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</div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descubrimento_do_fenómeno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descubrimento_do_fenómeno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descubrimento do fenómeno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descubrimento_do_fenómeno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enunciado_da_lei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enunciado_da_lei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Enunciado da lei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enunciado_da_lei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constante_de_Coulomb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constante_de_Coulomb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Constante de Coulomb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constante_de_Coulomb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lei de Coulomb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 79 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_se_wet" title="Coulomb se wet – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Coulomb se wet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombsches_Gesetz" title="Coulombsches Gesetz – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Coulombsches Gesetz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%8E%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A5_%E1%88%85%E1%8C%8D" title="የኩሎምብ ህግ – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኩሎምብ ህግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="قانون كولوم – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون كولوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_de_Coulomb" title="Llei de Coulomb – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llei de Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulon_qanunu" title="Kulon qanunu – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kulon qanunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закон Кулона – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закон Кулона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закон Кулёна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Закон Кулёна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Закон на Кулон – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закон на Кулон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="কুলম্বের সূত্র – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুলম্বের সূত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Coulombov zakon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_de_Coulomb" title="Llei de Coulomb – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei de Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%C5%AFv_z%C3%A1kon" title="Coulombův zákon – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Coulombův zákon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Кулон саккунĕ – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кулон саккунĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombs_lov" title="Coulombs lov – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Coulombs lov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombsches_Gesetz" title="Coulombsches Gesetz – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coulombsches Gesetz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Νόμος του Κουλόμπ – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμος του Κουλόμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law" title="Coulomb's law – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coulomb's law" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulomba_le%C4%9Do" title="Kulomba leĝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kulomba leĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_Coulomb" title="Ley de Coulomb – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley de Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27i_seadus" title="Coulomb'i seadus – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Coulomb'i seadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomben_legea" title="Coulomben legea – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coulomben legea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86" title="قانون کولن – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون کولن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombin_laki" title="Coulombin laki – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coulombin laki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_Coulomb_(%C3%A9lectrostatique)" title="Loi de Coulomb (électrostatique) – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Loi de Coulomb (électrostatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%AD_Coulomb" title="Dlí Coulomb – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlí Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חוק קולון – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק קולון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कूलॉम-नियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कूलॉम-नियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Coulombov zakon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_koulon" title="Lwa koulon – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa koulon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb-t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9ny" title="Coulomb-törvény – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Coulomb-törvény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Կուլոնի օրենք – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուլոնի օրենք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Coulomb" title="Hukum Coulomb – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BAlombskraftur" title="Kúlombskraftur – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúlombskraftur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_di_Coulomb" title="Forza di Coulomb – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forza di Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="クーロンの法則 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クーロンの法則" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კულონის კანონი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კულონის კანონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" title="Кулон заңы – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кулон заңы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ច្បាប់គូឡុំ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ច្បាប់គូឡុំ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A8%EB%A1%B1_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="쿨롱 법칙 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿨롱 법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAza_karebay%C3%AE" title="Hêza karebayî – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hêza karebayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Кулон мыйзамы – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кулон мыйзамы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulono_d%C4%97snis" title="Kulono dėsnis – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kulono dėsnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulona_likums" title="Kulona likums – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kulona likums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кулонов закон – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кулонов закон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="കൂളോം നിയമം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൂളോം നിയമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кулоны хууль – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кулоны хууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Coulomb" title="Hukum Coulomb – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukum Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99" title="ကူးလောင်း၏ နိယာမ – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကူးလောင်း၏ နိယာမ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कूलम्बको नियम – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कूलम्बको नियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_van_Coulomb" title="Wet van Coulomb – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wet van Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb-lova" title="Coulomb-lova – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Coulomb-lova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombs_lov" title="Coulombs lov – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Coulombs lov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%AE" title="ਕੂਲੌਂਬ ਦਾ ਨਿਯਮ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੂਲੌਂਬ ਦਾ ਨਿਯਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_Coulomba" title="Prawo Coulomba – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo Coulomba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej_%C3%ABd_Coulomb" title="Lej ëd Coulomb – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej ëd Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="کولمب دا قنون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کولمب دا قنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Coulomb" title="Lei de Coulomb – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei de Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legea_lui_Coulomb" title="Legea lui Coulomb – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legea lui Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закон Кулона – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закон Кулона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Coulombov zakon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law" title="Coulomb's law – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coulomb's law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombov_z%C3%A1kon" title="Coulombov zákon – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Coulombov zákon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Coulombov zakon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligji_i_Kulombit" title="Ligji i Kulombit – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligji i Kulombit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кулонов закон – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кулонов закон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulombs_lag" title="Coulombs lag – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coulombs lag" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="கூலும் விதி – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூலும் விதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batas_ni_Coulomb" title="Batas ni Coulomb – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Batas ni Coulomb" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_kanunu" title="Coulomb kanunu – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coulomb kanunu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кулон законы – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кулон законы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Закон Кулона – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закон Кулона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8" title="قانون کولمب – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قانون کولمب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulon_qonuni" title="Kulon qonuni – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kulon qonuni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c_t%C4%A9nh_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Lực tĩnh điện – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lực tĩnh điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="库仑定律 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="库仑定律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="库仑定律 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="库仑定律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%96%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="庫侖定律 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="庫侖定律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%96%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="庫侖定律 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="庫侖定律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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title="Lei de Ampère">Lei de Ampère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_magn%C3%A9tico" title="Campo magnético">Campo magnético</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetizaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetización (a páxina aínda non existe)">Magnetización</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxo_magn%C3%A9tico" title="Fluxo magnético">Fluxo magnético</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_de_Biot%E2%80%93Savart" title="Lei de Biot–Savart">Lei de Biot–Savart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momento_magn%C3%A9tico" title="Momento magnético">Momento do dipolo magnético</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Gauss_para_o_magnetismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei de Gauss para o magnetismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lei de Gauss para o magnetismo</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> <a href="/wiki/Electrodin%C3%A1mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrodinámica">Electrodinámica</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forza_de_Lorentz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forza de Lorentz (a páxina aínda non existe)">Forza de Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induci%C3%B3n_electromagn%C3%A9tica" title="Indución electromagnética">Indución electromagnética</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_de_Faraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Lei de Faraday">Lei de Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Lenz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei de Lenz (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lei de Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrente_de_desprazamento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrente de desprazamento (a páxina aínda non existe)">Corrente de desprazamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuaci%C3%B3ns_de_Maxwell" title="Ecuacións de Maxwell">Ecuacións de Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_electromagn%C3%A9tico" title="Campo electromagnético">Campo electromagnético</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_electromagn%C3%A9tica" title="Radiación electromagnética">Radiación electromagnética</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensor_de_Maxwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensor de Maxwell (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tensor de Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vector_de_Poynting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vector de Poynting (a páxina aínda non existe)">Vector de Poynting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potencial_de_Li%C3%A9nard%E2%80%93Wiechert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potencial de Liénard–Wiechert (a páxina aínda non existe)">Potencial de Liénard–Wiechert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecuaci%C3%B3ns_de_Jefimenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuacións de Jefimenko (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ecuacións de Jefimenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrente_de_Foucault" title="Corrente de Foucault">Corrente de Foucault</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> <a href="/wiki/Circu%C3%ADto_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Circuíto eléctrico">Circuíto eléctrico</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrente_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Corrente eléctrica">Corrente eléctrica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_el%C3%A9ctrico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potential eléctrico (a páxina aínda non existe)">Potential eléctrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Tensión eléctrica">Voltaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistencia_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Resistencia eléctrica">Resistencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_de_Ohm" title="Lei de Ohm">Lei de Ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circu%C3%ADto_en_serie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circuíto en serie (a páxina aínda non existe)">Circuíto en serie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circu%C3%ADto_paralelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circuíto paralelo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Circuíto paralelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrente_continua" title="Corrente continua">Corrente continua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrente_alterna" title="Corrente alterna">Corrente alterna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forza_electromotriz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forza electromotriz (a páxina aínda non existe)">Forza electromotriz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capacitancia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capacitancia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Capacitancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indutancia" title="Indutancia">Indutancia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impedancia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impedancia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Impedancia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> Formulación covariante</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensor_electromagn%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensor electromagnético (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tensor electromagnético</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensor_de_enerx%C3%ADa-impulso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensor de enerxía-impulso (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tensor de enerxía-impulso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuadricorrente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuadricorrente (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cuadricorrente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuadripotencial_electromagn%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuadripotencial electromagnético (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cuadripotencial electromagnético</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> Científicos</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Heaviside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Heaviside (a páxina aínda non existe)">Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Henry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Henry (a páxina aínda non existe)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Hertz">Hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Electromagnetismo" title="Modelo:Electromagnetismo"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/wiki/Conversa_modelo:Electromagnetismo" title="Conversa modelo:Electromagnetismo"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Electromagnetismo&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Denomínase <b>interacción electrostática</b> ou <b>forza electrostática</b> á forza de atracción ou repulsión que se observa entre obxectos con carga eléctrica, debida á soa existencia destas cargas, dando orixe ao campo electrostático. As características cuantitativas deste fenómeno foron estudadas por Coulomb e Cavendish, dando orixe ao que se coñece como <b>Lei de Coulomb</b>. </p><p>A <b>lei de Coulomb</b> leva o seu nome en honor a <a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a>, un dos seus descubridores e o primeiro en publicalo. Porén, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavendish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavendish (a páxina aínda non existe)">Henry Cavendish</a> obtivo a expresión correcta da lei, con maior precisión que Coulomb, aínda que isto non se soubo ata logo da súa morte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descubrimento_do_fenómeno"><span id="Descubrimento_do_fen.C3.B3meno"></span>Descubrimento do fenómeno</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Descubrimento do fenómeno»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Descubrimento do fenómeno"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Bcoulomb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/200px-Bcoulomb.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/300px-Bcoulomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bcoulomb.png/400px-Bcoulomb.png 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2085" /></a><figcaption>Balanza de torsión de Coulomb</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Inversa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inversa.png/200px-Inversa.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inversa.png/300px-Inversa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Inversa.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Variación da Forza de Coulomb en función da distancia</figcaption></figure> <p>Coulomb estudou en detalle as forzas de interacción entre partículas con carga eléctrica, facendo referencia a cargas puntuais (aquelas cargas cuxa magnitude é moi pequena respecto da distancia que os separa). </p><p>Este notorio físico francés efectuou medicións moi coidadosas das forzas existentes entre cargas puntuales utilizando unha balanza de torsión similar á usada por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavendish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavendish (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cavendish</a> para avaliar a <a href="/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade">lei da gravitación universal</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balanza_de_torsi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balanza de torsión (a páxina aínda non existe)">balanza de torsión</a> consiste nunha barra que colga dunha fibra. Esta fibra é capaz de torcerse, e se a barra vira a fibra tende a regresala á súa posición orixinal. Se se coñece a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forza_de_torsi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forza de torsión (a páxina aínda non existe)">forza de torsión</a> que a fibra exerce sobre a barra, lógrase un método sensible para medir forzas. </p><p>Na barra da balanza, Coulomb, colocou unha pequena <a href="/wiki/Esfera" title="Esfera">esfera</a> cargada e, a continuación, a diferentes distancias, situou outra esfera con carga de igual <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_f%C3%ADsica" title="Magnitude física">magnitude</a>. Logo mediu a forza entre elas observando o <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngulo" title="Ángulo">ángulo</a> que viraba a barra. </p><p>Devanditas medicións permitiron determinar que: </p><p>1) A forza de interacción entre dúas cargas <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9daa41f6e8f78ea6bb5711d7ac97901ce564b94e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fd2d05084feb02b8ba29b0673440fb673b102589" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"></span> duplica a súa magnitude se algunha das cargas dobra o seu valor, triplícaa se algunha das cargas aumenta o seu valor nun factor de tres, e así sucesivamente. Concluíu entón que o valor da forza era proporcional ao produto das cargas: </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec86a832c57e76bd90bfa2600197fd4bb435ff02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.128ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ae659030dd6edca6cae61c9f3672f590f80df2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.195ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/368ce6ffac8ad638047b34fe40000193686f195e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.478ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}\,\!}"></span>     e     <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec86a832c57e76bd90bfa2600197fd4bb435ff02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.128ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ae659030dd6edca6cae61c9f3672f590f80df2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.195ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{2}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{2}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fabf55d8e51c20e94512c90d9e8e50c46bf73c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.478ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{2}\,\!}"></span> </p> </center> <p>en consecuencia: </p> <center> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec86a832c57e76bd90bfa2600197fd4bb435ff02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.128ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ae659030dd6edca6cae61c9f3672f590f80df2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.195ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d175307bfb41f0a8ae78f61c36c73709e670691b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:4.57ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2}\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> </center> <p>2) Se a distancia entre as cargas é <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>, ao duplicala, a forza de interacción diminúe nun factor de 4; ao triplicala, diminúe nun factor de 9 e ao cuadriplicar <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span>, a forza entre cargas diminúe nun factor de 16. En consecuencia, a forza de interacción entre dúas cargas puntuais, é inversamente proporcional ao cadrado da distancia: </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec86a832c57e76bd90bfa2600197fd4bb435ff02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.128ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ae659030dd6edca6cae61c9f3672f590f80df2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.195ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1 \over r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1 \over r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0de37cc197ba665cdff05db4fe3bf1f3c2b33551" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:2.939ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1 \over r^{2}}"></span> </p> </center> <p>Asociando as relacións obtidas en 1) e 2): </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec86a832c57e76bd90bfa2600197fd4bb435ff02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.128ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F\,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∝</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70ae659030dd6edca6cae61c9f3672f590f80df2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:2.195ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \propto \,\!}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2} \over r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2} \over r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ce985ae1803753b069240d13d87fba4b82434d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:5.019ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}q_{2} \over r^{2}}"></span> </p> </center> <p>Finalmente, introdúcese unha constante de proporcionalidade para transformar a relación anterior nunha igualdade: </p> <center> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e7c12d6875fc178e1d7eafed91f3a7a457fa27d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.197ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enunciado_da_lei">Enunciado da lei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Enunciado da lei»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enunciado da lei"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O enunciado que describe a <b>lei de Coulomb</b> é o seguinte: </p> <dl><dd><i>"A magnitude de cada unha das forzas eléctricas con que interactúan dúas cargas puntuales é directamente proporcional ao produto das cargas e inversamente proporcional ao cadrado da distancia que as separa."</i></dd></dl> <p>Esta lei é válida só en condicións estacionarias, é dicir, cando non hai movemento das cargas ou, como aproximación, o movemento realízase a velocidades baixas e traxectorias rectilíneas uniformes. Chámaselle á esta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forza_Electrost%C3%A1tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forza Electrostática (a páxina aínda non existe)">Forza Electrostática</a>. A parte <i>Electro</i> provén de que se trata de forzas eléctricas e <i>estática</i> debido á ausencia de movemento das cargas. </p><p>En termos matemáticos, a magnitude <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}"></span> da forza que cada unha das dúas cargas puntuais <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9daa41f6e8f78ea6bb5711d7ac97901ce564b94e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fd2d05084feb02b8ba29b0673440fb673b102589" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"></span> exerce sobre a outra separadas por unha distancia <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span> expresase coma: </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {\left|q_{1}\right|\left|q_{2}\right|}{d^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {\left|q_{1}\right|\left|q_{2}\right|}{d^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f62630d3e15af5fee39ed457bf4d9c8fe96d1dbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.171ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {\left|q_{1}\right|\left|q_{2}\right|}{d^{2}}}}"></span> </p> </center> <p><i>Dadas dúas <a href="/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica">cargas</a> puntuais <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9daa41f6e8f78ea6bb5711d7ac97901ce564b94e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{1}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fd2d05084feb02b8ba29b0673440fb673b102589" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.091ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q_{2}}"></span> separadas unha distancia <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span> no <a href="/wiki/Baleiro" title="Baleiro">baleiro</a>, atraense ou repelense entre si cunha <a href="/wiki/Forza" title="Forza">forza</a> de magnitude dada por:</i> </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0850ef0ce76c3306c9126575d84a645885ad6be9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.197ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}}"></span> </p> </center> <p>A lei de Coulomb expresada con magnitudes vectoriais é da seguinte forma: </p> <center> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}{\vec {u}}_{d}={\frac {1}{4\pi \epsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{|{\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d}}_{1}|^{3}}}({\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d_{1}}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}{\vec {u}}_{d}={\frac {1}{4\pi \epsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{|{\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d}}_{1}|^{3}}}({\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d_{1}}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7e899f6d0064cfaa7907895f7219e64ec606b8c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:44.9ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{d^{2}}}{\vec {u}}_{d}={\frac {1}{4\pi \epsilon }}{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{|{\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d}}_{1}|^{3}}}({\vec {d}}_{2}-{\vec {d_{1}}})}"></span></dd></dl> </center> <p>onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}_{d}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}_{d}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/181acad872966a27d58bd68a0c14df8a0f322736" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.422ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}_{d}}"></span> é un <a href="/wiki/Vector" title="Vector">vector</a> unitario que vai na dirección da recta que une as <a href="/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica">cargas</a>, sendo o seu sentido dende a carga que produce a forza ata a carga que a experimenta. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ley_de_Coulomb.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Ley_de_Coulomb.PNG" decoding="async" width="499" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="89" /></a><figcaption><center>Representación gráfica da Lei de Coulomb para dúas cargas do mesmo signo.</center></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constante_de_Coulomb">Constante de Coulomb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Constante de Coulomb»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Coulomb&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Constante de Coulomb"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A constante <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9af498836ebe4be809ac299c65143d79ed1545c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.726ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}"></span> é a <i>Constante de Coulomb</i> e o seu valor para unidades <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> é <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e73b22db97f1e7c1ada8304e8d3e5ff63e98672a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:4.414ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon }}}"></span> Nm²/C². </p><p>Á súa vez a constante <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon =\varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon =\varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b5baf3281fd48ad34d916fcb151d18adf609f15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.377ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon =\varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}}"></span> onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/287bce0849b56661bbaebca9942dfe3a6cadc21c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.057ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}"></span> é a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permitividade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permitividade (a páxina aínda non existe)">permitividade relativa</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}>1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}>1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/831581f23886035ca0c1b0a27184661d53fc37f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.318ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}>1}"></span>, e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}=8,85\times 10^{-12}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>85</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}=8,85\times 10^{-12}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/825ecb6d3ae96ad1ed2687c6d524c8182056ff5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.078ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}=8,85\times 10^{-12}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Faradio" class="mw-redirect" title="Faradio">F</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> é a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permitividade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permitividade (a páxina aínda non existe)">permitividade do medio no baleiro</a>. </p><p>Cando o medio que rodea ás cargas non é o baleiro hai que ter en conta a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constante_diel%C3%A9ctrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constante dieléctrica (a páxina aínda non existe)">constante dieléctrica</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permitividade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permitividade (a páxina aínda non existe)">permitividade</a> do material. </p><p>Algúns valores son: </p> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">Material </th> <th width="90"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/287bce0849b56661bbaebca9942dfe3a6cadc21c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.057ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}"></span> </th> <th width="90"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ε</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a30c89172e5b88edbd45d3e2772c7f5e562e5173" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.083ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon }"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Faradio" class="mw-redirect" title="Faradio">F</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a>) </th> <th width="90"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9af498836ebe4be809ac299c65143d79ed1545c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.726ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa \,\!}"></span> (Nm²/<a href="/wiki/Culombio" class="mw-redirect" title="Culombio">C²</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Baleiro </td> <td>1 </td> <td>8,85·10<sup>−12</sup> </td> <td>8,99·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parafina </td> <td>2,1-2,2 </td> <td>1,90·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>4,16·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mica </td> <td>6-7 </td> <td>5,76·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,38·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papel parafinado </td> <td>2,2 </td> <td>1,95·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>4,09·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polistireno </td> <td>1,05 </td> <td>9,30·10<sup>−12</sup> </td> <td>8,56·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baquelita </td> <td>3,8-5 </td> <td>3,90·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>2,04·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C-irbolito </td> <td>3-5 </td> <td>3,54·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>2,25·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vidro orgánico </td> <td>3,2-3,6 </td> <td>3,01·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>2,64·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vidro </td> <td>5,5-10 </td> <td>6,86·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,16·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aire </td> <td>1,0006 </td> <td>8,86·10<sup>−12</sup> </td> <td>8,98·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mármore </td> <td>7,5-10 </td> <td>7,75·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,03·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ebonita </td> <td>2,5-3 </td> <td>2,43·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>3,27·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Porcelana </td> <td>5,5-6,5 </td> <td>5,31·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,50·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Micalex </td> <td>7-9 </td> <td>7,08·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,12·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Micarta A e B </td> <td>7-8 </td> <td>6,64·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>1,20·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Batista vernizada </td> <td>3,5-5 </td> <td>3,76·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>2,11·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goma en follas </td> <td>2,6-3,5 </td> <td>2,70·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>2,95·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polistireno </td> <td>2,7 </td> <td>2,39·10<sup>−11</sup> </td> <td>3,33·10<sup>9</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <p>A ecuación da lei de Coulomb queda finalmente expresada da seguinte forma: </p> <center> <table border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e7c12d6875fc178e1d7eafed91f3a7a457fa27d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.197ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=\kappa {\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}}}"></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83152" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q83152">Q83152</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2120680">2120680</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Coulombs-law">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0020415.xml">0020415</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7595673-1">7595673-1</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/coulombs-law">coulombs-law</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/193874036">193874036</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH3356">3356</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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