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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operation Flagpole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Flagpole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Kingpin:_"the_ship_with_two_captains"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Kingpin:_"the_ship_with_two_captains""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operation Kingpin: "the ship with two captains"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Kingpin:_"the_ship_with_two_captains"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Mincemeat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Mincemeat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operation Mincemeat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Mincemeat-sublist" 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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">HMS <i>Seraph</i> (P219)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%81_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%DB%B2%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="اچ‌ام‌اس سرف (پی۲۱۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اچ‌ام‌اس سرف (پی۲۱۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Seraph_(P219)" title="HMS Seraph (P219) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HMS Seraph (P219)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Seraph_(P219)" title="HMS Seraph (P219) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HMS Seraph (P219)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95_(%E6%BD%9C%E6%B0%B4%E8%89%A6)" title="セラフ (潜水艦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セラフ (潜水艦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Seraph_(1941)" title="HMS Seraph (1941) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HMS Seraph (1941)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Seraph_(P219)" title="HMS Seraph (P219) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HMS Seraph (P219)" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Submarine of the Royal Navy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/HMS_Seraph" title="HMS Seraph">HMS Seraph</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seraph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Seraph.jpg/300px-Seraph.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Seraph.jpg/450px-Seraph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Seraph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="147" /></a></span><div>HMS <i>Seraph</i></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/56px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/84px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/112px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United Kingdom</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Seraph</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraph</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>23 June 1940</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Armstrong">Vickers Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>16 August 1940</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>25 October 1941</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>27 June 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decommissioned</td><td>25 October 1962</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><a href="/wiki/Pennant_number" title="Pennant number">Pennant number</a>: P219</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Scrapped</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Badge</td><td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg/80px-SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg/120px-SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg/160px-SERAPH_badge-1-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)" title="British S-class submarine (1931)">S-class submarine</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">865 long tons (879 t) (surfaced)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">990 long tons (1,010 t) (submerged)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>217 ft (66.1 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>23 ft 9 in (7.2 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>14 ft 8 in (4.5 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,900 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Brake_horsepower" title="Horsepower">bhp</a> (1,400 kW) (diesel)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,300 hp (970 kW) (electric)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motors</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">15 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">kn</a> (28 km/h; 17 mph) (surfaced)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) (submerged)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>6,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) (surfaced); 120 nmi (220 km; 140 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) (submerged)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Test depth</td><td>300 ft (91.4 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>48</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sensors and <br /> processing systems</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Type 129AR or 138 <a href="/wiki/ASDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASDIC">ASDIC</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Type_291_radar" title="Type 291 radar">Type 291</a> <a href="/wiki/Early-warning_radar" title="Early-warning radar">early-warning radar</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7 × <a href="/wiki/British_21-inch_torpedo" title="British 21-inch torpedo">21 in (533 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> (6 × bow, 1 × stern)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/QF_3-inch_20_cwt" title="QF 3-inch 20 cwt">3 in (76 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Deck_gun" title="Deck gun">deck gun</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">20 mm (0.8 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/AA_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="AA gun">AA gun</a></li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>HMS <i>Seraph</i></b> (<a href="/wiki/Pennant_number" title="Pennant number">Pennant number</a>: P219) was an <a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)" title="British S-class submarine (1931)">S-class submarine</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> during the Second World War. Completed in 1942, she carried out multiple <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">intelligence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> activities during World War II, the most notable of which was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</a>. </p><p>She was afterwards assigned to the <a href="/wiki/8th_Submarine_Flotilla" title="8th Submarine Flotilla">8th Submarine Flotilla</a> in the Mediterranean on 25 August; she found herself selected to carry out special operations duties. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_description">Design and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg/350px-British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg/525px-British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg/700px-British_S-class_submarine_schematic_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10905" data-file-height="4029" /></a><figcaption>Schematic drawing of a S-class submarine</figcaption></figure> <p>The S-class submarines were designed to patrol the restricted waters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. The third batch was slightly enlarged and improved over the preceding second batch of the S-class. The submarines had a length of 217 feet (66.1 m) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">overall</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 23 feet 9 inches (7.2 m) and a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft (ship)">draught</a> of 14 feet 8 inches (4.5 m). They <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displaced</a> 865 long tons (879 t) on the surface and 990 long tons (1,010 t) submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S-class submarines had a crew of 48 officers and <a href="/wiki/Naval_rating" title="Naval rating">ratings</a>. They had a diving depth of 300 feet (91.4 m).<sup id="cite_ref-i7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For surface running, the boats were powered by two 950-<a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Brake_horsepower" title="Horsepower">brake-horsepower</a> (708 kW) <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a>, each driving one <a href="/wiki/Propeller_shaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller shaft">propeller shaft</a>. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 650-horsepower (485 kW) <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a>. They could reach 15 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (28 km/h; 17 mph) on the surface and 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) underwater.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the surface, the third batch boats had a range of 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and 120 nmi (220 km; 140 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-i7_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boats were armed with seven <a href="/wiki/British_21_inch_torpedo" class="mw-redirect" title="British 21 inch torpedo">21-inch (533 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a>. A half-dozen of these were in the bow and there was one external tube in the stern. They carried six reload torpedoes for the bow tubes for a grand total of thirteen torpedoes. Twelve <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> could be carried in lieu of the internally stowed torpedoes. They were also armed with a <a href="/wiki/QF_3-inch_20_cwt" title="QF 3-inch 20 cwt">3-inch (76 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/Deck_gun" title="Deck gun">deck gun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is uncertain if <i>Seraph</i> was completed with a <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">20-millimetre (0.8 in) Oerlikon</a> light <a href="/wiki/AA_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="AA gun">AA gun</a> or had one added later. The third-batch S-class boats were fitted with either a Type 129AR or 138 <a href="/wiki/ASDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASDIC">ASDIC</a> system and a <a href="/wiki/Type_291_radar" title="Type 291 radar">Type 291</a> or 291W <a href="/wiki/Early-warning_radar" title="Early-warning radar">early-warning radar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Flagpole">Operation Flagpole</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation Flagpole"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flagpole_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Flagpole (World War II)">Operation Flagpole (World War II)</a></div> <p><i>Seraph</i> first saw action in support of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a>, the Allied landings in North Africa; her first combat mission, under the command of Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewell" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Jewell">Norman "Bill" Jewell</a>, was carrying out a <a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">periscope</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> coast during the last two weeks of September 1942. </p><p>Upon her return to <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <i>Seraph</i> was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flagpole_(World_War_II)" title="Operation Flagpole (World War II)">Operation Flagpole</a>, the carrying of General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>'s deputy, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark W. Clark</a>, to North Africa for secret negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> officers. Loaded with <a href="/wiki/Folding_kayak" title="Folding kayak">collapsible canoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkies</a>, and other supplies, the submarine carried Clark, two other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> generals, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Jerauld_Wright" title="Jerauld Wright">Jerauld Wright</a>, several other officers, and three members of the British <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Section" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Boat Section">Special Boat Section</a> - <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a> G.B. ('Gruff') Courtney; and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenants</a> R.P. Livingstone and J.P. Foot. </p><p><i>Seraph</i> then sailed to the Algerian coast on 19 October 1942. On the night of 20 October her passengers disembarked ashore. The operation was very important as it helped to reduce French opposition to the Torch landings (although the French were not informed that the troop ships were already on their way and the landings were due in just a few days). </p><p>General Clark and his party were then picked up on 25 October by the submarine after some inadvertent delays. After an uneventful return journey, <i>Seraph</i> landed her party in Gibraltar on 25 October. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Kingpin:_"the_ship_with_two_captains""><span id="Operation_Kingpin:_.22the_ship_with_two_captains.22"></span>Operation Kingpin: "the ship with two captains"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operation Kingpin: "the ship with two captains""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Operation_Kingpin"></span> On 27 October, Lt.Cdr. Jewell was ordered to set sail again to the coast of southern France for a secret rendezvous. <i>Seraph</i> was ordered to patrol up and down the coast until she received a signal giving her the name of the port from which she was to pick up her passengers. On the night of 5 November she finally arrived at a location some 20 miles (32 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, as arranged to secretly take aboard French General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Giraud" title="Henri Giraud">Henri Giraud</a>, his son, and three staff officers for a meeting with Eisenhower in Gibraltar, with the intention to enlist the support of the pro-Vichy forces at <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> to the Allied cause. </p><p>In picking up the general's party, a bit of legerdemain was needed: because Giraud flatly refused to deal with the British, and there was no US boat within 3,000 miles (4,800 km), HMS <i>Seraph</i> briefly became the "USS <i>Seraph</i>", flying the US Navy ensign. Nominally the sub came under the command of Captain Jerauld Wright, who was earlier involved in the Flagpole operation, although Jewell took care of actual operations. In the spirit of things the British crew affected American accents that they imitated from the movies. However, it fooled nobody — including Giraud, who had been told of the deception by Wright. </p><p>After the pick-up, on 7 November <i>Seraph</i> transferred her charges to a <a href="/wiki/PBY_Catalina" class="mw-redirect" title="PBY Catalina">PBY Catalina</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> that was sent from Gibraltar to search for her after they lost contact with the sub due to a problem with her main radio. </p><p>On 24 November, <i>Seraph</i> sailed on her first war patrol in the Mediterranean. She was soon called upon to join other submarines in carrying U.S. and <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commandos</a> for reconnaissance operations in the area. On 2 December 1942 she torpedoed and damaged the Italian merchant ship <i>Puccini</i>. Later that month, on 23 December she rammed and damaged a <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a>, sustaining sufficient damage herself to necessitate repairs and refit back in Britain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation Mincemeat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</a></div> <p><i>Seraph</i> returned to <a href="/wiki/Blyth,_Northumberland" title="Blyth, Northumberland">Blyth</a>, northern England, for a much needed overhaul and leave on 28 January 1943. A few weeks later, Jewell was briefed at the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> on Operation Mincemeat, to be carried out during <i>Seraph</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s return to the Mediterranean. This mission was part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barclay" title="Operation Barclay">Operation Barclay</a>, a plan to convince the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a> that the Allies intended to land in Greece and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, and not <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a>. </p><p>She set sail again on 19 April, carrying a <a href="/wiki/William_Martin_(Royal_Marine_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Martin (Royal Marine officer)">special passenger</a>. This was a corpse in a metal canister, packed in <a href="/wiki/Dry_ice" title="Dry ice">dry ice</a>, and dressed in a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> uniform. Attached to the corpse was a briefcase containing faked "secret documents" designed to mislead the Axis. </p><p>In the early hours of 30 April <i>Seraph</i> surfaced off the coast of Spain, near the port of <a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a>. Jewell and his officers launched the body and briefcase in the water, disposing of the canister in deeper waters. Jewell then radioed the signal "MINCEMEAT completed" while the submarine continued to <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. The body was picked up by the Spanish, who decided it was a courier killed in an aircraft accident. The false documents were passed to the Germans and led them to divert forces from the defence of Sicily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_missions">Other missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By late April 1943 <i>Seraph</i> was back in the Mediterranean operating east of Sardinia and on 27 April she fired a salvo of three <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a> at a merchant ship off the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Bonifacio" title="Strait of Bonifacio">Strait of Bonifacio</a> but was not successful. Again on the last two days of that month, she made similar attacks but none of these were successful and <i>Seraph</i> ended up being depth-charged each time. She was not damaged during these engagements, with no lives lost. </p><p>In July, during the Allied <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Sicily">invasion of Sicily</a>, she acted as a guide ship for the invasion force. </p><p>For the remainder of 1943 the <i>Seraph</i> operated against German and Italian forces in the Mediterranean theatre and attacked several convoys, but her performance in that area was lacklustre, sinking only a few small ships. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg/220px-HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg/330px-HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg/440px-HMS_Seraph_periscope_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2468" data-file-height="3586" /></a><figcaption>The head of HMS <i>Seraph</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s search (navigation) periscope</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1943, she sailed to <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Dockyard" title="Chatham Dockyard">Chatham</a> for a much needed refit. In March 1944, under <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lt.Cdr.</a> Trevor Russell-Walling, she carried out her final patrol in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, when she suffered accidental damage and was docked for repairs. During this time it was decided to convert her as a training boat for <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> operations. </p><p>The Admiralty had received intelligence in early 1944 about <a href="/wiki/Elektroboot" title="Elektroboot">new U-boats</a> which were reported to be able to achieve a top speed of around 16 knots (30 km/h) underwater, compared to the 9 knots (17 km/h) of the fastest existing U-boats. As these new <a href="/wiki/German_Type_XXI_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type XXI submarine">XXI-class</a> U-boats were considered to pose a major threat, <i>Seraph</i> was modified at Devonport as a matter of urgency to have a high underwater speed so that trials and exercises could be carried out against a submarine having a similar underwater speed; for example in developing new tactics. </p><p>The submarine was streamlined by careful attention to the attachments on the outside of the hull, the size of the bridge reduced, the gun was removed along with one of the periscopes and the radar mast, and torpedo tubes blanked over. The motors were upgraded and higher-capacity batteries fitted along with replacement of the propellers with the coarser pitched type used on the larger <a href="/wiki/British_T_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="British T class submarine">T class submarines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trials and ASW exercises were carried out in September and October 1944, giving an insight into the difficulties and possible remedies to the new underwater menace.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_war">After the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Seraph</i> remained in active service after the war. In 1955 she was fitted with armour plating and used as a torpedo target boat. She was attached to a squadron commanded by her first skipper, now Captain David Jewell. Also during this time, <i>Seraph</i> appeared as herself in the British film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Never_Was" title="The Man Who Never Was">The Man Who Never Was</a></i> (1956), which details her exploits during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat" title="Operation Mincemeat">Operation Mincemeat</a>. Her identifying marks are visible in a number of scenes during the film. </p><p>She remained in commission until 25 October 1962, 21 years to the day after her launching. </p><p>When she arrived at <a href="/wiki/Briton_Ferry" title="Briton Ferry">Briton Ferry</a> for scrapping on 20 December 1962, parts from her <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> and a torpedo loading hatch were preserved as a memorial at <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel" title="The Citadel">The Citadel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, where General Clark served as president from 1954–1965. This monument is the only shore installation in the United States where the Royal Navy <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">ensign</a> is authorised to be permanently flown by the British Admiralty. It flies alongside the US flag to commemorate Anglo-American cooperation during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akermann, p. 341</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i7_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i7_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCartney, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagnasco, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chesneau, pp. 51–52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akermann, pp. 341, 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, DK, <i>Nelson to Vanguard</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Milner (2003) <i>Battle of the Atlantic</i> The History Press <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6187-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6187-8">978-0-7524-6187-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scnow.com/news/politics/article_9c252b26-a680-11e2-9942-001a4bcf6878.html">"British ambassador lays wreath at The Citadel"</a>. AP. 16 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=British+ambassador+lays+wreath+at+The+Citadel&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scnow.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle_9c252b26-a680-11e2-9942-001a4bcf6878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2506&dat=19800328&id=kntJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gAsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3639,6398918">"Raising the Ensign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News_and_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="News and Courier">News and Courier</a></i>. Charleston, South Carolina. 28 March 1980. p. B1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+and+Courier&rft.atitle=Raising+the+Ensign&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=1980-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2506%26dat%3D19800328%26id%3DkntJAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DgAsNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3639%2C6398918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkermann2002" class="citation book cs1">Akermann, Paul (2002). <i>Encyclopaedia of British Submarines 1901–1955</i> (reprint of the 1989 ed.). Penzance, Cornwall: Periscope Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904381-05-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904381-05-1"><bdi>978-1-904381-05-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+British+Submarines+1901%E2%80%931955&rft.place=Penzance%2C+Cornwall&rft.edition=reprint+of+the+1989&rft.pub=Periscope+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-904381-05-1&rft.aulast=Akermann&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagnasco1977" class="citation book cs1">Bagnasco, Erminio (1977). <i>Submarines of World War Two</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-962-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-962-7"><bdi>978-0-87021-962-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Submarines+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-962-7&rft.aulast=Bagnasco&rft.aufirst=Erminio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesneau1980" class="citation book cs1">Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-146-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-146-5"><bdi>978-0-85177-146-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Greenwich%2C+UK&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-85177-146-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColledgeWarlow2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Colledge" title="J. J. Colledge">Colledge, J. J.</a>; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. <i><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Ships of the Royal Navy">Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy</a></i> (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86176-281-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86176-281-8"><bdi>978-1-86176-281-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ships+of+the+Royal+Navy%3A+The+Complete+Record+of+all+Fighting+Ships+of+the+Royal+Navy&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Chatham+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86176-281-8&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft.au=Warlow%2C+Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCartney2006" class="citation book cs1">McCartney, Innes (2006). <i>British Submarines 1939–1945</i>. New Vanguard. Vol. 129. Oxford, UK: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-007-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-007-9"><bdi>978-1-84603-007-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Submarines+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=New+Vanguard&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-007-9&rft.aulast=McCartney&rft.aufirst=Innes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1957" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Terence (1957). <i>The Ship with Two Captains: The story of the 'Secret Mission Submarine'<span></span></i>. Ilkley, UK: Sapere Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80055-826-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80055-826-7"><bdi>978-1-80055-826-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ship+with+Two+Captains%3A+The+story+of+the+%27Secret+Mission+Submarine%27&rft.place=Ilkley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Sapere+Books&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-1-80055-826-7&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHMS+Seraph+%28P219%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>See also: reference to HMS <i>Seraph</i> in 'FDR's 12 Apostles', The Spies who paved the way for the invasion of North Africa, Hal Vaughan, Lyons Press, 2006, 311 pp </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Seraph_(P219)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:HMS_Seraph_(P219)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:HMS Seraph (P219)">HMS Seraph (P219)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626001415/http://www.citadel.edu/root/monuments#seraph">Seraph monument at The Citadel The Military College of South Carolina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3438.html">History of HMS SERAPH (P.219)</a> uboat.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410173423/http://historisches-marinearchiv.de/projekte/asa/uebersicht.php">Allied Submarine Attacks</a> <i>Suche</i>: SERAPH</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="British_S-class_submarines" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_S_class_submarine" title="Template:British S class submarine"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_S_class_submarine" title="Template talk:British S class submarine"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_S_class_submarine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British S class submarine"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_S-class_submarines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)" title="British S-class submarine (1931)">British S-class submarines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;">First group</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Swordfish_(61S)" title="HMS Swordfish (61S)"><i>Swordfish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sturgeon_(73S)" title="HMS Sturgeon (73S)"><i>Sturgeon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Seahorse_(98S)" title="HMS Seahorse (98S)"><i>Seahorse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Starfish_(19S)" title="HMS Starfish (19S)"><i>Starfish</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;">Second group</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sealion_(72S)" title="HMS Sealion (72S)"><i>Sealion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Salmon_(N65)" title="HMS Salmon (N65)"><i>Salmon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Shark_(54S)" title="HMS Shark (54S)"><i>Shark</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Snapper_(39S)" title="HMS Snapper (39S)"><i>Snapper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Seawolf_(47S)" title="HMS Seawolf (47S)"><i>Seawolf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spearfish" title="HMS Spearfish"><i>Spearfish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sunfish_(81S)" title="HMS Sunfish (81S)"><i>Sunfish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sterlet_(2S)" title="HMS Sterlet (2S)"><i>Sterlet</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;">Third group</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Safari" title="HMS Safari"><i>Safari</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sahib" title="HMS Sahib"><i>Sahib</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Saracen_(P247)" title="HMS Saracen (P247)"><i>Saracen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Satyr_(P214)" title="HMS Satyr (P214)"><i>Satyr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sceptre_(P215)" title="HMS Sceptre (P215)"><i>Sceptre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Seadog" title="HMS Seadog"><i>Seadog</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sibyl_(P217)" title="HMS Sibyl (P217)"><i>Sibyl</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sea_Rover" title="HMS Sea Rover"><i>Sea Rover</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Seraph</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Shakespeare_(P221)" title="HMS Shakespeare (P221)"><i>Shakespeare</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_P222" title="HMS P222"><i>P222</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sea_Nymph_(P223)" title="HMS Sea Nymph (P223)"><i>Sea Nymph</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sickle" title="HMS Sickle"><i>Sickle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Simoom_(P225)" title="HMS Simoom (P225)"><i>Simoom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sirdar" title="HMS Sirdar"><i>Sirdar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spiteful_(P227)" title="HMS Spiteful (P227)"><i>Spiteful</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Splendid_(P228)" title="HMS Splendid (P228)"><i>Splendid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sportsman" title="HMS Sportsman"><i>Sportsman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Stoic" title="HMS Stoic"><i>Stoic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Stonehenge_(P232)" title="HMS Stonehenge (P232)"><i>Stonehenge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Storm" title="HMS Storm"><i>Storm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Stratagem" title="HMS Stratagem"><i>Stratagem</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Strongbow_(P235)" title="HMS Strongbow (P235)"><i>Strongbow</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spark" title="HMS Spark"><i>Spark</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scythian" title="HMS Scythian"><i>Scythian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Stubborn" title="HMS Stubborn"><i>Stubborn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Surf" title="HMS Surf"><i>Surf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Syrtis" title="HMS Syrtis"><i>Syrtis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Shalimar" title="HMS Shalimar"><i>Shalimar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scotsman_(P243)" title="HMS Scotsman (P243)"><i>Scotsman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sea_Devil" title="HMS Sea Devil"><i>Sea Devil</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spirit" title="HMS Spirit"><i>Spirit</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Statesman" title="HMS Statesman"><i>Statesman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sturdy_(P248)" title="HMS Sturdy (P248)"><i>Sturdy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Stygian" title="HMS Stygian"><i>Stygian</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Subtle_(P251)" title="HMS Subtle (P251)"><i>Subtle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Supreme" title="HMS Supreme"><i>Supreme</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sea_Scout" title="HMS Sea Scout"><i>Sea Scout</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Selene" title="HMS Selene"><i>Selene</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Seneschal" title="HMS Seneschal"><i>Seneschal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sentinel_(P256)" title="HMS Sentinel (P256)"><i>Sentinel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Saga" title="HMS Saga"><i>Saga</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scorcher" title="HMS Scorcher"><i>Scorcher</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sidon_(P259)" title="HMS Sidon (P259)"><i>Sidon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sleuth" title="HMS Sleuth"><i>Sleuth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Solent_(P262)" title="HMS Solent (P262)"><i>Solent</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spearhead" title="HMS Spearhead"><i>Spearhead</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Springer" title="HMS Springer"><i>Springer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spur" title="HMS Spur"><i>Spur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sanguine" title="HMS Sanguine"><i>Sanguine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)#Third_group" title="British S-class submarine (1931)"><i>Sea Robin</i></a><sup>X</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)#Third_group" title="British S-class submarine (1931)"><i>Sprightly</i></a><sup>X</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)#Third_group" title="British S-class submarine (1931)"><i>Surface</i></a><sup>X</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_S-class_submarine_(1931)#Third_group" title="British S-class submarine (1931)"><i>Surge</i></a><sup>X</sup></li> <li>P-81 — P-87 (Unnamed)<sup>X</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_operators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other operators</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div><div style="float: left;"><small><a href="/wiki/Saphir-class_submarine_(1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saphir-class submarine (1951)"><i>Saphir</i> class</a></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Statesman" title="HMS Statesman"><i>Sultane</i></a> (ex-<i>Statesman</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Satyr_(P214)" title="HMS Satyr (P214)"><i>Saphir</i></a> (ex-<i>Satyr</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spiteful_(P227)" title="HMS Spiteful (P227)"><i>Sirene</i></a> (ex-<i>Spiteful</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sportsman" title="HMS Sportsman"><i>Sibylle</i></a> (ex-<i>Sportsman</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sanguine" title="HMS Sanguine"><i>Rahav</i></a> (ex-<i>Sanguine</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Springer" title="HMS Springer"><i>Tanin</i></a> (ex-<i>Springer</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg/46px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sturgeon_(73S)" title="HMS Sturgeon (73S)"><i>Zeehond</i></a> (ex-<i>Sturgeon</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Naval_Jack_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spur" title="HMS Spur"><i>Narval</i></a> (ex-<i>Spur</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Saga" title="HMS Saga"><i>Náutilo</i></a> (ex-<i>Saga</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Spearhead" title="HMS Spearhead"><i>Neptuno</i></a> (ex-<i>Spearhead</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281950%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sunfish_(81S)" title="HMS Sunfish (81S)"><i>V-1</i></a> (ex-<i>Sunfish</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Rainbow-class_submarine" title="Rainbow-class submarine"><i>Rainbow</i> class</a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/River-class_submarine" title="River-class submarine">River class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Citadel_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Citadel,_The_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" title="Template:The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Citadel,_The_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Citadel,_The_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Citadel_Military_College_of_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel" title="The Citadel"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Citadel Military College of South Carolina</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Baker_School_of_Business" title="Baker School of Business">Business</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zucker_Family_School_of_Education" title="Zucker Family School of Education">Education</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_School_of_Engineering" title="The Citadel School of Engineering">Engineering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_School_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citadel School of Humanities and Social Sciences">Humanities and Social Sciences</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Swain_Family_School_of_Science_and_Mathematics" title="Swain Family School of Science and Mathematics">Science and Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krause_Center_for_Leadership_and_Ethics" title="Krause Center for Leadership and Ethics">Leadership and Ethics</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Citadel,_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg/140px-The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg/210px-The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg/280px-The_Citadel%2C_Military_College_of_South_Carolina-2420434549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%">Academic programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Citadel_Graduate_College" title="Citadel Graduate College">Graduate College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_Graduate_Center" title="Lowcountry Graduate Center">Lowcountry Graduate Center</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs" title="The Citadel Bulldogs"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Teams</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs" title="The Citadel Bulldogs">The Citadel Bulldogs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_baseball" title="The Citadel Bulldogs baseball">Baseball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_basketball" title="The Citadel Bulldogs basketball">Basketball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_football" title="The Citadel Bulldogs football">Football</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_rifle" title="The Citadel Bulldogs rifle">Rifle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_women%27s_soccer" title="The Citadel Bulldogs women's soccer">Soccer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_men%27s_tennis" title="The Citadel Bulldogs men's tennis">Tennis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_women%27s_volleyball" title="The Citadel Bulldogs women's volleyball">Volleyball</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_Bulldogs_wrestling" title="The Citadel Bulldogs wrestling">Wrestling</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Facilities</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Hagood_Stadium" title="Johnson Hagood Stadium">Johnson Hagood Stadium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/McAlister_Field_House" title="McAlister Field House">McAlister Field House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr._Park" title="Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park">Joseph P. Riley Jr. Park</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/College_Park_(Charleston)" title="College Park (Charleston)">College Park</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inouye_Marksmanship_Center" title="Inouye Marksmanship Center">Inouye Marksmanship Center</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_of_The_Citadel" title="Campus of The Citadel">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Library" title="Daniel Library">Daniel Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padgett-Thomas_Barracks" title="Padgett-Thomas Barracks">Padgett-Thomas Barracks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#After_the_war">HMS Seraph Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Arsenal" title="South Carolina State Arsenal">Old Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerall_Chapel" title="Summerall Chapel">Summerall Chapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Corps_of_Cadets" title="South Carolina Corps of Cadets">South Carolina Corps of Cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Honor_Code#Senior_Military_Colleges" title="Cadet Honor Code">Honor Code</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brigadier_(newspaper)" title="The Brigadier (newspaper)">The Brigadier</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Regimental_Band_and_Pipes" title="The Regimental Band and Pipes">The Regimental Band and Pipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summerall_Guards" title="The Summerall Guards">The Summerall Guards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#002856;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #7BADD3, inset -2px -2px 0 #7BADD3;;width:1%">People and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_The_Citadel" title="Presidents of The Citadel">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_The_Citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of alumni of The Citadel">Notable alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_Citadel" title="History of The Citadel">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Academy" title="Arsenal Academy">Arsenal Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmetto_Regiment" title="Palmetto Regiment">Palmetto Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Military_Academy" title="South Carolina Military Academy">South Carolina Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Light_Infantry" title="Washington Light Infantry">Washington Light Infantry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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