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Uncompressed video - Wikipedia

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">High-fidelity digital video signal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Uncompressed_video" title="Special:EditPage/Uncompressed video">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Uncompressed+video%22">"Uncompressed video"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Uncompressed+video%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Uncompressed+video%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Uncompressed+video%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Uncompressed+video%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Uncompressed+video%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uncompressed video</b> is <a href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">digital video</a> that either has never been <a href="/wiki/Video_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Video compression">compressed</a> or was generated by decompressing previously compressed digital video. It is commonly used by video cameras, video monitors, video recording devices (including general-purpose computers), and in video processors that perform functions such as image resizing, image rotation, <a href="/wiki/Deinterlacing" title="Deinterlacing">deinterlacing</a>, and text and graphics overlay. It is conveyed over various types of baseband digital video interfaces, such as <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVI" class="mw-redirect" title="DVI">DVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">SDI</a>. Standards also exist for the carriage of uncompressed video over <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a>. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/HD_video" class="mw-redirect" title="HD video">HD video</a> cameras output uncompressed video, whereas others compress the video using a lossy compression method such as <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> or <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a>. In any lossy compression process, some of the video information is removed, which creates <a href="/wiki/Compression_artifact" title="Compression artifact">compression artifacts</a> and reduces the quality of the resulting decompressed video. When editing video, it is preferred to work with video that has never been compressed (or was losslessly compressed) as this maintains the best possible quality, with compression performed after completion of editing.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uncompressed video should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">raw video</a>. Raw video represents largely unprocessed data (e.g. without <a href="/wiki/Demosaicing" title="Demosaicing">demosaicing</a>) captured by an imaging device. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording">Recording</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A standalone video recorder is a device that receives uncompressed video and stores it in either uncompressed or compressed form. These devices typically have a video output that can be used to monitor or playback recorded video. When playing back compressed video, the compressed video is uncompressed by the device before being output. Such devices may also have a communication interface, such as Ethernet or USB, which can used to exchange video files with an external computer, and in some cases control the recorder from an external computer as well. </p><p>Recording to a computer is a relatively inexpensive alternative to implementing a digital video recorder, but the computer and its video storage device (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a>) must be fast enough to keep up with the high video data rate, which in some cases may be <a href="/wiki/HD_video" class="mw-redirect" title="HD video">HD video</a> or multiple video sources, or both. Due to the extreme computational and storage system performance demands of real-time video processing, other unnecessary <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> activity (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Background_process" title="Background process">background processes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virus_scanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus scanner">virus scanners</a>) and asynchronous hardware interfaces (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Computer_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer networks">computer networks</a>) may be disabled, and the <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">process priority</a> of the recording <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">realtime process</a> may be increased, to avoid disruption of the recording process. </p><p>HDMI, DVI and HD-SDI inputs are available as <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (partly multi-channel) or <a href="/wiki/ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a>, <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> interface<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> also for <a href="/wiki/2160p" class="mw-redirect" title="2160p">2160p</a> (<a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K resolution</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Software for recording uncompressed video is often supplied with suitable hardware or available for free e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ingex" title="Ingex">Ingex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Network_transmission">Network transmission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Network transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_2022" title="SMPTE 2022">SMPTE 2022</a> and <a href="/wiki/SMPTE_2110" title="SMPTE 2110">2110</a> are standards for professional digital video over <a href="/wiki/IP_network" class="mw-redirect" title="IP network">IP networks</a>. SMPTE 2022 includes provisions for both compressed and uncompressed video formats. SMPTE 2110 carries uncompressed video, audio, and <a href="/wiki/Ancillary_data" title="Ancillary data">ancillary data</a> as separate <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streams</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless interfaces</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">Wireless LAN</a> (WLAN, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>), <a href="/wiki/WiDi" title="WiDi">WiDi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Home_Digital_Interface" title="Wireless Home Digital Interface">Wireless Home Digital Interface</a> can be used to transmit uncompressed standard definition (SD) video but not HD video because the HD bit rates would exceed the network bandwidth. HD can be transmitted using higher-speed interfaces such as <a href="/wiki/WirelessHD" title="WirelessHD">WirelessHD</a> and <a href="/wiki/WiGig" title="WiGig">WiGig</a>. In all cases, when video is conveyed over a network, communication disruptions or diminished bandwidth can corrupt the video or prevent its transmission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_rates">Data rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Data rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uncompressed video has a <a href="/wiki/Constant_bitrate" title="Constant bitrate">constant bitrate</a> that is based on pixel representation, image resolution, and frame rate: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Data_signaling_rate" title="Data signaling rate">data rate</a> = <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> × vertical <a href="/wiki/Image_resolution" title="Image resolution">resolution</a> × horizontal resolution × <a href="/wiki/Refresh_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Refresh frequency">refresh frequency</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></dd></dl> <p>For example: </p> <ul><li>16-bit, 480i @ 24 <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">fps</a>: 16 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="153600&#160;!">640 × 240</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> × 24 = 58.9 <a href="/wiki/Megabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit per second">Mbit/s</a></li> <li>24-bit, 480p @ 30 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="307200&#160;!">640 × 480</span></span> × 30 = 221&#160;Mbit/s.</li> <li>24-bit, 720p @ 30 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="921600&#160;!">1280 × 720</span></span> × 30 = 663&#160;Mbit/s.</li> <li>24-bit, 720p @ 60 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="921600&#160;!">1280 × 720</span></span> × 60 = 1.32 <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigabit per second">Gbit/s</a></li> <li>24-bit, 1080i @ 60 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="1036800&#160;!">1920 × 540</span></span> × 60 = 1.49&#160;Gbit/s.</li> <li>24-bit, 1080p @ 60 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2073600&#160;!">1920 × 1080</span></span> × 60 = 2.98&#160;Gbit/s.</li> <li>24-bit, <a href="/wiki/4K_UHD" class="mw-redirect" title="4K UHD">4K UHD</a> @ 60 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="8294400&#160;!">3840 × 2160</span></span> × 60 = 11.9&#160;Gbit/s.</li> <li>24-bit, 4K UHD @ 120 fps: 24 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="8294400&#160;!">3840 × 2160</span></span> × 120 = 23.8&#160;Gbit/s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_color" title="High color">48-bit</a>, <a href="/wiki/DCI_4K" class="mw-redirect" title="DCI 4K">DCI 4K</a> @ 144 fps: 48 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="8847360&#160;!">4096 × 2160</span></span> × 144 = 61.1&#160;Gbit/s.</li></ul> <p>The actual data rate may be higher because some transmission media for uncompressed video require defined <a href="/wiki/Raster_scan#Video_timing" title="Raster scan">blanking intervals</a>, which effectively add unused pixels around the visible image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression#Video" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange">DPX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a> files – used in professional video files systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cameras_supporting_a_raw_format" title="List of cameras supporting a raw format">List of cameras supporting a raw format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs#Lossless_video_compression" title="List of codecs">List of codecs §&#160;Lossless video compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeed#Video_processor" title="Expeed">Nikon Expeed Video processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> files – used in AV and professional video files systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncompressed audio">Uncompressed audio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most of the time color depth can be calculated as 3 × single color depth. For example, values of a single color can be represented with a range from 0 to 255 (8 bits) which gives a total color depth as 3 × 8 = 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced video</a> formats transmit every other line, half the picture content, per field period. Two fields are required for a full frame so the vertical resolution is halved in this calculation.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd743961(v=vs.85).aspx">Using Uncompressed Audio and Video Streams</a> Microsoft</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epiphan.com/products/compare-usb-video-grabbers/">Compare USB Video Grabbers</a> Epiphan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/intensity/">Intensity models</a> Blackmagic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperx.com/frame-grabbers/hd-sdi-express34">HD-SDI Express/34</a> Imperx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deltacast.tv/Products/DELTA-hd-SDI-OEM-video-input-output-PCI-Express-card.asp">OEM video card for 8-10-12-bit HD-SD SDI digital video to PCI Express</a> Deltacast</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magewell.com/hardware?lang=en">Capture Card Series</a> Magewell</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/decklink/models">DeckLink models</a> Blackmagic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ingex.sourceforge.net/studio/">Ingex Studio - Multi-camera Tapeless Recording</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncompressed_video&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toolstud.io/video/bitrate.php">Video bitrate calculator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativeplanetnetwork.com/dcp/news/uncompressed-digital-video/45959">Uncompressed Digital Video</a>, Creative Planet Network</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativeplanetnetwork.com/dcp/news/uncompressed-vs-compressed/45625">Uncompressed vs. Compressed Video</a>, Creative Planet Network</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wolfcrow.com/blog/master-guide-to-rigging-a-nikon-d800-or-d800e-part-12/">Master Guide to Rigging a Nikon D800 or D800E for Video</a>, Wolfcrow</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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processing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_processing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_post-processing" title="Video post-processing">Post-processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deblocking_filter" title="Deblocking filter">Deblocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">Resizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_gallery_of_image_scaling_algorithms" title="Comparison gallery of image scaling algorithms">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinterlacing" title="Deinterlacing">Deinterlacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_denoising" title="Video denoising">Denoising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflicking" title="Deflicking">Deflicking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Special processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_colorization" title="Film colorization">Film colorization</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Film_tinting" title="Film tinting">tinting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_grading" title="Color grading">Color grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_look" title="Film look">Film look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-resolution_imaging" title="Super-resolution imaging">Super-resolution imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_matting" title="Video matting">Video matting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel-art_scaling_algorithms" title="Pixel-art scaling algorithms">Pixel art scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecine" title="Telecine">Telecine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List 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