.788 0-3.122 1.57-5.012 4.245-5.012 2.523 0 3.983 1.44 3.983 4.245zm-1.608-1.495c0-1.721-.88-2.618-2.413-2.618-1.645 0-2.58 1.065-2.619 2.823h5.032zM333.313 101.976a2.458 2.458 0 0 1 1.308-2.206 9.446 9.446 0 0 1 3.14-.767l1.74-.205v-.15c0-1.721-.617-2.414-2.057-2.414a1.9 1.9 0 0 0-2.13 1.853h-1.704c.132-1.907 1.628-3.16 3.816-3.16 2.561 0 3.683 1.16 3.683 3.89v2.523a11.175 11.175 0 0 0 .318 3.16h-1.664a14.685 14.685 0 0 1-.148-1.7 3.127 3.127 0 0 1-3.143 1.926c-1.908 0-3.16-1.086-3.16-2.75zm6.207-1.552v-.468l-2.544.375c-1.383.205-1.98.69-1.98 1.608 0 .915.69 1.476 1.832 1.476a2.679 2.679 0 0 0 2.692-2.99zM342.922 95.15h1.738V92.7l1.59-.672v3.123h2.338v1.308h-2.339v5.18c0 1.067.411 1.533 1.365 1.533a3.708 3.708 0 0 0 .974-.13v1.459a4.859 4.859 0 0 1-1.385.168c-2.019 0-2.543-1.234-2.543-2.973v-5.237h-1.738zM355.86 91.41h1.813v2.001h-1.813zm.112 3.74h1.59v9.35h-1.59zM360.18 99.825c0-2.88 1.644-4.899 3.981-4.899a2.895 2.895 0 0 1 2.75 1.608v-5.591h1.59V104.5h-1.496v-1.74a3.11 3.11 0 0 1-3.03 1.965c-2.262 0-3.795-1.965-3.795-4.901zm6.768.225v-.43c0-2.039-.972-3.29-2.542-3.29-1.59 0-2.543 1.29-2.543 3.495 0 2.189.954 3.497 2.543 3.497 1.552 0 2.542-1.272 2.542-3.272zM379.439 100.293h-6.64a2.762 2.762 0 0 0 2.786 3.03 2.512 2.512 0 0 0 2.489-1.777l1.308.58a3.888 3.888 0 0 1-3.908 2.6c-2.675 0-4.263-1.703-4.263-4.788 0-3.122 1.57-5.012 4.244-5.012 2.524 0 3.984 1.44 3.984 4.245zm-1.608-1.495c0-1.721-.88-2.618-2.414-2.618-1.644 0-2.58 1.065-2.618 2.823h5.032zM381.306 101.976a2.458 2.458 0 0 1 1.308-2.206 9.446 9.446 0 0 1 3.141-.767l1.74-.205v-.15c0-1.721-.618-2.414-2.058-2.414a1.9 1.9 0 0 0-2.13 1.853h-1.703c.131-1.907 1.628-3.16 3.815-3.16 2.562 0 3.684 1.16 3.684 3.89v2.523a11.175 11.175 0 0 0 .318 3.16h-1.665a14.687 14.687 0 0 1-.148-1.7 3.127 3.127 0 0 1-3.143 1.926c-1.907 0-3.159-1.086-3.159-2.75zm6.207-1.552v-.468l-2.543.375c-1.384.205-1.981.69-1.981 1.608 0 .915.69 1.476 1.833 1.476a2.679 2.679 0 0 0 2.691-2.99zM391.478 101.846l1.608-.282a2.252 2.252 0 0 0 2.469 1.851c1.251 0 1.944-.615 1.944-1.42 0-.823-.504-1.16-1.347-1.31l-1.833-.336c-1.59-.3-2.486-1.196-2.486-2.618 0-1.608 1.346-2.805 3.554-2.805 2.094 0 3.515.954 3.702 2.525l-1.572.355a2.03 2.03 0 0 0-2.205-1.59c-1.197 0-1.928.525-1.928 1.44 0 .786.524 1.16 1.442 1.328l1.812.337c1.683.318 2.432 1.178 2.432 2.543 0 1.683-1.29 2.862-3.572 2.862-2.207 0-3.702-1.03-4.02-2.88z"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="col-two-thirds"> <nav class="site-map"> <div class="col"> <span id="list-1-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/programs">Programs</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-1-label"> <li class="scheme-s1"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-1-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/research">Research</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-1-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/research/economics-2">Economics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/energy-and-environment">Energy and Environment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/history-of-science-and-tech">History of Science & Technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/matter-to-life">Matter-to-Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/sloan-digital-sky-survey">Sloan Digital Sky Survey</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/research/small-scale-fundamental-physics">Small-Scale Fundamental Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s3"> <a href="/programs/higher-education">Higher Education</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-12-footer-nav"> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s4"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-4-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/digital-technology">Technology</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-4-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/digital-technology/better-software-for-science">Better Software for Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/digital-technology/exploratory-grantmaking-in-technology">Exploratory Grantmaking in Technology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s5"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-5-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/public-understanding">Public Understanding</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-5-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/books">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/film">Film</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/new-media">New Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/radio">Radio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/special-initiatives">Special Initiatives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/television">Television</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/public-understanding/theater">Theater</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s8"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="program-9-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/programs/completed-programs">Completed Programs</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-9-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/anytime-anyplace-learning">Anytime, Anyplace Learning</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/barcode-of-life">Barcode of Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/biosecurity">Biosecurity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/census-of-marine-life">Census of Marine Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/chemistry-of-indoor-environments">Chemistry of Indoor Environments</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/data-and-computational-research">Data & Computational Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/deep-carbon-observatory">Deep Carbon Observatory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/encyclopedia-of-life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/industry-studies">Industry Studies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/information-about-careers-in-science-and-technology">Information about Careers in Science and Technology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/municipal-governments">Making Municipal Governments More Responsive</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/microbiology-of-the-built-environment">Microbiology of the Built Environment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/outsourcing">Outsourcing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/professional-science-masters-degree">Professional Science Master's Degree</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/scholarly-communication">Scholarly Communication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/synthetic-biology">Synthetic Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/universal-access-to-knowledge">Universal Access to Knowledge</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/working-longer">Working Longer</a> </li> <li> <a href="/programs/completed-programs/workplace-workforce-working-families">Workplace, Workforce, and Working Families</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="scheme-s7"> <a href="/programs/new-york-city-program">New York City Program</a> <ul data-height-reveal="program-11-footer-nav"> </ul> </li> </ul> <span class="list-heading"> <a href="https://impact.sloan.org">Impact</a> </span> </div> <div class="col"> <span id="list-2-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/grants/apply">Grants</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-2-label"> <li> <a href="/grants/apply">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants/open-calls">Open Calls</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants/grantees">For Grantees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/grants-database">Grants Database</a> </li> </ul> <span id="list-3-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/fellowships">Sloan Research Fellowships</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-3-label"> <li> <a href="https://sloan.org/fellowships">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/apply-2">Apply</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/faq">FAQ</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellowships/current-fellows">For Current Fellows</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fellows-database">Fellows Database</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <span id="list-4-label" class="list-heading"> <a href="/about">About</a> </span> <ul aria-labelledby="list-4-label"> <li> <a href="/about">Mission</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/our-commitment-to-diversity-equity-inclusion">Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/who-was-alfred-p-sloan-jr">Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/trustees">Trustees</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/staff">Staff</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/documents">Documents</a> </li> <li class="scheme-s0"> <button class="sub-nav-button" data-height-toggle="press-room-footer-nav"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Click to expand this navigation menu </span> </button> <a href="/about/press">Press Room</a> <ul data-height-reveal="press-room-footer-nav"> <li> <a href="/about/press/press-releases">Press Releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press/grantee-news">Grantee News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press#tab-logos">Logos</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> <span class="list-heading"> <a href="/">Home</a> </span> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="footer-top-link"> <a href="#" class="arrow-link-up">Back Up</a> </div> </div> <section class="colophon"> <div class="container"> <nav class="external-links"> Follow Us <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sloanfoundation"> Facebook </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://impact.sloan.org"> Medium </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/SloanFoundation"> Twitter </a> </li> </ul> </nav> © 2024 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation </div> </section> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sloan.org/combine/574a5a3b7ff84bb789981333969bc037-1645322080.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/sloan-theme-bundle-ee4dfe9e.js"></script> <div class="gdpr-banner"> <div class="gdpr-banner__wrapper"> <div class="gdpr-banner__column gdpr-banner__column--1"> <div class="gdpr-banner__row"> <div class="gdpr-banner__message"> We use cookies to analyze our traffic. Please decide if you are willing to accept cookies from our website. </div> </div> </div> <div class="gdpr-banner__column gdpr-banner__column--2"> <div class="gdpr-banner__opt-out"> <button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" class="gdpr-banner__button gdpr-banner__button--opt-out" data-request="onDecline" data-request-success="document.querySelector('.gdpr-banner').remove()" > Decline </button> </div> <div class="gdpr-banner__opt-in"> <button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" class="gdpr-banner__button gdpr-banner__button--opt-in" data-request="onAccept" data-request-success="$('.gdpr-banner').remove()" data-request-update="'gdpr' : '#gdpr-reload'" > Accept </button> </div> <div class="gdpr-banner__dismiss"> <button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" class="gdpr-banner__button--dismiss" onclick="document.querySelector('.gdpr-banner').remove()">×</button> </div></div> </div> </div> </body> </html>