Search results for: Odd Ivar Haugen

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Haugen</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Odd Ivar Haugen"> <meta name="keywords" content="Odd Ivar Haugen"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Odd Ivar Haugen"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Odd Ivar Haugen</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Ontology of Assurance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odd%20Ivar%20Haugen">Odd Ivar Haugen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the ontology of assurance in safety-critical systems, emphasising the importance of knowledge and confidence in system behaviour. Assurance is defined as providing grounds for justified confidence in system properties, such as safety and security. The paper discusses the main concepts of assurance, including system requirements, confidence, and justification. It discusses the CESM metamodel for understanding system behaviour and emergent properties. The paper also highlights the importance of objectivity in assessing the strength of knowledge and the role of verification in generating evidence as a part of the argumentation. The assurance case is presented as a systematic way to represent knowledge and support decision-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assurance" title="assurance">assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CESM%20metamodel" title=" CESM metamodel"> CESM metamodel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence" title=" confidence"> confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergent%20properties" title=" emergent properties"> emergent properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objectivity" title=" objectivity"> objectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20behaviour" title=" system behaviour"> system behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20safety" title=" system safety"> system safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194642/the-ontology-of-assurance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Integrating Assurance and Risk Management of Complex Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odd%20Ivar%20Haugen">Odd Ivar Haugen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the relationship between assurance, risk, and risk management in the context of complex safety-related systems. It introduces a nuanced understanding of assurance and argues that the foundation for grounds for justified confidence in claims made about a complex system is related to the system behaviour. It emphasises the importance of knowledge as the cornerstone of assurance. The paper addresses the challenges of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties inherent in safety-critical systems. A systems approach is proposed to model emergent properties and complexity using the composition, environment, structure, mechanisms (CESM) metamodel, offering a structured framework for analysing system behaviour. The interplay between assurance and risk management is conceptualised through two models: the domain model and the control model. Assurance and risk management are mutually dependent on each other to reduce uncertainty and control risk levels. This work highlights the dual roles of assurance in risk management, acting as an epistemic actuator on the one side and providing feedback about the strength of the justification on the other. Assurance and risk management have inseparable roles in ensuring safety in complex systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assurance" title="assurance">assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CESM%20metamodel" title=" CESM metamodel"> CESM metamodel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence" title=" confidence"> confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergent%20properties" title=" emergent properties"> emergent properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objectivity" title=" objectivity"> objectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20behaviour" title=" system behaviour"> system behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20safety" title=" system safety"> system safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195043/integrating-assurance-and-risk-management-of-complex-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Systems Approach to Modelling Emergent Behaviour in Maritime Control Systems Using the Composition, Environment, Structure, and Mechanisms Metamodel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odd%20Ivar%20Haugen">Odd Ivar Haugen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Society increasingly relies on complex systems whose behaviour is determined, not by the properties of each part, but by the interaction between them. The behaviour of such systems is emergent. Modelling emergent system behaviour requires a systems approach that incorporates the necessary concepts that are capable of determining such behaviour. The CESM metamodel is a model of system models. A set of system models needs to address the elements of CESM at different levels of abstraction to be able to model the behaviour of a complex system. Modern ships contain numerous sophisticated equipment, often accompanied by a local safety system to protect its integrity. These control systems are then connected into a larger integrated system in order to achieve the ship’s objective or mission. The integrated system becomes what is commonly known as a system of systems, which can be termed a complex system. Examples of such complex systems are the dynamic positioning system and the power management system. Three ship accidents are provided as examples of how system complexity may contribute to accidents. Then, the three accidents are discussed in terms of how the Multi-Level/Multi-Model Safety Analysis might catch scenarios such as those leading to the accidents described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergent%20properties" title="emergent properties">emergent properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CESM%20metamodel" title=" CESM metamodel"> CESM metamodel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%2Fmulti-model%20safety%20analysis" title=" multi-level/multi-model safety analysis"> multi-level/multi-model safety analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20complexity" title=" system complexity"> system complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20models" title=" system models"> system models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20thinking" title=" systems thinking"> systems thinking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194527/a-systems-approach-to-modelling-emergent-behaviour-in-maritime-control-systems-using-the-composition-environment-structure-and-mechanisms-metamodel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Increased Nitrogen Removal in Cold Deammonification Biofilm Reactor (9-15°C) by Smooth Temperature Decreasing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivar%20Zekker">Ivar Zekker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergo%20Rikmann"> Ergo Rikmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anni%20Mandel"> Anni Mandel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Raudkivi"> Markus Raudkivi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristel%20Kroon"> Kristel Kroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liis%20Loorits"> Liis Loorits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrus%20Seiman"> Andrus Seiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannu%20Fritze"> Hannu Fritze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priit%20Vabam%C3%A4e"> Priit Vabamäe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toomas%20Tenno"> Toomas Tenno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taavo%20Tenno"> Taavo Tenno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitritation-anammox (deammonification) processes are widely used for N-rich wastewater treatment nowadays. A deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with a high maximum total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of 1.5 g N m-2 d-1 was started up and similarly high TNRR was sustained at low temperature of 15°C. During biofilm cultivation, temperature in MBBR was lowered by 0.5° C week-1 sustaining the high TNRR. To study the short-term effect of temperature on the TNRR, a series of batch-scale experiments performed showed sufficient TNRRs even at 9-15° C (4.3-5.4 mg N L-1 h-1, respectively). After biomass was adapted to lower temperature (15°C), the TNRR increase at lower temperature (15°C) was relatively higher (15-20%) than with biomass adapted to higher temperatures (17-18°C). Anammox qPCR showed increase of Candidatus Brocadia quantities from 5×103 to 1×107 anammox gene copies g-1 TSS despite temperature lowered to 15°C. Modeling confirmed causes of stable and unstable periods in the reactor and in batch test high Arrhenius constant of 29.7 kJ mol-1 of the process as high as at 100 mg NO2--N L-1 were determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deammonification" title="deammonification">deammonification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reject%20water" title=" reject water"> reject water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent%20aeration" title=" intermittent aeration"> intermittent aeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrite%20inhibition" title=" nitrite inhibition"> nitrite inhibition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15511/increased-nitrogen-removal-in-cold-deammonification-biofilm-reactor-9-15c-by-smooth-temperature-decreasing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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Search results for: Odd Ivar Haugen