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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarihi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Değer_tabakası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Değer_tabakası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Değer tabakası</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Değer_tabakası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elektron kabuğu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 61 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronskil" title="Elektronskil - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektronskil" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4" title="غلاف تكافؤ - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلاف تكافؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_electr%C3%B3nica" title="Capa electrónica - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Capa electrónica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_qab%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Elektron qabığı - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektron qabığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Електронен слой - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електронен слой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="ইলেকট্রনের শক্তিস্তর - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলেকট্রনের শক্তিস্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_d%27electrons" title="Capa d'electrons - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capa d'electrons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronov%C3%BD_obal" title="Elektronový obal - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronový obal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Электронлă йăлхах - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электронлă йăлхах" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronskal" title="Elektronskal - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektronskal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomh%C3%BClle" title="Atomhülle - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atomhülle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτρονιακή στιβάδα - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρονιακή στιβάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell" title="Electron shell - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electron shell" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronkovra%C4%B5o" title="Elektronkovraĵo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronkovraĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_electr%C3%B3nica" title="Capa electrónica - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capa electrónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronkiht" title="Elektronkiht - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektronkiht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geruza_elektroniko" title="Geruza elektroniko - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geruza elektroniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لایه الکترونی - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لایه الکترونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronikuori" title="Elektronikuori - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektronikuori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couche_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Couche électronique - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couche électronique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קליפת אלקטרונים - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליפת אלקטרונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="इलेक्ट्रॉन कोश - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलेक्ट्रॉन कोश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektronska ljuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronh%C3%A9j" title="Elektronhéj - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektronhéj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelopak elektron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%AE%BB" title="電子殻 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子殻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%B1%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесін атом құрылысы тұрғысынан сипаттау - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесін атом құрылысы тұрғысынан сипаттау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EA%BB%8D%EC%A7%88" title="전자 껍질 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자 껍질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegimen_electronicum" title="Tegimen electronicum - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tegimen electronicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електронска обвивка - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електронска обвивка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Электрон бүрхүүл - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Электрон бүрхүүл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petala_elektron" title="Petala elektron - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Petala elektron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronenschaal" title="Elektronenschaal - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Elektronenschaal" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronenschil" title="Elektronenschil - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektronenschil" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronskal" title="Elektronskal - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektronskal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronskall" title="Elektronskall - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektronskall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow%C5%82oka_elektronowa" title="Powłoka elektronowa - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powłoka elektronowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_eletr%C3%B4nico" title="Nível eletrônico - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nível eletrônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_hawa" title="Iñuku hawa - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku hawa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enveli%C8%99_electronic" title="Înveliș electronic - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Înveliș electronic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электронная оболочка - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронная оболочка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Електронный обал - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Електронный обал" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronska ljuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A0" title="ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන කවච - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන කවච" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell" title="Electron shell - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electron shell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3nov%C3%BD_obal" title="Elektrónový obal - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrónový obal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_lupina" title="Elektronska lupina - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektronska lupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Elektronska ljuska" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzingo_elektroni" title="Mzingo elektroni - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mzingo elektroni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Абри электронӣ - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абри электронӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เปลือกอิเล็กตรอน - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปลือกอิเล็กตรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF" title="Электрон сүрү - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электрон сүрү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%82%DB%95%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%AA" title="ئېلېكترون قەۋەت - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېكترون قەۋەت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електронна оболонка - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронна оболонка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84" title="برقیہ خول - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقیہ خول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomdagi_elektronlarning_qobiqlari" title="Atomdagi elektronlarning qobiqlari - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atomdagi elektronlarning qobiqlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8F_electron" title="Vỏ electron - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vỏ electron" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82" title="电子层 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电子层" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%A4" title="電子層 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電子層" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%A4" title="電子層 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電子層" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%AE%BC" title="電子殼 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電子殼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193793#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg/220px-Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg/330px-Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg/440px-Periodic_Table_of_Elements_showing_Electron_Shells.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>Elektron kabuklarının gösterildiği bir periyodik tablo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elektron kabuğu</b>, <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronların</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom_%C3%A7ekirde%C4%9Fi" title="Atom çekirdeği">atom çekirdeği</a> çevresinde takip ettiği bir <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge" title="Yörünge">yörünge</a> olarak düşünülebilir. Her bir kabuk belli bir sayıda elektron barındırabilir, her kabuk belli bir enerji aralığına sahiptir ve daha dış bir kabuğa elektron eklenebilmesi için her kabuk tamamen dolu olması gerekir. En dış kabuktaki elektronlar atomun karakteristiğini belirler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihi">Tarihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_kabu%C4%9Fu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_kabu%C4%9Fu&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elektron kabuklarının verlığı ilk kez <a href="/wiki/Charles_Barkla" title="Charles Barkla">Charles Barkla</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a>'in <a href="/wiki/X_%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="X ışını">x ışını</a> soğurma çalışmaları esnasında deneysel olarak gözlendi. Barkla kabukları <i>K, L, M, N, O, P</i> ve <i>Q</i> olarak sınıflandırdı. Bir <i>J serisi</i>nden de şüphelenildi ancak daha sonraki çalışmalar <i>K</i> soğurma çizgilerinin en iç elektronlarca üretildiğini gösterdi. Bu harflerin daha sonra <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9F_kuantum_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Baş kuantum sayısı">n-değerlerine</a> (1, 2, 3,...vb.) karşılık geldiği bulundu. Bunlar spektroskobik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegbahn_g%C3%B6sterimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegbahn gösterimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Siegbahn gösterimlerinde</a> kullanılır. </p><p>Elektron kabukları ismi <a href="/wiki/Bohr_Atom_Modeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohr Atom Modeli">Bohr modelinden</a> türetildi. Bu modelde elektronların çekirdeğin yörüngesinde belli uzaklıklarda bulunduğuna ve böylece bu yörüngelerin de çekirdek çevresinde "kabuklar" oluşturduğuna inanılıyordu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Değer_tabakası"><span id="De.C4.9Fer_tabakas.C4.B1"></span>Değer tabakası</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_kabu%C4%9Fu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Değer tabakası" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_kabu%C4%9Fu&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Değer tabakası"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/De%C4%9Ferlik_elektron" title="Değerlik elektron">Değerlik elektron</a></div> <p><b>Değer tabakası</b>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomun</a> en dış kabuğudur. <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%A7i%C5%9F_metalleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Geçiş metalleri">Geçiş metali</a> olmayan metallerdeki değerlik elektronlar bu kabukta bulunur. Tam değer tabakası olan böyle elementler (<a href="/wiki/Soy_gaz" title="Soy gaz">soy gazlar</a>) kimyasal tepkimesi en düşük olanlar iken, değer tabakalarında sadece bir elektron olanlar (<a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metaller</a>) ya da tam bir kabuk oluşturmak için yalnızca bir elektron eksiği olanlar (<a href="/wiki/Halojen" title="Halojen">halojenler</a>) kimyasal tepkimesi (reaktifliği) en yüksek olanlardır.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Öte yandan, bu terminoloji geçiş metalleri bakımından yanıltıcıdır. Bu elementlerde değerlik elektronu, aynı zamanda bir iç kabuk olabilir. Bu nedenle bir atomun kimyasal olarak nasıl tepkimede bulunacağını belirleyen elektronlar, çekirdekten en uzağa gidebilenlerdir. 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