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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Left-wing_beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Left-wing_beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Left-wing beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Left-wing_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970_general_election_and_1971_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970_general_election_and_1971_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1970 general election and 1971 war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970_general_election_and_1971_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Post-war politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhutto_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhutto_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Bhutto era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhutto_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>National Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_of_Pakistan_Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_of_Pakistan_Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Senate of Pakistan Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_of_Pakistan_Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sindh_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sindh_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sindh Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sindh_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punjab_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjab_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Punjab Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjab_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_party's_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_party's_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of party's presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_party's_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_party's_prime_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_party's_prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>List of party's prime ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_party's_prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_structure_and_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_structure_and_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current structure and composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_structure_and_composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current structure and composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_structure_and_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_involving_foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_involving_foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Issues involving foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues_involving_foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Challenges and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Challenges_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Challenges and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Challenges_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lost_left_and_post-secularism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lost_left_and_post-secularism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lost left and post-secularism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lost_left_and_post-secularism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir_Cause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir_Cause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kashmir Cause</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir_Cause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_opposition_and_factionalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_opposition_and_factionalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Internal opposition and factionalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_opposition_and_factionalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defection_in_PPP:_The_Launch_of_Pakistan_People's_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defection_in_PPP:_The_Launch_of_Pakistan_People's_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Defection in PPP: The Launch of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian-Patriots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defection_in_PPP:_The_Launch_of_Pakistan_People's_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pakistan People's Party</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="حزب الشعب الباكستاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب الشعب الباكستاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Xalq_Partiyas%C4%B1" title="Pakistan Xalq Partiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pakistan Xalq Partiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="পাকিস্তান পিপলস পার্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকিস্তান পিপলস পার্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_Pobl_Pakistan" title="Strollad Pobl Pakistan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad Pobl Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_lidov%C3%A1_strana" title="Pákistánská lidová strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pákistánská lidová strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistans_Folkeparti" title="Pakistans Folkeparti – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pakistans Folkeparti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanische_Volkspartei" title="Pakistanische Volkspartei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pakistanische Volkspartei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Λαϊκό Κόμμα του Πακιστάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαϊκό Κόμμα του Πακιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_del_Pueblo_Pakistan%C3%AD" title="Partido del Pueblo Pakistaní – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido del Pueblo Pakistaní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistana_Popola_Partio" title="Pakistana Popola Partio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pakistana Popola Partio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حزب مردم پاکستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب مردم پاکستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_du_peuple_pakistanais" title="Parti du peuple pakistanais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti du peuple pakistanais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="파키스탄 인민당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파키스탄 인민당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Rakyat_Pakistan" title="Partai Rakyat Pakistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Rakyat Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Popolare_Pakistano" title="Partito Popolare Pakistano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Popolare Pakistano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מפלגת העם הפקיסטנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת העם הפקיסטנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Пәкістан халық партиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пәкістан халық партиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistano_liaudies_partija" title="Pakistano liaudies partija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pakistano liaudies partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakiszt%C3%A1ni_N%C3%A9pp%C3%A1rt" title="Pakisztáni Néppárt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pakisztáni Néppárt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पिपल्स पार्टी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पाकिस्तान पिपल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाकिस्तान पीपल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="پاکستان پیپل پارتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاکستان پیپل پارتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Pakistan" title="Parti Rakyat Pakistan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Rakyat Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" title="Pakistan Peoples Party – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pakistan Peoples Party" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाकिस्तान पिपुल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="पाकिस्तान पीपुल्स पार्टी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पाकिस्तान पीपुल्स पार्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="パキスタン人民党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パキスタン人民党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistans_folkeparti" title="Pakistans folkeparti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pakistans folkeparti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਪਾਰਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਪਾਰਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="د پاکستان د خلکو گوند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پاکستان د خلکو گوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakista%C5%84ska_Partia_Ludowa" title="Pakistańska Partia Ludowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pakistańska Partia Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular_do_Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Partido Popular do Paquistão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Popular do Paquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пакистанская народная партия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пакистанская народная партия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pakistan People's Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пакистанска народна странка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пакистанска народна странка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanska_narodna_stranka" title="Pakistanska narodna stranka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pakistanska narodna stranka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanin_kansanpuolue" title="Pakistanin kansanpuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pakistanin kansanpuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistans_folkparti" title="Pakistans folkparti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pakistans folkparti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பாக்கித்தான் மக்கள் கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாக்கித்தான் மக்கள் கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Halk_Partisi" title="Pakistan Halk Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pakistan Halk Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Пакистанська народна партія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пакистанська народна партія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Pakistan" title="Đảng Nhân dân Pakistan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Nhân dân Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="巴基斯坦人民党 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴基斯坦人民党" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="巴基斯坦人民党 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴基斯坦人民党" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186591#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #000; border-bottom:2px solid #000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Pakistan People's Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی</span></span></span></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png/180px-Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png/270px-Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dc/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="294" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">PPP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Zardari" title="Ali Hassan Zardari">Ali Hassan Zardari</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_spokesperson" title="Party spokesperson">Spokesperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Shazia_Marri" title="Shazia Marri">Shazia Marri</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Historical leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader in <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf Raza Gillani">Yusuf Raza Gillani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader in <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">30 November 1967<span class="noprint">; 57 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1967-11-30</span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Pakistan_Peoples_Party" title="Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party">People's Secretariat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament Lodges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Zone_(Islamabad)" title="Red Zone (Islamabad)">Red Zone, Islamabad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Peoples Students Federation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a><sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <b>Historical:</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a><sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic liberalism">Islamic liberalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians">Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Democratic_Movement" title="Pakistan Democratic Movement">Pakistan Democratic Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"> روٹی، کپڑا اور مکان</span><br /><i>Roti, Kapra aur Makaan</i><br />(<i><abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr></i><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><i>Bread, Clothes, and a House</i></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">70 / 336</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Assembly of Punjab">Punjab Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Sindh" title="Provincial Assembly of Sindh">Sindh Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">118 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 70%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KP Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 145</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Balochistan Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 65</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly">Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Kashmir Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 53</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow_PPP_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arrow"><img alt="Arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arrow_PPP_symbol.png/100px-Arrow_PPP_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arrow_PPP_symbol.png/150px-Arrow_PPP_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arrow_PPP_symbol.png/200px-Arrow_PPP_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Arrow</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagge der Pakistanischen Volkspartei"><img alt="Flagge der Pakistanischen Volkspartei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg/200px-Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg/300px-Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg/400px-Flagge_der_Pakistanischen_Volkspartei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppp.org.pk/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/60px-Urdu_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Urdu_example.svg/80px-Urdu_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="857" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined letters running left to right or other symbols instead of <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu script</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1092331828"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sindhi.svg/40px-Sindhi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sindhi.svg/60px-Sindhi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sindhi.svg/80px-Sindhi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="964" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi text</a>, written from right to left with some letters joined.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi script</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Pakistan People's Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>: <span lang="sd" dir="rtl">پاڪستان پيپلز پارٽي</span>; <span style="font-size:85%;">abbr.</span> <b>PPP</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, currently being the largest in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a> and second-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a>. The party was founded in 1967 in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, when a number of prominent <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">left-wing politicians in the country</a> joined hands against the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>. It is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PPP's platform was formerly <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">socialist</a>, and its stated priorities continue to include transforming Pakistan into a <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> state,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promoting <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a> values, establishing <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, and maintaining a strong <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">military</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a>, is one of the three largest political parties of Pakistan. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians">Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians</a> (PPPP) is a dynastic political party<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a>, who serves as the President of Pakistan. The party is chaired by his son, <a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a>, while his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Aseefa_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Aseefa Bhutto Zardari">Asifa Bhutto Zardari</a>, also holds a position as a Member of the National Assembly (MNA). </p><p>Since its foundation in 1967, it has been a major <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> force in the country and the party's leadership has been dominated by the members of the <a href="/wiki/Bhutto_family" title="Bhutto family">Bhutto family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its centre of power lies in the southern province of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthem_Press,_Das_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthem_Press,_Das-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The People's Party has been <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">voted</a> into power on five separate occasions (<a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a>), while on four occasions (<a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_election" title="1990 Pakistani general election">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_election" title="2002 Pakistani general election">2002</a> and <a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013</a>) it emerged as the largest opposition party. There have been a total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Pakistan" title="List of prime ministers of Pakistan">four prime ministers</a> from the PPP. In <a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_general_election" title="2018 Pakistani general election">2018 general election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="2024 Pakistani general election">2024 general election</a>, PPP stood at 3rd position in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly of Pakistan</a>. </p><p>The PPP dominated the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">politics of Pakistan</a> during the 1970s, suffering a temporary decline during the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">military</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> of Gen. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>. After the re-establishment of democracy in 1988 following Zia's death, a <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a> developed, consisting of the People's Party and the <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamhoori_Ittehad" title="Islami Jamhoori Ittehad">Islamic Democratic Alliance</a>, later succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Nawaz League</a>. The party served as the principal opposition to the Gen. <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>-led <a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">military government from 1999 to 2008.</a> </p><p>The party conceded defeat during the <a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013 general election</a>, losing swathes of support in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab Province</a> where most of its base was lost to the emerging <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a>, although it retained its provincial government in Sindh.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2015_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2015-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newsweek_Pakistan,_2015_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_Pakistan,_2015-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Al-Jazeera_Pakistan_Bureau,_2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Jazeera_Pakistan_Bureau,_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_general_election" title="2018 Pakistani general election">2018 general election</a>, for the first time in history, the party was able to neither form the government nor emerge as the largest party in opposition. The above said electoral position remained the same in <a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="2024 Pakistani general election">2024 general election</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) was launched at its founding convention held in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> on 30 November and 1 December 1967. At the same meeting, former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Foreign Minister</a> Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was elected as its chairman. Among the expressed goals of the party were the establishment of an "egalitarian democracy" and the "application of socialistic ideas to realize economic and social justice". A more immediate task was the struggle against the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Muhammad Ayub Khan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Left-wing_beginnings">Left-wing beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Left-wing beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1965" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1965">Indo-Pakistani war of 1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Socialist_Party" title="Pakistan Socialist Party">Pakistan Socialist Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism in Pakistan">Communism in Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">Socialism in Pakistan</a></div> <p>In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a>'s policies were seen by many to have nourished the capitalist class at the expense of ordinary people, evidenced by the drastic increase in income inequality and poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1968, <a href="/wiki/Mahbub_ul_Haq" title="Mahbub ul Haq">Dr. Mahbub ul Haq</a>, the then Chief Economist of the Planning Commission reported that 22 families controlled 66% of the industries and owned an 87% share in the country's banking and insurance industries.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>, the economy collapsed, and investment growth in Pakistan saw a 20% decline in following years.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Pakistan was able to win the war of 1965, but the Tashkent Declaration shocked the people of Pakistan due to their expectation of a Pakistani victory results and the decision of declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayub Khan fiercely defended the declaration and called it in the best interest of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a confrontation between Ayub Khan and his <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Pakistan">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulifkar Ali Bhutto</a> which led to the resignation of the latter and the eventual creation of the People's Party.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Star-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhutto went on to accuse Ayub of "losing the war on the negotiating table."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition parties decided to protest against the declaration, but the state responded by imposing bans upon public gatherings and arresting activists.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resignation of Bhutto further angered the public, who were growing ever more discontent with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a> Khan's government.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 February 1966, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> announced his <a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">program of regional autonomy</a> for <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> at a news conference.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Star-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhutto's passionate stance against Ayub's regime was hailed by <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftist</a> groups, leading him to attempt to find a suitable position for himself in the <a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party" title="National Awami Party">National Awami Party</a> (NAP). Unable to succeed in this, Bhutto decided to launch his own political party.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 November 1967, a convention was held in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialists</a> and left-wing intellectuals gathered to meet with Bhutto at the residence of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a>, and the Pakistan People's Party was formed. The members of the newly formed party elected Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as its first chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The source says, "As a political party, the PPP was launched on 1 December 1970 when its founding members gathered at the Lahore residence of Mubashir Hasan. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was chosen as the chairman ..." (February 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Its manifesto, titled 'Islam is our Religion; Democracy is our Politics; Socialism is our Economy; Power Lies with the People' was written by <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshis in Pakistan">Bengali</a> <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">J. A. Rahim</a>, and published on 9 December 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main objective of the party was to establish a more <a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">classless society</a>, adopting a clear <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> programme of <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> and reducing <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document declared that "Only socialism, which creates equal opportunities for all, protects [people] from exploitation, removes the barriers of class distinction, and is capable of establishing economic and social justice. Socialism is the highest expression of democracy and its logical fulfillment".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> According to Philip E. Jones, the People's Party had three main ideological camps: <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic socialist">Islamic socialists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Landed_elite" class="mw-redirect" title="Landed elite">landed elite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, when Ayub Khan was celebrating his government's 'Decade of Development', demonstrations erupted all over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, spontaneous students' movements erupted throughout the country, largely due to unemployment and economic hardship which saw the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/1968_movement_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 movement in Pakistan">1968 movement in Pakistan</a>. In the same time, ideological differences emerged within the NAP, which led to a major split between the <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">pro-Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">pro-China</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">factions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-Soviet faction, led by <a href="/wiki/Khan_Abdul_Wali_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Abdul Wali Khan">Wali Khan</a>, proposed a parliamentary route to power, whereas the pro-China faction led by <a href="/wiki/Moulana_Bhashani" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulana Bhashani">Moulana Bhashani</a> advocated for a <a href="/wiki/Peasant_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant revolution">peasant revolution</a> to overthrow Ayub Khan's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacuum on the left generated by the disunity of the National Awami Party was effectively filled by Bhutto's People's Party as a united front of opposition to Ayub Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p> Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, being shrewder in sensing the mood of the mass movement, had embarked upon the 'need for socialism' and other radical slogans. This PPP programme connected with the masses' moods, aspirations and sentiments; the PPP became the largest party of the masses in the history of Pakistan, almost overnight. The first activists and cadres who gave the PPP a foothold and standing were from the different Maoist groups and other scattered left activists. These groups were disillusioned and frustrated by the traditional Stalinist leadership of the left.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In 1968, a massive public-relations program was launched by the party, beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab Province (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>. Bhutto's program directly targeted the country's poverty-stricken masses. The left-wing oriented slogan 'Land to the Landless' proved to be popular amongst the peasants and labour-force, as the party promised not only to abolish the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">feudal system</a>, but also to redistribute land. The working-classes quickly flocked to the party, believing it to be a party dedicated to the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young university students and teachers who often bore the brunt of <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)">Ayub Khan's</a> dictatorial regime during his decade-long rule were promised a better future with better educational and career opportunities. Many other members of society who had felt stifled and repressed by the press-control and heavy censorship practised by the authoritarian Khan regime also joined the new party, whose manifesto also attracted the country's numerous minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The continuous contentions forced Ayub Khan to resign from the presidency in 1969, leading to the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">martial law</a> by <a href="/wiki/Army_Chief_of_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)">Army Commander</a> General <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a>, after he promised to hold elections within two years. During this time, the Peoples Party intensified its support in West Pakistan, organizing itself and gaining support from poor masses in West Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970_general_election_and_1971_war">1970 general election and 1971 war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970 general election and 1971 war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970 Pakistani general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1971">Indo-Pakistani war of 1971</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Surrender_(1971)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument of Surrender (1971)">Instrument of Surrender (1971)</a></div> <p>Ayub Khan succumbed to <a href="/wiki/Pressure_politics" title="Pressure politics">political pressure</a> on 26 March 1969 and handed power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army, General <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan</a>. President Yahya Khan imposed martial law and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1962" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1962">1962 Constitution</a> was abrogated. On 31 March 1970, President Yahya Khan announced a <a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_1970" title="Legal Framework Order, 1970">Legal Framework Order (LFO)</a> which called for direct elections to a unicameral legislature. Many in the <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West</a> feared the <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East</a> wing's demand for provincial autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-Talbot_1998_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbot_1998-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of the LFO was to secure the future constitution which would be written after the election in order for it to include safeguards such as preserving Pakistan's territorial integrity and Islamic ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-Talbot_1998_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbot_1998-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the background of recent political developments, the People's Party decided to hold its National Conference. This was to be held in Lahore from 4–6 April 1969 but due to the imposition of Martial law, it was called off. Later from 1–3 July 1970, the first conference was held in Hala Sharif, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this historical conference which is known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hala_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hala Conference (page does not exist)">Hala Conference</a>, there were two different opinions on participating in the <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">upcoming general election</a>. Some argued that the Party should not take part in elections but rather adopt methods of revolutionary insurrection to take power, whereas others emphasized the importance of partaking in <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a>. In the end, the decision to participate in the elections was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 January 1970, Z.A. Bhutto officially launched his election campaign by addressing a public meeting at <a href="/wiki/Nishtar_Park" title="Nishtar Park">Nishtar Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> then conducted public meetings at <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi's</a> <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Bagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaquat Bagh">Liaquat Bagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province" title="North-West Frontier Province">NWFP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1970s, the Pakistan Peoples Party had become the leading party of <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">the Left in Pakistan</a>, publishing its ideas in newspapers such as <i>Nusrat</i>, <i>Fatah</i>, and <i>Mussawat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970 General Election</a>, the People's Party dominated West Pakistani seats, defeating <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">right-of-centre</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West-Pakistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the story in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> was altogether different, where the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> had dominated and the People's Party had failed to win a single seat (likewise, the Awami League had also failed to make a breakthrough in West Pakistan).<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> secured 160 seats out of the total 300 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a>, whereas the People's Party came second with 81 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. However, Bhutto contested Rahman's mandate to form government in West Pakistan due to his party not having won a single seat there.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_2000_p._393_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_2000_p._393-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Bhutto proposed the <a href="/wiki/One_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="One Unit">One Unit scheme</a>, with two separate prime ministers for West and East Pakistan. This proposal was rejected by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose <a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six Point programme</a> for a more <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Pakistan" title="Federalism in Pakistan">federal Pakistan</a> was also rejected by Bhutto. On 3 March 1971, the two leaders, along with President General Yahya Khan, met in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dacca</a> to try and resolve the constitutional crisis. After their discussions yielded no satisfactory results, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for a nationwide strike. Bhutto, fearing a civil war, sent his trusted companion, <a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_2000_p._393_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_2000_p._393-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to convey a message to Rahman, who agreed to meet Bhutto once again.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_2000_p._393_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_2000_p._393-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two leaders agreed to form a coalition government with Rahman as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister</a> and Bhutto as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_2000_p._393_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_2000_p._393-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the military was unaware of these developments, and Bhutto increased his pressure on Rahman to reach a decision.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_2000_p._393_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_2000_p._393-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the launch of military action in East Pakistan (see Operations <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Searchlight" title="Operation Searchlight">Searchlight</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barisal" title="Operation Barisal">Barisal</a></i>), the situation became unreconcilable . </p><p>Bhutto and his supporters criticised Yahya Khan's handling of the situation which led to the arrests of Bhutto and members of the People's Party, alongside Mujibur Rahman in <a href="/wiki/Adiala_Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiala Jail">Adiala Jail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1971">Indian intervention</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a>, cementing the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">independence of Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_20th_Century_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_20th_Century-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_politics">Post-war politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-war politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indian_nuclear_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian nuclear programme">Indian nuclear programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationalization_in_Pakistan#Nationalization_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalization in Pakistan">Nationalization programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Operation Cyclone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Fair Play">Operation Fair Play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Pakistani general elections">1977 Pakistani general elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988 Pakistani general election</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993 Pakistani general election</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg/90px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg/135px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg/180px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Cutlass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">Sword</a> remained the iconic identity of PPP during 1970 to 1977<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> As result of Pakistan's defeat by India in <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>, General Yahya Khan was forced to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 December, he was taken to the President House in Rawalpindi, where he took over two positions from Yahya Khan, one as president and the other as first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator. Thus, he was the first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator of the dismembered Pakistan. By the time Bhutto had assumed control of what remained of Pakistan, the nation was completely isolated, angered, and demoralized.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After becoming president, Bhutto in his first statement to foreign media correspondents said: </p><blockquote><p>Let us forget the past. We have made terrible mistakes and Pakistan is in a mess—the worst crisis in our history. But we have been given a terrible bashing by the Western press and I ask you now to please get off our backs while we put our house in order.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhutto_era">Bhutto era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bhutto era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhutto vowed to build a new Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 January 1972 Bhutto announced the nationalisation of all major industries, including iron and steel, heavy engineering, heavy electricals, petrochemicals, cement and public utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new labour policy was announced increasing the power of trade unions. Although he came from a feudal background himself, Bhutto announced reforms limiting land ownership and a government take-over of more than a million acres to distribute to landless peasants. More than 2,000 civil servants were dismissed on charges of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He successfully negotiated the return of 93,000 prisoners of war and settlement with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst kicking off the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction">country's nuclear programme</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in January 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ghafoor_Bugari_and_Sani_Penhwar,_Member_of_Parliament_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdul_Ghafoor_Bugari_and_Sani_Penhwar,_Member_of_Parliament-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/1973_constitution_of_pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 constitution of pakistan">1973 constitution</a> put Pakistan on the road to <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdul_Ghafoor_Bugari_and_Sani_Penhwar,_Member_of_Parliament_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdul_Ghafoor_Bugari_and_Sani_Penhwar,_Member_of_Parliament-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the People's Party's first budget of 1972–3, health and education were nationalised, with a record 42.3 percent of the total budget being allocated for them.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly of Pakistan</a> approved the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1973">new constitution</a> on 10 April 1973 and it came into effect from 14 August 1973, the day Bhutto became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhutto initiated different reforms like expanding the school network to slums and small villages, creating basic health facilities, land reforms and housing schemes. However, the Party's measures fell through<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%931975_recession" title="1973–1975 recession">1970s global economic recession</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>, and the failure of reforms resulted into rising inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credit" title="Letter of credit">letter of credit</a> of Pakistan was rejected by foreign banks and a massive outflow of capital was seen from the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr Mubashar Hassan, then-finance minister wrote in a note to all ministers, special assistants, provincial chief ministers and governors: </p><blockquote><p>"We have been in office for more than six months. Many decisions have been taken but a growing implementation gap is becoming visible. Once the implementation gap sets in, the decline begins. We came to abolish the abominable status quo but the status quo is very much present..."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Similarly, workers intensified their demands and during first months of 1972, whole country engulfed with periodic lockouts and encirclement of industries.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them notable struggles were the emergence of a worker-led court under Abdur Rehman in <a href="/wiki/Kot_Lakhpat" title="Kot Lakhpat">Kot Lakhpat</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Karachi_labour_unrest_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachi labour unrest of 1972">Karachi labour unrest of 1972</a>. </p><p>In the field of foreign policy, the People's Party built a good relationship with China, with Bhutto successfully negotiating an aid package worth $300 million for Pakistan and also writing off loans amounting to over $110 million.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 February 1974, Pakistan hosted all the leaders of the Islamic world in the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> in Lahore. </p><p>Domestically, serious issues began to emerge within the party's ranks, when Bhutto decided to utilise the state to keep an eye on the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">Pakistan National Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After he purged left-wing activists – such as <a href="/wiki/Malik_Meraj_Khalid" title="Malik Meraj Khalid">Malik Meraj Khalid</a>, a Marxist law minister – from his own party's ranks,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a> also resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1974, under pressure from religious organizations, Bhutto passed a <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">constitutional amendment</a> declaring the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> community to be <a href="/wiki/Religious_minorities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious minorities in Pakistan">non-Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Bhutto ordered an <a href="/wiki/1970s_operation_in_Balochistan" title="1970s operation in Balochistan">Army operation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchistan province">Baluchistan province</a> against the government of the <a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party" title="National Awami Party">National Awami Party</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977 general election</a>, the People's Party won a landslide majority. However, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_National_Alliance" title="Pakistan National Alliance">PNA</a>-led opposition started demonstrations against alleged rigging in the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Express_Tribune-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition labelled Bhutto as a 'Kafir' (i.e., unislamic) and an alcoholic,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which Bhutto responded, by saying, "Yes, I drink alcohol, but I do not drink the blood of the people",<sup id="cite_ref-:8_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although, in 1974, he had banned alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhutto offered to hold another set of elections in November 1977 and offered ministries to the PNA,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this failed, sparking further civil disobedience against the Peoples Party. Tensions mounted and despite an agreement reached between the opposition and PPP, martial law was imposed in the country by <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970s_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_1970s-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1979, after a controversial trial found him guilty of murdering a political opponent, Bhutto was executed by hanging.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Express_Tribune_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Express_Tribune-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4_year_old_Fraz_Wahlah,_with_his_father_MS_Wahlah_behind_him,_holding_Peoples_Party_flag_%26_leading_an_MRD_protest_against_General_Zia%27s_martial_law_shortly_before_his_arrest_making_him_youngest_prisoner_of_the_military_dictator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/4_year_old_Fraz_Wahlah%2C_with_his_father_MS_Wahlah_behind_him%2C_holding_Peoples_Party_flag_%26_leading_an_MRD_protest_against_General_Zia%27s_martial_law_shortly_before_his_arrest_making_him_youngest_prisoner_of_the_military_dictator.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/4_year_old_Fraz_Wahlah%2C_with_his_father_MS_Wahlah_behind_him%2C_holding_Peoples_Party_flag_%26_leading_an_MRD_protest_against_General_Zia%27s_martial_law_shortly_before_his_arrest_making_him_youngest_prisoner_of_the_military_dictator.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/4_year_old_Fraz_Wahlah%2C_with_his_father_MS_Wahlah_behind_him%2C_holding_Peoples_Party_flag_%26_leading_an_MRD_protest_against_General_Zia%27s_martial_law_shortly_before_his_arrest_making_him_youngest_prisoner_of_the_military_dictator.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="1931" /></a><figcaption>4 year old Fraz Wahlah, with his father MS Wahlah behind him, holding Peoples Party flag & leading an MRD protest against General Zia's martial law shortly before his arrest making him youngest prisoner of the military dictator.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1982, his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, was elected as the Peoples Party's co-chairperon alongside his wife, <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a>, who was elected in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan_(ZAB)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The People's Party headed the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Restoration_of_Democracy" title="Movement for the Restoration of Democracy">Movement for the Restoration of Democracy</a> which was one of the largest non-violent democratic movements in the world against the military dictatorship of Zia-ul-Haq. </p><p>After eleven years, the People's Party returned to power by winning the <a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988 General Election</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> becoming the first female <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_1980s_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_1980s-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, the Peoples party's government was dismissed due to economic recession, issues regarding to national security and nationalisation. Benazir and the Peoples Party lost the <a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_election" title="1990 Pakistani general election">1990 General Election</a> serving in opposition for the first since its inception in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_of_Pakistan,_1980s_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story_of_Pakistan,_1980s-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was found by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a> in 2012 that this election had been rigged in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League" title="Pakistan Muslim League">Pakistan Muslim League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The People's Party returned to power in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993 General Election</a>, forming a coalition with <a href="/wiki/JUI(F)" class="mw-redirect" title="JUI(F)">JUI(F)</a>. However, over the next few years, the Party split into three main factional groups: the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Shaheed_Bhutto)" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)">Bhuttoists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians">Parliamentarians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Sherpao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpao)">Sherpaoists</a>, with Bhuttoism becoming the most influential and powerful in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthem_Press,_Das_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthem_Press,_Das-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internal opposition and disapproval of Benazir Bhutto's policies by her brother <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a> created a rift in their relations. Murtaza Bhutto was assassinated in 1996, with many pointing the finger of blame at his sister.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its effect on the Peoples Party was disastrous, whose government was dismissed by the party's own elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a> in September 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nation_Books_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation_Books-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1996 and <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto" title="Assassination of Benazir Bhutto">Bhutto's assassination in 2007</a>, the Peoples Party has suffered with major internal factional conflicts, between <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">leftists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberals</a> over the Party's shift to <a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherite economics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993 Pakistani general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997 Pakistani general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_election" title="2002 Pakistani general election">2002 Pakistani general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Pakistani parliamentary election">2008 Pakistani parliamentary election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">2008 Pakistani presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2012 Pakistani Senate election">2012 Pakistani Senate election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013 Pakistani general election</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_Zardari_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>American Vice President and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> meeting with the integral <a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Pakistan_Peoples_Party" title="Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party">leadership</a> of the PPP in Islamabad, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto" title="Assassination of Benazir Bhutto">assassination of Benazir Bhutto</a> on 27 December 2007, the <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008 parliamentary elections</a> which were scheduled to be held in January were postponed until 18 February. The PPP won the considerable victory on among all political parties, gaining a momentum of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, whilst the centre-right, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League</a> came second in place, managing to secure 91 seats from all over the country. In 2008, the co-chairman <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> announced to end the fourth dictatorship when he quoted: "Pakistan was on its way of ridding dictatorships forever", and appealed to the Pakistan Muslim League (N) leader, former Pakistan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a>, to form a coalition controlling over half the seats in Pakistan's 342 seat parliament. </p><p>In a press conference held in Muree, Punjab on 9 March 2008,conservatives under Nawaz Sharif and socialists led by Asif Ali Zardari officially signed an agreement to form a coalition government. Titled the PPP-PML summit declaration, the joint declaration both parties agreed on the reinstatement of judges deposed during the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_rule#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency rule">emergency rule</a> imposed on 3 November 2007 by General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> within 30 days after the new federal government was formed. On 28 March, the peoples party appointed <a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousaf Raza Gillani</a> for the office of prime minister and formed coalition government with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Q)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Q)">Pakistan Muslim League (Q)</a> in Punjab, <a href="/wiki/Awami_National_Party" title="Awami National Party">Awami National Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/JUI(F)" class="mw-redirect" title="JUI(F)">JUI(F)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Pakistan)">Balochistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">Muttahida Qaumi Movement</a> in Sindh. While on other hand, the Peoples Party claimed the exclusive mandate in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Kashmir</a>. However, this treaty was later on was violated by PPP government, after which PML(N) withdrew from coalition and federal government. </p><p>On 5 September 2008, the Peoples Party nominated its co-chairman and chairman of central executive committee, Asif Ali Zardari, for the upcoming <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">presidential election</a>. Zardari secured 481 votes out of 700 votes from the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College of Pakistan">Electoral College of Pakistan</a>, winning the Pakistan's presidential election on 5 September 2008. In April 2010, president Zardari voluntarily surrendered his political and presidential powers to prime minister Gillani and the parliament, and through <a href="/wiki/18th_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan</a>, Zardari transferred the authority of government and political appointments, and powers to exercise the authority of government to prime minister Gillani as part of country's road to <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>. Even though growing unpopularity, it has managed to maintain a large vote bank in deeper <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">South Punjab</a>. On national front, it is currently competing against <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a>. On 22 June 2012, the PPP nominated Raja Pervez Ashraf was elected as the new Pakistan PM.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017, according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, the party "has become irrelevant outside their home province of Sindh."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 April 2022, the PPP formed a coalition government with the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a> and other parties, electing <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> as Prime Minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly_elections">National Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party chairperson </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 Pakistani general elections">1970</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> </td> <td>6,148,923 </td> <td>39.1% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">81 / 131</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 81 </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Pakistani general elections">1977</a> </td> <td>10,148,040 </td> <td>60.1% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">155 / 200</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 78%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 74 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fair_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Fair Play">Martial law in effect</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Pakistani_general_election" title="1985 Pakistani general election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>Non-participant </td> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Pakistani general elections">1988</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> </td> <td>7,546,561 </td> <td>38.5% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">94 / 207</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 94 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Pakistani general elections">1990</a> </td> <td>7,795,218 </td> <td>36.8% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 207</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 50 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Pakistani general elections">1993</a> </td> <td>7,578,635 </td> <td>37.9% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">89 / 207</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Pakistani general elections">1997</a> </td> <td>4,152,209 </td> <td>21.8% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 207</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 71 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Pakistani general elections">2002</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Faheem" title="Ameen Faheem">Ameen Faheem</a> </td> <td>7,616,033 </td> <td>26.05% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">81 / 342</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 63 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Pakistani general elections">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (assassinated whilst campaigning)<br /><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>10,666,548 </td> <td>30.79% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">119 / 342</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Pakistani general elections">2013</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>6,911,218 </td> <td>15.32% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">42 / 342</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_general_election" title="2018 Pakistani general election">2018</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">6,924,356 </td> <td rowspan="2">13.03% </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">55 / 342</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition (till 11 April 2022)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Coalition partner (from 11 April 2022)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="2024 Pakistani general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>8,244,944 </td> <td>13.92% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">73 / 336</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Confidence and Supply</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_of_Pakistan_Elections">Senate of Pakistan Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Senate of Pakistan Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Election</b></th> <th>Party chairperson</th> <th><b>Votes</b></th> <th><b>%</b></th> <th><b>Seats</b> </th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2006 Pakistani Senate election">2006</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Faheem" title="Ameen Faheem">Ameen Faheem</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>-</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2009 Pakistani Senate election">2009</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>22</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2012 Pakistani Senate election">2012</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">41 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>14</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2015_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2015 Pakistani Senate election">2015</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2018 Pakistani Senate election">2018</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Pakistani_Senate_election" title="2021 Pakistani Senate election">2021</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>-</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition / Government</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sindh_Assembly_elections">Sindh Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sindh Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party chairperson </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2002 Sindh provincial election">2002</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Faheem" title="Ameen Faheem">Ameen Faheem</a> </td> <td>2,115,472 </td> <td>35.05% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">67 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> - </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2008 Sindh provincial election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (assassinated whilst campaigning)<br /><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>3,597,275 </td> <td>41.94% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">92 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2013 Sindh provincial election">2013</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>3,209,686 </td> <td>32.63% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">91 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2018 Sindh provincial election">2018</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>3,853,081 </td> <td>40.03% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">99 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2024 Sindh provincial election">2024</a> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 168</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjab_Assembly_elections">Punjab Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Punjab Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party chairperson </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Pakistani general elections">2002</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Faheem" title="Ameen Faheem">Ameen Faheem</a> </td> <td>4,145,106 </td> <td>22.48% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">79 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>− </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2008 Punjab provincial election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (assassinated whilst campaigning)<br /><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>5,565,743 </td> <td>26.89% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">103 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Coalition Government</span> * <p>Later <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2013 Punjab provincial election">2013</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>2,464,812 </td> <td>8.84% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 99 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2018 Punjab provincial election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>1,781,330 </td> <td>5.38% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2024 Punjab provincial election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 371</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7"> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008 elections</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML (N)</a> and the PPP formed a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML (N)</a> as the senior party and <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)">Chief Minister of Punjab</a>. However, in 2011, the PPP was expelled from this coalition due to corruption allegations.</li></ul> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Assembly_elections">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party chairperson </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Pakistani general elections">2002</a> <i>(NWFP)</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Faheem" title="Ameen Faheem">Ameen Faheem</a> </td> <td>270,468 </td> <td>9% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a> <i>(NWFP)</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> (assassinated whilst campaigning)<br /><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>563,057 </td> <td>16.49% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Coalition Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2013</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>473,358 </td> <td>8.82% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2018 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>596,816 </td> <td>9.04% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>− </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2024 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>TBD </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 124</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_Elections">Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Election</b></th> <th>Party Chairperson</th> <th><b>Votes</b></th> <th><b>%</b></th> <th><b>Seats</b> </th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2011 Azad Kashmiri general election">2011</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 49</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2016 Azad Kashmiri general election">2016</a></td> <td>352,742</td> <td>21.2%</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 49</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2021 Azad Kashmiri general election">2021</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a></td> <td>349,895</td> <td>18.28%</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 53</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_Elections">Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Election</b></th> <th>Party Chairperson</th> <th><b>Votes</b></th> <th><b>%</b></th> <th><b>Seats</b> </th> <th>+/–</th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2009</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></td> <td>72,851</td> <td>33.08%</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">Government</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2015_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2015 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2015</a></td> <td>69,216</td> <td>18.26%</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2020 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2020</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: black; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">Opposition</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_leadership">Notable leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first socialist and democratic convention attended by the leading 67 left-wing intellectuals who appointed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the first and founding chair of the Pakistan Peoples Party. After his execution, the senior party leadership handed over the chairmanship of the party to his wife, <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a>, and held the position into the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussain_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussain-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, Nusrat Bhutto, ill with cancer, was given permission to leave Pakistan for medical treatment and remained abroad for several years. At that point her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, became acting head of the party while Nusrat technically remained its chairman<sup id="cite_ref-Hussain_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussain-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was referred to as such as late as September 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By January 1984, Benazir was being referred to as the party's chairman and subsequently secured the legal appointment by the senior leadership of <a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Pakistan_Peoples_Party" title="Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party">Central Executive Committee</a> at the convention held in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had been elected chairperson for life,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-2007-12-28_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2007-12-28-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which she remained until her assassination on 27 December 2007. Her nineteen-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> and his father <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> were appointed party co-chairmen after assassination of <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> on 30 December 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_party's_presidents"><span id="List_of_party.27s_presidents"></span>List of party's presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: List of party's presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Presidents </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Presidential elections </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> </td> <td>1971–1973 </td> <td>1 year, 7 months, 25 days </td> <td>20 December 1971 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ilahi_Chaudhry" title="Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry">Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry</a> </td> <td>1973–1978 </td> <td>5 years, 1 month, 3 days </td> <td>14 August 1973 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a> </td> <td>1993–1997 </td> <td>4 years, 1 month, 19 days </td> <td>14 November 1993 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="2">4 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> </td> <td>2008–2013 </td> <td>5 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">6 September 2008</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>2024– </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2024 Pakistani presidential election">9 March 2024</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_party's_prime_ministers"><span id="List_of_party.27s_prime_ministers"></span>List of party's prime ministers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: List of party's prime ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Prime ministers </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Elections </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> </td> <td>1973–1977 </td> <td>3 years, 10 months, 21 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto#Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">1973</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> </td> <td>1988–1990; 1993–1996 </td> <td>4 years, 8 months, 21 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousaf Raza Gillani</a> </td> <td>2008–2012 </td> <td>4 years, 2 months, 25 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja_Pervaiz_Ashraf" title="Raja Pervaiz Ashraf">Raja Pervaiz Ashraf</a> </td> <td>2012–2013 </td> <td>9 months, 2 days, </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_structure_and_composition">Current structure and composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Current structure and composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Pakistan_Peoples_Party_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan">Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan</a></div> <p>The Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party of Pakistan serves as party's highest leadership, and apex governing authority, and is primarily responsible for promoting Peoples Party activities, promotion, media campaigning, welfare distribution, <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">works</a>. The CEC is the supreme parliamentary body in charge of setting out strategies and positions during and after elections. The CEC is currently chaired by <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assisted by additional vice-chairmen, including all the major office bearers of the party. However, the CEC is focused on election campaigning and organizational strategy during the national parliamentary elections, overseeing the media works, ideological promotion, and the foreign policy. The public works, welfare distribution are partly managed at the municipal unit level up to the federal level, which supervise and give legal authority for such works. </p><p>The PPP-Young Organization is a youth-led party organisation that attempts to mobilise the youth for Peoples Party candidates for the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Youth Parliament of Pakistan">Youth Parliament</a>. The group's <a href="/wiki/Trotskyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyist">Trotskyist</a>-<a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> wing, "<i>The Struggle</i>", which is internationally affiliated with <a href="/wiki/International_Marxist_Tendency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Marxist Tendency">International Marxist Tendency</a> (IMT) pursues an <a href="/wiki/Entryist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryist">entryist</a> strategy by working inside party's student wing, the <a href="/wiki/Peoples_Students_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples Students Federation">Peoples Students</a>, a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging the new generation of the Pakistan Peoples Party. The Peoples Party also has an active military-street wing, the <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Aman_Committee" title="Peoples' Aman Committee">People's Committee</a>, controversially affiliated with the Pakistan Peoples Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Samaa_Television_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samaa_Television-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nationally, each <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces and territories of Pakistan">province and territory</a> has a provisional committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex-officio committee members who elect its presidents. The local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions, and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law. All administration, campaign, and party policies required complete permission from the CEC's co-chairman and the vice-chairmen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its inception, the notable <a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism in Pakistan">communists</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">socialists</a> of the defunct <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Socialist_Party" title="Pakistan Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a> gathered to form the Peoples Party in 1967 by electing <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> its first chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pakistan Peoples Party's leftist program remains far more successful and integrated in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani society">civil society</a> than <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Praeger,_Busky_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Praeger,_Busky-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, the Peoples Party has been a leading proponent of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a> with the mainstream agenda of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, favouring semi-secular and semi-<a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialist</a> principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favoured financially stable farmers, industrial labour unions and the middle-class. The Peoples Party rejected <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultra-leftism" title="Ultra-leftism">ultra-leftism</a>, supporting unregulated business and finance, and <i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, after which it was no longer widely viewed as a socialist or <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social-democratic</a> party, as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and unfettered capitalism and <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of publicly owned institutions, favouring partial income taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its democratic-socialist ideas, the Peoples Party never actually allied with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party of Pakistan</a> remaining one of its major rivals. The Peoples Party has been criticised by various socialists such as Fahad Rizwan who accused the Peoples Party of <a href="/wiki/Opportunism" title="Opportunism">opportunism</a>. Recently, the Peoples Party has adopted privatisation and small-scale nationalisation policies, with centrist economic and socially progressive agendas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Basic, enshrined principles of PPP include "Islam [as] our Faith. Democracy is our Politics. Socialism is our Economy. All Power to the People". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issues_involving_foreign_policy">Issues involving foreign policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Issues involving foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Relations</a> with the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Pakistan–Russia relations">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Iran–Pakistan relations">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Pakistan–Turkey relations">Turkey</a>, are the central and the strongest proponents of the People's Party's foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>, Pakistan built closer ties with Soviet Union, China, and Iran, but under <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, the foreign policy was revised after taking shifts to centre-right policies. Earlier in the 1970s, the People's Party faced a "secret" cold war with the United States, but then suffered a US-backed coup in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Pakistan" title="Anti-American sentiment in Pakistan">Anti-Americanism</a> among most PPP workers and its student wing grew twofold after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's execution at the hands of the pro-American <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Ziaul Haq</a> dictatorship, the party's new chairperson, Benazir Bhutto, advised her party to concentrate on the removal of Zia alone.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also adopted <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif's</a> conservative privatisation policies in order to secure funding from the United States and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, but received a harsh opposition from within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_2012/01/17-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1980s, the party's credibility was damaged by the United States who "<i>keenly sabotaged</i>" any of its efforts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and organizational establishment in the dense areas of country.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamid_Hussain,_Defence_Journal_of_Pakistan_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamid_Hussain,_Defence_Journal_of_Pakistan-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although PPP leader Bilawal Bhutto Zardari said he did not want to choose one side in the 21st century China-US strategic competition,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hina_Rabbani_Khar" title="Hina Rabbani Khar">Hina Rabbani Khar</a> argues that the instinct to preserve Pakistan's partnership with the United States would ultimately sacrifice the full benefits of the country's “real strategic” partnership with China.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Pakistan" title="Science and technology in Pakistan">Science and technology in Pakistan</a></div> <p>The Pakistan Peoples Party through Zulfikar Ali Bhutto proudly receives all credit for launching the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction">atomic bomb project</a> in 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_Times_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Times-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhutto.org_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhutto.org-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> public ceremonies are held on <i><a href="/wiki/Youm-e-Takbir" title="Youm-e-Takbir">Youm-e-Takbir</a></i> (lit. <i>Day of Greatness</i>) to commemorate the political services of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who established the program. </p><p>In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a> graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, Bhutto graduated with his thesis entitled "Modicum of Harmony". His thesis dealt with the spread of nuclear weapons in general, and the implications of India's nuclear weapons on Pakistan in particular. Murtaza went on to <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>, his father's alma mater, for a three-year course to read for an MLit degree. Bhutto submitted his master thesis, containing a vast argumentative work on Nuclear strategic studies, where he advocated for Pakistan's approach to develop its nuclear deterrence program to counter Indian nuclear program.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its establishment, the People's Party has produced prolific scientists-turned technocrats, including <a href="/wiki/Farhatullah_Babar" title="Farhatullah Babar">Farhatullah Babar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a>, and the senior academic scientists who played a role in building the atomic bomb. The People's Party member's notably provided their public support to <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadeer_Khan" title="Abdul Qadeer Khan">Abdul Qadeer Khan</a> who had been forced to attend the military debriefings by General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhutto.org_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhutto.org-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2012, after years of negligence, the peoples party made its effort to bestowed and award <a href="/wiki/Munir_Ahmad_Khan" title="Munir Ahmad Khan">Munir Ahmad Khan</a> the highest state honor, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Imtiaz" title="Nishan-e-Imtiaz">Nishan-e-Imtiaz</a></i>, as a gesture of political rehabilitation; the honor was publicly presented by President Asif Ali Zardari in a public ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Tribune_Express,_2012_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Tribune_Express,_2012-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995–1996, the People's Party under Benazir Bhutto's era opened <a href="/wiki/Computer_literacy" title="Computer literacy">computer literacy</a> centres to provide the public with access to computers and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawnewswireservice,_28_December_1995_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawnewswireservice,_28_December_1995-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, they made Pakistan the first Muslim country to launch a satellite, <i><a href="/wiki/Badr-1" title="Badr-1">Badr-I</a></i>, they are also responsible for establishing, nurturing, and funding the missile's programs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ghauri_(missile)" title="Ghauri (missile)">Ghauri</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Shaheen-I" title="Shaheen-I">Shaheen</a></i> in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Wire_Service,_16_May_1998_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Wire_Service,_16_May_1998-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the science policy, they established the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Science_Foundation" title="Pakistan Science Foundation">Pakistan Science Foundation</a> in 1973 and helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Academy_of_Letters" title="Pakistan Academy of Letters">Pakistan Academy of Letters</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_Tribune_Express_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Tribune_Express-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, Benazir Bhutto established <a href="/wiki/SZABIST" class="mw-redirect" title="SZABIST">SZABIST</a> at Karachi to become a leading institution of science and technology and appointed world-renowned academic Dr. <a href="/wiki/Javaid_Laghari" title="Javaid Laghari">Javaid Laghari</a> as its first president, who later was also elected Senator from Sindh on a technocrat seat and eventually Chairman HEC leading a revolution of reforms in higher education in South Asia </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges_and_controversies">Challenges and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Challenges and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Mansoor-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Mansoor-ul-Haq">Admiral Mansoor-ul-Haq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corruption_charges_against_Benazir_Bhutto_and_Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari">Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Steel_Mills" title="Pakistan Steel Mills">Pakistan Steel Mills</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_left_and_post-secularism">Lost left and post-secularism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lost left and post-secularism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1990s, the People's Party has been under intense criticism even inside the party both from its own members and the other <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftists</a> in the country, notably due to the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_charges_against_Benazir_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Corruption charges against Benazir Bhutto">charges of large-scale corruptions</a>. The leading leftist, <a href="/wiki/Nadeem_F._Paracha" title="Nadeem F. Paracha">Nadeem Paracha</a>, has asserted that since 1977 the People's Party's manifesto has been transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">centre-right</a> platform, whereas in <a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977 parliamentary elections</a>, the People's Party's manifesto did not mention the word "<a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">socialism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_30_October_2011_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_30_October_2011-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1973–75, the Peoples Party's radical <a href="/wiki/Ultra-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-left">ultra-left</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Communist_Party" title="Pakistan Communist Party">communist wings</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Malik_Meraj_Khalid" title="Malik Meraj Khalid">Mirage Khalid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> wings under Khalid Syed were purged by the People's Party to ensure the political support of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Sindh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindh Province">Sindh</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindhi_Rajput&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindhi Rajput (page does not exist)">feudal lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab Province (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Category:Chaudhry_family" title="Category:Chaudhry family">landed elite</a>, with Paracha claiming the People's Party has "lost the left".<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_30_October_2011_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_30_October_2011-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leading left-wing journalist <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Hasan_(Pakistani_journalist)" title="Mehdi Hasan (Pakistani journalist)">Mehdi Hasan</a> has remarked that the Peoples Party is "not a <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular</a> party",<sup id="cite_ref-viewpoint.net_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viewpoint.net-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> firstly citing its support of declaring <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya community</a> as <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">non-Muslims through the second constitutional amendment</a>, secondly for banning the use of liquor,<sup id="cite_ref-viewpoint.net_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viewpoint.net-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thirdly for the Peoples Party declaring Friday as a holiday to win the support of religious elements.<sup id="cite_ref-viewpoint.net_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viewpoint.net-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir_Cause">Kashmir Cause</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Kashmir Cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> of PPP <a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> led a convention on 19 September 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, where he reportedly quoted: "the [PPP] would take back entire <a href="/wiki/Indian_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Kashmir">Kashmir</a> for his country."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhutto emphasized on his last part of the speech: "I will take back <a href="/wiki/Indian_controlled_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian controlled Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, all of it, and I will not leave behind a single inch of it because like the other provinces, it belongs to Pakistan. He pledged to continue supporting Kashmiri freedom struggle morally and diplomatically...(.)".<sup id="cite_ref-dawn.com_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_opposition_and_factionalism">Internal opposition and factionalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Internal opposition and factionalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Zardarism</a></div> <p>Since the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Faction_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faction (political)">factionalism</a> has grew in the party when <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a> returned to Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disagreeing with <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a>'s political philosophy brewing the party, <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a> split and formed the more powerful yet <a href="/wiki/Radical_left_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical left wing">more leaning towards left wing</a> faction, <a href="/wiki/PPP-SB" class="mw-redirect" title="PPP-SB">Bhuttoist</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowman_&_Littlefield._102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowman_&_Littlefield.-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confrontation with <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> in 1999 over the party guidance, <a href="/wiki/Aftab_Ahmad_Sherpao" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftab Ahmad Sherpao">Aftab Sherpao</a> splits from the party and forming the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Sherpao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpao)">Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpaoist)</a>—a more reformist with <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian agenda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald_media_group_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald_media_group-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Factionalism continued in 2011 when PPP sacked <a href="/wiki/Shah_Mehmood_Qureshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Mehmood Qureshi">Mahmood Qureshi</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis incident">Raymond Davis incident</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shah_Mehmood_Qureshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Mehmood Qureshi">Qureshi</a> later defected to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement_for_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Movement for Justice">PTI</a>. Another leftist leader, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_Khurram_Ali_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malik Khurram Ali Khan (page does not exist)">Malik Ali Khan</a> also resigned from the Peoples Party, saying that he "did not agree with how President Zardari was leading the party particularly with regards to an alliance with centre-right <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Q)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Q)">PML (Q)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Pakistan">foreign policy</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the PPP's powerful leader, <a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Mirza" title="Zulfiqar Mirza">Zulfiqar Mirza</a>, quit from the party despite urgings amidst disagreement with Asif Zardari's leadership and policies with regards to dealings with the liberal <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">MQM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>. Reasoning with their isolation, the socialist politicians felt that the party had now moved away from the original ideas it was founded on by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Labour leader, <a href="/wiki/Safdar_Ali_Abbasi" title="Safdar Ali Abbasi">Safdar Ali Abbasi</a>, formed the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Workers</a> faction amid disagreement with party's fiscal policy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defection_in_PPP:_The_Launch_of_Pakistan_People's_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots"><span id="Defection_in_PPP:_The_Launch_of_Pakistan_People.27s_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots"></span>Defection in PPP: The Launch of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian-Patriots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Defection in PPP: The Launch of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian-Patriots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian-Patriots (PPPPP) was launched in Lahore in the year 2002 as a 'forward bloc' that broke away from the PPP to back the Pakistan Muslim League Quaid-e-Azam (PML-Q) transforming itself into Pakistan's newest party at that time. The leader of the rebel group was <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Saleh_Hayat" title="Faisal Saleh Hayat">Makhdoom Faisal Saleh Hayat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, Former federal minister Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat joined the Pakistan Peoples Party on Monday, more than 14 years after being elected on the PPP ticket in 2002, bringing an end to the PPPPP.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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<li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Sherpao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpao)">Pakistan Peoples Party (Marxism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Parliamentarians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Parliamentarians)">Pakistan Peoples Party (Parliamentarians)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Pakistan Peoples Party (Workers)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political realism">Political realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">Socialism in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties" title="List of Islamic political parties">List of Islamic political parties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/779343-Bilawal-announces-PPP%E2%80%99s-central-office-bearers">"Bilawal announces PPP's central office-bearers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dunya_News" title="Dunya News">Dunya News</a></i>. 21 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dunya+News&rft.atitle=Bilawal+announces+PPP%27s+central+office-bearers&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdunyanews.tv%2Fen%2FPakistan%2F779343-Bilawal-announces-PPP%25E2%2580%2599s-central-office-bearers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2490566/pml-n-ppp-meet-on-power-sharing">"PML-N, PPP meet on power-sharing"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune (newspaper)</i>. 24 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune+%28newspaper%29&rft.atitle=PML-N%2C+PPP+meet+on+power-sharing&rft.date=2024-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2490566%2Fpml-n-ppp-meet-on-power-sharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2022" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Shafqat (30 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nation.com.pk/30-Nov-2022/ppp-has-been-struggling-for-supremacy-of-constitution-says-bilawal-bhutto">"PPP has been struggling for supremacy of constitution, says Bilawal Bhutto"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. <q>He said that this country, its constitution and democracy are the most dear to the leadership and workers of PPP adding that his Party is firmly committed to the philosophy and manifesto of its founder that Islam is our religion, socialism is our economy, democracy is our politics and the source of power is the people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=PPP+has+been+struggling+for+supremacy+of+constitution%2C+says+Bilawal+Bhutto&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Shafqat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.com.pk%2F30-Nov-2022%2Fppp-has-been-struggling-for-supremacy-of-constitution-says-bilawal-bhutto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pppdigital.org/about-ppp/">"About PPP"</a>. <i>PPP Digital</i>. <q>Islam is our Faith. Democracy is our Politics. Socialism is our Economy. All Power to the People. Martyrdom Is Our Path.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PPP+Digital&rft.atitle=About+PPP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpppdigital.org%2Fabout-ppp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqa2021" class="citation web cs1">Siddiqa, Ayesha (7 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/pakistan-cant-be-saudi-arabia-or-iran-so-its-inching-towards-talibanisation/777380/">"Pakistan can't be Saudi Arabia or Iran. So it's inching towards Talibanisation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Print" class="mw-redirect" title="The Print">The Print</a></i>. <q>However, there are the non-religious parties that may not compete in violence but are equally willing to use the popular religious narrative to compete politically. The issues of constituency politics has made the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League–Nawaz (PML–N), or the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) all look alike as far as the religious card is concerned.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Print&rft.atitle=Pakistan+can%27t+be+Saudi+Arabia+or+Iran.+So+it%27s+inching+towards+Talibanisation&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft.aulast=Siddiqa&rft.aufirst=Ayesha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fpakistan-cant-be-saudi-arabia-or-iran-so-its-inching-towards-talibanisation%2F777380%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2005" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Samina (2005). "Reviving State Legitimacy in Pakistan". <i>Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance</i>. United Nations University Press. p. 163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reviving+State+Legitimacy+in+Pakistan&rft.btitle=Making+States+Work%3A+State+Failure+and+the+Crisis+of+Governance&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=United+Nations+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Samina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribune.com.pk-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1619490/pakistan-needs-progressive-alternative-populist-hate-driven-politics-pml-n-pti-bilawal-bhutto?amp=1">"Pakistan needs progressive alternative to populist, hate-driven politics of PML-N, PTI: Bilawal Bhutto | The Express Tribune"</a>. 27 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+needs+progressive+alternative+to+populist%2C+hate-driven+politics+of+PML-N%2C+PTI%3A+Bilawal+Bhutto+%7C+The+Express+Tribune&rft.date=2018-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1619490%2Fpakistan-needs-progressive-alternative-populist-hate-driven-politics-pml-n-pti-bilawal-bhutto%3Famp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarwell2011" class="citation cs2">Farwell, James P. (2011), <i>The Pakistan Cauldron: Conspiracy, Assassination & Instability</i>, Potomac Books, p. 54</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pakistan+Cauldron%3A+Conspiracy%2C+Assassination+%26+Instability&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Farwell&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Links_International_Journal_of_Socialist_Renewal_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulehria" class="citation web cs1">Sulehria, Farooq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.org.au/node/170">"The left in Pakistan: A brief history"</a>. Links – International Journal of Socialist Renewal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+left+in+Pakistan%3A+A+brief+history&rft.pub=Links+%E2%80%93+International+Journal+of+Socialist+Renewal&rft.aulast=Sulehria&rft.aufirst=Farooq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinks.org.au%2Fnode%2F170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.com.pk/22-Nov-2009/the-bhutto-populism">"The Bhutto populism"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. Pakistan. 22 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=The+Bhutto+populism&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.com.pk%2F22-Nov-2009%2Fthe-bhutto-populism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIkWJ3psB2gC&dq=centre-left+Pakistan+Peoples+Party&pg=PA119"><i>Political Systems of the World</i></a>. Allied Publishers. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8170233070" title="Special:BookSources/8170233070"><bdi>8170233070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Systems+of+the+World&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.isbn=8170233070&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIkWJ3psB2gC%26dq%3Dcentre-left%2BPakistan%2BPeoples%2BParty%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVineeta_Yadav2021" class="citation book cs1">Vineeta Yadav, ed. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-AeEAAAQBAJ&dq=Conservative+PML-N+with+the+center-+left+Pakistan+People%27s+Party+%28PPP%29+and+the+center-+right+PML-+N+party+to+enter+government.&pg=PA218"><i>Religious Parties and the Politics of Civil Liberties</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-754538-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-754538-6"><bdi>978-0-19-754538-6</bdi></a>. <q>... Instead, it has formed postelection coalitions with the center-left Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and the center-right PML-N party to enter government. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Parties+and+the+Politics+of+Civil+Liberties&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-754538-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ-AeEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DConservative%2BPML-N%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bcenter-%2Bleft%2BPakistan%2BPeople%2527s%2BParty%2B%2528PPP%2529%2Band%2Bthe%2Bcenter-%2Bright%2BPML-%2BN%2Bparty%2Bto%2Benter%2Bgovernment.%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2267872/is-pakistan-democratic-movement-fizzling-out">"Is Pakistan Democratic Movement fizzling out?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribune Pakistan">Tribune Pakistan</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Zulfikar+Ali+Bhutto+%26+Sino-Pakistan+diplomacy+%7C+The+Express+Tribune&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1121945%2Fzulfikar-ali-bhutto-sino-pakistan-diplomacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhutto2010" class="citation book cs1">Bhutto, Fatima (28 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mjo3xkGSV6cC&q=dr+mubashir+hasan+finance+minister&pg=PA120"><i>Songs of Blood and Sword: A Daughter's Memoir</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+without+democrats+%28Benazir+Bhutto+Becomes+Prime+Minister+%5B1988%5D%29&rft.pub=Story+of+Pakistan%2C+1980s&rft.au=Story+of+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storyofpakistan.com%2Farticletext.asp%3Fartid%3DA080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/757862">"1990 election was rigged, rules SC"</a>. 19 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+election+was+rigged%2C+rules+SC&rft.date=2012-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F757862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Father's_work_on_Independent_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFathers1993" class="citation news cs1">Fathers, Michael (14 December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-battle-of-all-mothers-benazir-bhutto-is-at-war-so-is-her-mother-at-each-others-throats-youre-fired-was-the-prime-ministers-cry-matricide-was-the-reply-michael-fathers-reports-1467362.html">"The battle of all mothers: Benazir Bhutto is at war, so is her mother; at each other's throats. 'You're fired' was the prime minister's cry"</a>. Michael Father's work on Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830105329/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-battle-of-all-mothers-benazir-bhutto-is-at-war-so-is-her-mother-at-each-others-throats-youre-fired-was-the-prime-ministers-cry-matricide-was-the-reply-michael-fathers-reports-1467362.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+battle+of+all+mothers%3A+Benazir+Bhutto+is+at+war%2C+so+is+her+mother%3B+at+each+other%27s+throats.+%27You%27re+fired%27+was+the+prime+minister%27s+cry.&rft.date=1993-12-14&rft.aulast=Fathers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fthe-battle-of-all-mothers-benazir-bhutto-is-at-war-so-is-her-mother-at-each-others-throats-youre-fired-was-the-prime-ministers-cry-matricide-was-the-reply-michael-fathers-reports-1467362.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Har-Anand_Publications-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Har-Anand_Publications_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadur1998" class="citation book cs1">Bahadur, Kalim (1998). <i>Democracy in Pakistan : crises and conflicts</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murtaza+Bhutto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbhutto.org%2FAcrobat%2FMurtaza_Bhutto.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Tribune_Express,_2012-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Tribune_Express,_2012_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/421848/recognising-excellence-manto-among-192-recipients-of-top-civil-awards/">"Recognising excellence"</a>. <i>The Tribune Express, 2012</i>. 14 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Viewpoint Online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viewpointonline.net/ppp-is-not-a-secular-party-mehdi-hasan.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PPP+is+not+a+secular+party%3A+Mehdi+Hasan&rft.pub=Viewpoint+Online&rft.au=Mazhar+Khan+Jadoon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viewpointonline.net%2Fppp-is-not-a-secular-party-mehdi-hasan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/I-will-take-back-entire-Kashmir-from-India-Bilawal-Bhutto-Zardari/articleshow/42987127.cms">"I will take back entire Kashmir from India: Bilawal Bhutto Zardari"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 20 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=I+will+take+back+entire+Kashmir+from+India%3A+Bilawal+Bhutto+Zardari&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FI-will-take-back-entire-Kashmir-from-India-Bilawal-Bhutto-Zardari%2Farticleshow%2F42987127.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawn.com-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dawn.com_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1136635">"Indian hackers deface PPP website"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 8 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Indian+hackers+deface+PPP+website&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1136635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowman_&_Littlefield.-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rowman_&_Littlefield._102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurki2012" class="citation book cs1">Burki, Shahid Javed (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rk-sBwAAQBAJ&q=Pakistan+Peoples+Party+%28Shaheed+Bhutto%29,&pg=PA442"><i>Historical Dictionary of Pakistan</i></a>. UK and US: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442241480" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442241480"><bdi>978-1442241480</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Pakistan&rft.place=UK+and+US&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1442241480&rft.aulast=Burki&rft.aufirst=Shahid+Javed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drk-sBwAAQBAJ%26q%3DPakistan%2BPeoples%2BParty%2B%2528Shaheed%2BBhutto%2529%2C%26pg%3DPA442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herald_media_group-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herald_media_group_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/ppp-sherpao-353">"PPP-Sherpao"</a>. <i>Herald</i>. Pakistan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Herald&rft.atitle=PPP-Sherpao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistanherald.com%2Fprofile%2Fppp-sherpao-353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025153841/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C03%5C08%5Cstory_8-3-2011_pg12_3">"PPP MPA joins PTI"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. 10 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\12\10\story_10-12-2011_pg7_7">the original</a> on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=PPP+MPA+joins+PTI&rft.date=2011-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2011%5C12%5C10%5Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006193923/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C12%5C10%5Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7">"Leading News Resource of Pakistan"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. 10 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C12%5C10%5Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7">the original</a> on 6 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Leading+News+Resource+of+Pakistan&rft.date=2011-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2011%255C12%255C10%255Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/uae/ppp-defectors-announce-formation-of-new-group-1.404349">"PPP defectors announce formation of new group"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>. 26 November 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&rft.atitle=PPP+defectors+announce+formation+of+new+group&rft.date=2002-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fuae%2Fppp-defectors-announce-formation-of-new-group-1.404349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReporter2017" class="citation web cs1">Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (10 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1307529">"Faisal Saleh Hayat joins PPP"</a>. <i>DAWN.COM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=Faisal+Saleh+Hayat+joins+PPP&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Reporter&rft.aufirst=The+Newspaper%27s+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1307529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2004" class="citation book cs1">Shah, Sayed Wiqar Ali (2004). "Pakistan Peoples Party: Socialism and Dynastic Rule". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dObxI9xahSYC&pg=PA159"><i>Political Parties in South Asia</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Praeger Publishers. pp. 156–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96832-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96832-4"><bdi>0-275-96832-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Peoples+Party%3A+Socialism+and+Dynastic+Rule&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+South+Asia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=156-200&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-275-96832-4&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Sayed+Wiqar+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdObxI9xahSYC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhutto1969" class="citation book cs1">Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythofindependen0000bhut"><i>The Myth of Independence</i></a>. London: Oxford U.P. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192151674" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192151674"><bdi>978-0192151674</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Independence&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0192151674&rft.aulast=Bhutto&rft.aufirst=Zulfikar+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythofindependen0000bhut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieven2011" class="citation book cs1">Lieven, Anatol (2011). <i>Pakistan: A hard country</i> (1st ed.). New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610390231" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610390231"><bdi>978-1610390231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+A+hard+country&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1610390231&rft.aulast=Lieven&rft.aufirst=Anatol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain2010" class="citation book cs1">Hussain, Zahid (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0UnbTUjYzsMC&pg=PA49"><i>Scorpion's Tail</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439157862" title="Special:BookSources/978-1439157862"><bdi>978-1439157862</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scorpion%27s+Tail&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1439157862&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Zahid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UnbTUjYzsMC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Philip E. (2003). <i>The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power</i>. Karachi: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195799668" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195799668"><bdi>978-0195799668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pakistan+People%27s+Party%3A+Rise+to+Power&rft.place=Karachi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0195799668&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Philip+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2012" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Tariq (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SELWCgBjYSwC&q=pakistan+peoples+party&pg=RA1-PA1955"><i>The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power</i></a>. New York [US]: Simon and Schuster. p. 1960. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1471105883" title="Special:BookSources/978-1471105883"><bdi>978-1471105883</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Duel%3A+Pakistan+on+the+Flight+Path+of+American+Power&rft.place=New+York+%5BUS%5D&rft.pages=1960&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1471105883&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSELWCgBjYSwC%26q%3Dpakistan%2Bpeoples%2Bparty%26pg%3DRA1-PA1955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APakistan+People%27s+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="extiw" title="commons:Pakistan Peoples Party"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pakistan Peoples Party</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppp.org.pk">Pakistan Peoples Party Pakistan based Web site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pppusa.org">Pakistan Peoples Party USA official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20130427-pakistan-people-s-party-ppp-fighting-stay-power">The Pakistan People's Party, Radio France Internationale (in English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026074221/http://www.bhutto.org/">A detailed Web site on the life of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/pages/001/page_10.asp">2008 Election dossier, Radio France Internationale (in English)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_People&#039;s_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#000000; 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text-decoration: inherit;">Pakistan People's Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36"><div>Founded in 1967</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Founder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto">Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto</a>, (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayyar_Hussain_Bukhari" title="Nayyar Hussain Bukhari">Nayyar Bukhari</a>, (Secretary General)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto">Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto</a>, (Historical leader)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, (Historical leader)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Executive Committee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maula_Bakhsh_Chandio" title="Maula Bakhsh Chandio">Maula Bakhsh Chandio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Pervaiz_Ashraf" title="Raja Pervaiz Ashraf">Pervaiz Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Ahmed_Mehmood" title="Makhdoom Ahmed Mehmood">Makhdoom Ahmed Mehmood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisar_Ahmad_Khuhro" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisar Ahmad Khuhro">Nisar Ahmad Khuhro</a></li> <li>Muhammad Humayoon Khan</li> <li>Mir Changez Khan Jamali</li> <li>Ch. Latif Akbar</li> <li>Ch. Latif Akbar</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Prominent leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Rehman" title="Sherry Rehman">Sherry Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamar_Zaman_Kaira" title="Qamar Zaman Kaira">Qamar Zaman Kaira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Peoples Students Federation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Political position</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">National affiliation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Democratic_Movement" title="Pakistan Democratic Movement">Pakistan Democratic Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Challenges_and_controversies">Controversies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36;width:1%;background:#027e36;color:#FFF">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Roti, Kapra aur Makan"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#000000; color:white; #027e36"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pakistan Peoples Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Pakistan Peoples Party on Wiki Commons</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bhuttoism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhuttoism" title="Template:Bhuttoism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bhuttoism" title="Template talk:Bhuttoism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bhuttoism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bhuttoism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bhuttoism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhuttoism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history_(1947%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Pakistani history (1947–present)">timeline: 1947–present)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology and initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan">Socialism in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_khappay" title="Pakistan khappay">Pakistan khappay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flag of Pakistan."><img alt="The Flag of Pakistan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg/95px-Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg/143px-Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg/190px-Flag_of_Pakistan_People%27s_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rose_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/85px-Red_rose_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/128px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/170px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan People's Party</a></li> <li>Factions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians">Parliamentarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Shaheed_Bhutto)" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)">Bhuttoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Sherpao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpao)">Sherpoaist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party_Parliamentarian-Patriots" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarian-Patriots">Patriotic</a></li></ul></li> <li>Military wings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zulfiqar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zulfiqar">Al-Zulfiqar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Aman_Committee" title="Peoples' Aman Committee">Peace Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Student wings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Students_Federation" title="National Students Federation">National Students Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Students_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples Students Federation">Peoples Students Federation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmad Faiz">Faiz Ahmad Faiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">J A Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutto_family" title="Bhutto family">Bhutto family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Nawaz_Bhutto" title="Shah Nawaz Bhutto">S. N. Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnawaz_Bhutto" title="Shahnawaz Bhutto">Shahnawaz Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Bhutto" title="Fatima Bhutto">Fatima Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Zardari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahmida_Mirza" title="Fahmida Mirza">Fahmida Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Farooqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharmila Farooqi">Sharmila Farooqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Rabbani" title="Raza Rabbani">Raza Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Haider" title="Taj Haider">Taj Haider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausar_Niazi" title="Kausar Niazi">Kausar Niazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayat_Sherpao" title="Hayat Sherpao">Hayat Sherpao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseerullah_Babar" title="Naseerullah Babar">Naseerullah Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Meraj_Khalid" title="Malik Meraj Khalid">Malik Mirage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meraj_Muhammad_Khan" title="Meraj Muhammad Khan">Mirage Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousaf Raza Gillani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Benazir_Bhutto_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Benazir Bhutto Government">Benazir I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Benazir_Bhutto_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Benazir Bhutto Government (page does not exist)">Benazir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillani_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillani ministry">Gillani ministry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jochona_O_Jononir_Golpo" title="Jochona O Jononir Golpo">Jochona O Jononir Golpo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Blood_and_Sword" title="Songs of Blood and Sword">Songs of Blood and Sword</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Template:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Template talk:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties in Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML–N</a> (114)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a> (93)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PPP</a> (73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">MQM–P</a> (22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_(F)" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)">JUI–F</a> (9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Q)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Q)">PML–Q</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istehkam-e-Pakistan_Party" title="Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party">IPP</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_National_Party_(Mengal)" title="Balochistan National Party (Mengal)">BNP–M</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Awami_Party" title="Balochistan Awami Party">BAP</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Z)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Z)">PML–Z</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">NP–P</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party">PKMAP</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_National_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa National Awami Party">PKNAP</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majlis_Wahdat-e-Muslimeen" title="Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen">MWM</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (8)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML–N</a> (33)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PPP</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Awami_Party" title="Balochistan Awami Party">BAP</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">MQM–P</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">NP–P</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam_(F)" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)">JUI–F</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party">PKMAP</a> (3)</li> <li>IND (FATA) (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaat-e-Islami (Pakistan)">JIP</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_National_Party_(Mengal)" title="Balochistan National Party (Mengal)">BNP–M</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(F)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (F)">PML–F</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awami_National_Party" title="Awami National Party">ANP</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrepresented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">Sunni Ittehad Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Tehreek" title="Sunni Tehreek">Sunni Tehreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Rah-e-Haq_Party" title="Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party">Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Green_Party" title="Pakistan Green Party">Pakistan Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Shaheed_Bhutto)" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)">Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Pakistan Peoples Party Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Christian_Congress" title="Pakistan Christian Congress">Pakistan Christian Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohajir_Qaumi_Movement_Pakistan" title="Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan">Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamhoori_Wattan_Party" title="Jamhoori Wattan Party">Jamhoori Wattan Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Kashmir_Peoples_Party" title="Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party">Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeay_Sindh_Qaumi_Mahaz" title="Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz">Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeay_Sindh_Muttahida_Mahaz" title="Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz">Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_Taraqi_Pasand_Party" title="Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party">Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_United_Party" title="Sindh United Party">Sindh United Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Jafaria_(Pakistan)" title="Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)">Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Tehreek_Pakistan" title="Islami Tehreek Pakistan">Islami Tehreek Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ahle_Hadith" title="Jamiat Ahle Hadith">Jamiat Ahle Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awami_Tahreek" title="Awami Tahreek"> Awami Tahreek (Sindh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Awami_Tehreek" title="Pakistan Awami Tehreek">Pakistan Awami Tehreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur_National_Awami_Party" title="Bahawalpur National Awami Party">Bahawalpur National Awami Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamote_Qaumi_Movement" title="Jamote Qaumi Movement">Jamote Qaumi Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaumi_Watan_Party" title="Qaumi Watan Party">Qaumi Watan Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdoor_Kisan_Party" title="Mazdoor Kisan Party">Mazdoor Kisan Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Movement_(Pakistan)" title="National Democratic Movement (Pakistan)">National Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Parliamentarians">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Parliamentarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haq_Do_Tehreek_Balochistan" title="Haq Do Tehreek Balochistan">Haq Do Tehreek Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqooq-e-Khalq_Party" title="Haqooq-e-Khalq Party">Haqooq-e-Khalq Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awami_Workers_Party" title="Awami Workers Party">Awami Workers Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism_in_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Template:Socialism in Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Socialism in Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism in Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism_in_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Pakistan" title="Socialism in Pakistan"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">Socialism in Pakistan</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">History of Pakistan</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history#Post-Independence" title="Timeline of Pakistani history"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">timeline: 1947–present)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff;width:1%">Ideology and<br />initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address"><i>Idea</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Steel_Mills" title="Pakistan Steel Mills">Pakistan Steel Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Pakistan" title="Five-Year Plans of Pakistan">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_khappay" title="Pakistan khappay"><i>Pakistan Khappay</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhuttoism</a></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism#Islamic_Marxism" title="Islamic socialism">Communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Income_Support_Programme" title="Benazir Income Support Programme">BISP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_spectrum_deterrence" title="Full spectrum deterrence">Defence through deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_according_to_higher_law" title="Rule according to higher law">Rule according to higher law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralized_government" title="Centralized government">Centralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfarism" title="Welfarism">Welfarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billion_Tree_Tsunami" title="Billion Tree Tsunami">Billion Tree Tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_Kapada_Aur_Makaan" title="Roti Kapada Aur Makaan"><i>Roti Kapra Makaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculturalism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flag of Pakistan."><img alt="The Flag of Pakistan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/95px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/143px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/190px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rose_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/85px-Red_rose_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/128px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/170px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff;width:1%">Organizations<br />and parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Workers%27_Federation" title="Pakistan Workers' Federation">Pakistan Workers' Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Pakistan" title="List of trade unions in Pakistan">Trade unions in Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Socialist_Party" title="Pakistan Socialist Party">Pakistan Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan People's Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zulfikar" title="Al-Zulfikar">Stalinist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Parliamentarians" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians">Faheemist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_(Shaheed_Bhutto)" title="Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)">Bhuttoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaumi_Watan_Party" title="Qaumi Watan Party">Sherpaoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party_Workers" title="Pakistan Peoples Party Workers">Leninist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Pakistan Social Democratic Party">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">Muttahida Qaumi Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohajir_Qaumi_Movement_Pakistan" title="Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan">Realist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awami_National_Party" title="Awami National Party">Awami National Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Awami_Party_(Wali)" title="National Awami Party (Wali)">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awami_Workers_Party" title="Awami Workers Party">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Tahafuz_Movement" title="Pashtun Tahafuz Movement">Nationalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan_National_Front" title="Balawaristan National Front">Southern National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Pakistan)" title="National Party (Pakistan)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Pakistan" title="Communist Party of Pakistan">Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdoor_Kisan_Party" title="Mazdoor Kisan Party">Worker's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishak_Sramik_Party" title="Krishak Sramik Party">Revolutionist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmad Faiz">Faiz Ahmad Faiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridev_Roy" title="Tridev Roy">Tridev Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Jalib" title="Habib Jalib">Habib Jalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wali_Khan" title="Abdul Wali Khan">Wali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meraj_Muhammad_Khan" title="Meraj Muhammad Khan">Mirage Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Meraj_Khalid" title="Malik Meraj Khalid">Malik Mirage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitzaz_Ahsan" title="Aitzaz Ahsan">Aitzaz Ahsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Samad_Khan_Achakzai" title="Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai">Samad Achakzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_Achakzai" title="Muhammad Khan Achakzai">Mohammad Achakzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Ahmad_Kurd" title="Ali Ahmad Kurd">Ali Kurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Rabbani" title="Raza Rabbani">Raza Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">JA Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_Saqi" title="Jam Saqi">Jam Saqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Ali_Khan_(journalist)" title="Mazhar Ali Khan (journalist)">Mazhar Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hina_Rabbani_Khar" title="Hina Rabbani Khar">Hina Khar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseem_Badami" title="Waseem Badami">Wasim Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Raza_Abidi" title="Faisal Raza Abidi">Faisal Abidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamar_Zaman_Kaira" title="Qamar Zaman Kaira">Qamar Kaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naveed_Qamar" title="Naveed Qamar">Naveed Qamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Bhutto" title="Murtaza Bhutto">Murtaza Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altaf_Hussain_(Pakistani_politician)" title="Altaf Hussain (Pakistani politician)">Altaf Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babar_Khan_Ghauri" title="Babar Khan Ghauri">Babar Ghouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Haider" title="Taj Haider">Taj Haider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Faruqui" title="Sharmila Faruqui">Sharmila Faruqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Bhutto" title="Nusrat Bhutto">Nusrat Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhatullah_Babar" title="Farhatullah Babar">Farhatullah Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubashir_Hassan" title="Mubashir Hassan">Mubashir Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushra_Gohar" title="Bushra Gohar">Bushra Gohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahmida_Mirza" title="Fahmida Mirza">Fahmida Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Ahmad_(journalist)" title="Iftikhar Ahmad (journalist)">Iftikhar Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseerullah_Babar" title="Naseerullah Babar">Naseerullah Babar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Wyne" title="Ehsan Wyne">Ehsan Wyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrasiab_Khattak" title="Afrasiab Khattak">Afrasiab Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmal_Khattak" title="Ajmal Khattak">Ajmal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asfandyar_Wali_Khan" title="Asfandyar Wali Khan">Asfandyar Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehla_Raza" title="Shehla Raza">Shehla Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Raza_Gilani" title="Yusuf Raza Gilani">Yusuf Raza Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farooq_Sattar" title="Farooq Sattar">Farooq Sattar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Pervaiz_Ashraf" title="Raja Pervaiz Ashraf">Pervaiz Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Wazir" title="Ali Wazir">Ali Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff;width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Benazir_Bhutto_government" title="First Benazir Bhutto government">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Benazir_Bhutto_government" title="Second Benazir Bhutto government">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillani_government" title="Gillani government">Gilani administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e00000; color:#ffffff;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#e00000; color:#ffffff">Print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Weekly" title="Socialist Weekly">Socialist Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">Express Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Awam" title="Daily Awam">Daily Awam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Today" title="Pakistan Today">Pakistan Today</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirror_(Pakistani_magazine)" title="Mirror (Pakistani magazine)">Mirror</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#e00000; color:#ffffff">Electronic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARY_News" title="ARY News">ARY News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_News_(TV_channel)" title="Express News (TV channel)">Express News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#e00000; color:#ffffff">Pop culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Salam" title="Lal Salam">Lal Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_(band)" title="Laal (band)">Laal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquilab_Zindabad" title="Inquilab Zindabad">Inquilab Zindabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186591#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106700866">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146203249">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50062710">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007414307605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029864437">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&oldid=1260385686">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_People%27s_Party&oldid=1260385686</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Category:Pakistan People's Party">Pakistan People's Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1967_establishments_in_Pakistan" title="Category:1967 establishments in Pakistan">1967 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