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searchaux" style="display:none">Warrior distinguished by quantifiable achievements</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg/220px-Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg/330px-Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Pegoud_croix_de_guerre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>The "first French ace", Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_P%C3%A9goud" title="Adolphe Pégoud">Adolphe Pégoud</a> being awarded the <i><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)">Croix de guerre</a></i>. The term "ace" in relation to individual military success originated with French military propaganda of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ace</b>, when used in the context of military <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, denotes a successful military professional who has accumulated a meaningfully measurable statistic such as aircraft shot down, tanks destroyed, tonnage sunk, or a number of successful sniper shots.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In a manner analogous to sport statistics, some military roles can be measured in terms of a quantifiable metric. Once said metric is established, military personnel (whether within the same force, in different forces, or in different eras) may be quantified versus the designated metric and compared in a tabular fashion. Such metrics may be used as a basis for military merit awards, such as <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by setting an arbitrary threshold. Likewise, a designation of "ace" ("double ace", "triple ace", etc.) may be applied, such as 5 aircraft shot down. </p><p>The ace achieved success with "skill and luck, and if victorious won the accolades of the patriotic public".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usage of the term in popular culture evolved to include "tank aces" ("<a href="/wiki/Panzer_ace" title="Panzer ace">Panzer aces</a>") and "submarine aces". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flying_aces">Flying aces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Flying aces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">Flying ace</a></div> <p>The term is most commonly applied to military <a href="/wiki/Pilot_(aeronautics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot (aeronautics)">aviators</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Fighter_pilot" title="Fighter pilot">fighter pilots</a>, who are often described as "<a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying aces</a>". The term "ace" in relation to individual military success originated with French military propaganda of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The <i>as de l'aviation</i> (the flying ace) was used for fighter pilots who had shot down a certain number of enemy aircraft, usually five or more. It has been picked up particularly by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">United States Army Air Service</a> and its propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The emergence of the solo "flying ace" can be traced to the introduction of the single-seater fighter airplane in 1915. The image created by the state propaganda was that of "chevalier of the skies", the successor of the medieval knight at a <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">joust</a>. According to Nicole-Melanie Goll, the popular perception of one-on-one duels was divorced from reality, however, as planes rarely broke formation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ace was supposed to be in control of his destiny, and could only be defeated by an equally skillful opponent. Hence, being shot down by ground anti-aircraft fire was considered to be a dishonour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2003xviii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2003xviii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian Peter Fritzsche:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFritzsche199264_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritzsche199264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The ace in combat is an immediately recognizable image. In control of his fate, handling his airplane with great courage and skill but also with an envied recklessness, the aviator appeared to be a genuine war hero, comparable to cavalrymen in Napoleon's era or chivalrous knights in the Middle Ages. [...] To this day, myths opposing the individual, distinctive combat of the aces to the industrial mass war on the ground remain deeply embedded in Western folklore.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_"aces""><span id="Other_.22aces.22"></span>Other "aces"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other "aces""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Panzer_ace" title="Panzer ace">Panzer ace</a></div> <p>The term "tank ace" is occasionally applied to tank crew. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Valpy_Radley-Walters" title="Sydney Valpy Radley-Walters">Sydney Radley-Walters</a>' obituary published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i> in 2015 described him as the "best Canadian front-line tank ace" of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Kershaw in his book "Tank Men" refers to a "Tank Ace" being the minority of <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a> commanders that accounted for the most destroyed enemy <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a>, saying it is roughly analogous with <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2009332_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2009332-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet tankers with over five kills, such as <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Lavrinenko" title="Dmitry Lavrinenko">Dmitry Lavrinenko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zinoviy_Kolobanov" title="Zinoviy Kolobanov">Zinovy Kolobanov</a>, have also been referred to as "tank aces".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many German U-boat commanders of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Prien" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunther Prien">Gunther Prien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kretschmer" title="Otto Kretschmer">Otto Kretschmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_L%C3%BCth" title="Wolfgang Lüth">Wolfgang Lüth</a>, have been popularised in German war-time propaganda and popular literature. According to historian Michael L. Hadley,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadley1995176_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadley1995176-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Literature of World War II heightened the features that earlier cults of the hero [of the German <a href="/wiki/U-boat_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="U-boat arm">U-boat arm</a>] had promoted. This was the era of the "grey wolves" and "steel sharks", when wolf packs, officially designated by such predatory names "robber baron" and "bludgeon", attacked the Allies' convoys. Widespread popularization of the U-boat aces, of their images and deeds propagated the cult of the personality which even today finds resonance in the popular market.</p></blockquote> <p>Due to the individual nature of sniping and the possibility to record the number of successful shots due to the relatively small number of shots taken and due to the target being under observation through the shot, compiling statistics regarding <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">sniper</a> success is possible (<a href="/wiki/List_of_snipers" title="List of snipers">List of snipers</a>). Recognition of snipers by production was particularly done in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a> and was used for war-time propaganda and remained relevant in popular culture after the war,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has continued to remain culturally relevant also in post-2000 conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Panzer_Aces" title="Panzer Aces">Panzer Aces</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Aces" title="Infantry Aces">Infantry Aces</a></i>, a book series by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kurowski" title="Franz Kurowski">Franz Kurowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_in_popular_culture" title="Waffen-SS in popular culture">Waffen-SS in popular culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson200387–113_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2003">Robertson 2003</a>, pp. 87–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Robertson, Linda Raine. The dream of civilized warfare: World War I flying aces and the American imagination. U of Minnesota Press, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson, Gordon. <i>Knight's Cross and Oak-Leaves Recipients 1939? 40</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoll2011147_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoll2011">Goll 2011</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2003xviii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2003xviii_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2003">Robertson 2003</a>, p. xviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritzsche199264-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFritzsche199264_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFritzsche1992">Fritzsche 1992</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRose2015" class="citation news cs1">Rose, Larry D. (24 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/tank-ace-captain-radley-walters-began-stellar-career-at-normandy/article24093726/">"Tank Ace began stellar career at Normandy"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Tank+Ace+began+stellar+career+at+Normandy&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Larry+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftank-ace-captain-radley-walters-began-stellar-career-at-normandy%2Farticle24093726%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2009332-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2009332_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKershaw2009">Kershaw 2009</a>, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmirnov2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Smirnov, Aleksandr (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armor.kiev.ua/Battle/WWII/lavrinenko/"><bdi lang="ru">Танковый ас Дмитрий Лавриненко</bdi></a> [Tank Ace Dmitry Lavrinenko]. <i>Танкомастер</i> (in Russian). <b>3</b>: 6–9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%81+%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=6-9&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Smirnov&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmor.kiev.ua%2FBattle%2FWWII%2Flavrinenko%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2013" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven J. (2013-03-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PoGHCwAAQBAJ&q=soviet+tank+ace&pg=PT71"><i>KV-1 & 2 Heavy Tanks 1939–45</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472803214" title="Special:BookSources/9781472803214"><bdi>9781472803214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KV-1+%26+2+Heavy+Tanks+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.isbn=9781472803214&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPoGHCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsoviet%2Btank%2Bace%26pg%3DPT71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadley1995176-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadley1995176_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadley1995">Hadley 1995</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sniper Ace: From the Eastern Front to Siberia, Bruno Sutkus, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848325487" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848325487">978-1848325487</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">eg the film <a href="/wiki/Enemy_at_the_Gates" title="Enemy at the Gates">Enemy at the Gates</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coughlin, Sgt Jack, Casey Kuhlman, and Donald A. Davis. Shooter: The autobiography of the top-ranked marine sniper. Macmillan, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritzsche1992" class="citation book cs1">Fritzsche, Peter (1992). <i>A Nation of Fliers: German Aviation and the Popular Imagination</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674601222" title="Special:BookSources/9780674601222"><bdi>9780674601222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+of+Fliers%3A+German+Aviation+and+the+Popular+Imagination&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780674601222&rft.aulast=Fritzsche&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoll2011" class="citation book cs1">Goll, Nicole-Melanie (2011). "Godwin von Brumowski (1889–1936): The Construction of an Austro-Hungarian War Hero during World War I". In Marija Wakounig; Karlo Ruzicic-Kessler (eds.). <i>From the Industrial Revolution to World War II in East Central Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. pp. 139–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3643901293" title="Special:BookSources/978-3643901293"><bdi>978-3643901293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Godwin+von+Brumowski+%281889%E2%80%931936%29%3A+The+Construction+of+an+Austro-Hungarian+War+Hero+during+World+War+I&rft.btitle=From+the+Industrial+Revolution+to+World+War+II+in+East+Central+Europe&rft.pages=139-56&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3643901293&rft.aulast=Goll&rft.aufirst=Nicole-Melanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadley1995" class="citation book cs1">Hadley, Michael L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mqup.ca/count-not-the-dead-products-9780773512825.php"><i>Count Not the Dead: The Popular Image of the German Submarine</i></a>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1282-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1282-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-1282-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Count+Not+the+Dead%3A+The+Popular+Image+of+the+German+Submarine&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-1282-5&rft.aulast=Hadley&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mqup.ca%2Fcount-not-the-dead-products-9780773512825.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2009" class="citation book cs1">Kershaw, Robert (2009). <i>Tank Men: the Human Story of Tanks at War</i>. London: Hodder. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444714838" title="Special:BookSources/9781444714838"><bdi>9781444714838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tank+Men%3A+the+Human+Story+of+Tanks+at+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781444714838&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2003" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Linda R. (2003). <i>The Dream of Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816642700" title="Special:BookSources/9780816642700"><bdi>9780816642700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dream+of+Civilized+Warfare%3A+World+War+I+Flying+Aces+and+the+American+Imagination&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minneapolis+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780816642700&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Linda+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAce+%28military%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&oldid=1207331639">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ace_(military)&oldid=1207331639</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aces_(military)" title="Category:Aces (military)">Aces (military)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_of_World_War_I" title="Category:Military personnel of World War I">Military personnel of World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Military personnel of World War II">Military personnel of World War II</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2017">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 February 2024, at 15:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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