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id="toc-Classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opera_and_Ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_and_Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Opera and Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_and_Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Folk music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Folk_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Folk music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Folk_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Folk instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ashiqs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ashiqs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ashiqs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ashiqs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meykhana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meykhana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Meykhana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meykhana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mugham" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugham"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mugham</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugham-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mainstream_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainstream_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mainstream pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainstream_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijani_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijani_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Azerbaijani jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijani_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijani_hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijani_hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Azerbaijani hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijani_hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijani_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijani_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Azerbaijani rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijani_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_dance_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_dance_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Electronic dance music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_dance_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Azerbaijan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الموسيقى الأذربيجانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الموسيقى الأذربيجانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_musiqisi" title="Azərbaycan musiqisi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azərbaycan musiqisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آذربایجان موسیقی‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آذربایجان موسیقی‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Әзербайжан музыкаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әзербайжан музыкаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азербайджанская музыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азербайджанская музыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81zerb%C3%A1jd%C5%BE%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_hudba" title="Ázerbájdžánská hudba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ázerbájdžánská hudba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaidschanische_Musik" title="Aserbaidschanische Musik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aserbaidschanische Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaid%C5%BEaani_muusika" title="Aserbaidžaani muusika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aserbaidžaani muusika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_Azerbaiy%C3%A1n" title="Música de Azerbaiyán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música de Azerbaiyán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziko_de_Azerbaj%C4%9Dano" title="Muziko de Azerbajĝano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muziko de Azerbajĝano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="موسیقی آذربایجانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی آذربایجانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_az%C3%A9rie" title="Musique azérie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique azérie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ադրբեջանի երաժշտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադրբեջանի երաժշտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerska_glazba" title="Azerska glazba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azerska glazba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מוזיקה אזרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקה אזרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="აზერბაიჯანის მუსიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზერბაიჯანის მუსიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Азербайжан музыкасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Азербайжан музыкасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozarbayjon_musiqasi" title="Ozarbayjon musiqasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ozarbayjon musiqasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_do_Azerbaij%C3%A3o" title="Música do Azerbaijão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música do Azerbaijão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азербайджанская музыка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азербайджанская музыка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika_n%C3%AB_Azerbajxhan" title="Muzika në Azerbajxhan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muzika në Azerbajxhan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азерска музика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азерска музика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaycan_m%C3%BCzi%C4%9Fi" title="Azerbaycan müziği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azerbaycan müziği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азербайджанська музика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азербайджанська музика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q724104#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamps_of_Azerbaijan,_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg/150px-Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg/225px-Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg/300px-Stamps_of_Azerbaijan%2C_2014-1143-souvenir_sheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="789" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music of Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> General topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_musical_instruments" title="Azerbaijani musical instruments">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khananda" title="Khananda">Khananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham_triads" title="Mugham triads">Mugham triads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Art of playing the tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_ballet" title="Azerbaijani ballet">Ballet</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious music of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Religious</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_dini_musiqisi" class="extiw" title="az:Azərbaycan dini musiqisi">az</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Band_Service_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Azerbaijan" title="Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip_hop" title="Azerbaijani hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_classical_music" title="Azerbaijani classical music">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Azerbaijan" title="Opera in Azerbaijan">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Folk music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Specific forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditional music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiq music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meykhana" title="Meykhana">Meykhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasnif" title="Tasnif">Tasnif</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Azerbaijan#Mugham_opera" title="Opera in Azerbaijan">Mugham opera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_mugham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symphonic mugham (page does not exist)">Symphonic mugham</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simfonik_mu%C4%9Fam" class="extiw" title="az:Simfonik muğam">az</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Media and performance</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music awards</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Artiste_of_Azerbaijan" title="People's Artiste of Azerbaijan">People's Artiste of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honored_Art_Worker_(Azerbaijan)" title="Honored Art Worker (Azerbaijan)">Honored Art Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humay_Award" title="Humay Award">Humay Award</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music festivals</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baku_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Baku International Jazz Festival">Baku Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khari_Bulbul_Music_Festival" title="Khari Bulbul Music Festival">Khari Bulbul Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mugham_Center_of_Azerbaijan#International_World_of_Mugham_Festival" title="International Mugham Center of Azerbaijan">International Mugham Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzeyir_Hajibeyov_International_Music_Festival" title="Uzeyir Hajibeyov International Music Festival"> Hajibeyov International Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabala_International_Music_Festival" title="Gabala International Music Festival">Gabala International Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich_Baku_International_Festival" title="Mstislav Rostropovich Baku International Festival">Rostropovich Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22ZHARA%22_International_Music_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title=""ZHARA" International Music Festival">"ZHARA" International Music Festival</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music media</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Medeniyyet_TV" title="Medeniyyet TV">Medeniyyet TV</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Nationalistic and patriotic songs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> National anthem</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Azərbaycan marşı">March of Azerbaijan</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99n_Az%C9%99rbaycan" title="Şən Azərbaycan">Şən Azərbaycan</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Azerbaijani music</b> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijani people</a> from <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan Republic">Azerbaijan Republic</a>. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of <a href="/wiki/Monody" title="Monody">monody</a>, producing rhythmically diverse melodies.<sup id="cite_ref-EMD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music from Azerbaijan has a branch <a href="/wiki/Musical_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical mode">mode</a> system, where <a href="/wiki/Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">chromatisation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_and_minor" title="Major and minor">major and minor</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical scale">scales</a> is of great importance.<sup id="cite_ref-EMD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_classical_music" title="Azerbaijani classical music">Azerbaijani classical music</a></div> <p>In 1920, Azerbaijani classical music had undergone a renaissance and <a href="/wiki/Baku_Academy_of_Music" title="Baku Academy of Music">Baku Academy of Music</a> was founded to give classical musicians the same support as folk musicians. Modern-day advocates of Western classical music in Azerbaijani include <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Badalbeyli" title="Farhad Badalbeyli">Farhad Badalbeyli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidan_Gasimova" title="Fidan Gasimova">Fidan Gasimova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franghiz_Alizadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Franghiz Alizadeh">Franghiz Alizadeh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_and_Ballet">Opera and Ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Opera and Ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani opera">Azerbaijani opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_ballet" title="Azerbaijani ballet">Azerbaijani ballet</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg/250px-Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg/375px-Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg/500px-Maude_tower_ballet_Qamar_Aslanzade_and_Batashov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scene from Ballet of "<a href="/wiki/Maiden_Tower_(ballet)" title="Maiden Tower (ballet)">The Maiden Tower</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Afrasiyab_Badalbeyli" title="Afrasiyab Badalbeyli">Afrasiyab Badalbeyli</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg/250px-Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg/375px-Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg/500px-Leyli_%26_Mejnun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="1187" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Scene from Ballet of "Leyli and Majnun" by <a href="/wiki/Gara_Garayev" title="Gara Garayev">Gara Garayev</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif/150px-%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif/225px-%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif/300px-%C3%9Czeyir_Hac%C4%B1b%C9%99yov5.gif 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmad_Javad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ahmad_Javad.jpg/150px-Ahmad_Javad.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ahmad_Javad.jpg/225px-Ahmad_Javad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ahmad_Javad.jpg/300px-Ahmad_Javad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Creators of the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Azerbaijan">national anthem of Azerbaijan</a> <a href="/wiki/Uzeyir_Hajibeyov" title="Uzeyir Hajibeyov">Uzeyir Hajibeyov</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Javad" title="Ahmad Javad">Ahmad Javad</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>The emergence of opera and ballet in Azerbaijan is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Soviet era</a> of Azerbaijani history, when Azerbaijani musicians became exposed to European music traditions first-hand. The very first documented performance of an opera in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> took place in May 1889 when <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Verstovsky" title="Alexey Verstovsky">Alexey Verstovsky</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Askold%27s_Grave_(opera)" title="Askold's Grave (opera)">Askold's grave</a></i> was staged at a circus arena in Baku (on the site of the current <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Carpet_Museum" title="Azerbaijan Carpet Museum">Azerbaijan Carpet Museum</a> building), accompanied by the folk choir of Dmitry Agrenev-Slavyanski. Beginning in 1900, opera troupes toured Baku on a yearly basis (except 1901 and 1913), featuring prominent singers of the time such as <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Ermolenko-Yuzhina" title="Natalia Ermolenko-Yuzhina">Natalia Ermolenko-Yuzhina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonina_Nezhdanova" title="Antonina Nezhdanova">Antonina Nezhdanova</a>. </p><p>Prominent Azerbaijani opera singers such as <a href="/wiki/Bulbul_(singer)" title="Bulbul (singer)">Bulbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shovkat_Mammadova" title="Shovkat Mammadova">Shovkat Mammadova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatma_Mukhtarova" title="Fatma Mukhtarova">Fatma Mukhtarova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huseyngulu_Sarabski" title="Huseyngulu Sarabski">Huseyngulu Sarabski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagigat_Rzayeva" title="Hagigat Rzayeva">Hagigat Rzayeva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Behbudov" title="Rashid Behbudov">Rashid Behbudov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rauf_Atakishiyev" title="Rauf Atakishiyev">Rauf Atakishiyev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Magomayev_(musician)" title="Muslim Magomayev (musician)">Muslim Magomayev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutfiyar_Imanov" title="Lutfiyar Imanov">Lutfiyar Imanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidan_Gasimova" title="Fidan Gasimova">Fidan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khuraman_Gasimova" title="Khuraman Gasimova">Khuraman Gasimovas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubaba_Muradova" title="Rubaba Muradova">Rubaba Muradova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeynab_Khanlarova" title="Zeynab Khanlarova">Zeynab Khanlarova</a> and many other singers gained world fame.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani folk music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_(Azerbaijani_balaban,_nagara,_tar,_saz_and_zurna).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg/220px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg/330px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg/440px-The_Soviet_Union_1990_CPA_6249_stamp_%28Azerbaijani_balaban%2C_nagara%2C_tar%2C_saz_and_zurna%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Azerbaijani instruments: <a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">balaban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagara_(drum)" title="Nagara (drum)">nagara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tar_(string_instrument)" title="Tar (string instrument)">tar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Flama" title="Bağlama">saz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">zurna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most songs recount stories of real-life events and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folklore" title="Azerbaijani folklore">Azerbaijani folklore</a>, or have developed through song contests between troubadour poets.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corresponding to their origins, folk songs are usually played at weddings, funerals, and special festivals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_instruments">Folk instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Folk instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG/150px-Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG/225px-Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG/300px-Balaban_Azerbaijani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4568" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">Balaban</a> is considered Azerbaijan's national instrument.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_musical_instruments" title="Azerbaijani musical instruments">Azerbaijani musical instruments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)</a></div> <p>Instruments used in Azerbaijani music include the stringed instruments <i><a href="/wiki/Tar_(Azerbaijani_instrument)" title="Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)">tar</a></i> (skin faced lute), the <i><a href="/wiki/Kamancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamancha">kamancha</a></i> (skin faced spike fiddle), the <i><a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a></i>, originally <i>barbat</i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Baglama" class="mw-redirect" title="Baglama">saz</a></i> (long-necked lute); the double-reed wind instrument <i><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">balaban</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Frame_drum" title="Frame drum">frame drum</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ghaval" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaval">ghaval</a></i>, the cylindrical double faced drum <i><a href="/wiki/Nagara_(drum)" title="Nagara (drum)">nagara</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Davul" title="Davul">davul</a></i>), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">gosha nagara</a></i> (pair of small kettle drums). Other instruments include the <i><a href="/wiki/Garmon" title="Garmon">garmon</a></i> (small accordion), <i><a href="/wiki/Dilli_kaval" title="Dilli kaval">tutek</a></i> (whistle flute), and <i><a href="/wiki/Daf" title="Daf">daf</a></i> (frame drum). </p><p>Due to the cultural crossbreeding prevalent during the Ottoman Empire, the tutek has influenced various cultures in the Caucasus region, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">duduks</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">zurna</a> and naghara duo is also popular in rural areas, and played at <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a> and other local celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ashiqs">Ashiqs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ashiqs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ashiqs_of_Azerbaijan" title="Ashiqs of Azerbaijan">Ashiqs of Azerbaijan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ashiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashiq">Ashiqs</a> are traveling bards who sing and play the <a href="/wiki/Baglama" class="mw-redirect" title="Baglama">saz</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>. Their songs are semi-<a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvised</a> around a common base. This art is one of the symbols of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani culture</a> and considered an emblem of national identity and the guardian of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">literature</a> and music. </p><p>Since 2009 the art of Azerbaijani Ashiqs has been inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity">Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meykhana">Meykhana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Meykhana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meykhana" title="Meykhana">Meykhana</a></div> <p>Meykhana is a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijani</a> literary and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk</a> rap tradition, consisting of an unaccompanied song performed by one or more people improvising on a particular subject.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meykhana is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Spoken_word_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoken word poetry">spoken word poetry</a> in that it is performed in time to a beat. </p><p>Meykhana is often compared to <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>, also known as <i>national rap</i> among Azerbaijani residents, as it also includes performers that is spoken lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)" title="Beat (music)">beat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performers also incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Meykhana masters may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> or to a beat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugham">Mugham</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mugham"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mugam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugam">Mugam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khananda" title="Khananda">Khananda</a></div> <p>Mugham is one of the many folk musical compositions from <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, in contrast with <i><a href="/wiki/Tasnif" title="Tasnif">Tasnif</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ashugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashugs">Ashugs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mugam draws on <a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is an art form that weds classical poetry and musical improvisation in specific local modes. Mugham is a modal system.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Western modes, "mugham" modes are associated not only with scales but with an orally transmitted collection of melodies and melodic fragments that performers use in the course of improvisation.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mugham is a compound composition of many parts. The choice of a particular mugham and a style of performance fits a specific event.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dramatic unfolding in performance is typically associated with increasing intensity and rising pitches, and a form of poetic-musical communication between performers and initiated listeners.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three major schools of mugham performance existed from the late 19th and early 20th centuries - the region of Garabagh, Shirvan, and Baku. The town of <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karabakh" title="Karabakh">Karabakh</a> was particularly renowned for this art. </p><p>The short selection of Azerbaijani mugham played in <a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">balaban</a>, national wind instrument was included on the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a>, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a> spacecraft as representing world music, included among many cultural achievements of humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> proclaimed mugham as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular music is distinguished from the traditional genres as those styles that entered the Azerbaijani musicality after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, either due to attempts of national modernization from 1918 onwards, the opening of the republic to Western musical influences or modern fusions and innovations from artists themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainstream_pop">Mainstream pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mainstream pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani pop music</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg/135px-Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg/203px-Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg/270px-Nigar_Camal_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nigar_Jamal" title="Nigar Jamal">Nikki Jamal</a> became one of the most successful pop artists of the 2010s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Azerbaijani pop music had its humble beginnings in the late 1950s with Azerbaijani cover versions of a wide range of imported popular styles, including <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. As more styles emerged, they were also adopted, such as <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>. </p><p>Azerbaijani pop music reached a new level after the country made its debut appearance at the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">Eurovision Song Contest</a>. The country's <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009">entry</a> gained the third place in 2009 and fifth the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eldar_%26_Nigar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldar & Nigar">Ell and Nikki</a> won the first place at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">Eurovision Song Contest 2011</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Running_Scared_(Ell_%26_Nikki_song)" title="Running Scared (Ell & Nikki song)">Running Scared</a>", entitling Azerbaijan to host the contest in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a>, in Baku.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The biggest pop stars in Azerbaijan are arguably <a href="/wiki/Roya_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roya (singer)">Roya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aygun_Kazimova" title="Aygun Kazimova">Aygun Kazimova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Dadashova" title="Brilliant Dadashova">Brilliant Dadashova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijani_jazz">Azerbaijani jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Azerbaijani jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani jazz</a></div> <p>The Azerbaijani jazz is a popular variety of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, widespread in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. It covers a broad range of styles (traditional, post-bop, <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion (music)">fusion</a>, free flexion)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and often features a blend with traditional Azerbaijani music. Among modern famed Azeri jazz musicians are <a href="/wiki/Aziza_Mustafazadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziza Mustafazadeh">Aziza Mustafazadeh</a>, who was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isfar_Sarabski" title="Isfar Sarabski">Isfar Sarabski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salman_Gambarov" title="Salman Gambarov">Salman Gambarov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rain_Sultanov" title="Rain Sultanov">Rain Sultanov</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijani_hip_hop">Azerbaijani hip hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Azerbaijani hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip_hop" title="Azerbaijani hip hop">Azerbaijani hip hop</a></div> <p>The first Azerbaijani hip-hop song "Yesterday is Past", created in 1983 by <a href="/wiki/Chingiz_Mustafayev_(journalist)" title="Chingiz Mustafayev (journalist)">Chingiz Mustafayev</a>, who would later become Azerbaijan's national hero for unrelated reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pioneer of Azerbaijani rap often associated with name of <a href="/wiki/Anar_Nagilbaz" title="Anar Nagilbaz">Anar Nagilbaz</a> in 1992, which also included elements of <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> but the popularity of the rap genre came with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Dayirman" title="Dayirman">Dayirman</a>, which included primarily patriotic elements.<sup id="cite_ref-tarix_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarix-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijani_rock">Azerbaijani rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Azerbaijani rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani rock</a></div> <p>The Azerbaijani rock scene began in the mid-to-late 1960s, when popular <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> bands became well-known. Soon, a distinctively Azerbaijani fusion of rock and folk emerged; this was called Azerbaijani rock, a term which nowadays may be generically ascribed to most of the Azerbaijani rock.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cold%C3%BCnya" title="Coldünya">Coldünya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuxu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuxu">Yuxu</a> are the best known group of older classical Azerbaijani rock music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_dance_music">Electronic dance music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electronic dance music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many clubs across Azerbaijan, especially across its Baku region.<sup id="cite_ref-echo.az_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-echo.az-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternative music scene, however, is derived mostly from Baku's club scene that sees <a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJs</a> merging the past with the present, utilising traditional motifs with new age sounds and electronic music.<sup id="cite_ref-echo.az_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-echo.az-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_musicians" title="List of Azerbaijani musicians">List of Azerbaijani musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip_hop" title="Azerbaijani hip hop">Azerbaijani hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innaby" title="Innaby">Innaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99n_Az%C9%99rbaycan" title="Şən Azərbaycan">Şən Azərbaycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham_triads" title="Mugham triads">Mugham triads</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EMD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMD_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMD_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Энциклопедический музыкальный словарь, 2-е изд., Москва, 1966 (<i>Encyclopedical Music Dictionary</i> (1966-1967), 2nd ed., Moscow)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+wins+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2011-05-15&rft.aulast=Lusher&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2Feurovision%2F8514539%2FAzerbaijan-wins-Eurovision-Song-Contest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azerbaijans.com/content_274_ru.html"><bdi lang="ru">Эстрадная музыка</bdi></a>. <i>azerbaijans.com</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azerbaijans.com&rft.atitle=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazerbaijans.com%2Fcontent_274_ru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mct.gov.az/?/en/culturehistory/2686/203">"Music"</a>. Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Music&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture+and+Tourism+of+Azerbaijan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mct.gov.az%2F%3F%2Fen%2Fculturehistory%2F2686%2F203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Minor. <i>Unzipped souls: a jazz journey through the Soviet Union</i>, Temple University Press, 1995, p. 83-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azeri.org/Azeri/az_latin/latin_articles/latin_text/latin_73/eng_73/73_chingiz.html">Documenting the Horrors of Karabakh</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tarix-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tarix_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azerbaijans.com/content_288_az.html">"Rep musiqisi"</a>. <i>Azerbaijanis.com</i> (in Azerbaijani)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijanis.com&rft.atitle=Rep+musiqisi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazerbaijans.com%2Fcontent_288_az.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azerbaijans.com/content_289_en.html">"History of Azerbaijani Rock"</a>. <i>azerbaijans.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azerbaijans.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Azerbaijani+Rock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazerbaijans.com%2Fcontent_289_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-echo.az-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-echo.az_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-echo.az_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223449/http://echo.az/article.php?aid=1228"><bdi lang="ru">Битва "электроников"</bdi></a>. <i>echo.az</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echo.az/article.php?aid=1228">the original</a> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=echo.az&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%22%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecho.az%2Farticle.php%3Faid%3D1228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Azerbaijan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/TraditionalMusicAzerbaijan">A collection of rare recordings of traditional Azeri music from the early 20th century.</a> Created July 7, 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008xgtl">BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Ashig troubadours, Mugham and the Kamancha.</a> Accessed November 25, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008zc3s">BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): The Saz and Mugham singer Alin Qasimov.</a> Accessed November 25, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219141016/http://mp3.azeri.net/">Azeri Music</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Azerbaijan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze and Iron age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_culture" title="Nakhchivan culture">Nakhchivan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughan culture">Mughan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar-Burial_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jar-Burial Culture">Jar-Burial Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla-Tepe_culture" title="Leyla-Tepe culture">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran (Caucasus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_dynasty" title="Sajid dynasty">Sajid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshahs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–13)">Russo-Persian War (1804–13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%931907" title="Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907">Armenian–Tatar massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Independent_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Independent Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_name_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the name Azerbaijan">History of the name Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_of_Fire" title="The Land of Fire">The Land of Fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Azerbaijan" title="Coat of arms of Azerbaijan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_water_of_Azerbaijan" title="Bodies of water of Azerbaijan">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Azerbaijan" title="Climate change in Azerbaijan">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of earthquakes in Azerbaijan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Azerbaijan" title="Environment of Azerbaijan">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Azerbaijan" title="Extreme points of Azerbaijan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Azerbaijan" title="Fauna of Azerbaijan">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flora of Azerbaijan">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geology of Azerbaijan">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves of Azerbaijan">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mountains of Azerbaijan">Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of lakes of Azerbaijan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Azerbaijan" title="National parks of Azerbaijan">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Orography of Azerbaijan">Orography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of protected areas of Azerbaijan">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_reserves_of_Azerbaijan" title="State reserves of Azerbaijan">State reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Azerbaijan" title="Wildlife of Azerbaijan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Azerbaijan" title="Borders of Azerbaijan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of cities in Azerbaijan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cabinet of Azerbaijan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Azerbaijan" title="Constitution of Azerbaijan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Azerbaijan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Children's rights in Azerbaijan">Children's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_policy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Migration policy of Azerbaijan">Migration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Economy of Azerbaijan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Azerbaijan" title="Agriculture in Azerbaijan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Azerbaijan" title="Central Bank of Azerbaijan">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of companies of Azerbaijan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Energy in Azerbaijan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Manat (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_Azerbaijan" title="Metallurgy in Azerbaijan">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mineral industry of Azerbaijan">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Azerbaijan" title="Natural resources of Azerbaijan">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Azerbaijan" title="Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Transport in Azerbaijan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijani_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Azerbaijani animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_art" title="Azerbaijani art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_wine" title="Azerbaijani wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folklore" title="Azerbaijani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_national_identity" title="Azerbaijani national identity">National identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Azerbaijan">Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_mythology" title="Azerbaijani mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz (New Year)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani rug">Rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Sport in Azerbaijan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_tea_culture" title="Azerbaijani tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Azerbaijan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_tradition_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding tradition in Azerbaijan">Wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Azerbaijan" title="Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_Azerbaijan" title="Gender equality in Azerbaijan">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_Azerbaijan" title="Medicine in Azerbaijan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Azerbaijan" title="Healthcare in Azerbaijan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Azerbaijan" title="Languages of Azerbaijan">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Azerbaijan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Azerbaijan" title="Women in Azerbaijan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Azerbaijan" title="National symbols of Azerbaijan">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az%C9%99rbaycan_mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Azərbaycan marşı">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Azerbaijan" title="National emblem of Azerbaijan">National emblem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Azerbaijan" title="Outline of Azerbaijan">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Azerbaijan-related_articles" title="Index of Azerbaijan-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_history_of_the_Caucasus#Azerbaijan" title="Bibliography of the history of the Caucasus">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Azerbaijan" title="Category:Azerbaijan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caucasian_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caucasian_music" title="Template:Caucasian music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caucasian_music" title="Template talk:Caucasian music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caucasian_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caucasian music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caucasian_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasian</a> music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiaaira" title="Aiaaira">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Republic_of_Adygea" class="mw-redirect" title="Music in the Republic of Adygea">Republic of Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Music in Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_in_the_Chechen_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music in the Chechen Republic (page does not exist)">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_in_the_Republic_of_Dagestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music in the Republic of Dagestan (page does not exist)">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Republic_of_Ingushetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music in the Republic of Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kalmykia" title="Music of Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_in_Krasnodar_Krai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music in Krasnodar Krai (page does not exist)">Krasnodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetian music">Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Asia" title="Template:Music of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Music of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan" title="Music of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brunei" title="Music of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_East_Timor" title="Music of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea" title="Music of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Korea" title="Music of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Music of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Laos" title="Music of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maldives" title="Music of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mongolia" title="Music of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Myanmar" title="Music of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Singapore" title="Music of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Music of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tajikistan" title="Music of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkmenistan" title="Music of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uzbekistan" title="Music of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macau" title="Music of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> 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title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_San_Marino" title="Music of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Music of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Svalbard (page does 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