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http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/simple-tags --> <meta name="keywords" content="Baghdad, Mosul, الموصل, Kirkuk, Children, Diyala, Refugees, ديالى, كركوك, Basrah, Middle East, بالمسيحيين, Christians, Human Rights, Poverty, Syria, IRIN, Kidnappings, Turkey, Assassinations, Reuters, IDPs (Internal Refugees), Jordan, Health, Tikrit, UNHCR, Basra, Lebanon, security situation, violence, kidnapping, iraqi christians, U.N., Civilians, Minority rights, Amnesty International, Britain, Education, EU, Sweden, Denmark, Muthanna, iraqi refugees, Forced returns of refugees, living below the poverty line, Shabak, Public Distribution System, PDS, Ninewa, food ration, returnees, unemployment, refugee agency, Salah al-Din, markets, Fao, minority communities, Asylum seekers, Deportations of refugees, Netherlands, Norway, resettlement, Turkoman, Food insecurity, asylum, yazidi, repatriation, Babylon, iraqi refugee, Europe, european union, Brookings Institution, Minority Rights Group International, yazidis, deportations, ethnic, host countries, british government, melissa fleming, World refugee day, human rights violations, IDPs (Internal Refugees) - 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need for protection</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/informal-economy/" rel="tag">informal economy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-international-initiative-on-refugees/" rel="tag">Iraqi International Initiative on Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugees/" rel="tag">iraqi refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/jordan/" rel="tag">Jordan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/living-below-the-poverty-line/" rel="tag">living below the poverty line</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/returns-of-refugeesidps/" rel="tag">returns of refugees/IDPs</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>It takes courage &#8211; or desperation &#8211; for an Iraqi refugee to return home, given the levels of violence in the country. But unable to support their families abroad, some are taking that decision. </p> <p>The risks are substantial: According to a survey by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), 61 percent of Iraqi asylum-seekers who have returned home have regretted it, citing the astonishing levels of insecurity. </p> <p>Umm Hassan (not her real name) fled to Amman, Jordan with her children to escape the war, but unable to support her family, returned home last year. She was back in Amman nine months later . “The situation was unbearable in Baghdad. It was so dangerous, there were explosions, and we had no source of income there either. We stayed at various relatives’ houses while I had no way to provide for my children. In the end we decided to come back to Jordan again, though we knew things would be hard,” she told IRIN in a telephone interview. </p> <p>UNHCR estimates there are 1.78 million Iraqi refugees &#8211; the second-largest refugee group in the world &#8211; and has registered 207,639. The overwhelming majority have sought refuge in neighbouring Syria and Jordan, with a significant proportion in Lebanon and Egypt. </p> <p>The problem is “Iraqis do not have the right to work in host countries, and those who do are immersed in the informal economy,” said Asma Al-Haidari, a Jordan-based human rights activist. Of the four main countries of asylum, only Egypt has signed the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which guarantees the right to work for legally recognized refugees. In Syria and Jordan, Iraqis are considered “guests”. </p> <p>Only documented refugees are entitled to a small financial package from UNHCR &#8211; most are not registered. With restrictions on the right to work and savings exhausted, Iraqis are pushed into poverty and trying to make ends meet in the informal economy. “It is purely as a result of their desperation that some Iraqis are voluntarily returning to Iraq,” said Al-Haidari. </p> <p>“Some progress has been made with guaranteeing Iraqi refugees basic services such as access to primary education and health care in Syria and Jordan,” said Hana Al-Bayaty, coordinator of the Cairo-based Iraqi International Initiative on Refugees. </p> <h3>Education </h3> <p>But there are no guarantees on access to free secondary and higher education in host countries, whose educational systems are already under strain. That can act as a further inducement for people to choose to return, particularly for middle class families that have traditionally valued education. </p> <p>“My elder daughter is a lawyer, and my son has just graduated from a professional academy whose fees have put us all in debt. Neither of them can work, and I cannot see the light at the end of the tunnel,” said Umm Hassan, a widow. “We have difficulties meeting our most basic needs. But we have nowhere to go.” </p> <p>UNHCR has counted 19,530 individuals and 4,200 families who have chosen to return to Iraq between January and September this year. The Refugee Agency currently discourages returnees to Iraq, and in particular Baghdad, due to the insecurity, but the majority are heading to the city. </p> <p>Economic opportunities for returnees are also limited. In the UNHCR survey, 87 percent said they were currently unable to cover their families’ needs, while 11 percent cited poor economic conditions and unemployment as reasons for not returning to their former homes and neighbourhoods. </p> <p>Most returnees to the Baghdad districts of Karkh and Resafa have not gone back to their original homes, but rather are staying with relatives, friends or in rented accommodation, mainly as a result of ongoing fears of persecution. </p> <p>According to Al-Bayaty, a sizeable number of returnees are living in squats in old public buildings. “Many refugees’ homes are occupied, either by organized militias or individual families. Returning refugees therefore generally become internally displaced persons.” </p> <p>Iraq already has 1.5 million displaced persons, including 500,000 in settlements or camp-like conditions. </p> <blockquote> </blockquote> <p><strong>Source: </strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=90894" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: No work forces refugees into risky return | Iraq | Economy | Conflict | Refugees/IDPs</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11636"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/10/19/voting-with-their-feet/#respond" title="Comment on Voting With Their Feet">No Comments</a></span> Posted on October 19th, 2010 by Um Thalit</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/10/19/voting-with-their-feet/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Voting With Their Feet">Voting With Their Feet</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/asylum/" rel="tag">asylum</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/asylum-seekers/" rel="tag">Asylum seekers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/babylon/" rel="tag">Babylon</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/baghdad/" rel="tag">Baghdad</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/basra/" rel="tag">Basra</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/basrah/" rel="tag">Basrah</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/britain/" rel="tag">Britain</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/central-provinces/" rel="tag">central provinces</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/chronic-unemployment/" rel="tag">chronic unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/denmark/" rel="tag">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/deportations/" rel="tag">deportations</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diyala/" rel="tag">Diyala</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/eu/" rel="tag">EU</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/european-union/" rel="tag">european union</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/fao/" rel="tag">Fao</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-deprivation/" rel="tag">food deprivation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-insecurity/" rel="tag">Food insecurity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-ration/" rel="tag">food ration</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/host-countries/" rel="tag">host countries</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/housing-shortage/" rel="tag">housing shortage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/housing-shortages/" rel="tag">housing shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/inadequate-health-care/" rel="tag">inadequate health care</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugees/" rel="tag">iraqi refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/jordan/" rel="tag">Jordan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kidnapping/" rel="tag">kidnapping</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/markets/" rel="tag">markets</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/melissa-fleming/" rel="tag">melissa fleming</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/muthanna/" rel="tag">Muthanna</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/netherlands/" rel="tag">Netherlands</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/norway/" rel="tag">Norway</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/pds/" rel="tag">PDS</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/public-distribution-system/" rel="tag">Public Distribution System</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugee-agency/" rel="tag">refugee agency</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/returnees/" rel="tag">returnees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/reuters/" rel="tag">Reuters</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sweden/" rel="tag">Sweden</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tikrit/" rel="tag">Tikrit</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/un/" rel="tag">U.N.</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unemployment/" rel="tag">unemployment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; width: 300px; padding-top: 0px"> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p><strong>Food deprivation in Iraq</strong></p> <p>I recently learnt that there&#8217;s a famous saying attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte that armies travel on their stomachs. It should not be surprising that the other type of armies associated with warfare the armies of refugees refuse to travel to back to a place where there is no chronic food insecurity, chronic unemployment, housing shortages, and very shaky security.&#160; </p> <p>A large part of the reason for this marked reluctance to return by refugees is highlighted in the report <strong>&quot;Food deprivation in Iraq&quot; </strong>published yesterday by the government as a condition for getting aid from the UN. Even the executive summary I have posted here paints a picture of a country a significant portion of whose population do not have a reliable source of food. If you take trouble to read the full government report <strong>&quot;</strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/retrieveattachments?openagent&amp;shortid=SNAA-8AC8E9&amp;file=Full_Report.pdf" target="_blank" class="external"><strong>Food deprivation in Iraq&quot; [PDF]</strong></a> the picture becomes even clearer.</p> <p>Today <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reuters.com/" class="external" target="_blank">Reuters</a> published a report &quot;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69I2GU20101019" class="external" target="_blank">Iraqi refugees regret going home, UNHCR survey finds</a>&quot; I&#8217;ve posted it underneath the food deprivation report. The first three paragraphs are grim but unsurprising reading:</p> <blockquote><p>A majority of Iraqi refugees who have returned from exile to Baghdad regret their decision, saying they face insecurity, a lack of jobs and inadequate health care, the United Nations refugee agency said on Tuesday. </p> <p>Some 61 percent of those interviewed were sorry they had left Syria and Jordan, while one in three was unsure of staying in Iraq, according to its recently-completed survey of 2,353 Iraqis who returned to the capital between 2007 and 2008. </p> <p>&quot;UNHCR staff were informed by returnees of numerous instances of explosions, harassment, military operations and kidnapping occurring in their areas of return,&quot; Melissa Fleming, spokeswoman of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), told a news briefing. </p> </blockquote> <p>No jobs, no food, and no safety. No wonder they stay away or regret coming back bad as the situation is for refugees the situation here is worse.</p> <p>Um Thalit</p> </p></div> </p></div> </p></div> </p></div> <blockquote><h3>Food deprivation in Iraq EXECUTIVE SUMMARY </h3> <p>Seven out of every 100 Iraqi individuals are undernourished. This is equivalent to an estimated 2.1 million Iraqis. In light of the history of conflict in Iraq and the current state of instability, this prevalence is rather low especially when compared to the overall prevalence of food deprivation within the Near East and North Africa region (7 percent in Iraq compared to 8 percent in the region). </p> <p>The national prevalence, however, is not equally distributed at the sub national level as disparities exist between the Iraqi governorates. Although food insecure households exist in nearly all governorates of Iraq, they are found to be concentrated in Diyala, Babylon Basrah, Salah al Deen, Kerbala and Muthanna governorates where the prevalence of food deprivation ranges from 51 to 17 percent. The highest level of food deprivation is observed in Diyala governorate, where around one half of people were food deprived. The high prevalence of food deprivation in Diyala is attributed to disruptions in food distributions through the Public Distribution System caused by the incidence of violence and military campaigns during the data collection period. </p> <p>The Public Distribution System (PDS) was established in 1991 to guarantee a provision of a minimum consumption needs to the Iraqi population through distribution of rations comprising of wheat flour, rice, sugar, vegetable oil, pulses, adult milk, infant formula and tea as well as other non food items at a highly subsidized price. The average daily dietary energy consumption in Iraq is 2580 kilocalorie per person, over half of which is acquired through the PDS. </p> <p>At the level of household characteristics, food deprivation is concentrated within population groups characterized by low income, large households, whose head is over 50 years of age and is illiterate, involved in agricultural activities or unemployed. </p> <p>Expenditures on food represents slightly more than one third (35 percent) of total household expenditures, of which, 80 percent is dedicated to commercial food purchases and the remaining twenty percent represents the value of the nominal payment required to receive the PDS food rations, the value of food produced and consumed by households and food purchased and consumed away from the home. </p> <p>Despite having a share of 80 percent of all food expenditures, food purchased from the commercial markets provides only 44 percent of the kilocalorie consumption at the national level. Accordingly, the contribution of dietary energy from the PDS plays a critical role from the food security perspective while the contribution of purchased food plays an important role from the expenditure structure perspective and dietary energy acquired from food from own production is negligible. The high reliance of Iraqis within the lower income strata on food rations renders them vulnerable to any irregularities in the distribution system and market fluctuations. </p> <p>The market price of 1000 kilocalories in Iraq is valued at 610 Iraqi Dinars on average. Accordingly, daily per capita expenditure on food is valued at 1590 Iraqi Dinars. When accounting for actual expenditures, subsidized prices of food provided through the PDS renders the cost of 1000 kilocalories to be 520 Iraqi Dinars on average, bringing daily per capita out of pocket expenditure on food down to 1360 Iraqi Dinars. </p> <p>In general, the Iraqi diet is balanced from the perspective of macro nutrient consumption as the distribution of energy acquired from fat, carbohydrates and proteins is 26, 62 and 12 percent respectively. However, consumption of fat is nearer to the higher bounds and protein nearer the lower bounds of the FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations. Average daily cereal consumption of around 400 grams per person provides 53 percent of total dietary energy consumed, followed by oils and fats (12 percent) and sugar (11 percent). </p> <p>Animal protein (meat, dairy products, eggs and fish) contributes 10 percent to the total dietary energy consumption. Food consumption is not equally distributed amongst all Iraqi households, as households of higher income group consume on average twice the quantity of dietary energy than that consumed by households in the lowest income group. Inequality in total expenditures is higher than food consumption inequality as total expenditures in the lowest income group is seven times less than that of the highest income group. </p> </blockquote> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-8AC8E9?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">ReliefWeb » Document » Food deprivation in Iraq</a></p> <p>Download&#160; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/retrieveattachments?openagent&amp;shortid=SNAA-8AC8E9&amp;file=Full_Report.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">Full_Report</a> (pdf* format &#8211; 1.5 Mbytes)</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>Iraqi refugees regret going home, UNHCR survey finds | Reuters</p> <blockquote><p>GENEVA (Reuters) &#8211; A majority of Iraqi refugees who have returned from exile to Baghdad regret their decision, saying they face insecurity, a lack of jobs and inadequate health care, the United Nations refugee agency said on Tuesday. </p> <p>Some 61 percent of those interviewed were sorry they had left Syria and Jordan, while one in three was unsure of staying in Iraq, according to its recently-completed survey of 2,353 Iraqis who returned to the capital between 2007 and 2008. </p> <p>&quot;UNHCR staff were informed by returnees of numerous instances of explosions, harassment, military operations and kidnapping occurring in their areas of return,&quot; Melissa Fleming, spokeswoman of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), told a news briefing. </p> <p>Although many returnees said they had left their host countries because they could no longer afford the cost of living there, some 87 percent said their income in Iraq was insufficient to cover their families&#8217; needs. </p> <p>&quot;One of the principal challenges we found for Iraqi returnees is finding regular employment, making them reliant on irregular jobs, which are often not available,&quot; Fleming said. </p> <p>Separate polls of a total of 3,500 Iraqi refugees living in Syria and Jordan, released on October 8, found most still reluctant to return home on a permanent basis, according to the UNHCR. </p> <p>Refugees cited political uncertainty and insecurity in Iraq, as well as poor educational opportunities and housing shortages. Syria and Jordan host some 180,000 registered Iraqi refugees. </p> <h3>FORCED DEPORTATIONS </h3> <p>While violence has plunged from the height of sectarian bloodshed in 2006-2007, explosions and attacks happen daily. Bombs destroyed the home of a senior Iraqi police commander on Tuesday, killing at least 11 people in the northern city of Tikrit, hometown of former dictator Saddam Hussein, police said. </p> <p>The UNHCR does not promote returns to Iraq, due to insecurity, and its guidelines to all governments strongly recommend that Iraqis should not be sent home to five central provinces, including Baghdad, seen as too dangerous. </p> <p>However, it helps refugees who voluntarily want to go home, providing them with transport costs and a small cash grant. </p> <p>Fewer than 3,000 have taken up the offer since 2007, though many have returned without its support, according to the agency. </p> <p>&quot;Iraqi refugees are the best judges of when to go back. Basically they are voting with their feet,&quot; said UNHCR spokeswoman Sybella Wilkes. </p> <p>The UNHCR also said that it remained concerned by forced deportations of failed Iraqi asylum seekers from five countries in Europe (Britain, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden). </p> <p>It knew of seven chartered flights, coordinated by the European Union border agency FRONTEX, believed to have flown several hundred Iraqis back to their homeland since June. </p> <p>&quot;We would very much like to have a fuller picture of who is being returned and where,&quot; Wilkes said. &quot;We hear from various countries that they plan to continue returns but we don&#8217;t know when.&quot;</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Source:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69I2GU20101019" class="external" target="_blank">Iraqi refugees regret going home, UNHCR survey finds</a> | By Stephanie Nebehay | Reuters</p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11111"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/24/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84/#respond" title="Comment on العراق: الترحيل القسري يعرض الأقليات للخطر-العراق-حقوق إنسان-نزاع">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 24th, 2010 by Khaled</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/24/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to العراق: الترحيل القسري يعرض الأقليات للخطر-العراق-حقوق إنسان-نزاع">العراق: الترحيل القسري يعرض الأقليات للخطر-العراق-حقوق 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86/" rel="tag">بالمسيحيين</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89/" rel="tag">ديالى</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>ناشد مسؤولو اللجوء وجماعات حقوق الإنسان عدداً من الدول الأوروبية بعدم إجبار طالبي اللجوء العراقيين، خصوصاً المنتمين منهم إلى أقليات، على العودة إلى بلادهم وذلك بسبب انعدام الأمن فيها. <br/>وقد جاءت هذه المناشدة رداً على الخطط التي أعلنتها المملكة المتحدة والسويد وهولندا والنرويج مؤخراً لإعادة اللاجئين العراقيين إلى بلدهم. وقد بدأت المملكة المتحدة بالفعل بترحيل بعض العراقيين وهو ما يشرح عودة حوالي 40 طالب لجوء إلى بغداد في 17 يونيو ضمن ثالث عملية ترحيل تقوم بها المملكة المتحدة هذا الأسبوع. <br/>وفي هذا السياق، قالت ميليسا فليمينغ، المتحدثة باسم المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين، خلال <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/4c0e33e94fc.html" class="external" target="_blank">مؤتمر صحفي </a>عقد يوم 8 يونيو: &quot;إن موقفنا والنصيحة التي نقدمها للحكومات تتمثل في ضرورة استمرار استفادة طالبي اللجوء العراقيين القادمين من محافظات بغداد وديالى ونينوى وصلاح الدين وكركوك من الحماية الدولية. يعكس موقفنا الأوضاع الأمنية غير المستقرة واستمرار ارتفاع مستوى العنف بالبلاد والحوادث الأمنية وانتهاكات حقوق الإنسان التي تجري في هذه المناطق من العراق&quot;. <br/>وفي الوقت الذي تم فيه توجيه انتقادات كبيرة للحكومة البريطانية بسبب سرية عمليات ترحيلها، تصر هذه الأخيرة على أن أولئك الذي رحلتهم ينتمون لمناطق أكثر أمناً في العراق. وأعربت المفوضية عن قلقها من أن العودة القسرية تبعث برسالة خاطئة إلى البلدان المضيفة المجاورة للعراق، خصوصاً سوريا والأردن. </p> <h3>الهجمات على الأقليات </h3> <p>وتخشى الأقليات العراقية، بما فيها المسيحيون من مختلف الطوائف واليزيديون والشبك، الذين يعيشون في بلدان ثالثة من تعرضهم للعودة القسرية. وأخبر لاجئ عراقي مسيحي كلداني، طلب عدم الكشف عن اسمه، يعيش في هولندا منذ عام 2006 شبكة الأنباء الإنسانية (إيرين) أنه يخشى أن العودة بسبب الهجمات العديدة التي تستهدف طائفته في العراق. وأشار إلى أن &quot;عمليات الخطف والقتل لدوافع سياسية لا تزال تحدث فيما يبدو أنه محاولة لإخراج سكان العراق الأصليين من البلاد أو القضاء عليهم&quot;. <br/>وهذا اللاجئ هو واحد من أكثر من نصف مليون مسيحي عراقي فروا من البلاد منذ الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة على العراق عام 2003. ووفقاً لمعهد بروكينغز في الولايات المتحدة، يوجد الآن حوالي 500,000 مسيحي في العراق مقارنة بما بين مليون و 1.4 مليون قبل عام 2003. وعلق على ذلك الدكتور غازي رحو، وهو عراقي مسيحي فر من البلاد منذ عدة سنوات ويعمل حالياً كأستاذ في الأردن، قائلاً: &quot;يستمر المسيحيون في التعرض للاستهداف دون وجود أية حماية من السلطات العراقية&quot;. <br/>وكان ابن عم رحو، رئيس الأساقفة بولص فرج رحو، وهو مسيحي بارز في العراق، قد تعرض للقتل في فبراير 2008 في حادث أدى إلى فرار 12,000 مسيحي من محافظة الموصل التي تقع على بعد حوالي 400 كلم شمال غرب بغداد. وأشار رحو إلى أنه &quot;حتى هذا التاريخ لا تزال عمليات الخطف والاغتيالات تحدث، ويتم استخدام تكتيكات أخرى لترهيب المسيحيين كقصف الكنائس مثلاً&quot;. <br/>ووفقاً <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/iraq-must-protect-civilians-risk-deadly-violence-2010-04-27" class="external" target="_blank">لتقرير</a> صادر عن منظمة العفو الدولية في أبريل 2010، لقي أكثر من 100 شخص حتفهم خلال الفترة بين منتصف شهر يوليو ومنتصف شهر سبتمبر 2009 في هجمات استهدفت المسيحيين والصابئة المندائيين واليزيديين والتركمان الشيعة والشبك وغيرهم. <br/>ودعت منظمة العفو الدولية المجتمع الدولي إلى &quot;وضع حد لجميع عمليات الإعادة القسرية إلى أي جزء من العراق&quot;، مشيرة إلى أنه &quot;لا ينبغي أن تتم أية عودة لطالبي اللجوء المرفوضين إلا بعد استقرار الوضع الأمني في عموم البلاد&quot;. <br/>من جهتها، قدمت منظمة حقوق الأقليات الدولية، وهي منظمة غير حكومية بأدلة مفصلة على العنف ضد الأقليات في العراق في <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.minorityrights.org/10042/reports/still-targeted-continued-persecution-of-iraqs-minorities.html" class="external" target="_blank">تقرير</a> أصدرته في 10 يونيو وأعربت فيه عن الحاجة الملحة لوضع تشريعات لحقوق الأقليات في البلاد بهدف التصدي لجو &quot;الإفلات من العقاب السائد فيما يتعلق بالهجمات على الأقليات&quot;. <br/>في غضون ذلك، أعلنت <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/4c1b17b56.html" class="external" target="_blank">المفوضية</a> في 18 يونيو أن 100,000 عراقي أحيلوا لإعادة التوطين من الشرق الأوسط إلى بلد ثالث منذ عام 2007. ويعيش حوالي 45 بالمائة من هذا العدد في سوريا، حسب المفوضية. وأضافت المنظمة أن نسبة قبول البلدان المضيفة وصلت إلى 80 بالمائة، من بينهم 76 بالمائة قبلوا من طرف الولايات المتحدة. <br/>ويشكل العراقيون ثاني أكبر مجموعة لاجئين في العالم، وفقاً <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&amp;docid=4c11f0be9&amp;query=2009%20Global%20Trends" class="external" target="_blank">للتقرير</a> الصادر عن المفوضية تحت عنوان &quot;الاتجاهات العالمية لعام 2009&quot;، حيث يعيش 1.8 مليون طالب لجوء عراقي في سوريا والأردن ولبنان ومصر وتركيا. كما أفاد التقرير الصادر على هامش اليوم العالمي للاجئين في 20 يونيو أن العودة الطوعية في جميع أنحاء العالم في عام 2009 كانت الأدنى على مدى 20 عاماً، حيث لم تشمل سوى حوالي 251,500 عائد منهم 38,000 عراقي. </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://arabic.irinnews.org/ReportArabic.aspx?SID=2071" class="external" target="_blank">العراق: الترحيل القسري يعرض الأقليات للخطر-العراق-حقوق إنسان-نزاع</a></p> </p></div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11083"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/20/iraq-forced-repatriation-puts-minorities-at-risk/#respond" title="Comment on IRAQ: Forced repatriation puts minorities at risk">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 20th, 2010 by Haleema Al-Azzawi</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/20/iraq-forced-repatriation-puts-minorities-at-risk/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to IRAQ: Forced repatriation puts minorities at risk">IRAQ: Forced repatriation puts minorities at risk</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resettlement/" rel="tag">resettlement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salah-al-din/" rel="tag">Salah al-Din</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/security-situation/" rel="tag">security situation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shabak/" rel="tag">Shabak</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkoman/" rel="tag">Turkoman</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unhcr/" rel="tag">UNHCR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/world-refugee-day/" rel="tag">World refugee day</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/yazidi/" rel="tag">yazidi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/yazidis/" rel="tag">yazidis</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86/" rel="tag">بالمسيحيين</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>MADRID, 20 June 2010 (IRIN) &#8211; Refugee officials and rights groups have urged a number of European countries not to forcibly repatriate Iraqi asylum seekers, particularly members of minority communities, because of prevailing insecurity in the country. </p> <p>These demands were made in response to recent announced repatriation plans by the UK, Sweden, the Netherlands and Norway. The UK has already begun deporting some Iraqis, with some 40 asylum-seekers arriving in Baghdad on 17 June – the UK’s third deportation in that week. </p> <p>“Our position and advice to governments is that Iraqi asylum applicants originating from Iraq&#8217;s governorates of Baghdad, Diyala, Ninewa and Salah-al-Din, as well as from Kirkuk province, should continue to benefit from international protection,” Melissa Fleming, a spokesperson for the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), said at a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/4c0e33e94fc.html" class="external" target="_blank">press briefing</a> on 8 June. </p> <p>“Our position reflects the volatile security situation and the still high level of prevailing violence, security incidents, and human rights violations taking place in these parts of Iraq,” she said. </p> <p>While its deportations have been criticized for being highly secretive, the British government has insisted the people it was repatriating were from safer parts of Iraq. UNHCR has expressed concern that the forced returns send the wrong message to host countries neighbouring Iraq, namely Syria and Jordan. </p> <p><strong>Minority attacks </strong></p> <p>Iraqi minorities &#8211; including Christians of various denominations, Yazidis and the Shabak – living in third countries are particularly fearful of any forced returns. </p> <p>A Chaldean Christian Iraqi refugee who has lived in the Netherlands since 2006 told IRIN on condition of anonymity that he feared being singled out for deportation because of the many attacks against his community in Iraq. </p> <p>&quot;Kidnappings and politically motivated killings continue to take place in what seems to be an attempt to resettle or eradicate Iraq&#8217;s indigenous population,&quot; he said. </p> <p>He is one of more than half a million Iraqi Christians who have fled since the US-led invasion of the country in 2003. According to the US-based Brookings Institution, an estimated 500,000 Christians remain in Iraq since numbering between 1 million and 1.4 million before 2003. </p> <p>“Christians continue to be targeted and there is no protection from the Iraqi authorities,” said Dr Ghazi Rahho, a Christian Iraqi who fled the country several years ago and now works as a professor in Jordan. </p> <p>Rahho’s cousin, Archbishop Paulos Faraj Rahho, a leading Christian authority in Iraq, was kidnapped and killed in February 2008, an incident that led to some 12,000 Christians fleeing Mosul, about 400km northwest of Baghdad. “To date, kidnappings and assassinations are taking place. And other tactics are used to terrorize Christians. Our churches, for instance, are being bombed,&quot; said Rahho. </p> <p>According to an April 2010 Amnesty International (AI) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/iraq-must-protect-civilians-risk-deadly-violence-2010-04-27" class="external" target="_blank">report</a>, more than 100 people were killed between mid-July and mid-September 2009 in attacks targeting Christians, Sabean-Mandaeans, Yazidis, Turkoman Shias, Shabaks and Kaka&#8217;is. </p> <p>AI has called on the international community to “end all forcible returns to any part of Iraq; any return of rejected asylum-seekers should only take place when the security situation in the whole country has stabilized.” </p> <p>NGO Minority Rights Group International has detailed evidence of violence against Iraq’s minority communities in a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.minorityrights.org/10042/reports/still-targeted-continued-persecution-of-iraqs-minorities.html" class="external" target="_blank">June 10 report</a> and expressed an urgent need for legislation implementing minority rights in the country to address an “ongoing climate of impunity that exists in relation to attacks on minorities”. </p> <p><strong>Iraqi refugee landmark </strong></p> <p>Meanwhile, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/4c1b17b56.html" class="external" target="_blank">UNHCR announced</a> on 18 June that a landmark 100,000 Iraqis had been referred for resettlement from the Middle East to third countries since 2007. About 45 percent of that number lives in Syria, UNHCR said, adding that the referrals acceptance rate by host countries was 80 percent, of which 76 percent were accepted by the US. </p> <p>Iraqis are the second largest refugee group in the world, according to UNHCR&#8217;s 2009 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&amp;docid=4c11f0be9&amp;query=2009%20Global%20Trends" class="external" target="_blank">Global Trends report</a>, with an estimated 1.8 million seeking refuge primarily in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and Turkey. </p> <p>The report, released in advance of World Refugee Day on 20 June, said voluntary repatriation worldwide in 2009 was the lowest for 20 years, with around 251,500 returns, of which only 38,000 were Iraqi.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730124133/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=89552" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: Forced repatriation 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