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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dinesafe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinesafe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dinesafe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinesafe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infectious_disease_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infectious_disease_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Infectious disease control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infectious_disease_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SARS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SARS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>SARS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SARS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>COVID-19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Board of Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_Officer_of_Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_Officer_of_Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Medical Officer of Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_Officer_of_Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Toronto Public Health</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_Public_Health.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Toronto_Public_Health.svg/220px-Toronto_Public_Health.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Toronto_Public_Health.svg/330px-Toronto_Public_Health.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Toronto_Public_Health.svg/440px-Toronto_Public_Health.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="119" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1998<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1998</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Unit" title="Public Health Unit">Public health unit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">277 Victoria Street<br />Toronto, Ontario</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">2,486 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CA$" class="mw-redirect" title="CA$">CA$</a>344,596,400<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Dr. <a href="/wiki/Eileen_de_Villa" title="Eileen de Villa">Eileen de Villa</a>, Medical Officer of Health</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">City of Toronto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key document</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h07"><i>Health Protection and Promotion Act</i></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.ca/health/">www.toronto.ca/health</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Toronto Public Health</b> (<b>TPH</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Unit" title="Public Health Unit">public health unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. It is responsible for delivering public health programs and services, enforcing public health regulations and advising <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">Toronto City Council</a> on health issues. The current unit was formed in 1998, when the former <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metropolitan Toronto</a> and its constituent municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Old_Toronto" title="Old Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/York,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="York, Toronto">York</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_York" title="North York">North York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarborough, Toronto">Scarborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etobicoke" title="Etobicoke">Etobicoke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_York" title="East York">East York</a> amalgamated into the current city of Toronto. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role">Role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ontario, under the <i>Health Protection and Promotion Act</i>, a public health unit (PHU) is an official health agency established by a <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PHUs administer health promotion and disease prevention programs to inform the public about healthy life-styles, communicable disease control, immunization, food premises inspection, healthy growth and development, health education for all age groups, and selected screening services.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Health units are governed by a board of health, which is an autonomous corporation under the act and is administered by the Medical Officer of Health, who reports to the board of health.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinesafe">Dinesafe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dinesafe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, under then medical officer of health Dr. <a href="/wiki/Sheela_Basrur" title="Sheela Basrur">Sheela Basrur</a>, TPH introduced Dinesafe, the City of Toronto's food safety program which inspects restaurants for compliance with health regulations, and publicly displays results (pass, conditional pass or closed) both on-site and on the City's website.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infectious_disease_control">Infectious disease control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Infectious disease control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SARS">SARS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SARS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</a> crisis in 2003, TPH under then medical officer of health Dr. Sheela Basrur lead the City of Toronto's response to the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TPH created a management system, with different operational teams responsible for different parts of the response. TPH teams monitored those infected and under quarantine, were responsible for <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, tracing the movements and contacts of those infected, and tracking the virus itself. Much of the public communications effort was also led by TPH, who organized community meetings, contacted school boards, and kept the population informed. As a result of SARS, TPH "totally reorganized itself", with a stronger liaison unit with acute-care facilities and changes being made to better address public health on a provincial and federal level.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto</a></div> <p>TPH was responsible for coordinating the City of Toronto's response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">international outbreak</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>. On January 7, 2020, TPH was informed of a "undiagnosed viral pneumonia" in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and began to monitor and develop a response plan should it spread to Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TPH released a statement on January 21 that it was "actively monitoring" the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 19, 2020, TPH ordered restaurants and bars to halt dine-in service amid evidence of community spread.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TPH collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> to interpret self-reported symptom data provided by the COVID Near You platform, based out of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Boston Children's Hospital">Boston Children's Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platform was launched in Canada on April 3, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with results of the analysis shared with the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 11, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada" title="Public Health Agency of Canada">Public Health Agency of Canada</a> announced $13.9 million in funding for TPH to establish a "voluntary self-isolation centre" for eligible residents facing "difficulty properly isolating themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Toronto Voluntary Isolation Centre officially opened the following day in a converted hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TPH administered the facility, including identifying eligible cases.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Board_of_Health">Board of Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Board of Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Board of Health is a committee of the City of Toronto, governed by the <i>Health Protection and Promotion Act</i>, which directs and oversees the work of Toronto Public Health. It is composed of six city council members, six members of the public, and one education representative. A chair and vice-chair are elected from amongst its members.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Current members (as of 3 December 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ashna Bowry </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joe Cressy </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td>Chair </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stephanie Donaldson </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_District_School_Board" title="Toronto District School Board">TDSB</a> Trustee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angela Jonsson </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cynthia Lai </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mike Layton </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ida Li Preti </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">TCDSB</a> Trustee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jennifer McKelvie </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kate Mulligan </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gord Perks </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Wong </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soo Wong </td> <td>Member </td> <td>31 January 2019 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kristyn Wong-Tam </td> <td>Councillor </td> <td>13 December 2018 </td> <td>Vice Chair </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_Officer_of_Health">Medical Officer of Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medical Officer of Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Medical Officer of Health is responsible for day-to-day operations of Toronto Public Health, and reports to Toronto City Council through the Board of Health. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Toronto Medical Officers of Health, before 1998 amalgamation<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start/end </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>William Canniff </td> <td>1883–1890 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A.R. Pyne </td> <td>1890–1891 </td> <td>Acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norman Allen </td> <td>1891–1893 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charles Sheard </td> <td>1893–1910 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charles Hastings </td> <td>1910–1929 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G.P. Jackson </td> <td>1929–1951 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L.A. Pequegnat </td> <td>1951–1958 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A.R.J. Boyd </td> <td>1958–1972 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G.W.O. Moss </td> <td>1972–1981 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alexander S. Macpherson </td> <td>1981–1989 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perry Kendall </td> <td>1989–1995 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>David McKeown </td> <td>1995–1997 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Toronto Medical Officers of Health (since 1998 amalgamation)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Term start/end </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheela_Basrur" title="Sheela Basrur">Sheela Basrur</a> </td> <td>1998–2004 </td> <td>former MOH, Borough of East York </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barbara Yaffe </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>David McKeown </td> <td>2004–2016 </td> <td>former MOH, Borough of East York, City of Toronto and Region of Peel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barbara Yaffe </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>Acting </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eileen_de_Villa" title="Eileen de Villa">Eileen de Villa</a> </td> <td>2017–present </td> <td>former MOH for the Region of Peel </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Toronto" title="Health in Toronto">Health in Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Toronto Paramedic Services</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2020/hl/bgrd/backgroundfile-157982.pdf">"Toronto Public Health 2021 Operating Budget Request"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto+Public+Health+2021+Operating+Budget+Request&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2Flegdocs%2Fmmis%2F2020%2Fhl%2Fbgrd%2Fbackgroundfile-157982.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+Public+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Ontario" class="citation web cs1">Government of Ontario, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/common/system/services/phu/default.aspx">"Public Health Units – Health Services in Your Community – MOHLTC"</a>. <i>www.health.gov.on.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.toronto.ca&rft.atitle=311+Knowledge+Base&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2F311%2Fknowledgebase%2Fkb%2Fdocs%2Farticles%2Fcity-clerks-office%2Fsecretariat%2Ftoronto-board-of-health.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+Public+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.toronto.ca/tmmis/viewPublishedReport.do?function=getAgendaReport&meetingId=15404">"Agenda"</a>. <i>app.toronto.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toronto.ca&rft.atitle=Decision+Body+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.toronto.ca%2Fpa%2FdecisionBody%2F44.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+Public+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/whats-online/web-exhibits/an-infectious-idea-125-years-of-public-health-in-toronto/an-infectious-idea-toronto/">"An Infectious Idea: Toronto"</a>. <i>City of Toronto</i>. 23 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Toronto&rft.atitle=An+Infectious+Idea%3A+Toronto&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toronto.ca%2Fcity-government%2Faccountability-operations-customer-service%2Faccess-city-information-or-records%2Fcity-of-toronto-archives%2Fwhats-online%2Fweb-exhibits%2Fan-infectious-idea-125-years-of-public-health-in-toronto%2Fan-infectious-idea-toronto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToronto+Public+Health" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toronto_Public_Health&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">Deputy Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_Toronto_City_Council" title="Speaker of Toronto City Council">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_municipal_elections" title="List of Toronto municipal elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Services_Board" title="Toronto Police Services Board">Police Services Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Archives" title="City of Toronto Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Act" title="City of Toronto Act">City of Toronto Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Control" title="Toronto Board of Control">Board of Control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Community_Services" title="Toronto Community Services">Children's Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Economic_Development_and_Culture_Division" title="Toronto Economic Development and Culture Division">Economic Development and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Fire_Services" title="Toronto Fire Services">Fire Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_(CAN-TF3)_Heavy_Urban_Search_and_Rescue" title="Toronto (CAN-TF3) Heavy Urban Search and Rescue">Heavy Urban Search and Rescue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Homes_for_the_Aged_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Homes for the Aged Division">Homes for the Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Paramedic Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parks,_Forestry_and_Recreation_Division" title="Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division">Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police Service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Solid_Waste_Management" title="Toronto Solid Waste Management">Solid Waste Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Technical_Services_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Technical Services Division">Technical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Transit Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Water" title="Toronto Water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City-owned corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Community_Housing" title="Toronto Community Housing">Community Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Hydro" title="Toronto Hydro">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parking_Authority" title="Toronto Parking Authority">Parking Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Share_Toronto" title="Bike Share Toronto">Bike Share</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Zoo" title="Toronto Zoo">Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_District_School_Board" title="Toronto District School Board">Toronto District School Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_de_district_catholique_Centre-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud">Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Toronto" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Toronto" title="Template:Toronto"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Toronto" title="Template talk:Toronto"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Toronto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">City of Toronto</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Toronto" title="Outline of Toronto">General outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto" title="Demographics of Toronto">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Toronto" title="Name of Toronto">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Toronto" title="Flag of Toronto">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Toronto" title="Coat of arms of Toronto">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_cities_of_Toronto" title="Sister cities of Toronto">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Toronto" title="List of people from Toronto">Notable Torontonians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto,_City_of.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of Toronto"><img alt="Logo of Toronto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/60px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/90px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/120px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Toronto" title="History of Toronto">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto">Oldest buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of lost buildings and structures in Toronto">Lost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Toronto_history" title="Timeline of Toronto history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TorontoMunicipalities" title="Template:TorontoMunicipalities">Former municipalities</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before<br />1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teiaiagon" title="Teiaiagon">Teiaiagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Carrying-Place_Trail" title="Toronto Carrying-Place Trail">Toronto Carrying-Place Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Purchase" title="Toronto Purchase">Toronto Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_York" title="Fort York">Fort York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Upper_Canada" title="York, Upper Canada">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">Battle of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgomery%27s_Tavern" title="Battle of Montgomery's Tavern">Battle of Montgomery's Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1849)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1849)">Great Fire of 1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada" title="Orange Order in Canada">Orange Order ascendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1904)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1904)">Great Fire of 1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Toronto_anti-Greek_riot" title="1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot">1918 anti-Greek riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Pits_riot" title="Christie Pits riot">Christie Pits riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_of_the_City_of_Toronto" title="Centennial of the City of Toronto">Centennial of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hurricane Hazel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Hazel_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Hazel in Canada">effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancelled_expressways_in_Toronto" title="Cancelled expressways in Toronto">Cancelled expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Control" title="Toronto Board of Control">Board of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto#1967_merger" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">First Amalgamation of Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since <br />1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto#1998_amalgamation" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">Second Amalgamation of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Etobicoke_gas_explosion" title="2003 Etobicoke gas explosion">2003 Etobicoke gas explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003" title="Northeast blackout of 2003">Northeast blackout of 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_propane_explosion" title="Toronto propane explosion">2008 propane explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit">2010 G20 Toronto summit</a> and the associated <a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit_protests" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit protests">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_Street_shooting" title="Danzig Street shooting">Danzig Street shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Rob_Ford_crack_video_scandal" title="Timeline of Rob Ford crack video scandal">Rob Ford video scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Pan_American_Games" title="2015 Pan American Games">2015 Pan American Games</a>/<a href="/wiki/2015_Parapan_American_Games" title="2015 Parapan American Games">Parapan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Toronto_van_attack" title="2018 Toronto van attack">2018 van attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Toronto_shooting" title="2018 Toronto shooting">2018 mass shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Toronto_machete_attack" title="2020 Toronto machete attack">2020 machete attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ken_Lee" title="Killing of Ken Lee">Ken Lee's stabbing of December 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Toronto" title="Geography of Toronto">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Peninsula" title="Ontario Peninsula">Ontario Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="List of neighbourhoods in Toronto">Neighbourhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto_neighbourhoods" title="Demographics of Toronto neighbourhoods">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="History of neighbourhoods in Toronto">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Toronto" title="Downtown Toronto">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Harbour" title="Toronto Harbour">Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_waterfront" title="Toronto waterfront">Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_waterway_system" title="Toronto waterway system">Waterways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Ontario)" title="Don River (Ontario)">Don River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_River_(Ontario)" title="Humber River (Ontario)">Humber River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouge_River_(Ontario)" title="Rouge River (Ontario)">Rouge River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Toronto" title="List of parks in Toronto">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_ravine_system" title="Toronto ravine system">Ravines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Toronto" title="Fauna of Toronto">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_trees_in_Toronto" title="Native trees in Toronto">Native trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Street_Spit" title="Leslie Street Spit">Leslie Street Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Bluffs" title="Scarborough Bluffs">Scarborough Bluffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ookwemin_Minising" title="Ookwemin Minising">Ookwemin Minising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Toronto" title="Economy of Toronto">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Street" title="Bay Street">Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Toronto" title="Financial District, Toronto">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotels_in_Toronto" title="Hotels in Toronto">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Toronto" title="List of tallest buildings in Toronto">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Region_Board_of_Trade" title="Toronto Region Board of Trade">Toronto Region Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Toronto" title="Politics of Toronto">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Act" title="City of Toronto Act">City of Toronto Act</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">City Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_Toronto_City_Council" title="Speaker of Toronto City Council">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Hall" title="Toronto City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_municipal_elections" title="List of Toronto municipal elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">Deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">Municipal government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_services_in_Toronto" title="Public services in Toronto">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Fire_Services" title="Toronto Fire Services">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Toronto" title="Health in Toronto">Health</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toronto Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Toronto" title="List of hospitals in Toronto">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Paramedic Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parks,_Forestry_and_Recreation_Division" title="Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division">Parks, Forestry & Recreation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_recreation_centres" title="List of Toronto recreation centres">Recreation Centres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Solid_Waste_Management" title="Toronto Solid Waste Management">Solid Waste Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Water" title="Toronto Water">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Works_and_Emergency_Services" title="Toronto Works and Emergency Services">Works and Emergency Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Toronto" title="Education in Toronto">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary/secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_District_School_Board" title="Toronto District School Board">Toronto District School Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_MonAvenir" title="Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir">Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_College_(Canada)" title="Centennial College (Canada)">Centennial College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_College" title="George Brown College">George Brown College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber College">Humber College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">OCAD University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca College">Seneca College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> (formerly Ryerson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_University" title="Tyndale University">Tyndale University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_l%27Ontario_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Université de l'Ontario français">Université de l'Ontario français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph-Humber" title="University of Guelph-Humber">University of Guelph-Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Toronto Public Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Public_Library_branches" title="List of Toronto Public Library branches">List of branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Reference_Library" title="Toronto Reference Library">Toronto Reference Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Tool_Library" title="Toronto Tool Library">Toronto Tool Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Toronto" title="Culture in Toronto">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_events_in_Toronto" title="Annual events in Toronto">Annual events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_events_in_Toronto" title="List of Asian events in Toronto">Asian events in Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Toronto" title="Architecture of Toronto">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Toronto" title="List of cinemas in Toronto">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_in_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine in Toronto">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fiction_set_in_Toronto" title="List of fiction set in Toronto">Fiction set in Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Toronto" title="List of films set in Toronto">Films set in Toronto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Hate_Toronto" title="Let's All Hate Toronto">Let's All Hate Toronto</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_North" title="Hollywood North">Hollywood North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Toronto" title="List of films shot in Toronto">Films shot in Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Toronto_landmarks" title="Template:Toronto landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Toronto" title="Media in Toronto">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_venues_in_Toronto" title="List of music venues in Toronto">Music venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures">Places of worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Toronto" title="Category:Churches in Toronto">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Toronto" title="Category:Synagogues in Toronto">Synagogues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Toronto" title="List of shopping malls in Toronto">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Toronto" title="Sports in Toronto">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_sport_in_Toronto" title="Amateur sport in Toronto">Amateur sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_teams_in_Toronto" title="List of sports teams in Toronto">Sports teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Toronto" title="Transportation in Toronto">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_Toronto" title="Public transportation in Toronto">Public transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission_bus_system" title="Toronto Transit Commission bus system">Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system" title="Toronto streetcar system">Streetcars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_subway" title="Toronto subway">Subway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrolinx" title="Metrolinx">Metrolinx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GO_Transit" title="GO Transit">GO Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Pearson_Express" title="Union Pearson Express">Union Pearson Express</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton_Transit" title="Brampton Transit">Brampton Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCm" title="Züm">Züm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiWay" title="MiWay">MiWay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Region_Transit" title="York Region Transit">York Region Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Rapid_Transit" title="Viva Rapid Transit">viva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Region_Transit" title="Durham Region Transit">Durham Region Transit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other transportation,<br />infrastructure, and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Toronto" title="List of bridges in Toronto">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Toronto" title="Cycling in Toronto">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Share_Toronto" title="Bike Share Toronto">Bike Share</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Island_ferries" title="Toronto Island ferries">Island Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parking_Authority" title="Toronto Parking Authority">Parking Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Toronto" title="Port of Toronto">Port</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PortsToronto" title="PortsToronto">PortsToronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_roads_in_Toronto" title="Lists of roads in Toronto">Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contour_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of contour roads in Toronto">Contour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_east%E2%80%93west_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of east–west roads in Toronto">East–West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_north%E2%80%93south_roads_in_Toronto" title="List of north–south roads in Toronto">North–South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transportation_Services" title="Toronto Transportation Services">Toronto Transportation Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Toronto" title="Category:Toronto">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Toronto" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Toronto">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ontario" title="Portal:Ontario">Ontario portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826480#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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