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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.05505">arXiv:2203.05505</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.05505">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2203.05505">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=PIONEER+Collaboration"> PIONEER Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Altmannshofer%2C+W">W. Altmannshofer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Binney%2C+H">H. Binney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bryman%2C+D">D. Bryman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caminada%2C+L">L. Caminada</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+S">S. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cirigliano%2C+V">V. Cirigliano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corrodi%2C+S">S. Corrodi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crivellin%2C+A">A. Crivellin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cuen-Rochin%2C+S">S. Cuen-Rochin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Canto%2C+A">A. Di Canto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doria%2C+L">L. Doria</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gaponenko%2C+A">A. Gaponenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+A">A. Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibbons%2C+L">L. Gibbons</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Glaser%2C+C">C. Glaser</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Godoy%2C+M+E">M. Escobar Godoy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=G%C3%B6ldi%2C+D">D. G枚ldi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gori%2C+S">S. Gori</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T">T. Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hertzog%2C+D">D. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hodge%2C+Z">Z. Hodge</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hoferichter%2C+M">M. Hoferichter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ito%2C+S">S. Ito</a> , et al. (36 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.05505v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The physics motivation and the conceptual design of the PIONEER experiment, a next-generation rare pion decay experiment testing lepton flavor universality and CKM unitarity, are described. Phase I of the PIONEER experiment, which was proposed and approved at Paul Scherrer Institut, aims at measuring the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs.\ muons, $R_{e/渭}$, 15 times more precisely than… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.05505v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2203.05505v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.05505v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The physics motivation and the conceptual design of the PIONEER experiment, a next-generation rare pion decay experiment testing lepton flavor universality and CKM unitarity, are described. Phase I of the PIONEER experiment, which was proposed and approved at Paul Scherrer Institut, aims at measuring the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs.\ muons, $R_{e/渭}$, 15 times more precisely than the current experimental result, reaching the precision of the Standard Model (SM) prediction at 1 part in $10^4$. Considering several inconsistencies between the SM predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality, the PIONEER experiment will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles up to the PeV mass scale. The later phases of the PIONEER experiment aim at improving the experimental precision of the branching ratio of pion beta decay (BRPB), $蟺^+\to 蟺^0 e^+ 谓(纬)$, currently at $1.036(6)\times10^{-8}$, by a factor of three (Phase II) and an order of magnitude (Phase III). Such precise measurements of BRPB will allow for tests of CKM unitarity in light of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly and the theoretically cleanest extraction of $|V_{ud}|$ at the 0.02\% level, comparable to the deduction from superallowed beta decays. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.05505v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2203.05505v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">contribution to Snowmass 2021 based on the PIONEER proposal (arXiv:2203.01981)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.01981">arXiv:2203.01981</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.01981">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2203.01981">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> PIONEER: Studies of Rare Pion Decays </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=PIONEER+Collaboration"> PIONEER Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Altmannshofer%2C+W">W. Altmannshofer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Binney%2C+H">H. Binney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blucher%2C+E">E. Blucher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bryman%2C+D">D. Bryman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caminada%2C+L">L. Caminada</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+S">S. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cirigliano%2C+V">V. Cirigliano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corrodi%2C+S">S. Corrodi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crivellin%2C+A">A. Crivellin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cuen-Rochin%2C+S">S. Cuen-Rochin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=DiCanto%2C+A">A. DiCanto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doria%2C+L">L. Doria</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gaponenko%2C+A">A. Gaponenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+A">A. Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibbons%2C+L">L. Gibbons</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Glaser%2C+C">C. Glaser</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Godoy%2C+M+E">M. Escobar Godoy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=G%C3%B6ldi%2C+D">D. G枚ldi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gori%2C+S">S. Gori</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T">T. Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hertzog%2C+D">D. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hodge%2C+Z">Z. Hodge</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hoferichter%2C+M">M. Hoferichter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ito%2C+S">S. Ito</a> , et al. (36 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.01981v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A next-generation rare pion decay experiment, PIONEER, is strongly motivated by several inconsistencies between Standard Model (SM) predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality. It will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles even if their masses are at very high scales. Measurement of the c… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.01981v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2203.01981v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.01981v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A next-generation rare pion decay experiment, PIONEER, is strongly motivated by several inconsistencies between Standard Model (SM) predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality. It will probe non-SM explanations of these anomalies through sensitivity to quantum effects of new particles even if their masses are at very high scales. Measurement of the charged-pion branching ratio to electrons vs. muons $R_{e/渭}$ is extremely sensitive to new physics effects. At present, the SM prediction for $R_{e/渭}$ is known to 1 part in $10^4$, which is 15 times more precise than the current experimental result. An experiment reaching the theoretical accuracy will test lepton flavor universality at an unprecedented level, probing mass scales up to the PeV range. Measurement of pion beta decay, $蟺^+\to 蟺^0 e^+ 谓(纬)$, with 3 to 10-fold improvement in sensitivity, will determine $V_{ud}$ in a theoretically pristine manner and test CKM unitarity, which is very important in light of the recently emerged tensions. In addition, various exotic rare decays involving sterile neutrinos and axions will be searched for with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment design benefits from experience with the recent PIENU and PEN experiments at TRIUMF and the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). Excellent energy and time resolutions, greatly increased calorimeter depth, high-speed detector and electronics response, large solid angle coverage, and complete event reconstruction are all critical aspects of the approach. The PIONEER experiment design includes a 3$蟺$ sr 25 radiation length calorimeter, a segmented low gain avalanche detector stopping target, a positron tracker, and other detectors. Using intense pion beams, and state-of-the-art instrumentation and computational resources, the experiments can be performed at the PSI ring cyclotron. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.01981v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2203.01981v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 3 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.03240">arXiv:2104.03240</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.03240">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2104.03240">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.044002">10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.044002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Albahri%2C+T">T. Albahri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anastasi%2C+A">A. Anastasi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Badgley%2C+K">K. Badgley</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bae%C3%9Fler%2C+S">S. Bae脽ler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bailey%2C+I">I. Bailey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baranov%2C+V+A">V. A. Baranov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barlas-Yucel%2C+E">E. Barlas-Yucel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barrett%2C+T">T. Barrett</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bedeschi%2C+F">F. Bedeschi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Berz%2C+M">M. Berz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bhattacharya%2C+M">M. Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Binney%2C+H+P">H. P. Binney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bloom%2C+P">P. Bloom</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bono%2C+J">J. Bono</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bottalico%2C+E">E. Bottalico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowcock%2C+T">T. Bowcock</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cantatore%2C+G">G. Cantatore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carey%2C+R+M">R. M. Carey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Casey%2C+B+C+K">B. C. K. Casey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cauz%2C+D">D. Cauz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chakraborty%2C+R">R. Chakraborty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chang%2C+S+P">S. P. Chang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapelain%2C+A">A. Chapelain</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charity%2C+S">S. Charity</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chislett%2C+R">R. Chislett</a> , et al. (152 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2104.03240v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $蠅_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is fe… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2104.03240v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2104.03240v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2104.03240v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $蠅_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $蠅_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $蠅_a^m$. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2104.03240v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2104.03240v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 April, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 7 April, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-PUB-21-133-E </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 24, 044002 (2021) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08412">arXiv:2101.08412</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08412">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2101.08412">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107020">10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107020 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Systematic and Statistical Uncertainties of the Hilbert-Transform Based High-precision FID Frequency Extraction Method </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong%2C+R">Ran Hong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Corrodi%2C+S">Simon Corrodi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Charity%2C+S">Saskia Charity</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baessler%2C+S">Stefan Baessler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bono%2C+J">Jason Bono</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chupp%2C+T">Timothy Chupp</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fertl%2C+M">Martin Fertl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Flay%2C+D">David Flay</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garcia%2C+A">Alejandro Garcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=George%2C+J">Jimin George</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giovanetti%2C+K+L">Kevin Louis Giovanetti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T">Timothy Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grange%2C+J">Joseph Grange</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong%2C+K+W">Kyun Woo Hong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kawall%2C+D">David Kawall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiburg%2C+B">Brendan Kiburg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+B">Bingzhi Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Osofsky%2C+R">Rachel Osofsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">Dinko Pocanic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ramachandran%2C+S">Suvarna Ramachandran</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Smith%2C+M">Matthias Smith</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Swanson%2C+H+E">Herbert Erik Swanson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tewsley-Booth%2C+A">Alec Tewsley-Booth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Winter%2C+P">Peter Winter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yang%2C+T">Tianyu Yang</a> , et al. (1 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.08412v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used in high-precision magnetic field measurements. The absolute value of the magnetic field is determined from the precession frequency of nuclear magnetic moments. The Hilbert transform is widely used to extract the phase function from the observed free induction decay (FID) signal and then its frequency. In this paper, a detailed implementation… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.08412v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2101.08412v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2101.08412v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used in high-precision magnetic field measurements. The absolute value of the magnetic field is determined from the precession frequency of nuclear magnetic moments. The Hilbert transform is widely used to extract the phase function from the observed free induction decay (FID) signal and then its frequency. In this paper, a detailed implementation of a Hilbert-transform based FID frequency extraction method is described. How artifacts and noise level in the FID signal affect the extracted phase function are derived analytically. A method of mitigating the artifacts in the extracted phase function of an FID is discussed. Correlations between noises of the phase function samples are studied for different noise spectra. We discovered that the error covariance matrix for the extracted phase function is nearly singular and improper for constructing the $蠂^2$ used in the fitting routine. A down-sampling method for fixing the singular covariance matrix has been developed, so that the minimum $蠂^2$-fit yields properly the statistical uncertainty of the extracted frequency. Other practical methods of obtaining the statistical uncertainty are also discussed. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2101.08412v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2101.08412v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 January, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 20 January, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-PUB-21-017-E </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12266">arXiv:2012.12266</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.12266">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2012.12266">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Phenomenology">hep-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165460">10.1016/j.nima.2021.165460 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Beam particle tracking with a low-mass mini time projection chamber in the PEN experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Glaser%2C+C+J">C. J. Glaser</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Schaaf%2C+A">A. van der Schaaf</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baranov%2C+V+A">V. A. Baranov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khomutov%2C+N+V">N. V. Khomutov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kravchuk%2C+N+P">N. P. Kravchuk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuchinsky%2C+N+A">N. A. Kuchinsky</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.12266v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The international PEN collaboration aims to obtain the branching ratio for the pion electronic decay $蟺^+ \to e^+谓_e(纬)$, aka $蟺_{e2}$, to a relative precision of $5\times 10^{-4}$ or better. The PEN apparatus comprises a number of detection systems, all contributing vital information to the PEN event reconstruction. This paper discusses the design, performance, and Monte Carlo simulation of the m… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.12266v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2012.12266v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.12266v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The international PEN collaboration aims to obtain the branching ratio for the pion electronic decay $蟺^+ \to e^+谓_e(纬)$, aka $蟺_{e2}$, to a relative precision of $5\times 10^{-4}$ or better. The PEN apparatus comprises a number of detection systems, all contributing vital information to the PEN event reconstruction. This paper discusses the design, performance, and Monte Carlo simulation of the mini time projection chamber (mTPC) used for pion, muon, and positron beam particle tracking. We also review the use of the extracted trajectory coordinates in the analysis, in particular in constructing observables critical for discriminating background processes, and in maximizing the fiducial volume of the target in which decay event vertices can be accepted for branching ratio extraction without introducing bias. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.12266v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2012.12266v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 May, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 22 December, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">24 pages, 23 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04407">arXiv:1905.04407</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.04407">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1905.04407">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162558">10.1016/j.nima.2019.162558 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Performance of the Muon $g-2$ calorimeter and readout systems measured with test beam data </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khaw%2C+K+S">K. S. Khaw</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bartolini%2C+M">M. Bartolini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Binney%2C+H">H. Binney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bjorkquist%2C+R">R. Bjorkquist</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapelain%2C+A">A. Chapelain</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Driutti%2C+A">A. Driutti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferrari%2C+C">C. Ferrari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fienberg%2C+A+T">A. T. Fienberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fioretti%2C+A">A. Fioretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gabbanini%2C+C">C. Gabbanini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ganguly%2C+S">S. Ganguly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibbons%2C+L+K">L. K. Gibbons</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gioiosa%2C+A">A. Gioiosa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giovanetti%2C+K">K. Giovanetti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gohn%2C+W+P">W. P. Gohn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T+P">T. P. Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hempstead%2C+J+B">J. B. Hempstead</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hertzog%2C+D+W">D. W. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iacovacci%2C+M">M. Iacovacci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaspar%2C+J">J. Kaspar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuchibhotla%2C+A">A. Kuchibhotla</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Leo%2C+S">S. Leo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lusiani%2C+A">A. Lusiani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mastroianni%2C+S">S. Mastroianni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pauletta%2C+G">G. Pauletta</a> , et al. (9 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1905.04407v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A single calorimeter station for the Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermilab includes the following subsystems: a 54-element array of PbF$_{2}$ Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area SiPMs, bias and slow-control electronics, a suite of 800 MSPS waveform digitizers, a clock and control distribution network, a gain calibration and monitoring system, and a GPU-based frontend read out through a MIDAS dat… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1905.04407v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1905.04407v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1905.04407v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A single calorimeter station for the Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermilab includes the following subsystems: a 54-element array of PbF$_{2}$ Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area SiPMs, bias and slow-control electronics, a suite of 800 MSPS waveform digitizers, a clock and control distribution network, a gain calibration and monitoring system, and a GPU-based frontend read out through a MIDAS data acquisition environment. The entire system performance was evaluated using 2.5 - 5 GeV electrons at the End Station Test Beam at SLAC. This paper includes a description of the individual subsystems and the results of measurements of the energy response and resolution, energy-scale stability, timing resolution, and spatial uniformity. All measured performances meet or exceed the $g-2$ experimental requirements. Based on the success of the tests, the complete production of the required 24 calorimeter stations has been made and installation into the main experiment is complete. Furthermore, the calorimeter response measurements determined here informed the design of the reconstruction algorithms that are now employed in the running $g-2$ experiment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1905.04407v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1905.04407v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 February, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 10 May, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">16 pages, 27 figures. Updated to match published version</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-PUB-19-198-PPD </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> NIM A 945, 162558 (2019) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08258">arXiv:1812.08258</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.08258">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1812.08258">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-018-1538-7">10.1007/s10751-018-1538-7 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Using Nab to determine correlations in unpolarized neutron decay </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Broussard%2C+L+J">L. J. Broussard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bae%C3%9Fler%2C+S">S. Bae脽ler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bailey%2C+T+L">T. L. Bailey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Birge%2C+N">N. Birge</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowman%2C+J+D">J. D. Bowman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crawford%2C+C+B">C. B. Crawford</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cude-Woods%2C+C">C. Cude-Woods</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fellers%2C+D+E">D. E. Fellers</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fomin%2C+N">N. Fomin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frle%C5%BE%2C+E">E. Frle啪</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gericke%2C+M+T+W">M. T. W. Gericke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hayen%2C+L">L. Hayen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jezghani%2C+A+P">A. P. Jezghani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+H">H. Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Macsai%2C+N">N. Macsai</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Makela%2C+M+F">M. F. Makela</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mammei%2C+R+R">R. R. Mammei</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mathews%2C+D">D. Mathews</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McGaughey%2C+P+L">P. L. McGaughey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mueller%2C+P+E">P. E. Mueller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Po%C4%8Dani%C4%87%2C+D">D. Po膷ani膰</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Royse%2C+C+A">C. A. Royse</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Salas-Bacci%2C+A">A. Salas-Bacci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sjue%2C+S+K+L">S. K. L. Sjue</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ramsey%2C+J+C">J. C. Ramsey</a> , et al. (6 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1812.08258v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Nab experiment will measure the ratio of the weak axial-vector and vector coupling constants $位=g_A/g_V$ with precision $未位/位\sim3\times10^{-4}$ and search for a Fierz term $b_F$ at a level $螖b_F<10^{-3}$. The Nab detection system uses thick, large area, segmented silicon detectors to very precisely determine the decay proton's time of flight and the decay electron's energy in coincidence and… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1812.08258v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1812.08258v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1812.08258v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Nab experiment will measure the ratio of the weak axial-vector and vector coupling constants $位=g_A/g_V$ with precision $未位/位\sim3\times10^{-4}$ and search for a Fierz term $b_F$ at a level $螖b_F<10^{-3}$. The Nab detection system uses thick, large area, segmented silicon detectors to very precisely determine the decay proton's time of flight and the decay electron's energy in coincidence and reconstruct the correlation between the antineutrino and electron momenta. Excellent understanding of systematic effects affecting timing and energy reconstruction using this detection system are required. To explore these effects, a series of ex situ studies have been undertaken, including a search for a Fierz term at a less sensitive level of $螖b_F<10^{-2}$ in the beta decay of $^{45}$Ca using the UCNA spectrometer. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1812.08258v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1812.08258v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 December, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2018. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Proceedings of the 7th International Syposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics SSP2018, Aachen (Germany), 10 - 15 Jun 2018. This is a pre-print of an article published in Hyperfine Interactions. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-018-1538-7</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Hyperfine Interact. 240 (2019) no.1, 1 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.09089">arXiv:1711.09089</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.09089">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1711.09089">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.12.008">10.1016/j.nima.2017.12.008 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Design and Performance of the Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maxwell%2C+J+D">J. D. Maxwell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Armstrong%2C+W+R">W. R. Armstrong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Choi%2C+S">S. Choi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jones%2C+M+K">M. K. Jones</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kang%2C+H">H. Kang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liyanage%2C+A">A. Liyanage</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meziani%2C+Z+-">Z. -E. Meziani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mulholland%2C+J">J. Mulholland</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ndukum%2C+L">L. Ndukum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rondon%2C+O+A">O. A. Rondon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ahmidouch%2C+A">A. Ahmidouch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Albayrak%2C+I">I. Albayrak</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Asaturyan%2C+A">A. Asaturyan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ates%2C+O">O. Ates</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baghdasaryan%2C+H">H. Baghdasaryan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boeglin%2C+W">W. Boeglin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bosted%2C+P">P. Bosted</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brash%2C+E">E. Brash</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brock%2C+J">J. Brock</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butuceanu%2C+C">C. Butuceanu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bychkov%2C+M">M. Bychkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carlin%2C+C">C. Carlin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carter%2C+P">P. Carter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+C">C. Chen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+J+-">J. -P. Chen</a> , et al. (80 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1711.09089v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer $2.5 < Q^2< 6.5$ GeV$^2$ and Bjorken scaling $0.3<x<0.8$ from initial beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. Employin… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1711.09089v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1711.09089v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1711.09089v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) performed inclusive, double-polarized electron scattering measurements of the proton at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Lab. A novel detector array observed scattered electrons of four-momentum transfer $2.5 < Q^2< 6.5$ GeV$^2$ and Bjorken scaling $0.3<x<0.8$ from initial beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV. Employing a polarized proton target whose magnetic field direction could be rotated with respect to the incident electron beam, both parallel and near perpendicular spin asymmetries were measured, allowing model-independent access to transverse polarization observables $A_1$, $A_2$, $g_1$, $g_2$ and moment $d_2$ of the proton. This document summarizes the operation and performance of the polarized target, polarized electron beam, and novel detector systems used during the course of the experiment, and describes analysis techniques utilized to access the physics observables of interest. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1711.09089v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1711.09089v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 December, 2017; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 22 November, 2017; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2017. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> JLAB-PHY-17-2595 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03180">arXiv:1611.03180</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03180">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1611.03180">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01009">10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01009 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Design and performance of SiPM-based readout of PbF2 crystals for high-rate, precision timing applications </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaspar%2C+J">J. Kaspar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fienberg%2C+A+T">A. T. Fienberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hertzog%2C+D+W">D. W. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huehn%2C+M+A">M. A. Huehn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kammel%2C+P">P. Kammel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khaw%2C+K+S">K. S. Khaw</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peterson%2C+D+A">D. A. Peterson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Smith%2C+M+W">M. W. Smith</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Van+Wechel%2C+T+D">T. D. Van Wechel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapelain%2C+A">A. Chapelain</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibbons%2C+L+K">L. K. Gibbons</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sweigart%2C+D+A">D. A. Sweigart</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferrari%2C+C">C. Ferrari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fioretti%2C+A">A. Fioretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gabbanini%2C+C">C. Gabbanini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Venanzoni%2C+G">G. Venanzoni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iacovacci%2C+M">M. Iacovacci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mastroianni%2C+S">S. Mastroianni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giovanetti%2C+K">K. Giovanetti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gohn%2C+W">W. Gohn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T">T. Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1611.03180v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have developed a custom amplifier board coupled to a large-format 16-channel Hamamatsu silicon photomultiplier device for use as the light sensor for the electromagnetic calorimeters in the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab. The calorimeter absorber is an array of lead-fluoride crystals, which produces short-duration Cherenkov light. The detector sits in the high magnetic field of the muon storag… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1611.03180v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1611.03180v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1611.03180v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have developed a custom amplifier board coupled to a large-format 16-channel Hamamatsu silicon photomultiplier device for use as the light sensor for the electromagnetic calorimeters in the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab. The calorimeter absorber is an array of lead-fluoride crystals, which produces short-duration Cherenkov light. The detector sits in the high magnetic field of the muon storage ring. The SiPMs selected, and their accompanying custom electronics, must preserve the short pulse shape, have high quantum efficiency, be non-magnetic, exhibit gain stability under varying rate conditions, and cover a fairly large fraction of the crystal exit surface area. We describe an optimized design that employs the new-generation of thru-silicon via devices. The performance is documented in a series of bench and beam tests. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1611.03180v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1611.03180v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 December, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 9 November, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">In version 2, simplified schematics of the SiPM board was fixed, and high rate test redone</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-PUB-16-516-E-PPD </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02656">arXiv:1607.02656</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.02656">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1607.02656">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.12.030">10.1016/j.nima.2016.12.030 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Detection System for Neutron $尾$ Decay Correlations in the UCNB and Nab experiments </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Broussard%2C+L+J">L. J. Broussard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zeck%2C+B+A">B. A. Zeck</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Adamek%2C+E+R">E. R. Adamek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bae%C3%9Fler%2C+S">S. Bae脽ler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Birge%2C+N">N. Birge</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blatnik%2C+M">M. Blatnik</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowman%2C+J+D">J. D. Bowman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brandt%2C+A+E">A. E. Brandt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brown%2C+M">M. Brown</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burkhart%2C+J">J. Burkhart</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Callahan%2C+N+B">N. B. Callahan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clayton%2C+S+M">S. M. Clayton</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crawford%2C+C">C. Crawford</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cude-Woods%2C+C">C. Cude-Woods</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Currie%2C+S">S. Currie</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dees%2C+E+B">E. B. Dees</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ding%2C+X">X. Ding</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fomin%2C+N">N. Fomin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frlez%2C+E">E. Frlez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fry%2C+J">J. Fry</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gray%2C+F+E">F. E. Gray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hasan%2C+S">S. Hasan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hickerson%2C+K+P">K. P. Hickerson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hoagland%2C+J">J. Hoagland</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holley%2C+A+T">A. T. Holley</a> , et al. (29 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02656v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We describe a detection system designed for precise measurements of angular correlations in neutron $尾$ decay. The system is based on thick, large area, highly segmented silicon detectors developed in collaboration with Micron Semiconductor, Ltd. The prototype system meets specifications for $尾$ electron detection with energy thresholds below 10 keV, energy resolution of $\sim$3 keV FWHM, and rise… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02656v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1607.02656v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1607.02656v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We describe a detection system designed for precise measurements of angular correlations in neutron $尾$ decay. The system is based on thick, large area, highly segmented silicon detectors developed in collaboration with Micron Semiconductor, Ltd. The prototype system meets specifications for $尾$ electron detection with energy thresholds below 10 keV, energy resolution of $\sim$3 keV FWHM, and rise time of $\sim$50 ns with 19 of the 127 detector pixels instrumented. Using ultracold neutrons at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, we have demonstrated the coincident detection of $尾$ particles and recoil protons from neutron $尾$ decay. The fully instrumented detection system will be implemented in the UCNB and Nab experiments, to determine the neutron $尾$ decay parameters $B$, $a$, and $b$. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1607.02656v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1607.02656v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 January, 2017; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 9 July, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Copyright 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06858">arXiv:1501.06858</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.06858">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Muon (g-2) Technical Design Report </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grange%2C+J">J. Grange</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guarino%2C+V">V. Guarino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Winter%2C+P">P. Winter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wood%2C+K">K. Wood</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhao%2C+H">H. Zhao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carey%2C+R+M">R. M. Carey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gastler%2C+D">D. Gastler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hazen%2C+E">E. Hazen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kinnaird%2C+N">N. Kinnaird</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Miller%2C+J+P">J. P. Miller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mott%2C+J">J. Mott</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roberts%2C+B+L">B. L. Roberts</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benante%2C+J">J. Benante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crnkovic%2C+J">J. Crnkovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morse%2C+W+M">W. M. Morse</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sayed%2C+H">H. Sayed</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tishchenko%2C+V">V. Tishchenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Druzhinin%2C+V+P">V. P. Druzhinin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khazin%2C+B+I">B. I. Khazin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koop%2C+I+A">I. A. Koop</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Logashenko%2C+I">I. Logashenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shatunov%2C+Y+M">Y. M. Shatunov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Solodov%2C+E">E. Solodov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Korostelev%2C+M">M. Korostelev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Newton%2C+D">D. Newton</a> , et al. (176 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1501.06858v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Muon (g-2) Experiment, E989 at Fermilab, will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment a factor-of-four more precisely than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. The E821 result appears to be greater than the Standard-Model prediction by more than three standard deviations. When combined with expected improvement in the Standard-Model hadronic contributions, E989 should… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1501.06858v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1501.06858v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1501.06858v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Muon (g-2) Experiment, E989 at Fermilab, will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment a factor-of-four more precisely than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. The E821 result appears to be greater than the Standard-Model prediction by more than three standard deviations. When combined with expected improvement in the Standard-Model hadronic contributions, E989 should be able to determine definitively whether or not the E821 result is evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. After a review of the physics motivation and the basic technique, which will use the muon storage ring built at BNL and now relocated to Fermilab, the design of the new experiment is presented. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2/3 approval. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1501.06858v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1501.06858v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 May, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 27 January, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">666 pages</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-FN-0992-E </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.5525">arXiv:1412.5525</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.5525">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1412.5525">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028">10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fienberg%2C+A+T">A. T. Fienberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alonzi%2C+L+P">L. P. Alonzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anastasi%2C+A">A. Anastasi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bjorkquist%2C+R">R. Bjorkquist</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cauz%2C+D">D. Cauz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fatemi%2C+R">R. Fatemi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferrari%2C+C">C. Ferrari</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fioretti%2C+A">A. Fioretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frankenthal%2C+A">A. Frankenthal</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gabbanini%2C+C">C. Gabbanini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gibbons%2C+L+K">L. K. Gibbons</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giovanetti%2C+K">K. Giovanetti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Goadhouse%2C+S+D">S. D. Goadhouse</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gohn%2C+W+P">W. P. Gohn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorringe%2C+T+P">T. P. Gorringe</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hertzog%2C+D+W">D. W. Hertzog</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iacovacci%2C+M">M. Iacovacci</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kammel%2C+P">P. Kammel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kaspar%2C+J">J. Kaspar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiburg%2C+B">B. Kiburg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+L">L. Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mastroianni%2C+S">S. Mastroianni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pauletta%2C+G">G. Pauletta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peterson%2C+D+A">D. A. Peterson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a> , et al. (8 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1412.5525v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0 -- 4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1412.5525v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1412.5525v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1412.5525v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The electromagnetic calorimeter for the new muon (g-2) experiment at Fermilab will consist of arrays of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals read out by large-area silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) sensors. We report here on measurements and simulations using 2.0 -- 4.5 GeV electrons with a 28-element prototype array. All data were obtained using fast waveform digitizers to accurately capture signal pulse shapes versus energy, impact position, angle, and crystal wrapping. The SiPMs were gain matched using a laser-based calibration system, which also provided a stabilization procedure that allowed gain correction to a level of 1e-4 per hour. After accounting for longitudinal fluctuation losses, those crystals wrapped in a white, diffusive wrapping exhibited an energy resolution sigma/E of (3.4 +- 0.1) % per sqrt(E/GeV), while those wrapped in a black, absorptive wrapping had (4.6 +- 0.3) % per sqrt(E/GeV). The white-wrapped crystals---having nearly twice the total light collection---display a generally wider and impact-position-dependent pulse shape owing to the dynamics of the light propagation, in comparison to the black-wrapped crystals, which have a narrower pulse shape that is insensitive to impact position. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1412.5525v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1412.5525v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 February, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 17 December, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2014. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">14 pages, 19 figures, accepted to Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A. In v2, edited Figures 14,15, and 17 for clarity, improved explanation of energy resolution systematics, added reference to SiPM</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> FERMILAB-PUB-14-526-E-PPD </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.4737">arXiv:1408.4737</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.4737">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1408.4737">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Nuclear Experiment">nucl-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/11/114003">10.1088/0954-3899/41/11/114003 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> New precision measurements of free neutron beta decay with cold neutrons </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bae%C3%9Fler%2C+S">S. Bae脽ler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowman%2C+J+D">J. D. Bowman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Penttil%C3%A4%2C+S">S. Penttil盲</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Po%C4%8Dani%C4%87%2C+D">D. Po膷ani膰</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1408.4737v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Precision measurements in free neutron beta decay serve to determine the coupling constants of beta decay, and offer several stringent tests of the Standard Model. This paper describes the free neutron beta decay program planned for the Fundamental Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and puts it into the context of other recent and planned measuremen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1408.4737v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1408.4737v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1408.4737v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Precision measurements in free neutron beta decay serve to determine the coupling constants of beta decay, and offer several stringent tests of the Standard Model. This paper describes the free neutron beta decay program planned for the Fundamental Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and puts it into the context of other recent and planned measurements of neutron beta decay observables. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1408.4737v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1408.4737v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 August, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2014. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.7019">arXiv:1211.7019</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.7019">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Mu2e Conceptual Design Report </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Project%2C+T+M">The Mu2e Project</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collaboration"> Collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abrams%2C+R+J">R. J. Abrams</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alezander%2C+D">D. Alezander</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ambrosio%2C+G">G. Ambrosio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andreev%2C+N">N. Andreev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ankenbrandt%2C+C+M">C. M. Ankenbrandt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Asner%2C+D+M">D. M. Asner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arnold%2C+D">D. Arnold</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Artikov%2C+A">A. Artikov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barnes%2C+E">E. Barnes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bartoszek%2C+L">L. Bartoszek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bernstein%2C+R+H">R. H. Bernstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biery%2C+K">K. Biery</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Biliyar%2C+V">V. Biliyar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonicalzi%2C+R">R. Bonicalzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bossert%2C+R">R. Bossert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowden%2C+M">M. Bowden</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brandt%2C+J">J. Brandt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brown%2C+D+N">D. N. Brown</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Budagov%2C+J">J. Budagov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buehler%2C+M">M. Buehler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burov%2C+A">A. Burov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carcagno%2C+R">R. Carcagno</a> , et al. (203 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1211.7019v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1211.7019v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1211.7019v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1211.7019v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the conceptual design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-1 approval, which was granted July 11, 2012. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1211.7019v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1211.7019v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 November, 2012; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2012. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">562 pages, 339 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> Fermilab-TM-2545 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0804.4269">arXiv:0804.4269</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0804.4269">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/0804.4269">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0804.4269">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.062">10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.062 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The automatic gain-matching in the PIBETA CsI calorimeter </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frlez%2C+E">E. Frlez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bychkov%2C+M">M. Bychkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0804.4269v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Segmented electromagnetic calorimeters are used to determine both the total energy and direction (momentum components) of charged particles and photons. A trade off is involved in selecting the degree of segmentation of the calorimeter as the spatial and energy resolutions are affected differently. Increased number of individual detectors reduces accidental particle pile-up per detector but intr… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0804.4269v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0804.4269v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0804.4269v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Segmented electromagnetic calorimeters are used to determine both the total energy and direction (momentum components) of charged particles and photons. A trade off is involved in selecting the degree of segmentation of the calorimeter as the spatial and energy resolutions are affected differently. Increased number of individual detectors reduces accidental particle pile-up per detector but introduces complications related to ADC pedestals and pedestal variations, exacerbates the effects of electronic noise and ground loops, and requires summing and discrimination of multiple analog signals. Moreover, electromagnetic showers initiated by individual ionizing particles spread over several detectors. This complicates the precise gain-matching of the detector elements which requires an iterative procedure. The PIBETA calorimeter is a 240-module pure CsI non-magnetic detector optimized for detection of photons and electrons in the energy range 5-100 MeV. We present the computer-controlled, automatic, in situ gain-matching procedure that we developed and used routinely in several rare pion and muon decay experiments with the PIBETA detector. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0804.4269v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0804.4269v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 April, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">28 pages, 13 postscript figures, LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A594:18-28,2008 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0312017">arXiv:hep-ex/0312017</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ex/0312017">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/hep-ex/0312017">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/hep-ex/0312017">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.137">10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.137 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Design, Commissioning and Performance of the PIBETA Detector at PSI </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frlez%2C+E">E. Frlez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Assamagan%2C+K+A">K. A. Assamagan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bagaturia%2C+Y">Yu. Bagaturia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baranov%2C+V+A">V. A. Baranov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bertl%2C+W">W. Bertl</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Broennimann%2C+C">Ch. Broennimann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bychkov%2C+M+A">M. A. Bychkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Crawford%2C+J+F">J. F. Crawford</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Daum%2C+M">M. Daum</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fluegel%2C+T">Th. Fluegel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frosch%2C+R">R. Frosch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horisberger%2C+R">R. Horisberger</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kalinnikov%2C+V+A">V. A. Kalinnikov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karpukhin%2C+V+V">V. V. Karpukhin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khomutov%2C+N+V">N. V. Khomutov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koglin%2C+J+E">J. E. Koglin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Korenchenko%2C+A+S">A. S. Korenchenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Korenchenko%2C+S+M">S. M. Korenchenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kozlowski%2C+T">T. Kozlowski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Krause%2C+B">B. Krause</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kravchuk%2C+N+P">N. P. Kravchuk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuchinsky%2C+N+A">N. A. Kuchinsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+W">W. Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lawrence%2C+D+W">D. W. Lawrence</a> , et al. (19 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We describe the design, construction and performance of the PIBETA detector built for the precise measurement of the branching ratio of pion beta decay, pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu, at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The central part of the detector is a 240-module spherical pure CsI calorimeter covering 3*pi sr solid angle. The calorimeter is supplemented with an active collimator/beam degrader system, an ac… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We describe the design, construction and performance of the PIBETA detector built for the precise measurement of the branching ratio of pion beta decay, pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu, at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The central part of the detector is a 240-module spherical pure CsI calorimeter covering 3*pi sr solid angle. The calorimeter is supplemented with an active collimator/beam degrader system, an active segmented plastic target, a pair of low-mass cylindrical wire chambers and a 20-element cylindrical plastic scintillator hodoscope. The whole detector system is housed inside a temperature-controlled lead brick enclosure which in turn is lined with cosmic muon plastic veto counters. Commissioning and calibration data were taken during two three-month beam periods in 1999/2000 with pi+ stopping rates between 1.3*E3 pi+/s and 1.3*E6 pi+/s. We examine the timing, energy and angular detector resolution for photons, positrons and protons in the energy range of 5-150 MeV, as well as the response of the detector to cosmic muons. We illustrate the detector signatures for the assorted rare pion and muon decays and their associated backgrounds. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('hep-ex/0312017v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 December, 2003; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2003. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">117 pages, 48 Postscript figures, 5 tables, Elsevier LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A526:300-347,2004 </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0212011">arXiv:physics/0212011</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0212011">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0212011">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0212011">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Radiation hardness of the PIBETA detector components </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frlez%2C+E">E. Frlez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+T+A">T. A. Campbell</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carey%2C+I+J">I. J. Carey</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pocanic%2C+D">D. Pocanic</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0212011v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We have examined long term changes in signal amplitude gain, energy resolution and detection efficiency for the active components of the PIBETA detector system. Beam defining plastic scintillation counters were operated in a ~1 MHz stopped $蟺^+$ beam for a period of 297 days, accumulating radiation doses of up to 2 Mrad. Detectors in the charged particle tracking system--a pair of cylindrical mu… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0212011v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0212011v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0212011v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We have examined long term changes in signal amplitude gain, energy resolution and detection efficiency for the active components of the PIBETA detector system. Beam defining plastic scintillation counters were operated in a ~1 MHz stopped $蟺^+$ beam for a period of 297 days, accumulating radiation doses of up to 2 Mrad. Detectors in the charged particle tracking system--a pair of cylindrical multi-wire proportional chambers and a thin plastic scintillation barrel-shaped hodoscope array--were irradiated during the same running period with an average dose of ~40 krad. Individual CsI(undoped crystal) calorimeter detectors received an average dose of ~120 rad, mainly from photons, positrons and protons originating from $蟺^+$ hadronic interactions as well as from $蟺^+$ and $渭^+$ weak decays at rest in the active target. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0212011v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0212011v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 2 December, 2002; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2002. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">24 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX, to be published in Fizika</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Fizika B12 (2003) 97-116 </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 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