CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9284bab08b8fce5a',cH: '3L3ZZoQvJUmUikjmRptoAW5r94mAmDDPQDO7geAtrNU-1743307532-1.2.1.1-fSQCD_7Ow4FvzemSdT7f3BE2SwMEnXWM4eYW3IUyR3sCO69rzhFi_pM34keBijFv',cUPMDTk: "\/5550\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=.Wk2aw9fnUTsHCrTlQ6NcSYw.AqHedR4N2H0rKtybTk-1743307532-1.0.1.1-Vep3xdqIMf3eobBFd1a8Ne274bbFSC_IDNDHh23UCSg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743307532',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/5550\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=.Wk2aw9fnUTsHCrTlQ6NcSYw.AqHedR4N2H0rKtybTk-1743307532-1.0.1.1-Vep3xdqIMf3eobBFd1a8Ne274bbFSC_IDNDHh23UCSg",md: "WYsYub46ok7yzAVbWtNejjBDGaLc0JCvoeGlesFnff0-1743307532-1.2.1.1-TYPf1FtMMqt_BL9m7oVlRHCbB6WfzPNHMAnzqg4h00q1F8iq4.4frMx7gzObaFwTrmdkN_OwywRpAcDPMkRkq7dCFZ_O8J7eF0IFis.d14ZpanAOWNJH1w7rwJcG9TJo_LNe_jOETF2YEgondiRSyKJGtM0WU2fN9XNDqPs7eArVFqQTMNGnc73Mw6YHg2bjuuqEEo8eu33SA574pIGggBH5QhUPWOhrblc1BefUudUlV_ctNFNlFvdAk4b8i9M5FCA9doOhVwRDThhiOJI_rRzj1jZJe9DwJ8vb8cGADlTU0kSaALzm5vMwbwYKRMg6eMCwScHlvSyqiiNxp.d6tQBLG3pr8daIQdrn4wr67_AcKahNqWVqVWb7ytKfyQRrplV40g_BU42vjQBZ42sD2tQ5VVMf78W9WKm37z0o.7SISMMI0UMlZGbHlc0Gr39mex5WVNZeENFIgmpt7VNBk.H8Ib23UQA8nEdAVAloy2Splx73XLxlT9U.TVT8D_oDoE8Rb10.a8ymCaE5s8lRo1ciYPORbmW2Il_u9vdIvlxc_GlpeuEW_x4bVoWcUpBESpzI70kmRgPWRnmrh3NXLQEqb.H8fwEQlb_jLK5rvH.F3tBmRsq_ybKzdAjqqERwUH35g7lMLfPk7UV2HssvBREEh6SfFed8Bu4uf8ocsKakMME_.y8PLvdZaT2gwkEmLIo2AY4MnC_DEGOqGaIyyo.E06QFl4sWyYOHgWWF5K_KYKsPtZ0EurOIEa39Ymbe6lb_RRAk5T3e89mULZ96.KOJcrUKMIK8WJzBUtiME.4IeU_zNiueTcOPvCl4fAiIkrfFdcAjxkfIaaQbc3Pb.aKwVDd3sk8Dm3UT9x5DvMCf4ZRUrwOsRLowe500VtG7ua69F5.NyhjsB4cvyHw.KXB6JY_9hvIUXW5pajNZAcIVlNtTDXlPk1qiqqLUXbxrB_O6Un2ONWJdHNFpmwqP_Nvn6h5m35KBBl4zG.xGp_RH_8YMf5LrqaCL8iSOWBfI5hwPmhSDDlbc51qvAh_2hUAORS.mZN2UdfezJsggLcdAJISHipnpJQpufUo7I9EBspzZBtxIncf3N8kbT.x6AHRzELTRyCHSElbKbOkkjddyRjVzazq4FPzjJqEZCSYC6adyOvcjLDEBQISzI7Vz_IFJgQBr79sUqbZTTF6xXc.HuTbYuI28Y7n7dfKFTUZqG0YAt7Tazr4ZCznq6WIc2Q",mdrd: "wRi4USP_gMO9I4_fsQkLWEHcZvCOJUcC8oq.GXL97j4-1743307532-1.2.1.1-pQQ9_IUIvn.wDOjbom8enMZk1uzx450f8YgawdWsUikYCoys6YZ6hOgxIfscNMc61ErfokBnvFwwmrf4r97ekLn1GiJbthE8EwOGskfNroC7tJo7JYfo4o6y45xMbswASxz1i1_ZHGchMw_ifQ5j5DsC9R87alG4udVoA1b.YyMs8139xeqqn4V1B_MijagHfihvVHgd6EzfP1rLEXbkwXuqQrqlCweOqSpsuW7dRdaiXfIUWTzxLN4VevV4ZahiiAG_l8OcJg.8C0NCuQxesIzeYhxTgeiuUGUvH1wB51BIl3lu3q1p40s5LtlP0CSatkL7IWHa9P6eDGRSjY2dfLXL_B7tVTc4PhGRA_ka38r4qtSDD.r8Abr8tFg7SYjfYb1HcH4gQPcq0OgQNG1VeQ6BWiyr9mNc.Ja9ppZJaLZMx5Nn6JVBHFsmw7n3kcSnpHdaJ4El_BBpQsdgqpsJVtR5pHJsqSAp9W50TjEvbmsreRRCbnkNdc38cvPpjMONeX_QOlKPkyO7WfPcavSoCXlHyv.orG_GaNKRSZZ8y4nlKS.sKvCzv9uwMcmCI9LsqoYsMVK3ALqqQekxGiLI_yuFJv44zztGRlQfnca6wg6WTP4ekECl_9EnOSDOhskFz2P2SmbYCyYOyEeyKUL7928azMLqrrZ5ZaySsijxsR2q.C08_w6ldtYio.oPOeNYiMLk8m5q1J6T2vXuGScxCv5ObeWUTpEYeyIBCjQIIOe_q9YjrYX8TZPPF5Wyk5YpNx.D_gqf_4y8lEwLYK_2lPfYOBJaWgw9BsRdLrr7dsOHFZTJo.keqWXUXrKaof0K7oNvEmYjhAzEsGiWxpbKIhK.LjPRWbF1UdH6x0lp4LiYhYaX4GPpOO8UdoME_NueUanMIOYc5KjfMWx4Z0Gfb44rYlZxsbfdhrjYvPQgB78s_whXzM3xbJnMdc_YM45PkP4jfPwzKru6ARwsVgLEzOztIq_UR1n4aH3z7lmcSGua0KS_AyCOmqZ6kjDy6yhp_KL0hPTTgAP7DaL.obSIeAK7KeYyxS8uWajlI0ihwLtsojlaGnPX6d24UfPzp3AtT_MwuyjIaM7HYri4fqFcHMvO48b_T__8TXtueXyPWS.QluY9Vwcxe16cJSW2ChwQ3uhkxWsoy5E1wQWid3SOUFgUJexN15t.TGFZVB0oS_S1f3ug7gPKbmz2_rGBO4lrsEkT0skFdI8J9BN_ImzBUtBQSliswwdYGvwt6fEyiOuCWB_1QnZGtC9xM3FHPX2W2YtowUA1bn3nnA3j._F2UIA2IdnYj7Ku3Q819RBtr1WcgoX4M_umBckixFCOxkdzYkHnlMVVyc5ChKG8jkLJdYcsByPshCuG4J718RFeaf5BYDxyETvoy1mNzJrUQvsK8T979AMrIZWQ70tZ9ievKg3QlBtQMsgYIPViY4P6qdPpwNrgOx6yuy_._1NKCCjBPBarohZWWTkt0NjfVmwlN_ubD.tVz9GZcyK_FpcxcKHu8nyg3RIdqEdFtDqXCNXhkpRPX_At1kTIblxjlFBFKOHrL4m4sSXSwULxNioPXqwTYiYVOdZDwRLwCVKpGyvAZkznY1MOJiLe9MpCSY9p60mpI.Xzof6XA_Cb2VjohQLf_HTyL4GJ0gHilK4Ge_FqpbP3liDuA58pCOpvxCEbSuxEt.luFfFALkNeZU6.AQ34BTM.zxxFptkyUpEgeTXXOW.EMKYaYrsktmWQPikpGVdYrTJJVjEWdmDKJFCOzo2QYZmtTQ.CGhNjhaBvEh3hQV8t_ofISFDVLQnAA5Hpx9DBYaPxck9l9bcbY0vstpqn9LX6VYeDiiCjPOluFmQbmV86XD8pDb.xGvMuRbsARYFCMyrnbZDJj12CnGOMrP7yYE_RKbhCe9b3MF04FRMe8aaDS3wVqzFABBPt3KGzXtG8t39s4Hg6AkcGZu8ZuLBgSKnS8hb87fe_TyAB3UuSU_goy2js.MquW0oQwoB9uR2KBMoHzzEBqgaS7D6FyqXokr0oWIUxAMEcOgiaWXgDmmClxFy.9iG3.a4XMgJ.Lp6BuvljMFRT1A8mBRkcf7M"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9284bab08b8fce5a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/5550\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=.Wk2aw9fnUTsHCrTlQ6NcSYw.AqHedR4N2H0rKtybTk-1743307532-1.0.1.1-Vep3xdqIMf3eobBFd1a8Ne274bbFSC_IDNDHh23UCSg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>