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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Tarix </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarix-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tarix subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tarix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boshlangʻich_tarix_(1139—1415)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boshlangʻich_tarix_(1139—1415)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Boshlangʻich tarix (1139—1415) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boshlangʻich_tarix_(1139—1415)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birinchi_imperiya_(1415—1663)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birinchi_imperiya_(1415—1663)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Birinchi imperiya (1415—1663) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birinchi_imperiya_(1415—1663)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrika_qirgʻoqlari_boʻylab_dastlabki_sayohatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika_qirgʻoqlari_boʻylab_dastlabki_sayohatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Afrika qirgʻoqlari boʻylab dastlabki sayohatlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrika_qirgʻoqlari_boʻylab_dastlabki_sayohatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tordesillas_shartnomasi_(1494)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tordesillas_shartnomasi_(1494)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 Tordesillas shartnomasi (1494) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tordesillas_shartnomasi_(1494)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugallarning_Hind_okeaniga_kirishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugallarning_Hind_okeaniga_kirishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 Portugallarning Hind okeaniga kirishi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugallarning_Hind_okeaniga_kirishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osiyo,_Afrika_va_Hind_okeanida_dengiz_savdosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osiyo,_Afrika_va_Hind_okeanida_dengiz_savdosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Osiyo, Afrika va Hind okeanida dengiz savdosi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osiyo,_Afrika_va_Hind_okeanida_dengiz_savdosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goa,_Malakka_va_Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goa,_Malakka_va_Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.1 Goa, Malakka va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goa,_Malakka_va_Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xitoy_va_Yaponiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xitoy_va_Yaponiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.2 Xitoy va Yaponiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xitoy_va_Yaponiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ziravorlar_orollari_(Maluku)_va_Saragosa_shartnomasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziravorlar_orollari_(Maluku)_va_Saragosa_shartnomasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.3 Ziravorlar orollari (Maluku) va Saragosa shartnomasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziravorlar_orollari_(Maluku)_va_Saragosa_shartnomasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janubiy_Osiyo,_Fors_koʻrfazi_va_Qizil_dengiz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janubiy_Osiyo,_Fors_koʻrfazi_va_Qizil_dengiz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.4 Janubiy Osiyo, Fors koʻrfazi va Qizil dengiz </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janubiy_Osiyo,_Fors_koʻrfazi_va_Qizil_dengiz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sahroi_Kabirdan_janubdagi_hududlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sahroi_Kabirdan_janubdagi_hududlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.5 Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi hududlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sahroi_Kabirdan_janubdagi_hududlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missionerlik_ekspeditsiyalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missionerlik_ekspeditsiyalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4.6 Missionerlik ekspeditsiyalari </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missionerlik_ekspeditsiyalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerikada_mustamlakachilik_harakatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerikada_mustamlakachilik_harakatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Amerikada mustamlakachilik harakatlari </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerikada_mustamlakachilik_harakatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5.1 Kanada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braziliya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braziliya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5.2 Braziliya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braziliya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberiya_ittifoqi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberiya_ittifoqi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.6 Iberiya ittifoqi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberiya_ittifoqi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikkinchi_imperiya_(1663—1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikkinchi_imperiya_(1663—1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Ikkinchi imperiya (1663—1822) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikkinchi_imperiya_(1663—1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minas-Jerais_va_oltin_sanoati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minas-Jerais_va_oltin_sanoati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Minas-Jerais va oltin sanoati </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minas-Jerais_va_oltin_sanoati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braziliya_mustaqilligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braziliya_mustaqilligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Braziliya mustaqilligi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braziliya_mustaqilligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uchinchi_imperiya_(1822—1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uchinchi_imperiya_(1822—1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Uchinchi imperiya (1822—1999) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uchinchi_imperiya_(1822—1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Britaniya_ultimatumi_va_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tugashi_(1890—1910)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britaniya_ultimatumi_va_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tugashi_(1890—1910)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Britaniya ultimatumi va Portugaliya monarxiyasining tugashi (1890—1910) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britaniya_ultimatumi_va_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tugashi_(1890—1910)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birinchi_jahon_urushi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birinchi_jahon_urushi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Birinchi jahon urushi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birinchi_jahon_urushi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Meros </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Manbalar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Adabiyotlar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Havolalar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Portugaliya imperiyasi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 78 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 ta til </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugese_Ryk" title="Portugese Ryk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portugese Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية البرتغالية – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية البرتغالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperiu Portugués – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu Portugués" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuqaliya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Portuqaliya imperiyası – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portuqaliya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="پورتوقال ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پورتوقال ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Калоніі Партугаліі – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калоніі Партугаліі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалска империя – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Португалска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পর্তুগিজ সাম্রাজ্য – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্তুগিজ সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_trevadennel_Portugal" title="Impalaeriezh trevadennel Portugal – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh trevadennel Portugal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Imperi Portuguès – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Portuguès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ئیمپڕاتۆریەتی پورتوگالی – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپڕاتۆریەتی پورتوگالی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A1_koloni%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Portugalská koloniální říše – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portugalská koloniální říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_koloniimperium" title="Det portugisiske koloniimperium – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det portugisiske koloniimperium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugiesische_Kolonialgeschichte" title="Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αυτοκρατορία της Πορτογαλίας – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκρατορία της Πορτογαλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugala_kolonia_imperio" title="Portugala kolonia imperio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portugala kolonia imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperio portugués – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio portugués" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugali_koloniaalimpeerium" title="Portugali koloniaalimpeerium – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portugali koloniaalimpeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaldar_Inperioa" title="Portugaldar Inperioa – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portugaldar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="امپراتوری پرتغال – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری پرتغال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalin_siirtomaat" title="Portugalin siirtomaat – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Portugalin siirtomaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_colonial_portugais" title="Empire colonial portugais – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire colonial portugais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Imperio Portugués – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Portugués" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Portuguese" title="Daular Portuguese – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Portuguese" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הפורטוגזית – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הפורטוגזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पुर्तगाली साम्राज्य – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुर्तगाली साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_kolonijalno_carstvo" title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpi_kolonyal_p%C3%B2tig%C3%A8" title="Anpi kolonyal pòtigè – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anpi kolonyal pòtigè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C3%A1l_Birodalom" title="Portugál Birodalom – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portugál Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պորտուգալական կայսրություն – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտուգալական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Portugal" title="Imperium Portugal – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imperium Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%BAgalska_heimsveldi%C3%B0" title="Portúgalska heimsveldið – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Portúgalska heimsveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_portoghese" title="Impero portoghese – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero portoghese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="ポルトガル海上帝国 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガル海上帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliya_Imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Portugaliya Imperiyası – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Portugaliya Imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EA%B0%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="포르투갈 제국 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포르투갈 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Portugallense" title="Imperium Portugallense – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Portugallense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalijos_kolonijin%C4%97_imperija" title="Portugalijos kolonijinė imperija – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Portugalijos kolonijinė imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portug%C4%81les_koloni%C4%81l%C4%81_imp%C4%93rija" title="Portugāles koloniālā impērija – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portugāles koloniālā impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Португалско Царство – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Португалско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पोर्तुगीज साम्राज्य – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोर्तुगीज साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Portugal" title="Empayar Portugal – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Portugal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rio_Pertu%C3%A9s" title="Ampério Pertués – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ampério Pertués" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ပေါ်တူဂီ အင်ပါယာ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပေါ်တူဂီ အင်ပါယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugese_Rijk" title="Portugese Rijk – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portugese Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_imperiet" title="Det portugisiske imperiet – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det portugisiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_portugisiske_imperiet" title="Det portugisiske imperiet – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det portugisiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Empèri Portugués – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Portugués" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_portugalskie" title="Imperium portugalskie – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperium portugalskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پرتگیزی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرتگیزی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Portugu%C3%AAs" title="Império Português – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Português" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_colonial_portughez" title="Imperiul colonial portughez – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul colonial portughez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Колонии Португалии – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колонии Португалии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_portughesu" title="Impèriu portughesu – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu portughesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_kolonijalno_carstvo" title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Portugalsko kolonijalno carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="පෘතුගීසි අධිරාජ්‍යය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘතුගීසි අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Portuguese Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Portugalská ríša – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portugalská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalski_imperij" title="Portugalski imperij – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Portugalski imperij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimintooyada_Burtugaal" title="Rimintooyada Burtugaal – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rimintooyada Burtugaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Portugeze" title="Perandoria Portugeze – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Portugeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugalsko_carstvo" title="Portugalsko carstvo – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Portugalsko carstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugisiska_imperiet" title="Portugisiska imperiet – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portugisiska imperiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="போர்த்துகல் பேரரசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போர்த்துகல் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรวรรดิโปรตุเกส – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิโปรตุเกส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portekiz İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_wa_Maputukezi" title="Mfumo wa Maputukezi – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mfumo wa Maputukezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%87%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="پورتۇگالىيە ئىمپېرىيىسى – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پورتۇگالىيە ئىمپېرىيىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Португальська імперія – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Португальська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="پرتگیزی سلطنت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرتگیزی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_B%E1%BB%93_%C4%90%C3%A0o_Nha" title="Đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Bồ Đào Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="葡萄牙帝国 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄牙帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="პორტუგალიაშ კოლონიეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პორტუგალიაშ კოლონიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄牙帝國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&oldid=5230640" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat">Doimiy havola</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot">Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&id=5230640&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortugaliya_imperiyasi">Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortugaliya_imperiyasi">QR-kodni yuklab olish</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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kiradi"><img alt="Ushbu maqola tanlangan maqolalar sarasiga kiradi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"> <table align="right" class="infobox" style="border-spacing: 1px; padding: 0px 0px; width: 300px; font-size:85%; line-height:130%;" cellspacing="1px"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border:solid #C0C0C0; border-width:0px 0px"><big>Portugaliya imperiyasi <a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugalcha</a>: Império Português</big> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border:solid #aaa; border-width:1px 0px; padding:0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em; background:#EAEAEA"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height:100%"><a href="#before-after">↓</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:118%; border:0">1415 — 1999 </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right; line-height:100%; font-size:30%"><a href="#before-after">↓</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9" align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding:0.5em 0em 0.5em 0em; background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td width="*"> </td> <td align="center" valign="middle" width="50%" style="padding-left:1em; padding-top:1em; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1750).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281750%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="padding-top:0em; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg/80px-Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg/120px-Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg/160px-Royal_Arms_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a> </td> <td width="140"> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="140"> </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Bayroq" title="Bayroq">Bayroq</a> </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align: center;«"><a href="/wiki/Gerb" title="Gerb">Gerb</a> </td> <td width="»*""> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; border-top:0px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; font-size:95%; background-color:#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Madhiya" title="Madhiya">Madhiya</a> Hymno Patriótico (1808—1826) Vatanparvarlik madhiyasi <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="Hymno_Patriotico.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg/Hymno_Patriotico.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymno_Patriotico.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Hino da Carta (1826—1910) "Nizom madhiyasi" <center><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="172" data-mwtitle="Hino_da_Carta.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Hino_da_Carta.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Hino_da_Carta.ogg/Hino_da_Carta.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=fy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fy" label="Frysk ‪(fy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHino_da_Carta.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> A Portuguesa (1910—1999) "Portugaliya madhiyasi" <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="71" data-mwtitle="A_Portuguesa.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/A_Portuguesa.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/A_Portuguesa.ogg/A_Portuguesa.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=gl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gl" label="galego ‪(gl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=ta&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ் ‪(ta)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=war&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="war" label="Winaray ‪(war)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh-mo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-MO" label="中文（澳門） ‪(zh-mo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AA_Portuguesa.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </center></td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border: solid darkgray; border-width:1px 0px" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_(1415-1999).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/220px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/330px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png/440px-Diachronic_map_of_the_Portuguese_Empire_%281415-1999%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a> Bir vaqtlar Portugaliya imperiyasi hududlari boʻlgan dunyoning xaritasi </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Poytaxt" title="Poytaxt">Poytaxti</a> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> (1415-1808) <a href="/wiki/Rio-de-Janeyro" title="Rio-de-Janeyro">Rio-de-Janeyro</a> (1808-1821) <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> (1821-1999) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa">Til(lar)i </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">Portugal tili</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Din" title="Din">Dini</a> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Katolik_cherkovi" title="Katolik cherkovi">Rim katolik cherkovi</a> (Rasmiy)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa">Pul birligi </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa">Dineyro Portugal reali </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa">Maydoni </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa">10 400 000 km² (<a href="/wiki/1815-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1815-yil">1815-yil</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa">Boshqaruv shakli </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Mutlaq_monarxiya" title="Mutlaq monarxiya">Mutlaq monarxiya</a> (1139–1822; 1823–26; 1828–34) <a href="/wiki/Konstitutsiyaviy_monarxiya" title="Konstitutsiyaviy monarxiya">Konstitutsiyaviy monarxiya</a> (1822–1823; 1826–28; 1834–1910) Parlamentar respublika (1910-1926) Korporativ respublika (1926-1974) Demokratik parlamentar respublika (1974-1999) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Monarx" title="Monarx">Monarx</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1415—1433(ilk) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">João I </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1908—1910 (soʻngi) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Manuel II </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident">Prezident</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1911—1915 (ilk) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Manuel de Arriaga </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1996—1999 (soʻngi) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sampaio" title="Jorge Sampaio">Jorge Sampaio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em" colspan="2">Bosh vazir </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1834—1835 (ilk) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Pedro de Sousa Holstein </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> - 1995—1999 (soʻngi) </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa" colspan="2">Tarix </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1415 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Seuta jangi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1498 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Portugaliyaliklarning Hindistonga boradigan dengiz yoʻlini kashf qilishlari </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1500 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Braziliya koloniyasi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1580—1640 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Iberiya ittifoqi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1588—1654 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Niderland–portugal urushi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1640—1668 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Portugaliya mustaqillik urushi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1822 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Braziliya mustaqilligi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1961 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Hindistondagi provinsiya yoʻqotilishi </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1961—1974 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Portugaliya koloniya urushlari </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  1974—1975 </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em">Chinnigullar inqilobi </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border:0"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" style="text-align: center; margin:0 auto;background-color:#f9f9f9; border-top:1px"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="border-bottom:0px; border-right:0px; border-top:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> Oʻtmishdagilar:</td> <td align="center" style="border-bottom:0px; border-right:0px; border-top:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding-bottom:0">Vorislar: </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="center" style="border:0"> <table width="100%" style="text-align: center; margin:0 auto; border:0; background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1830%E2%80%931910).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_qirolligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portugaliya qirolligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Portugaliya qirolligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Indeyslar" title="Indeyslar">Indeyslar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Kongo_according_to_Giovanni_Cavazzi_da_Montecuccolo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongo_qirolligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongo qirolligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kongo qirolligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_granted_in_1569_by_the_King_of_Portugal_to_Monomatapa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="704" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutapa_qirolligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutapa qirolligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Mutapa qirolligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilwa_sultonligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilwa sultonligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kilwa sultonligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maravi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Maravi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaabu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaabu (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kaabu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/20px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/30px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/40px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="492" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Min_(sulola)" title="Min (sulola)">Min (sulola)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujorat_sultonligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujorat sultonligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gujorat sultonligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_the_Gujarat_Sultanate.svg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of the Gujarat Sultanate.svg (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Flag of the Gujarat Sultanate.svg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Kotte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Kotte.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kotte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Kotte.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kotte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Kotte.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kotte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="366" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotte_qirolligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotte qirolligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kotte qirolligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Nandi_flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nandi_flag.png/20px-Nandi_flag.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nandi_flag.png/30px-Nandi_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nandi_flag.png/40px-Nandi_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="337" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaffna_qirolligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaffna qirolligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jaffna qirolligi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/20px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/30px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/40px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="581" /></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Malakka_sultonligi" title="Malakka sultonligi">Malakka sultonligi</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center" style="border:0"> <table width="100%" style="text-align: center; margin:0 auto; style="> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_Portugaliya_respublikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi Portugaliya respublikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birinchi Portugaliya respublikasi</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braziliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braziliya imperiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Braziliya imperiyasi</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png/20px-Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png/30px-Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png/40px-Bandeira_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_do_Brasil_com_n%C3%B3_e_cores_corretos.png 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2248" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Angola_Xalq_Respublikasi" title="Angola Xalq Respublikasi">Angola Xalq Respublikasi</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Angola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/20px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/30px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/40px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Mozambik_Xalq_Respublikasi" title="Mozambik Xalq Respublikasi">Mozambik Xalq Respublikasi</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Gvineya-Bisau" title="Gvineya-Bisau">Gvineya-Bisau</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/20px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/San-Tome_va_Prinsipi" title="San-Tome va Prinsipi">San-Tome va Prinsipi</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/20px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/30px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/40px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Timor" title="Sharqiy Timor">Sharqiy Timor</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_East_Timor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/40px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makao</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/20px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozod_Dadra_va_Nagar_Haveli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozod Dadra va Nagar Haveli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ozod Dadra va Nagar Haveli</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa,_Daman_va_Diu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goa, Daman va Diu (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Goa, Daman va Diu</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niderlandiya_Seyloni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niderlandiya Seyloni (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Niderlandiya Seyloni</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align: middle"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliya</a> imperiyasi (<a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugalcha</a>: Império Português), shuningdek, tarixda Portugaliya mustamlakachi imperiyasi (Império Colonial Português) deb yuritilgan ushbu davlat hozirgi Portugaliyadan tashqari dunyoning katta qismlarida joylashgan bir qancha mustamlakalarni oʻz ichiga olgan. Ushbu imperiya <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropadagi</a> eng uzun umr koʻrgan davlatlardan biri boʻlib, 1415-yil <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Afrika" title="Shimoliy Afrika">Shimoliy Afrikadagi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sueta_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sueta urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sueta urushidan</a> to 1999-yil Makao suverenitetining Xitoyga topshirilguniga qadar qariyb olti asr tarixda mavjud boʻlgan. Imperiyaga XV asrda asos solingan boʻlib, XVI asr boshidan <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Amerika" title="Janubiy Amerika">Janubiy Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a> va <a href="/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya">Okeaniyaning</a> turli mintaqalariga oʻz hududini kengaytirib borgan<a href="#cite_note-PageSonnenburg481-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brockeyxv-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-JuangMorrissette894-5">[5]</a>. Portugaliya imperiyasi Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar davrida paydo boʻldi va Portugaliya qirolligining kuch va qudrati natijasida dunyoning koʻp qismlarini oʻziga boʻysundira oldi. Portugal dengizchilari 1418—1419-yillarda kartografiya va dengiz texnologiyasidagi soʻnggi yutuqlardan foydalangan holda ziravorlar savdosi va mustamlaka hududlar topish uchun yangi dengiz yoʻllarini topish maqsadida qirgʻoqlarini va <a href="/wiki/Atlantika_okeani" title="Atlantika okeani">Atlantika okeani</a> arxipelaglarini tadqiq qilishni boshladilar. <a href="/wiki/1488-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1488-yil">1488-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4" title="Bartholomä">Bartolomeu Dias</a> <a href="/wiki/Yaxshi_umid_burni" title="Yaxshi umid burni">Yaxshi umid burnini</a> aylanib chiqdi va <a href="/wiki/1498-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1498-yil">1498-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindistonga</a> yetib keldi. 1500-yilda <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Alvares_Kabral" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Alvares Kabral">Pedro Alvares Kabral</a> boshchiligida <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliya</a> qirgʻoqlari kashf etildi. Keyingi oʻn yilliklar davomida portugal dengizchilari <a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Osiyo" title="Sharqiy Osiyo">Sharqiy Osiyo</a> qirgʻoqlari va orollarini oʻrganishni davom ettirdilar, qalʼalar barpo etdilar. 1571-yilga kelib, Afrika, <a href="/wiki/Yaqin_Sharq" title="Yaqin Sharq">Yaqin Sharq</a>, Hindiston va <a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Osiyo" title="Janubiy Osiyo">Janubiy Osiyo</a> qirgʻoqlari boʻylab <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonni</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> bilan bogʻlagan bir qator dengiz postlari vujudga keltirildi. Ushbu savdo tarmogʻi va mustamlakalardagi savdo Portugaliyaning jon boshiga toʻgʻri keladigan daromadining beshdan bir qismini tashkil etib, Portugaliya iqtisodiy oʻsishiga (1500—1800) sezilarli ijobiy taʼsir koʻrsatdi. 1580-yilda Ispaniya qiroli <a href="/wiki/Filipp_II" title="Filipp II">Filipp II</a> Portugaliya qirolligi tojini qoʻlga kiritganidan soʻng, keyinchalik tarixshunoslikda Iberiya ittifoqi nomi bilan atalgan Ispaniya va Portugaliya oʻrtasida 60 yillik ittifoq boshlandi. Ispaniya qiroli bir vaqtning oʻzida Portugaliya qiroli boʻlgani sababli, Portugaliya koloniyalari Ispaniyaga dushman boʻlgan uchta Yevropa kuchlari: Gollandiya Respublikasi, Angliya va Fransiya tomonidan koʻplab hujumlarga uchradi. Aholisi boshqalarga nisbatan kamroq boʻlgan Portugaliya oʻzining haddan tashqari kengaytirilgan savdo tarmogʻini samarali himoya qila olmadi va imperiya asta-sekin tanazzulga yuz tuta boshladi. Oxir-oqibat, Braziliya, imperiya ikkinchi davrining (1663—1825) eng qiymatli mustamlakasi, XIX asrning boshlarida Amerika qitʼasini qamrab olgan mustaqillik harakati toʻlqini natijasida 1822-yil Portugaliyadan mustaqil alohida davlatga aylandi. Imperiyaning uchinchi davri 1820-yillarda Braziliya mustaqillikka erishgandan keyin portugal mustamlakachiligining yakuniy bosqichini qamrab oladi. Shu vaqtlarga kelib Afrika qirgʻoqlari, Portugaliya Timori, Portugaliya Hindistoni va Portugaliya Makaosida plantatsiya xoʻjaliklari kamaytirildi. 1890-yildagi Britaniya ultimatumi Afrikadagi portugal ambitsiyalarining qisqarishiga olib keldi. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarix">Tarix</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarix">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boshlangʻich_tarix_(1139—1415)">Boshlangʻich tarix (1139—1415)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Boshlangʻich tarix (1139—1415)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Boshlangʻich tarix (1139—1415)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta,_s.XV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/220px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/330px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG/440px-Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta%2C_s.XV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2937" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1415-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1415-yil">1415-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta">Seutaning</a> zabt etilishiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigator_Genrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navigator Genrix (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Navigator Genrix</a> boshchilik qilgan va Portugaliya imperiyasiga asos solgan.</figcaption></figure> Portugaliya qirolligiga rekonkista, yaʼni Pireney yarim orolining Al-Andalus arablaridan asta-sekin qaytarib olinishi vaqtida asos solingan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius301-6">[6]</a>. 1139-yilda oʻzini alohida qirollik sifatida eʼlon qilgandan soʻng, Portugaliya <a href="/wiki/1249-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1249-yil">1249-yilda</a> Algarvega qadar yetib borib, Al-Andalus hududini qayta bosib olishni deyarli yakunladi, ammo 1411-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aylon_shartnomasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aylon shartnomasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Aylon shartnomasi</a> imzolanmaguncha uning mustaqilligi qoʻshni <a href="/wiki/Kastiliya_va_Leon_qirolligi" title="Kastiliya va Leon qirolligi">Kastiliya</a> tomonidan tahdid ostida qoldi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt2005p15-17-7">[7]</a>. Suverenitetiga ega boʻlgan va boshqa Yevropa davlatlari urushlariga qatnashmagan Portugaliya eʼtiborini chet hududlarga va Shimoliy Afrikaning musulmon yerlariga boʻladigan harbiy ekspeditsiyaga qaratdi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt19-8">[8]</a>. Portugallarning Shimoliy Afrikadagi Mariniy sultonligiga (hozirgi Marokash) hujum qilishlari uchun bir nechta ehtimoliy sabablar bor edi. Avvalo bu hujum islomga qarshi xristian salib yurishini davom ettirish imkoniyati sifatida qaraldi, harbiy sinfga jang maydonida shon-shuhrat va urush oʻljalarini vaʼda qildi va nihoyat, bu Portugaliya savdosini kengaytirish va Portugaliyaning iqtisodiy tanazzulini hal qilish imkoniyati edi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt19-8">[8]</a>. 1415-yilda Shimoliy Afrikaning Oʻrta yer dengizi boʻyida joylashgan strategik ahamiyatga ega, <a href="/wiki/Sahroi_Kabir" title="Sahroi Kabir">Sahroi Kabirdagi</a> oltin va qul savdosining asosiy portlaridan biri boʻlgan musulmon shahri <a href="/wiki/Seuta" title="Seuta">Seutaga</a> hujum qilindi. Seuta egallanishi harbiy muvafaqqiyat edi va Portugaliyaning <a href="/wiki/Pireney_yarim_oroli" title="Pireney yarim oroli">Pireney yarim orolidan</a> tashqariga kengayishidagi dastlabki qadamlardan biri boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>. Ammo tez orada shaharni qamal qilgan musulmon kuchlariga qarshi himoya qilish Portugallarga qimmatga tushdi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt21-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius55-11">[11]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birinchi_imperiya_(1415—1663)">Birinchi imperiya (1415—1663)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Birinchi imperiya (1415—1663)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Birinchi imperiya (1415—1663)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> Portugaliya bu davrda Atlantika okeanida yangi yerlarni kashf etish bilan mashgʻul boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius55-11">[11]</a>. Ushbu siyosatning asosiy tarafdori Seutani qoʻlga kiritishda ishtirok etgan va 1460-yilda vafotigacha Portugaliyaning dengiz tadqiqotlarini targʻib qilish va moliyalashda yetakchi rol oʻynagan Navigator Infante Dom Genri edi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius56-12">[12]</a>. Oʻsha paytlarda yevropaliklar Afrika qirgʻogʻidagi Cape Bojadordan keyin nima borligini bilishmagan. Genri Afrikadagi musulmonlar hududi qanchalik kengayganini va dengiz orqali <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_mamlakatlari_ro%CA%BByxati" class="mw-redirect" title="Osiyo mamlakatlari roʻyxati">Osiyoga</a> yetib borish mumkinmi yoki yoʻqligini bilishni istardi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson50-13">[13]</a>. Uning homiyligi ostida tez orada Atlantika okeanidagi <a href="/wiki/Madeyra" title="Madeyra">Madeyra</a> (1419) va <a href="/wiki/Azor_orollari" title="Azor orollari">Azor orollariga</a> (1427) yetib keldi va Portugaliya eksport qilish uchun bugʻdoy ishlab chiqara boshladi<a href="#cite_note-Coates60-14">[14]</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/300px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/450px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2513355">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Pêro da Covilhã va Afonso de Paivaning 1487–1488-yillardagi Adenga umumiy yoʻli (yashil)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2513355"><div class="legend">  Covilhãning 1489–1490-yillardagi yoʻli (apelsin rang)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2513355"><div class="legend">  Covilhãning 1490–1530-yillardagi <a href="/wiki/Efiopiya" title="Efiopiya">Efiopiyaga</a> sayohati (koʻk)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2513355"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gamaning</a> 1497–1499-yildagi sayohati (qora)</div> </figcaption></figure> Portugallarning asosiy maqsadi mustamlakachilik yoki bosqinchilik emas, balki savdo edi. Tez orada uning kemalari Yevropa bozoriga qimmatbaho oltin, fil suyagi, qalampir, paxta, shakar va qullarni olib kelishni boshladi. Qul savdosi, masalan, Lissabonda bir necha oʻnlab savdogarlar tomonidan amalga oshirilgan. Savdo yoʻllarini kengaytirish jarayonida portugal dengiz sayyohlari Afrikaning nomaʼlum qismlarini xaritaga tushirishdi va Hind okeanini oʻrganishni boshladilar. Pero de Kovilho 1487-yilda Hindistonga arab va hindlar bilan birga ekspedidtsiya uyushtirishga harakat qildi va Efiopiyaga yetib bordi. Uning maʼruzasi Lissabonda qiziqish bilan qarshilandi<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afrika_qirgʻoqlari_boʻylab_dastlabki_sayohatlar">Afrika qirgʻoqlari boʻylab dastlabki sayohatlar</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Afrika qirgʻoqlari boʻylab dastlabki sayohatlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Afrika qirgʻoqlari boʻylab dastlabki sayohatlar">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> 1443-yilda Genrixning ukasi va qirollikning muvaqqat podshohi Infante Dom Pedro Genrixga Cape Bojador janubidagi yerlarda urush va savdo ishlarini boshqarishni topshirdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius68-16">[16]</a>. Keyinchalik papalikning Dum Diversas va Romanus Pontifex qarorlari bilan yangi ochilgan yerlarda yakkahokimlik Portugaliyaga berilgan<a href="#cite_note-Daus33-17">[17]</a>. Yangi yerlarning kashf etilishini tezlashtirgan katta muvaffaqiyat XV asrning oʻrtalarida Yevropada oʻsha paytda boshqa kemalarga qaraganda shamolga qarshi yuradigan karavellaning joriy etilishi edi<a href="#cite_note-Boxer29-18">[18]</a>. Ushbu yangi dengiz texnologiyasidan foydalangan holda, portugal dengizchilari har yili oʻrtacha bir darajaga koʻtarilib, janubiy kengliklarga yetib borishdi<a href="#cite_note-Russell-Wood1998p9-19">[19]</a>. Portugallar <a href="/wiki/1445-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1445-yil">1445-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> va <a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a> yarim oroliga kelishdi<a href="#cite_note-Rodriguez79-20">[20]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/250px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/375px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg/500px-L%C3%A1zaro_Luis_1563.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2519" data-file-height="3636" /></a><figcaption>Lázaro Luisning Gʻarbiy Afrika xaritasi (1563). São Jorge da Minaning Gʻarbiy Afrikadagi qalʼa rasmi</figcaption></figure> Xorijdagi birinchi <a href="/wiki/Faktoriya" title="Faktoriya">faktoriya</a> savdo posti <a href="/wiki/1445-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1445-yil">1445-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Mavritaniya" title="Mavritaniya">Mavritaniya</a> sohilidagi Arguin orolida musulmon savdogarlarni jalb qilish va Shimoliy Afrikada dengiz sayohatlari yoʻnalishlarida biznesni monopollashtirish uchun tashkil etilgan. 1446-yilda Alvaro Fernandes deyarli hozirgi <a href="/wiki/Syerra-Leone" title="Syerra-Leone">Syerra-Leonega</a> qadar bosib oldi va 1460-yillarda Gvineya koʻrfaziga yetib bordi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius469-21">[21]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a> orollari 1456-yilda kashf etilgan va 1462-yilda portugallar tomonidan egallangan. Portugallar <a href="/wiki/1455-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1455-yil">1455-yilda</a> Madeyrada shakarqamishning kengayishi natijasida Sitsiliya va Genuyalik maslahatchilar yordami bilan Yevropada kam uchraydigan shirin tuzni ishlab chiqarishni boshladi. Qullar ayovsiz ishlatilgan va Madeyrada chetdan olib kelingan qullarning ulushi XVI asrga kelib umumiy aholining 10 % ga yetgan<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1480-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1480-yil">1480-yilga</a> kelib <a href="/wiki/Antverpen" title="Antverpen">Antverpenda</a> Madeyra shakar savdosi bilan shugʻullanadigan yetmishta kema bor edi. 1490-yillarga kelib Madeyra shakar ishlab chiqarish boʻyicha Kiprni ortda qoldirdi<a href="#cite_note-Ponting482-23">[23]</a>. Bartolomeo Markionni kabi shakar savdogarlarining muvaffaqiyati kelajakdagi sayohatlarga sarmoya kiritishga yordam berdi<a href="#cite_note-Davis84-24">[24]</a>. 1469-yilda shahzoda Genrix vafotidan soʻng va afrikadagi tadqiqotlarning arzimas daromadi natijasida qirol Afonso V Gvineya koʻrfazining bir qismida savdo yuritish huquqini savdogar Fernao Gomesga berdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto232-25">[25]</a>. Besh yil davomida har yili qirgʻoq boʻylab 100 milya (160 km)ni tadqiq qilgan Gomes Gvineya koʻrfazidagi orollarni, jumladan San-Tome va Prinsipi orollarini kashf etdi va mahalliy aholi oʻrtasida gullab-yashnayotgan allyuvial oltin savdosini topdi, arab va berber bilan uchrashdi<a href="#cite_note-White138-26">[26]</a>. Elmina va Portugaliya oʻrtasidagi savdo oʻn yil davomida oʻsdi. Kastiliya merosxoʻrligi urushi paytida Kastiliya floti ushbu daromadli savdoni nazorat ostiga olishga harakat qildi, ammo 1478-yilgi Gvineya jangida qatʼiy magʻlubiyatga uchradi, bu esa portugallarning ushbu hududdagi nazoratini mustahkam oʻrnatdi. 1473-yilda Fernao Gomes Ekvatorni va 1482-yilda Kongo daryosini Diogo Kao boshchligidagi dengizchilar kesib oʻtdi. Aynan shu ekspeditsiya paytida portugallar birinchi marta Kongo qirolligiga duch kelishdi va u bilan tez orada yaxshi aloqalar oʻrnatildi<a href="#cite_note-GannDuignan273-27">[27]</a>. 1485—1486-yillarda Cão hozirgi Namibiya hududiga kiruvchi Keyp Krossga ekspeditsiyasini davom ettirdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius156-28">[28]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Morocco.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG/300px-Portuguese_Morocco.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG/450px-Portuguese_Morocco.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Portuguese_Morocco.PNG 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Marokashdagi portugal mulklari (1415-1769)</figcaption></figure> 1488-yilda Bartolomeu Dias Afrikaning janubiy chekkasida joylashgan <a href="/wiki/Yaxshi_umid_burni" title="Yaxshi umid burni">Yaxshi umid burnini</a> aylanib chiqdi va bu Ptolemey davridan beri Hind okeani quruqlikka tutashmagan degan qarashning notoʻgʻri ekanligini isbotladi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson59-29">[29]</a>. Bir vaqtning oʻzida quruqlik orqali ekspeditsiyasini davom ettirgan Pero da Kovilha Efiopiyaga yetib bordi va Hindistonga dengiz yoʻli kashf etilishiga juda yaqin keldi. Portugaliyaliklar Afrika qirgʻoqlarini oʻrganar ekanlar, ular oʻzlarining daʼvolarini koʻrsatuvchi Portugaliya gerbi bilan oʻyilgan bir qator tosh xochlarni qoldirdilar, qalʼalar va savdo markazlarini qurdilar<a href="#cite_note-Newitt47-30">[30]</a>. Ular asosan qul va oltin savdosi bilan shugʻullandilar. Portugaliya bir asrdan koʻproq vaqt davomida Afrikaning dengiz orqali qul savdosi boʻyicha yakkahukmronlikka ega boʻlib, har yili 800 ga yaqin qullarni olib ketishgan. Ularning aksariyati Portugaliya poytaxti Lissabonga olib kelingan va oʻsha davrda poytaxtda qora tanli afrikaliklar aholining 10 foizini tashkil qilgani taxmin qilinadi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson55-31">[31]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tordesillas_shartnomasi_(1494)">Tordesillas shartnomasi (1494)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tordesillas shartnomasi (1494)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Tordesillas shartnomasi (1494)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> 1492-yilda <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbusning</a> Ispaniya uchun Osiyo deb taxmin qilinlagan <a href="/wiki/Yangi_dunyo" title="Yangi dunyo">Yangi dunyoni</a> kashf etishi ispanlar va portugallar oʻrtasida tortishuvlarga olib keldi<a href="#cite_note-McAlister73-75-32">[32]</a>. Ular oxir-oqibat <a href="/wiki/1494-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1494-yil">1494-yilda</a> Tordesillas shartnomasi orqali oʻzaro Yevropadan chetda boʻlgan Yangi dunyoni taqsimlab olishdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto165-33">[33]</a>. Biroq, oʻsha paytda uzunlikni toʻgʻri oʻlchash imkoni boʻlmagani uchun, aniq chegara ikki davlat tomonidan <a href="/wiki/1777-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1777-yil">1777-yilgacha</a> bahsli boʻlib kelgan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius174-34">[34]</a>. Portugallar Diasning <a href="/wiki/Yaxshi_umid_burni" title="Yaxshi umid burni">Yaxshi umid burniga</a> qilgan sayohatini davom ettirish uchun nega toʻqqiz yil kutishganini aniqlash tarixchilar orasida bahsli hisoblanadi. Ularning taxminiga koʻra sirli ekspeditsiyalar davom ettirilgan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius176-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boxer36-36">[36]</a>. Portugaliyaning Osiyoga dengiz yoʻlini topishdek koʻp yillik maqsadiga nihoyat <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> qoʻmondonligidagi ulkan ekspeditsiya aʼzolari erishdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius176-185-37">[37]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugallarning_Hind_okeaniga_kirishi">Portugallarning Hind okeaniga kirishi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Portugallarning Hind okeaniga kirishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Portugallarning Hind okeaniga kirishi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> ekspeditsiyasi aʼzolari <a href="/wiki/1497-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1497-yil">1497-yilda</a> Portugaliyani tark etib, Keypni aylanib oʻtib va <a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Afrika" title="Sharqiy Afrika">Sharqiy Afrika</a> qirgʻoqlari boʻylab davom etdi. U yerda mahalliy dengizchilar ularni Hind okeani orqali 1498-yil may oyida Kalikutga boshlab borishdi. Shu tarzda dengiz orqali Hindistonga yangi yoʻl kashf etildi. Hindistonga ikkinchi ekspeditsiyani Kabral boshchiligida dengizchilar amalga oshirishdi. Ular ham Atlantika okeani orqali Hindistonga dengiz yoʻlini ochishni maqsad qilishgan edi. Ammo 1500-yilda Braziliya qirgʻoqlariga borib tushishdi va shunday qilib Braziliya kashf etildi. Bu, ehtimol, tasodifiy kashfiyotdir, ammo taxminlarga koʻra, portugaliyaliklar <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyaning</a> mavjudligini yashirincha bilishgan va u Tordesilyas chizigʻida joylashgan<a href="#cite_note-McAlister75-38">[38]</a>. Kabral Portugaliya qiroliga ushbu yangi hududlarni Portugaliya mulkiga aylantirishni tavsiya qildi va 1501-yil va 1503-yillarda ikkita yangi ekspeditsiyalarni amalga oshirdi. Ushbu hududda katta miqdorda oʻrmon va chakalakzorlar topildi, ammo oltin va kumush topilmaganligi portugallarni eʼtiborini yana Hindistonga qaratishiga sabab boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-McAlister76-39">[39]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1502-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1502-yil">1502-yilda</a> Hind okeanining keng hududida savdo hukmronligini qoʻlga olish, Portugaliya imperiyasining savdo kemalarini qaroqchilar va raqib davlatlardan himoya qilish uchun kartaz litsenziyalash tizimini yaratdi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius274,320-323-40">[40]</a>. Tristau da Kunya va Afonso de Albukerke qoʻmondonligi ostidagi portugal floti <a href="/wiki/Qizil_dengiz" title="Qizil dengiz">Qizil dengizga</a> kiraverishdagi Sokotrani <a href="/wiki/1506-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1506-yil">1506-yilda</a> va <a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Maskatni</a> <a href="/wiki/1507-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1507-yil">1507-yilda</a> bosib oldi<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abeyasinghe2-42">[42]</a>. Ormuzni zabt eta olmagach, ular Hind okeaniga va undan keyingi yerlarda savdo qilishni taʼqiqlash strategiyasiga amal qilishdi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b128-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius233,235-44">[44]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> Cunha tomonidan qisman tadqiq etilgan va Mavrikiy esa Cunha va Albuquerque tomonidan ochilgan<a href="#cite_note-Macmillan11-45">[45]</a>. Sokotra qoʻlga kiritilgandan soʻng, Cunha va Albuquerque alohida ish olib bordilar. Cunha savdo maqsadlarida Hindiston va Portugaliya orasida sayohat qilgan boʻlsa, Albuquerque Almeydaning uch yillik vakolati tugaganidan keyin gubernator lavozimini egallash uchun Hindistonga bordi. Ammo Almeyda hokimiyatni topshirishdan bosh tortdi va tez orada Albuquerqueni uy qamogʻiga oldi va u yerda 1509-yilgacha qoldi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius237-239-46">[46]</a>. Manuel I Almeydadan Malakka va Shri-Lankadagi hududlarni yanada batafsil oʻrganishni soʻragan boʻlsa-da, Almeyda buning oʻrniga Hindistonning gʻarbiy qismiga, xususan, Gujarat sultonligiga eʼtibor qaratishni lozim deb topdi. Chunki Almeydaning mintaqadagi savdogarlar boshqa joylarga nisbatan koʻproq kuchga ega ekanligidan shubhalari bor edi. <a href="/wiki/Mamluklar" title="Mamluklar">Mamluk sultonligi</a> sultoni Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Gavri va Gujarat sultonligi Chaul portida portugal kuchlariga hujum qildi, natijada Almeydaning oʻgʻli bu urushda vafot etdi. Bunga javoban portugallar 1509-yilda Diu dengizidagi jangda Mamluklar va Gujaratlar flotlarini tor-mor qilishdi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b128-29-47">[47]</a>. Almeydaning dastlabki urinishlari bilan bir qatorda, Manuel I va uning Lissabondagi kengashi hokimiyatni Hind okeanida taqsimlashga harakat qilib, uchta yoʻnalishni yaratdi: Albuquerque <a href="/wiki/Qizil_dengiz" title="Qizil dengiz">Qizil dengizga</a>, Diogo Lopes de Sequeira Malakka sultoni bilan kelishuvga erishish uchun Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoga, Xorxe de Aguiar, keyin esa Duarte de Lemos <a href="/wiki/Yaxshi_umid_burni" title="Yaxshi umid burni">Yaxshi umid burni</a> va Gujarat oʻrtasidagi hududga yuborildi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius245-247-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Subrahmanyam67-83-49">[49]</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1497-yilda Vasco da Gamaning Hindistonga joʻnab ketishi"><img alt="1497-yilda Vasco da Gamaning Hindistonga joʻnab ketishi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/200px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/300px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg/400px-A_partida_de_Vasco_da_Gama_para_a_%C3%8Dndia_em_1497.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="808" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1497-yilda <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gamaning</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindistonga</a> joʻnab ketishi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Portugaliya kashfiyoti va izlanishlari: birinchi yetib kelgan joylari va sanalari; Portugaliyaning asosiy ziravor savdo yoʻllari (koʻk)"><img alt="Portugaliya kashfiyoti va izlanishlari: birinchi yetib kelgan joylari va sanalari; Portugaliyaning asosiy ziravor savdo yoʻllari (koʻk)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/200px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/300px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png/400px-Portuguese_discoveries_and_explorationsV2en.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portugaliya kashfiyoti va izlanishlari: birinchi yetib kelgan joylari va sanalari; Portugaliyaning asosiy ziravor savdo yoʻllari (koʻk)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay savdo kemasi. Portugal Armadasining qudrati va kuchining namunasi edi."><img alt="Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay savdo kemasi. Portugal Armadasining qudrati va kuchining namunasi edi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/200px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/300px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg/400px-Portuguese_Carracks_off_a_Rocky_Coast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1660" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Santa-Katarina do Monte Sinay savdo kemasi. Portugal Armadasining qudrati va kuchining namunasi edi.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="XVI asrdagi portugal zodagonining Hindistondagi mulozimlar bilan tasviri"><img alt="XVI asrdagi portugal zodagonining Hindistondagi mulozimlar bilan tasviri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/200px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/300px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg/400px-Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1331" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">XVI asrdagi portugal zodagonining Hindistondagi mulozimlar bilan tasviri</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Osiyo,_Afrika_va_Hind_okeanida_dengiz_savdosi">Osiyo, Afrika va Hind okeanida dengiz savdosi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Osiyo, Afrika va Hind okeanida dengiz savdosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Osiyo, Afrika va Hind okeanida dengiz savdosi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Goa,_Malakka_va_Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo">Goa, Malakka va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Goa, Malakka va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Goa, Malakka va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/300px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/450px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg/600px-Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>XVI va XVII asrlarda markazi <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> boʻlgan Sharqiy Portugaliya imperiyasi (Estado da Índia)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/1509-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1509-yil">1509-yil</a> oxiriga kelib, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> Hindistonga yoʻlni kashf etgandan soʻng, Albuquerque poytaxti <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Eski Goa</a> boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Ost-indiya" title="Ost-indiya">Ost-indiyaning</a> vitse-qiroli boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b129-50">[50]</a>. Almeydadan farqli oʻlaroq, Albuquerque dengiz flotini mustahkamlash, shuningdek, qirollik manfaatlariga koʻproq xizmat qilish bilan shugʻullangan<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius238-51">[51]</a>. Uning birinchi maqsadi Kerala va Gujarat oʻrtasidagi mudofaa qalʼasi sifatida strategik joylashuvi, shuningdek, arab otlarini import qilishda muhimligi tufayli <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goani</a> zabt etish edi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b128-29-47">[47]</a>. 1510-yilda Bijapur sultonligidan Goaning qoʻlga olinishiga tez orada bijapurilar qarshi chiqdi, ammo hindu xususiy mulkdori Timoji yordami bilan oʻsha yilning 25-noyabrida shahar portugallar tomonidan qayta qoʻlga olindi<a href="#cite_note-Shastry34-45-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b130-53">[53]</a>. Goa shahrida Albuquerque <a href="/wiki/1510-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1510-yil">1510-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindistonda</a> birinchi portugal zarbxonasini ochdi<a href="#cite_note-deSouza220-54">[54]</a>. U portugaliyalik koʻchmanchilarni mahalliy ayollarga uylanishga daʼvat etdi, Avliyo Ketrin sharafiga cherkov qurdi va hindlarning ibodatxonalarini himoya qilish va soliq talablarini kamaytirish orqali mahalliy hindlar bilan aloqa oʻrnatishga harakat qildi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b130-53">[53]</a>. Portugallar janubiy Hindistondagi <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagar" title="Vijayanagar">Vijayanagar imperiyasi</a> bilan doʻstona aloqalarni saqlab qolgan<a href="#cite_note-Mehta291-55">[55]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1511-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1511-yil">1511-yil</a> aprel oyida Albuquerque oʻsha davrning eng yirik ziravorlar bozori boʻlgan Malayziyadagi <a href="/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka">Malakkaga</a> suzib keldi<a href="#cite_note-Ricklefs23-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2004p98-57">[57]</a>. Savdoda asosan gujaratilar ustunlik qilgan boʻlsa-da, turklar, forslar, armanlar, tamillar va habashlar kabi boshqa guruhlar ham savdo qilishgan<a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2004p98-57">[57]</a>. Albuquerque ziravorlar savdosida musulmonlar va venetsiyaliklarning taʼsiriga toʻsqinlik qilish va Lissabon taʼsirini oshirish uchun Malakkani oʻziga boysundirishni reja qildi<a href="#cite_note-Gipouloux2011p301-302-58">[58]</a>. 1511-yilning iyuliga kelib Albuquerque Malakkani egallab oldi va Antonio de Abreu va Fransisko Serraoni (<a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> bilan birga) Indoneziya arxipelagini oʻrganish uchun yubordi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt2005p78-59">[59]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/220px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/330px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg/440px-Iberian_mare_clausum_claims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Kashfiyotlar davrida iberiyaning hududlarga xalqaro daʼvo huquqi. Afonso de Albuquerquening Hind okeanini oʻrab olish strategiyasi koʻrsatilgan.</figcaption></figure> Malakka yarim oroli Portugaliyaning <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo" title="Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo">Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo</a> bilan savdo-sotiq ishlari kengayishi uchun strategik bazaga aylandi. Shaharni himoya qilish uchun A Famosa deb nomlangan kuchli darvoza barpo etildi va ushbu darvoza bugun ham saqlanib qolingan<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2009p202-60">[60]</a>. Siamlarning Malakka boʻyicha maqsadlarini bilib, Albuquerque darhol Duarte Fernandesni Siam qirolligiga (zamonaviy Tailand) diplomatik missiyaga yubordi, u ushbu qirollikdagi birinchi yevropalik boʻlib, ikkala qirollik oʻrtasida doʻstona munosabatlar va savdo aloqalarni oʻrnatdi<a href="#cite_note-Lach520-521-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>. Portugaliya imperiyasi janubga qarab siljidi va 1512-yilda Timor kashf etildi. Xorxe de Meneses 1526-yilda <a href="/wiki/Yangi_gvineya" title="Yangi gvineya">Yangi gvineyani</a> kashf etib, uni „Papua oroli“ deb nom berdi<a href="#cite_note-QuanchiRobson2005-63">[63]</a>. 1517-yilda João da Silveira <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> flotiga qoʻmondonlik qildi va 1528-yilga kelib portugallar Chittagongda oʻz hukmronligini oʻrnatdilar<a href="#cite_note-Harris225-65">[65]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Xitoy_va_Yaponiya">Xitoy va Yaponiya</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Xitoy va Yaponiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Xitoy va Yaponiya">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Macau_Trade_Routes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/300px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/450px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Macau_Trade_Routes.png/600px-Macau_Trade_Routes.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Portugallarning <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiyaning</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> shahriga tashrifi.</figcaption></figure> Rimliklar <a href="/wiki/Kichik_Osiyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kichik Osiyo">Kichik Osiyo</a> orqali quruqlikda Xitoyga birinchi yetib kelishgan boʻlsa, Jorge Alvares dengiz orqali ushbu mamlakatga yetib kelgan ilk yevropalik boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Edmonds2002-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ward2008-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gleason2007-69">[69]</a>. U shuningdek <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kongni</a> kashf etgan ilk yevropalik sayyohdir<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>. Hindiston Estadosining vitse-qiroli Albuquerque Yevropaliklarning mahalliy xalq bilan savdo aloqalarini yoʻlga qoʻyish uchun Rafael Perestreloni Xitoyga joʻnatdi<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Macau_oldmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/220px-Macau_oldmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/330px-Macau_oldmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Macau_oldmap.jpg/440px-Macau_oldmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1639-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1639-yil">1639-yildagi</a> Portugaliya mustamlakasi Makao yarimorolining tasviri</figcaption></figure> Xitoy savdo portlarini Portugaliyaning oʻz manfaatlari uchun kuch bilan ochishga harakati ikki davlat oʻrtasida jangga olib keldi va Tamãodagi Tunmen jangida portugallar <a href="/wiki/Min_(sulola)" title="Min (sulola)">Minlarda</a> magʻlubiyatga uchradilar. <a href="/wiki/1521-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1521-yil">1521-yilda</a> Lantau orolidagi Sincouwaan jangida portugallar 2 ta kemasini yoʻqotdilar. Shuningdek <a href="/wiki/1548-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1548-yil">1548-yilda</a> Dongshan yarimoroli yaqinidagi Shuanyudaa boʻlib oʻtgan jangda yana 2 ta kemalari yoʻqotildi va koʻplab portugallar xitoyliklar tomonidan qoʻlga olindi. <a href="/wiki/1549-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1549-yil">1549-yil</a> Galeote Pereira va portugallarning ikkita kemasi egallandi. Ushbu janglar davomida <a href="/wiki/Min_(sulola)" title="Min (sulola)">Minlar</a> magʻlubiyatga uchragan portugallardan qurol-yarogʻlarni egallab oldilar, keyin ular Xitoyda ommaviy ishlab chiqarila boshlandi. Portugallar keyinroq Xitoyga tinch yoʻl bilan qaytib kelishdi va Luso-Xitoy kelishuvi (1554) shartnomasi imzolandi. Portugallar Luso-Xitoy kelishuvida Franklar oʻrniga oʻzlarini portugaliyaliklar nomi bilan tanishtirdilar va Minlarga har yili yuzlab kumush lyan (pul birligi)larni berib, Xitoydan Makaoni savdo nuqtasi sifatida ijaraga oldilar<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>. Ammo vaqt oʻtib ikki madaniyat oʻrtasidagi dastlabki uygʻunlikka qaramay, koʻp oʻtmay, bir-biriga nisbatan tushunmovchilik, mutaassiblik va hatto dushmanlik ham paydo boʻla boshladi<a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-75">[75]</a>. Portugaliyalik dengizchi Simão de Andrade oʻzining qaroqchilik faoliyati, Xitoy kemalarini vayron qilishi, xitoylik amaldorga hujumi va xitoyliklarni oʻgʻirlashi tufayli Portugaliyaning Xitoy bilan munosabatlariga sovuqchilik keltirdi. Andrade Tamao orolidagi qalʼada edi. Xitoyliklar Simão xitoylik oʻgʻil va qizlarni tahqirlaganini daʼvo qilishdi<a href="#cite_note-Jesus5-76">[76]</a>. Xitoyliklar portugaliyaliklarni haydab chiqarishga va Tamaoni qaytarib olish uchun portugaliyalik karavellarga qarshi arzimas qoʻshinni yubordilar. Natijada, xitoyliklar koʻplab portugallarni oʻldirilishini va ularni dengizga haydab chiqarish haqida farmonni eʼlon qildilar<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whiteway339-78">[78]</a>. Bintan sultoni Tomas Pires qoʻl ostida bir necha portugaliyalikni hibsga olgandan soʻng, xitoyliklar 23 portugallikni qatl qildilar va qolganlarini qamoqxonaga tashladilar, ular yomon, baʼzan halokatli sharoitlarda yashadilar. Keyin xitoyliklar 1545 va 1549-yillarda xitoyliklarni gʻazablantirgan portugallarning qirgʻoq boʻylab keng koʻlamli va zararli qaroqchiliklari tufayli Ningbo va Fujian savdo nuqtalarida istiqomat qiluvchi portugallarni ommaviy qirgʻin qildilar<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-77">[77]</a>. Bu davrda portugal qaroqchilari yaponlardan keyin ikkinchi oʻrinda turardi. Biroq keyinchalik portugallar Xitoy kemalarini talashni toʻxtatdilar va ikki oʻrtada savdo yuritish yana boshladi. 1557-yilda Xitoy hukumati portugaliyaliklarga <a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaoda</a> joylashishga ruxsat berib, <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> va <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> oʻrtasida tovarlar savdosi omborini yaratdi<a href="#cite_note-Dodge226-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b175,184-79">[79]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ziravorlar_orollari_(Maluku)_va_Saragosa_shartnomasi">Ziravorlar orollari (Maluku) va Saragosa shartnomasi</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ziravorlar orollari (Maluku) va Saragosa shartnomasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ziravorlar orollari (Maluku) va Saragosa shartnomasi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/320px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/480px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg/640px-Attributed_to_Kano_Sanraku_-_Important_Cultural_Property_Namban_Screens_-_Google_Art_Project2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7421" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya Yaponiya va Xitoy bilan savdo yoʻllarini oʻrnatgan birinchi Yevropa davlati boʻldi. Yaponiya ekspeditsiyasida Portugaliya kemalaridagi ekipajlarning muhim qismi hind nasroniylari edi</figcaption></figure> Portugallarning Osiyodagi ekspeditsiyalari boshqalarda ham katta qiziqish uygʻotdi. <a href="/wiki/1521-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1521-yil">1521-yil</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> <a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippinga</a> keldi va <a href="/wiki/Ispaniya_imperiyasi" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi">Ispaniya imperiyasi</a> mulki deb eʼlon qildi<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1525-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1525-yil">1525-yilda</a> Charlz V Molukka orollarini mustamlaka qilish uchun ekspeditsiya yubordi va ushbu hudud Tordesillas shartnomasi hududida joylashganligini daʼvo qildi, chunki sharqda hech qanday chegara yoʻq edi. García Jofre de Loaísa ekspeditsiyasi Molukkaga yetib bordi. Ammo portugallar Ternate yaqinida oʻz hukmronligini oʻrnatgan edilar va ikki davlat ushbu hududlar uchun oʻn yillar mobaynida urushlar olib bordilar. 1529-yilda Saragosa shartnomasi bilan Molukkani <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliyaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippinni</a> esa <a href="/wiki/Ispaniya_imperiyasi" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi">Ispaniyaga</a> berish toʻgʻrisida qaror qabul qilindi<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004p1340-81">[81]</a>. Portugaliyaliklar 1530-yildan Bruney imperiyasi bilan muntazam savdo qilganlar va Bruney poytaxtini tosh devor bilan oʻralgan deb tasvirlashgan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Janubiy_Osiyo,_Fors_koʻrfazi_va_Qizil_dengiz">Janubiy Osiyo, Fors koʻrfazi va Qizil dengiz</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Janubiy Osiyo, Fors koʻrfazi va Qizil dengiz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Janubiy Osiyo, Fors koʻrfazi va Qizil dengiz">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/220px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/330px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg/440px-Bahrain_Fort_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Portugal qalʼasi, <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayndagi</a> eng yaxshi saqlanib qolgan qalʼalardan biri</figcaption></figure> Portugaliya imperiyasi Ajuran imperiyasi va Usmonli imperiyasi bilan ziravorlar savdosini nazorat qilish uchun kurashib, Fors koʻrfaziga xavf sola boshladi. 1515-yilda Afonso de Albuquerque Fors koʻrfazining boshida joylashgan Huvala davlatini boʻysundirib, uni Portugaliya vassaliga aylantirdi. Biroq <a href="/wiki/Adan_(shahar)" title="Adan (shahar)">Adan</a> oʻsha yili Albuquerquening hujumlariga, shuningdek 1516-yilda Lopo Soares de Albergarianing hujumlariga qattiq qarshilik koʻrsatdi. <a href="/wiki/1521-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1521-yil">1521-yilda</a> António Correia boshchiligidagi qoʻshin Jabrid qiroli Muqrin ibn Zomilni magʻlub etib, Bahraynni egallab oldi<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a>. Portugallar keyingi yuz yillar davomida Fors koʻrfazining janubiy qismida hukmronlik qildilar. 1497-yildan beri <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonni</a> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> bilan bogʻlaydigan muntazam dengiz yoʻli bilan Mozambik oroli strategik portga aylandi va u yerda São Sebastião qalʼasi va kasalxona qurildi. Azor orollari tarkibiga kiruvchi Armada orollari Lissabonga ketadigan kemalar xavfsizligini taʼminlagan<a href="#cite_note-OʻFlanagan125-83">[83]</a>. 1534-yilda Gujarat <a href="/wiki/Boburiylar" title="Boburiylar">Boburiylar</a>, Chitor va Manduning Rajput shtatlari tomonidan hujumga duch keldi. Gujarat sultoni Bahodurshoh portugallar bilan mamlakatini koʻp hududini boshqa hind davlatlaridan qaytarib olish uchun Basseyn shartnomasini imzolab, oʻzaro ittifoq tuzdi. Buning evaziga u Daman, Diu, Mumbay va Basseynni portugallarga berdi. Shuningdek, u bojlarni toʻlash va ot savdosiga ruxsat berish uchun Qizil dengizga joʻnaydigan va Basseyn orqali oʻtadigan Gujarati kemalarining savdosini tartibga soldi<a href="#cite_note-Pearson1976pp74-82-84">[84]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boburiylar" title="Boburiylar">Boburiy</a> hukmdori <a href="/wiki/Humoyun" title="Humoyun">Humoyun</a> Bahodirga qarshi urushda muvaffaqiyat qozonganidan soʻng, portugallar bilan shartlarni tasdiqlash uchun boshqa shartnoma imzoladi va Diuda qalʼa qurilishiga ruxsat berdi. Oradan koʻp oʻtmay Humoyun eʼtiborini boshqa tomonga qaratdi va gujaratlar Usmonlilar bilan ittifoq tuzib, Diu ustidan nazoratni tiklab, qalʼani qamal qildilar. 1538 va 1546-yillardagi ikkita muvaffaqiyatsiz qamal Usmonlilarning maqsadlariga chek qoʻydi, bu mintaqadagi Portugaliya gegemonligini tasdiqlandi<a href="#cite_note-Pearson1976pp74-82-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil116-118-85">[85]</a>, shuningdek, portugallar <a href="/wiki/Boburiylar" title="Boburiylar">Boburiylardan</a> ustunlikka ega boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-Mathew138-86">[86]</a>. Biroq, <a href="/wiki/Usmonlilar_imperiyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Usmonlilar imperiyasi">Usmonlilar</a> 1541-yilda <a href="/wiki/Qizil_dengiz" title="Qizil dengiz">Qizil dengiz</a> va <a href="/wiki/Sinay_yarim_oroli" title="Sinay yarim oroli">Sinay yarim orolida</a>, 1546 va 1552-yillarda <a href="/wiki/Fors_ko%CA%BBrfazi" title="Fors koʻrfazi">Fors koʻrfazining</a> shimoliy mintaqasida portugallarning hujumlariga qarshi kurashdilar<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sahroi_Kabirdan_janubdagi_hududlar">Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi hududlar</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi hududlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi hududlar">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_(1635)_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/220px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/330px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png/440px-Saint_Francis_Xavier_taking_leave_of_King_John_III_%281635%29_-_Jos%C3%A9_Avelar_Rebelo.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Avliyo Francis Xavier Portugaliya qiroli Ioann III dan Osiyoga missionerlik ekspeditsiyasini uyushtirishga ijozat soʻramoqda</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Efiopiya" title="Efiopiya">Efiopiya</a> bilan bir qator uzoq muddatli aloqalardan soʻng, Portugaliya elchixonasi 1520-yilda Rodrigo de Lima boshchiligidagi Efiopiya (Habashiston) qirolligi bilan aloqa oʻrnatdi.<a href="#cite_note-Abir86-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>. Tez orada ularning aloqalari oʻzaro ittifoq tuzishga qadar bordi<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a>. Portugaliya va Efiopiya hududlaridagi turklarning oldinga siljishi qoʻrquvi ham ularning ittifoqida rol oʻynadi<a href="#cite_note-Abir86-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>. Adal sultonligi <a href="/wiki/1529-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1529-yil">1529-yilda</a> Shimbra Kure jangida efiopiyaliklarni magʻlub etdi va islom dini mintaqada yanada tarqaldi. Portugaliya qirol Gelawdewosga portugal askarlari va mushketlari bilan yordam berdi. Usmonlilar Adal sultonligiga askarlar bilan yordam bergan boʻlsalar-da, 1543-yilda Vayna Daga jangida Adali sulton Ahmad ibn Ibrohim al-Gʻoziy vafot etganidan soʻng, Adal-Usmonli qoʻshma qoʻshinlari chekindi<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stapleton2013p121-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Missionerlik_ekspeditsiyalari">Missionerlik ekspeditsiyalari</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Missionerlik ekspeditsiyalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Missionerlik ekspeditsiyalari">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> 1542-yilda iyezuit missioneri Francis Xavier Portugaliya qiroli Ioann III topshirigʻiga binoan Apostol nunsiaturasiga mas’ul boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goaga</a> keldi. Ayni shu paytda Francisco Zeimoto, António Mota va boshqa savdogarlar birinchi marta Yaponiyaga oʻz tashriflarini amalga oshirmoqda edilar. Bu sayohatda boʻlganini daʼvo qilgan Fernão Mendes Pintoning soʻzlariga koʻra, ular Tanegashimaga yetib kelishgan, u yerda mahalliy aholi oʻqotar qurollardan hayratda qolgan. Keyinchalik ushbu qurollar Yaponiyada ommaviy ravishda ishlab chiqilgan<a href="#cite_note-Pacey1991-96">[96]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1570-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1570-yil">1570-yilga</a> kelib portugallar Yaponiya portining bir qismini sotib oldilar, u yerda ular <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> shahrining kichik bir qismiga asos soldilar<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> va shahar <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> bilan uchburchak savdoda Yaponiyaning asosiy savdo portiga aylandi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b195-98">[98]</a>. Oʻz savdosini Yevropa va Osiyo raqobatchilaridan himoya qilgan Portugaliya nafaqat Osiyo va Yevropa oʻrtasidagi savdoda, balki <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy">Xitoy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a> kabi Osiyo va Afrikaning turli mintaqalari oʻrtasidagi savdoda ham ustunlik qildi. Iyezuit missionerlari portugallarga ergashib, rim katolik dinini Osiyo va Afrikada kuch va zoʻravonlik bilan yoyishga harakatlarni olib borishdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto262-265-99">[99]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amerikada_mustamlakachilik_harakatlari">Amerikada mustamlakachilik harakatlari</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Amerikada mustamlakachilik harakatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Amerikada mustamlakachilik harakatlari">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Capitanias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/220px-Capitanias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/330px-Capitanias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Capitanias.jpg/440px-Capitanias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="4154" /></a><figcaption>Braziliyaning 15 ta avloddan avlodga meros qoladigan koloniyalarini koʻrsatadigan 1574-yildagi xarita</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Kanada">Kanada</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kanada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kanada">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> Tordesillas shartnomasiga asosan qirollar Manuel I, Ioann III va Sebastian boshchiligidagi Portugaliya imperiyasi Shimoliy Amerikada ham hududiy huquqlarga daʼvo qildi. Shu maqsadda, 1499 va 1500-yillarda João Fernandes Lavrador Grenlandiya va Kanadaning shimoliy Atlantika qirgʻoqlarini oʻrgandi<a href="#cite_note-DiffieWinius464-100">[100]</a>. Keyinchalik, 1500—1501 va 1502-yillarda aka-uka Gaspar va Miguel Corte-Real Kanadaning Newfoundland va Labrador provinsiyalari va Grenlandiyani tadqiq etib, bu yerlarni Portugaliya mulki deya daʼvo qilishdi. <a href="/wiki/1506-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1506-yil">1506-yilda</a> qirol Manuel I Newfoundland qirgʻoqlarida baliq ovlash uchun soliq joriy etdi. Taxminan 1521-yilda João Alvares Fagundesga Sent-Lorens koʻrfazining ichki orollariga xayriya huquqi berdi va shuningdek, baliq ovlash uchun asos boʻlib xizmat qilishi uchun Keyp Breton orolida aholi punkti yaratdi. Mahalliy aholi va raqobatdosh Yevropa baliqchiliklarining ushbu hududlarda doimiy qolish uchun yangi shaharlar paydo boʻlishiga toʻsqinlik qildi va besh yildan soʻng ushbu hududlar tark etildi. Keyingi yarim asr davomida Newfoundlandda aholi punktlarini tashkil etishga boʻlgan bir nechta urinishlar ham muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009a116-101">[101]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Braziliya">Braziliya</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Braziliya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Braziliya">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> Kabral <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyani</a> kashf etgandan soʻng, <a href="/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya">Fransiya</a> ushbu hudud uchun Portugaliga raqobatchiga aylandi. 1503-yilda Gonçalo Coelho qoʻmondonligi ostidagi ekspeditsiya Braziliya qirgʻoqlarida fransuzlarning hujumlari haqida xabar berdi,<a href="#cite_note-HerringHerring214-102">[102]</a> va fransuz dengiz tadqiqotchisi Binot Paulmier de Gonneville bir yildan soʻng Braziliya janubida aloqa oʻrnatgandan soʻng brazilwood uchun savdo qildi<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerika</a> qirgʻoqlari boʻylab Francis I homiylik qilgan ekspeditsiyalar Tordesillas shartnomasini toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri buzdi<a href="#cite_note-PickettPickett14-104">[104]</a>. 1531-yilga kelib, fransuzlar Braziliya sohilidagi orol yaqinida savdo postini qurdilar<a href="#cite_note-PickettPickett14-104">[104]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/300px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/450px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png/600px-Philip_II%27s_realms_in_1598.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1598-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1598-yil">1598-yil</a> Portugaliya va Ispaniya qiroli Philip II vaqtida Iberiya ittifoqi</figcaption></figure> Fransuzlarning Braziliyada yogʻoch kontrabandasining kuchaytirishi João III ni ushbu hududni ichkariroq bosib olishga harakat qilishga majbur qildi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p76-105">[105]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1531-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1531-yil">1531-yilda</a> Martim Afonso de Sousa va uning ukasi Pero Lopes boshchiligidagi qirollik ekspeditsiyasi butun Braziliya qirgʻoqlarini qoʻriqlash, fransuzlarni hududdan quvib chiqarish va birinchi mustamlaka shahar — 1532-yilda San-Visenteni yaratish uchun joʻnab ketdilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008pp76-78-106">[106]</a>. Sousa bir yil oʻtgach, Hindiston gubernatori boʻlish uchun poytaxt <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonga</a> qaytib keldi va hech qachon Braziliyaga qaytib bormadi<a href="#cite_note-DeOliveira254-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p78-108">[108]</a>. Fransuz hujumlari portugaliyaliklarning Atlantika okeani boʻylab portugal kemalariga hujum qilishni toʻxtatish uchun fransuzlarga pul toʻlaganidan soʻng, maʼlum darajada toʻxtadi, ammo hujumlar 1560-yillarda ham muammo boʻlib qolaverdi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2005pp694-696-109">[109]</a>. Tomé de Sousa 1549-yilda „Barcha azizlar koʻrfazi“da <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyaning</a> poytaxti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Salvadorni</a> qurdi<a href="#cite_note-Mahoney246-110">[110]</a>. De Sousaning 1000 kishilik ekspeditsiyasi orasida askarlar, ishchilar va Manuel da Nobrega boshchiligidagi olti iyezuit bor edi<a href="#cite_note-Russell-Wood1968p47-111">[111]</a>. Iezuitlar Braziliyani mustamlaka qilishda, shu jumladan San-Visente va San-Pauluni egallashda muhim rol oʻynaydi<a href="#cite_note-Ladle185-112">[112]</a>. Iezuit missiyalari bilan birga mahalliy aholi orasiga koʻplab kasallik keldi, kasalliklar orasida vabo va chechak ham bor edi<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a>. Keyinchalik, fransuzlar Portugaliya hududi boʻlgan Guanabara koʻrfaziga joylashdilar, bu yer Fransiya Antarktidasi deb nomlandi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p86-114">[114]</a>. Portugaliya elchisi Fransiya bosqinchiligi haqida xabar berish uchun Parijga yuborilganida, Joao III Mem de Sáni Braziliyaning yangi general gubernatori etib tayinladi va Mem de Sá <a href="/wiki/1557-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1557-yil">1557-yilda</a> Braziliyaga joʻnab ketdi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p86-114">[114]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1560-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1560-yil">1560-yilga</a> kelib, Sá va uning kuchlari birlashgan <a href="/wiki/Gugenotlar" title="Gugenotlar">Gugenotlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalvinizm" title="Kalvinizm">Shotlandiya kalvinistlari</a> va qullar kuchlarini Fransiya Antarktikasidan haydab chiqarishdi. Ammo ularning istehkomlari va qishloqlarini yoqib yuborganlaridan keyin ham tirik qolganlar bu yerda yashashda davom etishdi. Bu omon qolganlar Gloriya koʻrfazi, Flamengo plyaji va Parapapua hududiga Tamoio aholisining yordami bilan joylashdilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p90-115">[115]</a>. Tamoio Fransiya Antarktidasida joylashganidan beri fransuzlar bilan ittifoqchi boʻlgan va 1560-yilda fransuzlar magʻlubiyatga uchraganiga qaramay, Tamoio hali ham xavf ostida edi<a href="#cite_note-Treece31-116">[116]</a>. Ular 1561 va 1564-yillarda portugallarga qarshi ikkita hujum uyushtirdilar (oxirgi voqea fransuzlarga yordam berdi) va har birida deyarli muvaffaqiyatga erishdilar<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008pp91-92-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>. Bu vaqtga kelib, Manuel de Nóbrega hamkasbi iyezuit José de Anchieta bilan birgalikda Tamoioga hujumlar ishtirokchisiga aylandi<a href="#cite_note-Treece31-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marley2008pp91-92-117">[117]</a>. 1565-yildan 1567-yilgacha Mem de Sá va uning qoʻshinlari Guanabara koʻrfazida Fransiya Antarktidasini vayron qilishdi. 1565-yilda Mem de Sá ushbu hududlarni „São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro“ deb atay boshladi<a href="#cite_note-Marley2008p96-119">[119]</a> va uning jiyani Estácio de Sá 1567-yilda <a href="/wiki/Rio-de-Janeyro" title="Rio-de-Janeyro">Rio-de-Janeyro</a> shahriga asos soldi. <a href="/wiki/1575-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1575-yil">1575-yilga</a> kelib Tamoi toʻliq boʻysindirilgandi va hudud yoʻq boʻlib ketgandi<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz1973p41-120">[120]</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Portugal_(1667).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281667%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya bayrogʻi (1667-1706). XV-XIX asrlardan boshlab Portugaliya bayroqlarining barchasi shunga oʻxshash boʻlgan.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iberiya_ittifoqi">Iberiya ittifoqi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Iberiya ittifoqi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Iberiya ittifoqi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/1580-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1580-yil">1580-yilda</a> Iberiya ittifoqi tufayli Portugaliya qoʻshni <a href="/wiki/Ispaniya_imperiyasi" title="Ispaniya imperiyasi">Ispaniya imperiyasi</a> bilan yagona monarx hukmronligi ostida birlashadi. 1640-yilda mamlakat mustaqillikka erishdi. Portugal-Ispaniya ittifoqining 60 yili davomida Portugaliyaning yangi dengiz kuchi Gollandiya bilan Osiyo, Afrika va Lotin Amerikasidagi mustamlakalar uchun eng qizgʻin kurashlarni olib bordi. Bu kurashlarda portugallar davlat tomonidan qoʻllab-quvvatlanmadi. Ispaniya monarxlari, birinchi navbatda, ispan koloniyalarini himoya qilish va kengaytirishga eʼtibor qaratdilar<a href="#cite_note-Kamen177-121">[121]</a>. XVI asr oxirida portugallar katta kuch va gʻayrat bilan Osiyoga tobora chuqurroq kirib borishda davom etdilar<a href="#cite_note-Boyajian11-122">[122]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> shahridan muvofiqlashtirilgan ekspeditsiyalar Janubiy va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda Portugaliya taʼsirini yoyishga muvaffaq boʻldi. Ammo gollandlar bilan Osiyo hududlari uchun boʻlib oʻtgan koʻplab janglarda portugallar magʻlubiyatga uchrashi, ularning Osiyodagi taʼsirini birmuncha pasaytirdi. Magʻlubiyatlarning sabablaridan biri ispan monarxlarning portugallarga yordam bermasliklar hisoblanadi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson104-105-123">[123]</a>. Shahzoda Morits Gollandiyaning <a href="/wiki/Vest-Indiya" title="Vest-Indiya">Vest-Indiya</a> kompaniyasi bilan boʻlgan janglarda katta magʻlubiyatlarga uchradi. Natijada, Braziliyada Gollandiya mustamlakalari shakllana boshladi. Portugallar San-Tome oroli, Oltin sohildagi San-Xorxe-da-Mina qal’asi va Luanda shahrini ham qoldan chiqarishdi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto111,117-124">[124]</a>. Garchi ittifoq parchalanib, milliy davlatchilik tiklanganidan soʻng, 1654-yilga kelib Portugaliya Braziliya va Luanda ustidan oʻz hokimiyatini tikladi<a href="#cite_note-Thomas159-125">[125]</a>, ammo Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi davomiy kengayish gollandlar tomonidan toʻxtatildi. Shunday qilib <a href="/wiki/1859-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1859-yil">1859-yilgi</a> Lissabon shartnomasida imzolangan hujjatga koʻra butun boshli <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziyadan</a> faqatgini Sharqiy Timor portugallar qoʻlida qoldi<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikkinchi_imperiya_(1663—1822)">Ikkinchi imperiya (1663—1822)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ikkinchi imperiya (1663—1822)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ikkinchi imperiya (1663—1822)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/220px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/330px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/440px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya Hindistoni (1502—1961)</figcaption></figure> Portugaliya oʻz mustamlakalarining qoʻldan boy berilishida Ispaniyani aybdor deb hisoblardi va aynan shu sabab oʻzaro ittifoqning barham topishiga olib keldi. <a href="/wiki/1640-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1640-yil">1640-yilda</a> John IV Portugaliya qiroli deb eʼlon qilindi va Portugaliyani qayta tiklash urushi boshlandi. <a href="/wiki/1643-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1643-yil">1643-yilda</a> Portugaliyaning chetdagi mustamlakalari uchun boshqaruv organi boʻlgan Chet el kengashi tuzildi. Bu kengashda Shimoliy Afrika, Madeyra va Azor orollari istisno edi. Chet eldagi mulklarga oid barcha yozishmalar kengash orqali olib borildi<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a>. Portugal sudi 1807-yilda <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleonning</a> Iberiyaga bostirib kirishi ortidan Braziliyaga qochib ketganida, Braziliya kengash yurisdiktsiyasidan chiqarildi<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a>. 1661-yilda portugallar Angliyaga Bombay va Tanjerni berishdi va keyingi yuz yillarda inglizlar asta-sekin boshqa kuchlarning savdosini istisno qilib, Hindistonda dominant savdogarga aylandilar. 1668-yilda Ispaniya Iberiya ittifoqining tugaganligini tan oldi va buning evaziga Portugaliya Seutani Ispaniyaga berdi<a href="#cite_note-Cowans2003-129">[129]</a>. Portugaliyaliklar <a href="/wiki/Marathalar_davlati" title="Marathalar davlati">Marathalar davlatining</a> hind hukmdori Chimnaji Appa va Keladi Nayaka qirolligidan Shivappa Nayaka tomonidan magʻlubiyatga uchragach va gollandlar bilan toʻqnashuvlar oxirida <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> va Hindistondagi bir nechta kichik hududlarni oʻz qoʻlida saqlab qola oldi<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed330-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a>. Braziliya va Afrikadagi mustamlakalarini qaytarib olishga muvaffaq boʻldi, ammo ingliz, fransuz va gollandlarning Osiyodagi savdo punktlarini egallashi natijasida oʻzining eski kuchini butunlay yoʻqotdi. Shunday qilib Portugaliya uchun faqat bir yoʻnalish, Braziliya yogʻochlari va shakarlari ahamiyati ortib bordi<a href="#cite_note-BethencourtCurto111,117-124">[124]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minas-Jerais_va_oltin_sanoati">Minas-Jerais va oltin sanoati</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Minas-Jerais va oltin sanoati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Minas-Jerais va oltin sanoati">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/170px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/255px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg/340px-Oscar_Pereira_da_Silva_-_Sess%C3%A3o_das_Cortes_De_Lisboa%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3093" /></a><figcaption>Portugal korteslari Birlashgan Qirollikni tarqatib yuborishga intildi.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/1693-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1693-yil">1693-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyaning</a> <a href="/wiki/Minas-Jerais" title="Minas-Jerais">Minas-Jerais</a> shahrida oltin topilgan. Minas-Jerais, Mato Grosso va Goyasda oltin va keyinchalik olmosning topilishi katta shov-shuvlarga sabab boʻldi. Qishloq imperiyaning yangi iqtisodiy markazi boʻldi va bu yerga tezlik bilan oʻrnashildi<a href="#cite_note-Boxer168-133">[133]</a>. Bu oltin koni ichki bozorni yaratishga olib keldi va koʻplab muhojirlarni jalb qildi. <a href="/wiki/1739-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1739-yil">1739-yilga</a> kelib, togʻ-kon sanoatining eng yuqori choʻqqisi boʻlgan Minas-Jerais aholisi 200,000 dan 250,000 gacha edi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b268-69-134">[134]</a>. Ushbu oltin koni Portugaliya imperiyasining daromadini sezilarli darajada oshirdi va barcha qazib olingan rudalarning 1/5 qismini tashkil etdi. Oltin uchun koʻplab janjal va urushlar ham boʻlib oʻtdi. Hukumat, shuningdek, olmos qazib olishni oʻz yurisdiktsiyasi doirasida va xususiy pudratchilarga cheklab qoʻydi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b273-275-135">[135]</a>. Oltinni katta miqdorda qazib olishga qaramasdan, plantatsiya sanoati bu davrda Braziliya uchun yetakchi eksportga aylandi. Shakar 1760-yilda eksportning 50 % ni (oltin 46 %) tashkil etdi<a href="#cite_note-Bethell203-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b267-68-137">[137]</a>. Mato Grosso va Goyasda topilgan oltin mustamlakaning gʻarbiy chegaralarini mustahkamlashga qiziqish uygʻotdi. 1730-yillarda ispan savdo postlari bilan toʻqnashuvlar tez-tez sodir boʻldi va keyin ispanlar harbiy ekspeditsiya boshlash bilan tahdid qilishdi. Ispanlarning rejasi amalga oshmadi va 1750-yillarga kelib, butun hududda portugallarning yakkahokimligi oʻrnatildi<a href="#cite_note-Disney2009b288-138">[138]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1755-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1755-yil">1755-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonda</a> halokatli zilzila sodir boʻldi, sunami bilan birga 275,000 aholidan 40,000 dan 60,000 gacha odamni oʻlimiga sabab boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-KozakCermak131-139">[139]</a>. Bu esa Portugaliyaning mustamlakalarga eʼtiborini biroz susaytirishiga olib keldi<a href="#cite_note-Ramasamy2006-140">[140]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Braziliya_mustaqilligi">Braziliya mustaqilligi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Braziliya mustaqilligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Braziliya mustaqilligi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="34130" data-file-height="18254" /></a><figcaption>Braziliya mustaqilligi Portugaliya imperiyasini ham iqtisodiy, ham siyosiy jihatdan uzoq vaqt tanazzulga soldi.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/1808-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1808-yil">1808-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonapart</a> Portugaliyaga bostirib kirdi va shundan soʻng ona qirolicha Mari I qirollik saroyini Braziliyaga oʻtkazishni buyurdi. 1815-yilda <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliya</a> qirollik maqomiga koʻtarildi. Portugaliya davlati rasman Portugaliya, Braziliya va Algarves Birlashgan qirolligiga aylandi va poytaxt <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabondan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rio-de-Janeyro" title="Rio-de-Janeyro">Rio-de-Janeyroga</a> koʻchirildi. Ushbu davlat Yevropa davlatining oʻz mustamlakalaridan birida boshqariladigan yagona misol hisoblanadi. Shuningdek, 1820-yilgi liberal inqilobdan keyin <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonda</a> yigʻilgan Portugaliya Konstitutsiyaviy sudlari parlamentiga Braziliya vakillarini saylash ham boʻlib oʻtdi<a href="#cite_note-Bethell177-178-141">[141]</a>. Garchi qirol oilasi <a href="/wiki/1821-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1821-yil">1821-yilda</a> Portugaliyaga qaytgan boʻlsa-da, braziliyaliklar orasida mustaqillikka intilishning kuchayishiga olib keldi. 1822-yilda Dom João VI ning oʻgʻli shahzoda Dom Pedro I 1822-yil 7-sentabrda Braziliya mustaqilligini eʼlon qildi va yangi Braziliya imperiyasining imperatori lavozimini egalladi. Ispaniyaning Janubiy Amerikadagi mustamlakalaridan farqli oʻlaroq, Braziliya mustaqilligiga jiddiy qon toʻkmagan holda erishdi<a href="#cite_note-Angus1837-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levine2003-143">[143]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uchinchi_imperiya_(1822—1999)">Uchinchi imperiya (1822—1999)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Uchinchi imperiya (1822—1999)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Uchinchi imperiya (1822—1999)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Jesuit_Convent,_Macao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/220px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/330px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg/440px-Jesuit_Convent%2C_Macao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaodagi</a> Avliyo Paul koleji koʻrinishi. (1854)</figcaption></figure> XIX asrda Yevropa mustamlakachiligi avjiga chiqqanida Portugaliya Osiyodagi bir nechta mustamlakasidan tashqar Janubiy Amerika va barcha hududlarini yoʻqotgan edi. Ushbu bosqichda Portugal mustamlakachiligi Afrikadagi oʻz mustamlakalarini u yerdagi boshqa Yevropa kuchlari bilan raqobat qilish uchun milliy hududlarga kengaytirishga eʼtibor qaratdi. Portugaliya <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> va <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikning</a> ichki qismiga bostirib kirdi va tadqiqotchilar Serpa Pinto, Hermenegildo Kapelo va Roberto Ivens Afrikani gʻarbdan sharq tomonga kesib oʻtgan birinchi yevropaliklar boʻldi<a href="#cite_note-Newitt1995pp335-336-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Corrado18-145">[145]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britaniya_ultimatumi_va_Portugaliya_monarxiyasining_tugashi_(1890—1910)">Britaniya ultimatumi va Portugaliya monarxiyasining tugashi (1890—1910)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Britaniya ultimatumi va Portugaliya monarxiyasining tugashi (1890—1910)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Britaniya ultimatumi va Portugaliya monarxiyasining tugashi (1890—1910)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Map" class="extiw" title="en:Pink Map">Pushti xarita</a>, yaʼni ikki mustamlakani birlashtirish Portugaliya 1880-yillardagi siyosatining asosiy maqsadlaridan biri hisoblanardi<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-146">[146]</a>. Biroq, bu gʻoya <a href="/wiki/Qohira" title="Qohira">Qohiradan</a> <a href="/wiki/Keyptaun" title="Keyptaun">Keyptaungacha</a> boʻlgan hududni oʻz qoʻlida toʻplagan qoʻshni Britaniya uchun qabul qilinishi mumkin emas edi. 1890-yilgi Britaniya ultimatumi Portugaliya qiroli Carlos I ga qoʻyildi va Pushti xarita tugatildi<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-146">[146]</a>. Qirolning ultimatumga munosabatidan respublikachilar foydalanishdi<a href="#cite_note-Lisboa134-146">[146]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1908-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1908-yil">1908-yil</a> <a href="/wiki/1-fevral" title="1-fevral">1-fevralda</a> qirol Carlos va shahzoda Luis Filipe <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabonda</a> portugaliyalik ikki faol inqilobchi Alfredo Luis da Kosta va Manuel Buisa tomonidan oʻldirildi. Luis Filipening ukasi Manuel Portugaliya qiroli Manuel II boʻldi. Ikki yil oʻtgach, 1910-yil 5-oktabrda u taxtdan agʻdarildi va Angliyaga London yaqinidagi Twickenham qochib ketdi va Portugaliya respublikaga aylandi<a href="#cite_note-Wheeler48-61-147">[147]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birinchi_jahon_urushi">Birinchi jahon urushi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Birinchi jahon urushi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Birinchi jahon urushi">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Chaimite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chaimite.jpg/220px-Chaimite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chaimite.jpg/330px-Chaimite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Chaimite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>XIX asrda Portugaliya Portugaliya Afrikasida hokimiyatini mustahkamlash uchun yangi safarlarni boshladi.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/1914-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1914-yil">1914-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Germaniya_imperiyasi" title="Germaniya imperiyasi">Germaniya imperiyasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolani</a> Portugaliya nazoratidan tortib olish rejalarini ishlab chiqdi<a href="#cite_note-Vincent-Smith1974-148">[148]</a>. Portugal va nemis askarlari oʻrtasida toʻqnashuvlar kelib chiqdi, asosiy hududdan qoʻshimcha kuchlar yuborildi<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a>. Kelgan askarlarning asosiy maqsadi Germaniya tomonidan boʻysundirilgan Mozambik shimolidagi Kionga uchburchagini qaytarib olish edi. <a href="/wiki/1916-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1916-yil">1916-yilda</a> Portugaliya nemis kemalarini Lissabonda internatsiya qilganidan keyin Germaniya Portugaliyaga urush eʼlon qildi. Portugaliya ham bunga javoban urush eʼlon qildi va shu tariqa <a href="/wiki/Birinchi_jahon_urushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Birinchi jahon urushi">Birinchi jahon urushiga</a> kirdi<a href="#cite_note-Wheeler128-150">[150]</a>. Urushning boshida Portugaliya asosan <a href="/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya">Fransiyada</a> joylashgan ittifoqchilarga yordam koʻrsatish bilan shugʻullangan. 1916-yilda Portugaliya hududiga faqat bitta, Madeyraga hujum boʻldi. 1917-yilda Portugaliya tomonidan amalga oshirilgan harakatlardan biri urush harakatlari uchun zarur boʻlgan yogʻoch sanoatida Britaniyaga yordam berishdan iborat boʻlgan. Kanada oʻrmon xoʻjaligi korpusi bilan bir qatorda, Portugaliya xodimlari hozirda „Portugal kamini“ deb ataladigan hududda daraxt kesish infratuzilmasini oʻrnatdilar<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1917-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1917-yil">1917-yil</a> davomida Portugaliya Fransiyadagi ittifoqchilar frontiga qoʻshinlar yubordi. Yil oʻrtalarida Portugaliya Birinchi jahon urushidagi birinchi qurbon boʻldi. Portugaliya Afrikasida Portugaliya va inglizlar Mozambik va Angolada nemislarga qarshi koʻplab janglar olib borishdi. Yil oxirida kemalar yana Portugaliya suvlariga kirishdi va yana Madeyraga hujum qilib, bir nechta portugal kemalarini choʻktirishdi. 1918-yil boshida Portugaliya ittifoqdosh frontda Germaniyaga qarshi kurashni davom ettirdi, shu jumladan La Lys jangida qatnashdi<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a>. Kuz vaqtida Germaniya ham Portugaliyaning bir nechta kemasini choʻktirdi. Taxminan uch yillik janglardan soʻng (Portugaliya nuqtai nazaridan) Birinchi jahon urushi Germaniya tomonidan sulh shartnomasi imzolanishi bilan yakunlandi. Versal konfrensiyasida Portugaliya Tanzaniyadagi port shahri boʻlgan Kiongadan tashqari oʻzining barcha yoʻqotilgan hududlari ustidan nazoratni qayta tikladi<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>. Afrikadagi Portugaliya hududlari <a href="/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde">Kabo-Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/San-Tome_va_Prinsipi" title="San-Tome va Prinsipi">San-Tome va Prinsipi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gvineya-Bisau" title="Gvineya-Bisau">Gvineya-Bisau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> va <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikni</a> oʻz ichiga oldi<a href="#cite_note-Koffi2012-154">[154]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dekolonizatsiya_(1951—1999)">Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Dekolonizatsiya (1951—1999)">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/220px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/330px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png/440px-Portuguese_Empire_20th_century.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>XX asrda Portugaliya endi oʻzini imperiya emas, balki xorijdagi provinsiyalari boʻlgan koʻp qitʼa davlati deb atagan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/220px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/330px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg/440px-Antonio_Salazar-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> koʻp qitʼaviy Portugaliyani saqlab qolishga intildi.</figcaption></figure> Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyin Yevropa davlatlarining imperiyalarida mustamlakachilikka qarshi harakatlari kuchaya boshladi. Sovuq urush Portugaliyaning xorijdagi aholisi oʻrtasida ham beqarorlikni keltirib chiqardi, chunki Qoʻshma Shtatlar va Sovet Ittifoqi oʻz taʼsir doiralarini oshirish uchun kurashdilar. <a href="/wiki/1947-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1947-yil">1947-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya">Angliya</a> tomonidan <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindistonga</a> mustaqillik berilganidan keyin va Fransiya Hindistondagi anklavlarni yangi mustaqil davlat tarkibiga qoʻshishga ruxsat berish toʻgʻrisidagi qaroridan keyin Portugaliyaga ham xuddi shunday qilish uchun bosim oʻtkazildi<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>. Bunga <a href="/wiki/1933-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1933-yil">1933-yilda</a> hokimiyatni qoʻlga olgan António de Oliveira Salazar qarshilik koʻrsatdi. Salazar 1950-yilda anklavlarni Portugaliyaning ajralmas qismi sifatida koʻrib, Hindiston Bosh vaziri <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Neru" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Neru">Jawaharlal Neruning</a> qaytarish haqidagi iltimosini rad etdi<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a>. Keyingi yili Portugaliya konstitutsiyasiga mustamlakalarning maqomini xorijdagi provinsiyalarga oʻzgartirish uchun oʻzgartirish kiritildi. <a href="/wiki/1954-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1954-yil">1954-yilda</a> mahalliy qoʻzgʻolon Hindistonning Dadra va Nagar Xaveli anklavlarida Portugaliya hukumatining agʻdarilishiga olib keldi. Hindistonda qolgan Portugaliya mustamlakalarining mavjudligi tobora kuchsizlanib bordi va Neru Hindistonning deyarli barcha ichki siyosiy partiyalari, shuningdek, Sovet Ittifoqi va uning ittifoqchilari tomonidan qoʻllab-quvvatlandi. 1961-yilda Angolada portugallarga qarshi qoʻzgʻolondan koʻp oʻtmay, Neru Hindiston armiyasiga <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daman_va_Diu" title="Daman va Diu">Daman va Diuga</a> hujum qilish buyrugʻini berdi va ular tezda egallandi va keyingi yili rasman anneksiya qilindi. Salazar hududlarni shunchaki bosib olingan deb hisoblab, suverenitetning oʻtkazilishini tan olishdan bosh tortdi. Goa viloyati 1974-yilgacha Portugaliya Milliy Assambleyasida qatnashishda davom etdi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson153-157">[157]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1961-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1961-yil">1961-yil</a> fevral oyida <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolada</a> Portugaliya zoʻravonligining boshlanishi Afrikadagi Portugaliya imperiyasi tugashining boshlanishi edi. Angoladagi Portugaliya armiyasi zobitlari partizanlarni urush boshlanishi bilan harbiy jihatdan kurashishga qodir emasligini aytib, muzokaralar mustaqillik harakati bilan boshlanishi kerak, degan fikrda edi. Biroq, Salazar imperiyani daxlsiz saqlashga qatʼiy qaror qilganligini oshkora eʼlon qildi va yil oxiriga kelib u yerga 50,000 qoʻshin joylashtirdi. Oʻsha yili Gʻarbiy Afrika qul savdosining qoldigʻi boʻlgan Ouida shahridagi kichik Portugaliya qal’asi San João Baptista de Ajuda Fransiyadan mustaqillikka erishgan Dahomey (hozirgi <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>) yangi hukumati tomonidan qoʻshib olindi. Angolada boshlangan mustaqillik harakatlari tez orada boshqa mustamlakalarga ham yoyildi va <a href="/wiki/1963-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1963-yil">1963-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Gvineya" title="Gvineya">Gvineyada</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1964-yil">1964-yilda</a> <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambikda</a> shunday harakatlar boʻlib oʻtdi<a href="#cite_note-Anderson153-157">[157]</a>. Angola va Mozambikdagi fuqarolar urushlari zudlik bilan boshlanib ketdi, sobiq isyonchilar (Sovet Ittifoqi va Kuba tomonidan qoʻllangan) tomonidan tuzilgan kommunistik hukumatlar Zair, Janubiy Afrika va Qoʻshma Shtatlar kabi davlatlar tomonidan qoʻllab-quvvatlangan isyonchi guruhlarga qarshi kurashdi<a href="#cite_note-ArnoldWiener11-12-158">[158]</a>. Sharqiy Timor ham 1975-yilda oʻz mustaqilligini eʼlon qildi. Ammo <a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Timor" title="Sharqiy Timor">Sharqiy Timor</a> tezda qoʻshni <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a> tomonidan bosib olindi va <a href="/wiki/1999-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1999-yil">1999-yilda</a> davlat tarkibiga qoʻshib olindi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti homiyligidagi referendum natijasida Sharqiy Timorliklarning aksariyati mustaqillikni tanladi va nihoyat 2002-yilda ular oʻz mustaqilligiga erishdi. <a href="/wiki/Makao" title="Makao">Makaoning</a> 1999-yil 20-dekabrda topshirilishi rasman Portugaliya imperiyasining tugatilishi va Osiyodagi mustamlakachilikning barham topishini belgilab berdi<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>. <a href="/wiki/1987-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1987-yil">1987-yilda</a> Portugaliya Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi bilan Xitoy-Portugaliya qoʻshma deklaratsiyasini imzoladi va uning xorijda qolgan soʻnggi mulki boʻlgan Makao suverenitetini topshirish jarayoni va shartlarini belgiladi. Bu jarayon ikki yil avval Birlashgan Qirollik va Xitoy oʻrtasidagi Gonkong boʻyicha kelishuvga oʻxshash boʻlsa-da, Portugaliyaning mulki Makaoning Xitoyga oʻtkazilishi Gonkongning Xitoyga oʻtkazilishiga qaraganda kamroq qarshilikka duch keldi. Chunki Portugaliya allaqachon Makaoni <a href="/wiki/1979-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1979-yil">1979-yilda</a> Portugaliya qoʻl ostidagi Xitoy hududi sifatida tan olgan edi<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meros">Meros</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Meros" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Meros">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:CPLP_-_Mapa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/330px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/495px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CPLP_-_Mapa.svg/660px-CPLP_-_Mapa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Portugal tilida soʻzlashuvchi mamlakatlar hamjamiyatining xaritasi (CPLP)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:The_Portuguese_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/330px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/495px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/The_Portuguese_Empire.png/660px-The_Portuguese_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Portugaliya imperiyasining bir qismi boʻlgan kamida bitta hududga ega mamlakatlar</figcaption></figure> Portugaliyaning 7 ta sobiq mustamlakalarida <a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugal tili</a> rasmiy til sifatida qabul qilingan. Portugaliya bilan birgalikda ular portugal tilida soʻzlashuvchi mamlakatlar hamjamiyatiga aʼzo boʻlib, ular jami 10,742,000 km² yoki Yer hududining 7,2 % ni tashkil qiladi<a href="#cite_note-CPLP-162">[162]</a>. Portugal tilini uchinchi rasmiy til sifatida qabul qilgan <a href="/wiki/Ekvatorial_Gvineya" title="Ekvatorial Gvineya">Ekvatorial Gvineya</a> hozirda <a href="/wiki/Mavrikiy" title="Mavrikiy">Mavrikiy</a> va <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> bilan birga ushbu tashkilotning kuzatuvchisi hisoblanadi. Bundan tashqari, oʻn ikkita nomzod mamlakat ushbu hamjamiyatga qoʻshilish uchun ariza topshirgan va tasdiqlanishini kutmoqda. Bugungi kunda <a href="/wiki/Portugal_tili" title="Portugal tili">portugal tili</a> dunyodagi asosiy tillardan biri boʻlib, dunyo boʻylab 240 millionga yaqin soʻzlashuvchiga ega va 6-oʻrinda turadi. Bu til Amerika qitʼasidagi uchinchi eng koʻp gapiriladigan til hisoblanadi, asosan Braziliya aholisi tufayli. Bundan tashqari, koʻplab portugal tiliga asoslangan kreol tillari mavjud, shu jumladan Malakkadagi Cristang hamjamiyatining aholisi foydalanadigan til<a href="#cite_note-lingpt-163">[163]</a>. Shuningdek, Afrikadagi koʻplab sobiq mustamlaka mulklarida lingua franca va 8 ta davlatda rasmiy til, shuningdek, Makao maʼmuriy hududida kanton tili bilan birga rasmiy til hisoblanadi. Portugal tili Yaponiyada ham oʻz taʼsirini qoldirdi. Bugungi kunda yapon tili leksikologiyasida bir qancha kelib chiqishi portugalcha boʻlgan soʻzlar mavjud. Portugallar dunyoning koʻplab hududlarida ulkan insoniy, madaniy va maʼnaviy meros qoldirdi. <a href="/wiki/1527-yil" class="mw-redirect" title="1527-yil">1527-yilda</a> atigi 1,2 million aholiga ega boʻlgan Portugaliya xalqi dunyoga tarqaldi va koʻplab yangi hududlarga va sivilizatsiyalarga asos soldilar<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> C. Bloomer, Kristin. Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India. Oxford University Press, 2018 — 14-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780190615093" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780190615093">ISBN 9780190615093</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Possessed+by+the+Virgin%3A+Hinduism%2C+Roman+Catholicism%2C+and+Marian+Possession+in+South+India&rft.aulast=C.+Bloomer&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=14 &rft.isbn=9780190615093">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> J. Russo, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanhistoryf0000russ">American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanhistoryf0000russ/page/314">314</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780275968960" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780275968960">ISBN 9780275968960</a>. „the Church of England was a " state church " in the colonies the way it indisputably was in England, and as the Roman Catholic Church was in the neighboring Spanish and Portuguese empires.“<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+History+from+a+Global+Perspective%3A+An+Interpretation&rft.aulast=J.+Russo&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanhistoryf0000russ%2Fpage%2F314+314%5D &rft.isbn=9780275968960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanhistoryf0000russ">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PageSonnenburg481-3"><a href="#cite_ref-PageSonnenburg481_3-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003">Page & Sonnenburg 2003</a>, s. 481 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockeyxv-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Brockeyxv_4-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrockey2008">Brockey 2008</a>, s. xv harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrockey2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-JuangMorrissette894-5"><a href="#cite_ref-JuangMorrissette894_5-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJuangMorrissette2008">Juang & Morrissette 2008</a>, s. 894 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJuangMorrissette2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius301-6"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius301_6-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 301 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt2005p15-17-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt2005p15-17_7-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, ss. 15–17 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt19-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Newitt19_8-0">8,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newitt19_8-1">8,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 19 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a href="#refAbernethy">Abernethy</a>, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt21-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt21_10-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 21 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius55-11">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius55_11-0">11,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius55_11-1">11,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 55 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius56-12"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius56_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 56 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>): Henry, a product of 15th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson50-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson50_13-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 50 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Coates60-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Coates60_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoates2002">Coates 2002</a>, s. 60 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCoates2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> L.S. Stavrianos, The World since 1500: a Global history (1966) pp. 92-93 </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius68-16"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius68_16-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 68 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Daus33-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Daus33_17-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDaus1983">Daus 1983</a>, s. 33 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer29-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer29_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 29 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell-Wood1998p9-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell-Wood1998p9_19-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussell-Wood1998">Russell-Wood 1998</a>, s. 9 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRussell-Wood1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodriguez79-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodriguez79_20-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2007">Rodriguez 2007</a>, s. 79 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRodriguez2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius469-21"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius469_21-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 469 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Godinho, V. M. Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa </li> <li id="cite_note-Ponting482-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Ponting482_23-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPonting2000">Ponting 2000</a>, s. 482 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPonting2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis84-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis84_24-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2006">Davis 2006</a>, s. 84 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDavis2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BethencourtCurto232-25"><a href="#cite_ref-BethencourtCurto232_25-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007">Bethencourt & Curto 2007</a>, s. 232 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-White138-26"><a href="#cite_ref-White138_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhite2005">White 2005</a>, s. 138 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWhite2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-GannDuignan273-27"><a href="#cite_ref-GannDuignan273_27-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGannDuignan1972">Gann & Duignan 1972</a>, s. 273 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGannDuignan1972 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius156-28"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius156_28-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 156 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson59-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson59_29-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 59 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt47-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt47_30-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 47 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson55-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson55_31-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 55 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlister73-75-32"><a href="#cite_ref-McAlister73-75_32-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAlister1984">McAlister 1984</a>, ss. 73–75 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAlister1984 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BethencourtCurto165-33"><a href="#cite_ref-BethencourtCurto165_33-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007">Bethencourt & Curto 2007</a>, s. 165 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius174-34"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius174_34-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 174 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius176-35"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius176_35-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 176 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer36-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer36_36-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 36 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius176-185-37"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius176-185_37-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 176–185 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlister75-38"><a href="#cite_ref-McAlister75_38-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAlister1984">McAlister 1984</a>, s. 75 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAlister1984 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-McAlister76-39"><a href="#cite_ref-McAlister76_39-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcAlister1984">McAlister 1984</a>, s. 76 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAlister1984 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius274,320-323-40"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius274,320-323_40-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 274, 320–323 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/thangasseri-kollam/296">„Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala“</a>. Kerala Tourism. </li> <li id="cite_note-Abeyasinghe2-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Abeyasinghe2_42-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbeyasinghe1986">Abeyasinghe 1986</a>, s. 2 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAbeyasinghe1986 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b128-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b128_43-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, s. 128 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius233,235-44"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius233,235_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 233, 235 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Macmillan11-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Macmillan11_45-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacmillan2000">Macmillan 2000</a>, s. 11 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMacmillan2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius237-239-46"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius237-239_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 237–239 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b128-29-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b128-29_47-0">47,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b128-29_47-1">47,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, ss. 128–129 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius245-247-48"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius245-247_48-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, ss. 245–247 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Subrahmanyam67-83-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Subrahmanyam67-83_49-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSubrahmanyam2012">Subrahmanyam 2012</a>, ss. 67–83 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSubrahmanyam2012 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b129-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b129_50-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, s. 129 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius238-51"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius238_51-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 238 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Shastry34-45-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Shastry34-45_52-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShastry2000">Shastry 2000</a>, ss. 34–45 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShastry2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b130-53">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b130_53-0">53,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b130_53-1">53,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, s. 130 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-deSouza220-54"><a href="#cite_ref-deSouza220_54-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Souza1990">de Souza 1990</a>, s. 220 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFde_Souza1990 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehta291-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Mehta291_55-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMehta1980">Mehta 1980</a>, s. 291 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMehta1980 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricklefs23-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Ricklefs23_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRicklefs1991">Ricklefs 1991</a>, s. 23 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRicklefs1991 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kratoska2004p98-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2004p98_57-0">57,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2004p98_57-1">57,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKratoska2004">Kratoska 2004</a>, s. 98 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKratoska2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gipouloux2011p301-302-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Gipouloux2011p301-302_58-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGipouloux2011">Gipouloux 2011</a>, ss. 301–302 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGipouloux2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt2005p78-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt2005p78_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt2005">Newitt 2005</a>, s. 78 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2009p202-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2009p202_60-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOoi2009">Ooi 2009</a>, s. 202 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOoi2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lach520-521-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Lach520-521_61-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLach1994">Lach 1994</a>, ss. 520–521 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLach1994 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 800 </li> <li id="cite_note-QuanchiRobson2005-63"><a href="#cite_ref-QuanchiRobson2005_63-0">↑</a> Quanchi, Max; Robson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FUwDzM94jGUC">Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands</a>. Scarecrow Press, 2005 — xliii-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8108-6528-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8108-6528-0">ISBN 978-0-8108-6528-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Discovery+and+Exploration+of+the+Pacific+Islands&rft.aulast=Quanchi&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.pages=xliii &rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6528-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFUwDzM94jGUC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris225-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris225_65-0">↑</a> Harris, Jonathan Gil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4i7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225">The First Firangis</a>. Aleph Book Company, 2015 — 225-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-93-83064-91-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-93-83064-91-5">ISBN 978-93-83064-91-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Firangis&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Gil&rft.pub=Aleph+Book+Company&rft.pages=225 &rft.isbn=978-93-83064-91-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY4i7BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT225"> [sayt ishlamaydi] </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King. The Cambridge History of China, 1978 — 336-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9">ISBN 978-0-521-24333-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China&rft.aulast=Twitchett&rft.aufirst=Denis+Crispin&rft.pages=336 &rft.isbn=978-0-521-24333-9">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Edmonds2002-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Edmonds2002_67-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXoFscQ2QwsC">China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective</a>. Cambridge University Press, September 2002 — 1-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-52403-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-52403-2">ISBN 978-0-521-52403-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+Europe+Since+1978%3A+A+European+Perspective&rft.date=September+2002&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=1 &rft.isbn=978-0-521-52403-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXoFscQ2QwsC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward2008-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Ward2008_68-0">↑</a> Ward, Gerald W.R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mkJfbdTS--UC">The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art</a>. Oxford University Press, 2008 — 37-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-531391-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-531391-8">ISBN 978-0-19-531391-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Materials+and+Techniques+in+Art&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Gerald+W.R.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=37 &rft.isbn=978-0-19-531391-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkJfbdTS--UC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleason2007-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Gleason2007_69-0">↑</a> Gleason, Carrie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o-54TjlhrfIC">The Biography of Tea</a>. Crabtree Publishing Company, 2007 — 12-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7787-2493-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7787-2493-3">ISBN 978-0-7787-2493-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+of+Tea&rft.aulast=Gleason&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.pub=Crabtree+Publishing+Company&rft.pages=12 &rft.isbn=978-0-7787-2493-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do-54TjlhrfIC">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010. pp. 20-21 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> Hong Kong & Macau By Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002. p. 195 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://algarvedailynews.com/features/history/4372-tne-portuguese-in-the-far-east">„Tne Portuguese in the Far East“</a>. Algarvedailynews.com. 2013-yil 30-yanvarda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130144843/http://algarvedailynews.com/features/history/4372-tne-portuguese-in-the-far-east">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 18-aprel. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2013-01-30 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130144843/http://algarvedailynews.com/features/history/4372-tne-portuguese-in-the-far-east">arxivlangan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/119676.htm">„'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display“</a>. www.china.org.cn. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> p. 343-344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&lpg=PA344&dq=Leonel%20de%20Sousa%20Macau&pg=PA344#v=onepage&q=Leonel%20de%20Sousa%20Macau&f=false">The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8</a>, Cambridge University Press, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-24333-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-24333-5">ISBN 0-521-24333-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-75"><a href="#cite_ref-smithsonianmag.com_75-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">„When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine“</a>. Smithsonianmag.com. 2012-yil 25-dekabrda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225010332/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 18-aprel. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2012-12-25 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225010332/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/portugal_exhibit.html">arxivlangan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus5-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Jesus5_76-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJesus1902">Jesus 1902</a>, s. 5 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJesus1902 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodge226-77">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_77-0">77,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_77-1">77,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodge226_77-2">77,2</a> <a href="#CITEREFDodge1976">Dodge 1976</a>, s. 226 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDodge1976 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiteway339-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Whiteway339_78-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhiteway1899">Whiteway 1899</a>, s. 339 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWhiteway1899 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b175,184-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b175,184_79-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, ss. 175, 184 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> Leupp, Gary P.. Interracial Intimacy in Japan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum_International_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum International Publishing Group (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>, 2003 — 35-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8264-6074-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8264-6074-5">ISBN 978-0-8264-6074-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interracial+Intimacy+in+Japan&rft.aulast=Leupp&rft.aufirst=Gary+P.&rft.pub=%5B%5BContinuum+International+Publishing+Group%5D%5D&rft.pages=35 &rft.isbn=978-0-8264-6074-5">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2004p1340-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004p1340_81-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOoi2004">Ooi 2004</a>, s. 1340 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOoi2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-OʻFlanagan125-83"><a href="#cite_ref-OʻFlanagan125_83-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Flanagan2008">O'Flanagan 2008</a>, s. 125 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFO'Flanagan2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearson1976pp74-82-84">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1976pp74-82_84-0">84,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1976pp74-82_84-1">84,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFPearson1976">Pearson 1976</a>, ss. 74–82 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPearson1976 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Malekandathil116-118-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Malekandathil116-118_85-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalekandathil2010">Malekandathil 2010</a>, ss. 116–118 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalekandathil2010 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathew138-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Mathew138_86-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMathew1988">Mathew 1988</a>, s. 138 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMathew1988 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JgfNBKHG7S8C&pg=PA76">A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0275988767" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0275988767">ISBN 0275988767</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+the+Ottomans%3A+From+Osman+to+Atat%C3%BCrk&rft.aulast=Uyar&rft.aufirst=Mesut&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=0275988767&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgfNBKHG7S8C%26pg%3DPA76">  </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> D. João de Castro <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/kerr/vol06chap03sect01to05.html">The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with the intention of Burning the Turkish Galleys at that port</a> (Volume 6, Chapter 3, eText) </li> <li id="cite_note-Abir86-89">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Abir86_89-0">89,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abir86_89-1">89,1</a> Abir, p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> Appiah; Gates, p. 130 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> Chesworth; Thomas p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> Newitt (2004), p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> Black, p. 102 </li> <li id="cite_note-Stapleton2013p121-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Stapleton2013p121_94-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStapleton2013">Stapleton 2013</a>, s. 121 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFStapleton2013 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> Cohen, pp. 17-18 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pacey1991-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Pacey1991_96-0">↑</a> Pacey, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technologyinworl0000pace">Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History</a>. MIT Press, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-262-66072-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-262-66072-3">ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+in+World+Civilization%3A+A+Thousand-year+History&rft.aulast=Pacey&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.pub=MIT+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-262-66072-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnologyinworl0000pace">  </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> Yosaburō Takekoshi, „The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan“, <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-32379-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-32379-7">ISBN 0-415-32379-7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b195-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b195_98-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, s. 195 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BethencourtCurto262-265-99"><a href="#cite_ref-BethencourtCurto262-265_99-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007">Bethencourt & Curto 2007</a>, ss. 262–265 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieWinius464-100"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieWinius464_100-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiffieWinius1977">Diffie & Winius 1977</a>, s. 464 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDiffieWinius1977 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009a116-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009a116_101-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009a">Disney 2009a</a>, s. 116 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009a (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-HerringHerring214-102"><a href="#cite_ref-HerringHerring214_102-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerringHerring1968">Herring & Herring 1968</a>, s. 214 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHerringHerring1968 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> Metcalf (2006), p. 60 </li> <li id="cite_note-PickettPickett14-104">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-PickettPickett14_104-0">104,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PickettPickett14_104-1">104,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFPickettPickett2011">Pickett & Pickett 2011</a>, s. 14 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPickettPickett2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008p76-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p76_105-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, s. 76 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008pp76-78-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008pp76-78_106-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, ss. 76–78 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DeOliveira254-107"><a href="#cite_ref-DeOliveira254_107-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Oliveira_Marques1972">de Oliveira Marques 1972</a>, s. 254 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFde_Oliveira_Marques1972 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008p78-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p78_108-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, s. 78 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2005pp694-696-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2005pp694-696_109-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2005">Marley 2005</a>, ss. 694–696 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2005 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahoney246-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Mahoney246_110-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMahoney2010">Mahoney 2010</a>, s. 246 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMahoney2010 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell-Wood1968p47-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell-Wood1968p47_111-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRussell-Wood1968">Russell-Wood 1968</a>, s. 47 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRussell-Wood1968 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ladle185-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Ladle185_112-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLadle2000">Ladle 2000</a>, s. 185 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLadle2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> Metcalf (2005), pp. 36-37 </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008p86-114">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p86_114-0">114,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p86_114-1">114,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, s. 86 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008p90-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p90_115-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, s. 90 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Treece31-116">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Treece31_116-0">116,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treece31_116-1">116,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFTreece2000">Treece 2000</a>, s. 31 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTreece2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008pp91-92-117">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008pp91-92_117-0">117,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008pp91-92_117-1">117,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, ss. 91–92 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> Metcalf (2005), p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-Marley2008p96-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Marley2008p96_119-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarley2008">Marley 2008</a>, s. 96 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarley2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz1973p41-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz1973p41_120-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwartz1973">Schwartz 1973</a>, s. 41 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSchwartz1973 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamen177-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Kamen177_121-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKamen1999">Kamen 1999</a>, s. 177 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKamen1999 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyajian11-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Boyajian11_122-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoyajian2008">Boyajian 2008</a>, s. 11 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoyajian2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson104-105-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson104-105_123-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, ss. 104–105 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BethencourtCurto111,117-124">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-BethencourtCurto111,117_124-0">124,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BethencourtCurto111,117_124-1">124,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007">Bethencourt & Curto 2007</a>, ss. 111, 117 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethencourtCurto2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas159-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas159_125-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomas1997">Thomas 1997</a>, s. 159 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThomas1997 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5263675">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPuga2002" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogerio_Miguel_Puga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogerio Miguel Puga (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Puga, Rogério Miguel</a> (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100506">„The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's Navigations“</a>. Bulletin of Portuguese/Japanese Studies (inglizcha). 5-jild. 81–116-bet. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0874-8438">0874-8438</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-03-26 — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redalyc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redalyc (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Redalyc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Portuguese%2FJapanese+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Presence+of+the+%22Portugals%22+in+Macau+and+Japan+in+Richard+Hakluyt%27s+Navigations&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=81-116&rft.date=2002-12&rft.issn=0874-8438&rft.aulast=Puga&rft.aufirst=Rog%C3%A9rio+Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fredalyc.org%2Farticulo.oa%3Fid%3D36100506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3APortugaliya+imperiyasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> Francis A. Dutra. „Overseas Council (Portugal)“ in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 4, pp. 254-255. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> Francis A. Dutra, „Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides“ in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner’s Sons 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowans2003-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Cowans2003_129-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ksf_tz5x5FwC&pg=PA180">Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003 — 180-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8122-1845-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8122-1845-0">ISBN 0-8122-1845-0</a>. Qaraldi: 10-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Spain%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.pages=180 &rft.isbn=0-8122-1845-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKsf_tz5x5FwC%26pg%3DPA180">  </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> History of the Konkan by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84-85 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed330-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed330_131-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAhmed2011">Ahmed 2011</a>, s. 330 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAhmed2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> Portuguese Studies Review <a href="/wiki/Xalqaro_standart_seriya_raqami" title="Xalqaro standart seriya raqami">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1057-1515">1057-1515</a>Skript xatosi: „check isxn“ moduli yoʻq. (Baywolf Press) p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-Boxer168-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Boxer168_133-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoxer1969">Boxer 1969</a>, s. 168 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoxer1969 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b268-69-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b268-69_134-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, ss. 268–269 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b273-275-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b273-275_135-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, ss. 273–275 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell203-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell203_136-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethell1985">Bethell 1985</a>, s. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethell1985 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b267-68-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b267-68_137-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, ss. 267–268 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Disney2009b288-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Disney2009b288_138-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDisney2009b">Disney 2009b</a>, s. 288 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDisney2009b (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-KozakCermak131-139"><a href="#cite_ref-KozakCermak131_139-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKozákCermák2007">Kozák & Cermák 2007</a>, s. 131 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKozákCermák2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramasamy2006-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramasamy2006_140-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5gEBfvCBclUC&pg=PA8">Geomatics in Tsunami</a>. New India Publishing, 2006 — 8-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-89422-31-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-89422-31-8">ISBN 978-81-89422-31-8</a>. Qaraldi: 10-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geomatics+in+Tsunami&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft.pages=8 &rft.isbn=978-81-89422-31-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5gEBfvCBclUC%26pg%3DPA8">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell177-178-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell177-178_141-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBethell1985">Bethell 1985</a>, ss. 177–178 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBethell1985 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Angus1837-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Angus1837_142-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyenglandf00angugoog">History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Accession of Queen Victoria I</a>, Glasgow, 1837 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyenglandf00angugoog/page/n264">254</a>–255-bet. Qaraldi: 10-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+England%3A+From+the+Roman+Invasion+to+the+Accession+of+Queen+Victoria+I&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglandf00angugoog%2Fpage%2Fn264+254%5D%E2%80%93255 &rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglandf00angugoog">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine2003-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Levine2003_143-0">↑</a> Levine, Robert M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pi56Cw3yGfcC&pg=PA59">The History of Brazil</a>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003 — 59–61-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-4039-6255-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-4039-6255-3">ISBN 978-1-4039-6255-3</a>. Qaraldi: 10-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Brazil&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.pages=59%E2%80%9361 &rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6255-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPi56Cw3yGfcC%26pg%3DPA59">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Newitt1995pp335-336-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Newitt1995pp335-336_144-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewitt1995">Newitt 1995</a>, ss. 335–336 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewitt1995 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrado18-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Corrado18_145-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorrado2008">Corrado 2008</a>, s. 18 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCorrado2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lisboa134-146">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_146-0">146,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_146-1">146,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lisboa134_146-2">146,2</a> <a href="#CITEREFLisboa2008">Lisboa 2008</a>, s. 134 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLisboa2008 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler48-61-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler48-61_147-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWheeler1998">Wheeler 1998</a>, ss. 48–61 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWheeler1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Vincent-Smith1974-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Vincent-Smith1974_148-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5263675"><cite id="CITEREFVincent-Smith1974" class="citation magazine cs1">Vincent-Smith, J. D. (Sep 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1974-09_17_3/page/620">„The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies in Africa, 1911–14“</a>. The Historical Journal. 17-jild, № 3. Cambridge University Press. 620–629-bet. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0018246x0000532x">10.1017/s0018246x0000532x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (sahifa yaratilmagan)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2638392">2638392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Anglo-German+Negotiations+over+the+Portuguese+Colonies+in+Africa%2C+1911%E2%80%9314&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=620-629&rft.date=1974-09&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2638392%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0018246x0000532x&rft.aulast=Vincent-Smith&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_historical-journal_1974-09_17_3%2Fpage%2F620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%3APortugaliya+imperiyasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/121/mode/1up">„Portugal enters the war“</a> (26-oct 1914-yil). Qaraldi: 24-iyul 2012-yil. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler128-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler128_150-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWheeler1998">Wheeler 1998</a>, s. 128 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWheeler1998 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newforestexplorersguide.co.uk/sitefolders/faqs/portuguesefireplace/portuguesefireplacepage.html">„Portuguese Fireplace“</a>. Newforestexplorersguide.co.uk. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 6-avgust. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">„Battle of La Lys“</a>. 3-iyun 2007-yilda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603044406/http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">arxivlangan</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2007-06-03 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603044406/http://www.worldwar1.com/france/portugal.htm">arxivlangan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">↑</a> Thomas, H.B., „The Kionga Triangle“, Tanganyika Notes and Records Volume 31 1951, pp. 47-50. </li> <li id="cite_note-Koffi2012-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Koffi2012_154-0">↑</a> Koffi, Ettien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2C1TGbN5R84C&pg=PA98">Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions</a>. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 2012 — 98-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-934078-10-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-934078-10-5">ISBN 978-1-934078-10-5</a>. Qaraldi: 12-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradigm+Shift+in+Language+Planning+and+Policy%3A+Game-Theoretic+Solutions&rft.aulast=Koffi&rft.aufirst=Ettien&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter%2C+Inc.&rft.place=Boston%2FBerlin&rft.pages=98 &rft.isbn=978-1-934078-10-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2C1TGbN5R84C%26pg%3DPA98">  </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <a href="#refPearson">Pearson 1987, p. 158</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <a href="#refPearson">Pearson 1987, p. 160</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson153-157">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson153_157-0">157,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson153_157-1">157,1</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>, s. 153 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnderson2000 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ArnoldWiener11-12-158"><a href="#cite_ref-ArnoldWiener11-12_158-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFArnoldWiener2012">Arnold & Wiener 2012</a>, ss. 11–12 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArnoldWiener2012 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkum:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkum:Harv and Sfn template errors (sahifa yaratilmagan)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1996673.stm">„East Timor: Birth of a nation“</a>. Qaraldi: 12-iyul 2012-yil. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/88/23/dc/en/">„Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao“</a>. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR) (1987). Qaraldi: 2010-yil 26-aprel. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/566301.stm">Macau and the end of empire</a>, 18 December 1999. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BBC News</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPLP-162"><a href="#cite_ref-CPLP_162-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cplp.org/id-22.aspx">„CPLP“</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-lingpt-163"><a href="#cite_ref-lingpt_163-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/sociedade/lingua-portuguesa-portugues-ensino-governo-alunos/972503-4071.html">„Somos 240 milhões de falantes“</a>. www.tvi24.iol.pt. 2016-yil 3-martda asl nusxadan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223935/http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/sociedade/lingua-portuguesa-portugues-ensino-governo-alunos/972503-4071.html">arxivlangan</a>. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 16-may. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a> Numeramento ou Cadastro Geral do Reino, de D. João III (1527) referido em 2009 — Instituto Nacional de Estatística; A primeira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Censo_demogr%C3%A1fico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censo demográfico (sahifa yaratilmagan)">contagem populacional</a> foi feita em 1527, no reinado de D. João III com base predominantemente nos fogos. Nesta época houve um arrolamento de 1 200 000 portugueses. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 40em; -webkit-column-width: 40em; column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li>Abeyasinghe, Tikiri. Jaffna Under the Portuguese. Lake House Investments, 1986. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-9555520003" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-9555520003">ISBN 978-9555520003</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jaffna+Under+the+Portuguese&rft.aulast=Abeyasinghe&rft.aufirst=Tikiri&rft.pub=Lake+House+Investments &rft.isbn=978-9555520003"> </li> <li>Abir, Mordechai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7fArBgAAQBAJ&q=Ethopian+Portuguese+alliance+1520&pg=PA86">Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region</a>. Routledge, 1980. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0714631646" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0714631646">ISBN 978-0714631646</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethiopia+and+the+Red+Sea%3A+The+Rise+and+Decline+of+the+Solomonic+Dynasty+and+Muslim+European+Rivalry+in+the+Region&rft.aulast=Abir&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=978-0714631646&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7fArBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DEthopian%2BPortuguese%2Balliance%2B1520%26pg%3DPA86"> </li> <li>Ahmed, Farooqui Salma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC">A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century</a>. Pearson Education India, 2011. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-317-3202-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-317-3202-1">ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+Medieval+India%3A+Twelfth+to+the+Mid-Eighteenth+Century&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Farooqui+Salma&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India &rft.isbn=978-81-317-3202-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsxhAtCflwOMC"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&q=Ethopian+Portuguese+alliance+1520&pg=PA430">Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2</a>. Oxford University Press, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780195337709" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780195337709">ISBN 9780195337709</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Africa%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780195337709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA0XNvklcqbwC%26q%3DEthopian%2BPortuguese%2Balliance%2B1520%26pg%3DPA430"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XRd6Y-oiFPAC">Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-61069-003-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-61069-003-4">ISBN 978-1-61069-003-4</a>. Qaraldi: 12-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+War%3A+The+Essential+Reference+Guide&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=978-1-61069-003-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXRd6Y-oiFPAC"> </li> <li>Brockey, Liam Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIlT0Uhaq_oC">Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-6313-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-6313-3">ISBN 978-0-7546-6313-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Colonial+Cities+in+the+Early+Modern+World&rft.aulast=Brockey&rft.aufirst=Liam+Matthew&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd. &rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6313-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIlT0Uhaq_oC"> </li> <li>Abernethy, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ennqNS1EOuMC">The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980</a>. Yale University Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-300-09314-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-300-09314-4">ISBN 0-300-09314-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Global+Dominance%2C+European+Overseas+Empires+1415%E2%80%931980&rft.aulast=Abernethy&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-300-09314-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DennqNS1EOuMC"> </li> <li>Anderson, James Maxwell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UoryGn9o4x0C">The History of Portugal</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-31106-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-31106-4">ISBN 0-313-31106-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Portugal&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=James+Maxwell&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group &rft.isbn=0-313-31106-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUoryGn9o4x0C"> </li> <li>Bakewell, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XBV1q4TGBJ4C&pg=PA406">A History of Latin America to 1825</a>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1405183680" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1405183680">ISBN 978-1405183680</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Latin+America+to+1825&rft.aulast=Bakewell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell &rft.isbn=978-1405183680&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXBV1q4TGBJ4C%26pg%3DPA406"> </li> <li>Bethell, Leslie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hj81XeoW4zMC">The Independence of Latin America</a>. Cambridge University Press, 1985. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-34927-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-34927-7">ISBN 978-0-521-34927-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Independence+of+Latin+America&rft.aulast=Bethell&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-521-34927-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhj81XeoW4zMC"> </li> <li>Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada. Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800. Cambridge University Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-84644-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-84644-8">ISBN 978-0-521-84644-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Overseas+Expansion%2C+1400%E2%80%931800&rft.aulast=Bethencourt&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-521-84644-8"> </li> <li>Black, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=daQcBQAAQBAJ&q=Portuguese+Ottoman+Adal+Ethiopia&pg=PA102">War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600</a>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780230344266" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780230344266">ISBN 9780230344266</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+the+World%3A+A+Comparative+History%2C+1450%E2%80%931600&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan &rft.isbn=9780230344266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdaQcBQAAQBAJ%26q%3DPortuguese%2BOttoman%2BAdal%2BEthiopia%26pg%3DPA102"> [sayt ishlamaydi]</li> <li>Boxer, Charles Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portugueseseabor0000boxe">The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825</a>. Hutchinson, 1969. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-09-131071-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-09-131071-7">ISBN 0-09-131071-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Seaborne+Empire+1415%E2%80%931825&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=Charles+Ralph&rft.pub=Hutchinson &rft.isbn=0-09-131071-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportugueseseabor0000boxe"> </li> <li>Boyajian, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C0lrDYYzMyAC">Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640</a>. JHU Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8018-8754-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8018-8754-3">ISBN 978-0-8018-8754-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Trade+in+Asia+Under+the+Habsburgs%2C+1580%E2%80%931640&rft.aulast=Boyajian&rft.aufirst=James&rft.pub=JHU+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8754-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC0lrDYYzMyAC"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nohjCgAAQBAJ&q=Prester+John+Ethiopia+Portugal&pg=PA8">Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)</a>. Brill Academic Publishers, 2015. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-9004297203" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-9004297203">ISBN 978-9004297203</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+a+Bibliographical+History.%3A+Volume+7.+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+Africa+and+South+America+%281500%E2%80%931600%29&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers &rft.isbn=978-9004297203&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnohjCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DPrester%2BJohn%2BEthiopia%2BPortugal%26pg%3DPA8"> </li> <li>Coates, Timothy Joel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ7ORZ5Gx5oC&pg=PA60">Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755</a>. Stanford University Press, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780804733595" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780804733595">ISBN 9780804733595</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convicts+and+Orphans%3A+Forced+and+State-Sponsored+Colonization+in+the+Portuguese+Empire%2C+1550%E2%80%931755&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Timothy+Joel&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780804733595&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPJ7ORZ5Gx5oC%26pg%3DPA60"> </li> <li>Cohen, Leonardo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Zs3CcC2eLoC&q=Ethopian+Portuguese+alliance+1520&pg=PA16">The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)</a>. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-447-05892-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-447-05892-6">ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missionary+Strategies+of+the+Jesuits+in+Ethiopia+%281555%E2%80%931632%29&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag &rft.isbn=978-3-447-05892-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Zs3CcC2eLoC%26q%3DEthopian%2BPortuguese%2Balliance%2B1520%26pg%3DPA16"> </li> <li>Corrado, Jacopo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BKKf4PYI-IIC&pg=PA18">The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920</a>. Cambria Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9781604975291" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9781604975291">ISBN 9781604975291</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creole+Elite+and+the+Rise+of+Angolan+Protonationalism%3A+1870%E2%80%931920&rft.aulast=Corrado&rft.aufirst=Jacopo&rft.pub=Cambria+Press &rft.isbn=9781604975291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBKKf4PYI-IIC%26pg%3DPA18"> </li> <li>Crowley, Roger. Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire (2015)</li> <li>Curto, Diogo Ramada. Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries (Berghahn Books, 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=56755">online review</a></li> <li>de Almeida, Miguel Vale. An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World. Berghahn Books, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-78238-854-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-78238-854-8">ISBN 978-1-78238-854-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Earth-colored+Sea%3A+Race%2C+Culture+And+The+Politics+Of+Identity+In+The+Post-colonial+Portuguese-speaking+World&rft.aulast=de+Almeida&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Vale&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books &rft.isbn=978-1-78238-854-8"> </li> <li>Davies, Kenneth Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northatlanticwor04kgda">The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Minnesota Press (sahifa yaratilmagan)">University of Minnesota Press</a>, 1974. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-0713-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-0713-3">ISBN 0-8166-0713-3</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+Atlantic+World+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Gordon&rft.pub=%5B%5BUniversity+of+Minnesota+Press%5D%5D &rft.isbn=0-8166-0713-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthatlanticwor04kgda"> </li> <li>Davis, David Brion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPn3N0CvKyAC&pg=PA84">Inhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World</a>. Oxford University Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780195140736" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780195140736">ISBN 9780195140736</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inhuman+Bondage%3A+The+Rise+And+Fall+of+Slavery+in+the+New+World&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=David+Brion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780195140736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPn3N0CvKyAC%26pg%3DPA84"> </li> <li>Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hBTqPX4G9Y4C">Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580</a>. University of Minnesota Press, 1977. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8166-0782-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8166-0782-2">ISBN 978-0-8166-0782-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+the+Portuguese+Empire%2C+1415%E2%80%931580&rft.aulast=Diffie&rft.aufirst=Bailey+W.&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-8166-0782-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhBTqPX4G9Y4C"> </li> <li>Disney, A.R.. History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807. Cambridge University Press, 2009a. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0521843188" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0521843188">ISBN 978-0521843188</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Portugal+and+the+Portuguese+Empire+Volume+1%2C+Portugal%3A+From+Beginnings+to+1807&rft.aulast=Disney&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0521843188"> </li> <li>Disney, A.R.. History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807. Cambridge University Press, 2009b. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0521738224" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0521738224">ISBN 978-0521738224</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Portugal+and+the+Portuguese+Empire+Volume+2%2C+Portugal%3A+From+Beginnings+to+1807&rft.aulast=Disney&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0521738224"> </li> <li>Dodge, Ernest Stanley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandsempireswe0000dodg">Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia</a>. University of Minnesota Press, 1976 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandsempireswe0000dodg/page/226">226</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0816607884" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0816607884">ISBN 978-0816607884</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islands+and+Empires%3A+Western+Impact+on+the+Pacific+and+East+Asia&rft.aulast=Dodge&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Stanley&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislandsempireswe0000dodg%2Fpage%2F226+226%5D &rft.isbn=978-0816607884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislandsempireswe0000dodg"> </li> <li>Gallagher, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xu8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA8">Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation</a>. St. Martin's Press, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780719008764" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780719008764">ISBN 9780719008764</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portugal%3A+A+Twentieth+Century+Interpretation&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press &rft.isbn=9780719008764&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xu8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA8"> </li> <li>Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IWFOBb9rOgEC&pg=PA273">Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840</a>. University Press of America, 1972. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7618-1520-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7618-1520-4">ISBN 978-0-7618-1520-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+and+the+World%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Sub-Saharan+Africa+from+Antiquity+to+1840&rft.aulast=Gann&rft.aufirst=Louis+Henry&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America &rft.isbn=978-0-7618-1520-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIWFOBb9rOgEC%26pg%3DPA273"> </li> <li>Gipouloux, François. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIAKkMlFFQAC&pg=PA301">The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century</a>. Edward Elger, 2011. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0857934260" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0857934260">ISBN 978-0857934260</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Asian+Mediterranean%3A+Port+Cities+and+Trading+Networks+in+China%2C+Japan+and+Southeast+Asia%2C+13th%E2%80%9321st+Century&rft.aulast=Gipouloux&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.pub=Edward+Elger &rft.isbn=978-0857934260&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIAKkMlFFQAC%26pg%3DPA301"> </li> <li>Goodman, Grant K.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SzPs4rb2TN0C&q=Portuguese+Japan+1639&pg=PA13">Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835</a>. Routledge, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0700712205" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0700712205">ISBN 978-0700712205</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+and+the+Dutch+1600-1835&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Grant+K.&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=978-0700712205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSzPs4rb2TN0C%26q%3DPortuguese%2BJapan%2B1639%26pg%3DPA13"> </li> <li>Goodwin, Stefan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wqidll-BE-wC&pg=PA184">Africa's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent</a>. Lexington Books, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7391-5176-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7391-5176-1">ISBN 978-0-7391-5176-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa%27s+Legacies+Of+Urbanization%3A+Unfolding+Saga+of+a+Continent&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.pub=Lexington+Books &rft.isbn=978-0-7391-5176-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWqidll-BE-wC%26pg%3DPA184"> </li> <li>Gupta, Pamila. Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018).</li> <li>Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen Baldwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoflatinam00herr">A History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present</a>. Knopf, 1968. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-224-60284-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-224-60284-5">ISBN 0-224-60284-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Latin+America%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+the+Present&rft.aulast=Herring&rft.aufirst=Hubert+Clinton&rft.pub=Knopf &rft.isbn=0-224-60284-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoflatinam00herr"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S42CypbRTlQC&pg=PA82">Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660</a>. Cambridge University Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780521770651" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780521770651">ISBN 9780521770651</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Africans%2C+Atlantic+Creoles%2C+and+the+Foundation+of+the+Americas%2C+1585%E2%80%931660&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780521770651&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS42CypbRTlQC%26pg%3DPA82"> </li> <li>Jesus, Carlos Augusto Montalto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicmacao00jesugoog">Historic Macao</a>. Kelly & Walsh, ltd., 1902. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9781143225352" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9781143225352">ISBN 9781143225352</a>. „Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao.“<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Macao&rft.aulast=Jesus&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Augusto+Montalto&rft.pub=Kelly+%26+Walsh%2C+ltd. &rft.isbn=9781143225352&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricmacao00jesugoog"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wFrAOqfhuGYC">Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-441-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-441-7">ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History%3A+A+Multidisciplinary+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=978-1-85109-441-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwFrAOqfhuGYC"> </li> <li>Kamen, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyWourPR5S8C&pg=PA177">Philip of Spain</a>. Yale University Press, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780300078008" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780300078008">ISBN 9780300078008</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+of+Spain&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780300078008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyWourPR5S8C%26pg%3DPA177"> </li> <li>Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUcX4-WFxOYC&pg=PA131">The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters</a>. Springer, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9789048133246" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9789048133246">ISBN 9789048133246</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+Natural+Disasters&rft.aulast=Koz%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.pub=Springer &rft.isbn=9789048133246&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJUcX4-WFxOYC%26pg%3DPA131"> </li> <li>Kratoska, Paul H.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9U-FUPS3DkC&pg=PA98">South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800</a>. Taylor and Francis, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0415215404" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0415215404">ISBN 978-0415215404</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+East+Asia%2C+Colonial+History%3A+Imperialism+before+1800&rft.aulast=Kratoska&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis &rft.isbn=978-0415215404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ9U-FUPS3DkC%26pg%3DPA98"> </li> <li>Lach, Donald F.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xD52ge5a8vYC&pg=PA200">Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery</a>. University of Chicago Press, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780226467085" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780226467085">ISBN 9780226467085</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+Volume+I%3A+The+Century+of+Discovery&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press &rft.isbn=9780226467085&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxD52ge5a8vYC%26pg%3DPA200"> </li> <li>Ladle, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxzxIDoa5CIC&pg=PA185">Brazil</a>. American Map, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780887291302" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780887291302">ISBN 9780887291302</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brazil&rft.aulast=Ladle&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.pub=American+Map &rft.isbn=9780887291302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxzxIDoa5CIC%26pg%3DPA185"> </li> <li>Lisboa, Maria Manuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pI1BY9zACgQC&pg=PA13">Paula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics</a>. Ashgate Publishing, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-0720-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-0720-5">ISBN 978-0-7546-0720-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paula+Rego%27s+Map+of+Memory%3A+National+and+Sexual+Politics&rft.aulast=Lisboa&rft.aufirst=Maria+Manuel&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing &rft.isbn=978-0-7546-0720-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpI1BY9zACgQC%26pg%3DPA13"> </li> <li>Lockhart, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlylatinameric00lock">Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil</a>. Cambridge University Press, 1983. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-29929-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-29929-2">ISBN 0-521-29929-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Latin+America%3A+A+History+of+Colonial+Spanish+America+and+Brazil&rft.aulast=Lockhart&rft.aufirst=James&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-29929-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlylatinameric00lock"> </li> <li>MacQueen, Norrie. The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portugueseafrica">online</a></li> <li>Macmillan, Allister. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_EusZwEdxpAC&pg=PA11">Mauritius Illustrated</a>. Educa Books, Facsimile edition, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-31106-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-31106-4">ISBN 0-313-31106-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mauritius+Illustrated&rft.aulast=Macmillan&rft.aufirst=Allister&rft.pub=Educa+Books%2C+Facsimile+edition &rft.isbn=0-313-31106-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_EusZwEdxpAC%26pg%3DPA11"> </li> <li>Mahoney, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p1_m-Y-5FJEC&pg=PA246">Colonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective</a>. Cambridge University Press, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780521116343" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780521116343">ISBN 9780521116343</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Postcolonial+Development+Spanish+America+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=James&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780521116343&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp1_m-Y-5FJEC%26pg%3DPA246"> </li> <li>Malekandathil, Pius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA116">Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean</a>. Primus Books, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-9380607016" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-9380607016">ISBN 978-9380607016</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+India%3A+Trade%2C+Religion+and+Polity+in+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.aulast=Malekandathil&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.pub=Primus+Books &rft.isbn=978-9380607016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrN69iFj1PJoC%26pg%3DPA116"> </li> <li>Mancall, Peter C.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IqPqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA207">The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624</a>. University of North Carolina Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780807838839" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780807838839">ISBN 9780807838839</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+World+and+Virginia%2C+1550%E2%80%931624&rft.aulast=Mancall&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press &rft.isbn=9780807838839&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIqPqCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA207"> </li> <li>Marley, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q1a4j2HNmjUC&pg=PA694">Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-57607-574-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-57607-574-6">ISBN 978-1-57607-574-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Americas%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=978-1-57607-574-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq1a4j2HNmjUC%26pg%3DPA694"> </li> <li>Marley, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DkgGVTOr2EsC&pg=PA76">Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes)</a>. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1598841008" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1598841008">ISBN 978-1598841008</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wars+of+the+Americas%3A+A+Chronology+of+Armed+Conflict+in+the+Western+Hemisphere+%282+Volumes%29&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press &rft.isbn=978-1598841008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDkgGVTOr2EsC%26pg%3DPA76"> </li> <li>McAlister, Lyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spainportugalinn0000mcal">Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700</a>. University of Minnesota Press, 1984. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-1216-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-1216-1">ISBN 0-8166-1216-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain+and+Portugal+in+the+New+World%2C+1492%E2%80%931700&rft.aulast=McAlister&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press &rft.isbn=0-8166-1216-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspainportugalinn0000mcal"> </li> <li>Mathew, Kuzhippalli Skaria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA137">History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600</a>. Mittal Publications, 1988. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-8170990468" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-8170990468">ISBN 978-8170990468</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Portuguese+Navigation+in+India%2C+1497%E2%80%931600&rft.aulast=Mathew&rft.aufirst=Kuzhippalli+Skaria&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications &rft.isbn=978-8170990468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKl3IR3RJTIEC%26pg%3DPA137"> </li> <li>Mehta, Jaswant Lal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC">Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India</a>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 1980. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-207-0617-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-81-207-0617-0">ISBN 978-81-207-0617-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Study+in+the+History+of+Medieval+India&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Jaswant+Lal&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd &rft.isbn=978-81-207-0617-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiUk5k5AN54sC"> </li> <li>Metcalf, Alida C.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuNIISvBqIC&pg=PA62">Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600</a>. University of Texas Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-292-71276-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-292-71276-8">ISBN 978-0-292-71276-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Go-Betweens+and+the+Colonization+of+Brazil%3A+1500%E2%80%931600&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Alida+C.&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-292-71276-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWuNIISvBqIC%26pg%3DPA62"> </li> <li>Metcalf, Alida C.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=INhcIzDccb8C&pg=PA37">Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822</a>. University of Texas Press, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-292-70652-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-292-70652-1">ISBN 978-0-292-70652-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+and+Frontier+in+Colonial+Brazil%3A+Santana+de+Parna%C3%ADba%2C+1580%E2%80%931822&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Alida+C.&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-292-70652-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DINhcIzDccb8C%26pg%3DPA37"> </li> <li>Newitt, Malyn D.D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmozambi00newi">A History of Mozambique</a>. Indiana University Press, 1995 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmozambi00newi/page/335">335</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-253-34006-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-253-34006-1">ISBN 978-0-253-34006-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mozambique&rft.aulast=Newitt&rft.aufirst=Malyn+D.D.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmozambi00newi%2Fpage%2F335+335%5D &rft.isbn=978-0-253-34006-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmozambi00newi"> </li> <li>Newitt, Malyn D.D.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vpteLQcx6J4C">A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668</a>. Routledge, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-23979-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-23979-6">ISBN 0-415-23979-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Portuguese+Overseas+Expansion%2C+1400%E2%80%931668&rft.aulast=Newitt&rft.aufirst=Malyn+D.D.&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-23979-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvpteLQcx6J4C"> [sayt ishlamaydi]</li> <li>O'Flanagan, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fzJc8ii7OMsC&pg=PA125">Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900</a>. Ashgate Publishing, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-6109-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7546-6109-2">ISBN 978-0-7546-6109-2</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Port+Cities+of+Atlantic+Iberia%2C+c.+1500%E2%80%931900&rft.aulast=O%27Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing &rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6109-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfzJc8ii7OMsC%26pg%3DPA125"> </li> <li>de Oliveira Marques, A.H.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofportuga01anto">History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1</a>. Columbia University Press, 1972. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0231031592" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0231031592">ISBN 978-0231031592</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Portugal%3A+From+Lusitania+to+Empire%3B+Vol.+1&rft.aulast=de+Oliveira+Marques&rft.aufirst=A.H.&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0231031592&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofportuga01anto"> </li> <li>Olson, James Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&q=Ethiopia+Portuguese+1630s&pg=PA204">Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism</a>. Greenwood, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780313262579" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780313262579">ISBN 9780313262579</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+European+Imperialism&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=James+Stuart&rft.pub=Greenwood &rft.isbn=9780313262579&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuyqepNdgUWkC%26q%3DEthiopia%2BPortuguese%2B1630s%26pg%3DPA204"> </li> <li>Ooi, Keat Gin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1340">Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1</a>. ABC_CLIO, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-57607-771-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-57607-771-9">ISBN 978-1-57607-771-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor%3A+Volume+1&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft.pub=ABC_CLIO &rft.isbn=978-1-57607-771-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC%26pg%3DPA1340"> </li> <li>Ooi, Keat Gin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Uq_c2LARgAC&pg=PA202">Historical Dictionary of Malaysia</a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2009. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8108-5955-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8108-5955-5">ISBN 978-0-8108-5955-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Malaysia&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc. &rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5955-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Uq_c2LARgAC%26pg%3DPA202"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC">Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-57607-335-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-57607-335-1">ISBN 1-57607-335-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism%3A+An+International%2C+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Political+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=1-57607-335-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFTHBoRvQbsC"> </li> <li>Paquette, Gabriel. Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850. Cambridge University Press, 2014. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1107640764" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1107640764">ISBN 978-1107640764</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Portugal+in+the+Age+of+Atlantic+Revolutions%3A+The+Luso-Brazilian+World%2C+c.+1770%E2%80%931850&rft.aulast=Paquette&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-1107640764"> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._M._Panikkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. M. Panikkar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Panikkar, K.M.</a> (1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498-1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin.</li> <li>Pearson, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/merchantsrulersi0000pear">Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century</a>. University of California Press, 1976 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/merchantsrulersi0000pear/page/76">76</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0520028098" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0520028098">ISBN 978-0520028098</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchants+and+Rulers+in+Gujarat%3A+The+Response+to+the+Portuguese+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmerchantsrulersi0000pear%2Fpage%2F76+76%5D &rft.isbn=978-0520028098&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmerchantsrulersi0000pear"> </li> <li>Pearson, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qI1ZRwAACAAJ">The Portuguese in India</a>. Cambridge University Press, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-25713-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-25713-1">ISBN 0-521-25713-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+in+India&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-25713-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqI1ZRwAACAAJ"> [sayt ishlamaydi]</li> <li>Ponting, Clive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldhistorynewp0000pont">World History: A New Perspective</a>. Chatto & Windus, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7011-6834-X" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7011-6834-X">ISBN 0-7011-6834-X</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History%3A+A+New+Perspective&rft.aulast=Ponting&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus &rft.isbn=0-7011-6834-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldhistorynewp0000pont"> </li> <li>Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961).</li> <li>Ricklefs, M.C.. A History of Indonesia since c. 1300, 2nd, London: MacMillan, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-57689-6">ISBN 0-333-57689-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indonesia+since+c.+1300&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.place=London &rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6"> </li> <li>Rodriguez, Junius P.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4X44KbDBl9gC&pg=PA79">Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+in+the+United+States%3A+A+Social%2C+Political%2C+and+Historical+Encyclopedia%3A+Volume+2&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Junius+P.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=978-1-85109-549-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4X44KbDBl9gC%26pg%3DPA79"> </li> <li>do Rosário Pimente, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DrlIAAAAYAAJ">Viagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna</a>. Ediçoʻes Colibri, 1995. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/972-8047-75-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/972-8047-75-4">ISBN 972-8047-75-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viagem+ao+fundo+das+consci%C3%AAncias%3A+a+escravatura+na+%C3%A9poca+moderna&rft.aulast=do+Ros%C3%A1rio+Pimente&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.pub=Edi%C3%A7o%CA%BBes+Colibri &rft.isbn=972-8047-75-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDrlIAAAAYAAJ"> </li> <li>Russell-Wood, A.J.R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2bDaBpOgi_UC&pg=PA46">Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755</a>. University of California Press, 1968.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fidalgos+and+Philanthropists%3A+The+Santa+Casa+da+Miseric%C3%B3rdia+of+Bahia%2C+1550%E2%80%931755&rft.aulast=Russell-Wood&rft.aufirst=A.J.R.&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press &rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2bDaBpOgi_UC%26pg%3DPA46"> </li> <li>Russell-Wood, A.J.R.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JTVH7PZU1hUC">The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808</a>. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8018-5955-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8018-5955-7">ISBN 0-8018-5955-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Empire+1415%E2%80%931808&rft.aulast=Russell-Wood&rft.aufirst=A.J.R.&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-8018-5955-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJTVH7PZU1hUC"> </li> <li>Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G5DGygQdNp0C">The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715</a>. Routledge, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-09085-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-09085-7">ISBN 0-415-09085-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Imperial+Age%2C+European+Overseas+Expansion+c.+1400%E2%80%931715&rft.aulast=Scammell&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Vaughn&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-09085-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG5DGygQdNp0C"> </li> <li>Scarano, Julita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anpocs.org/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4795&Itemid=357">MIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ</a>. Unesp- Ceru, 2009. Qaraldi: 2012-yil 29-noyabr.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MIGRA%C3%87%C3%83O+SOB+CONTRATO%3A+A+OPINI%C3%83O+DE+E%C3%87A+DE+QUEIROZ&rft.aulast=Scarano&rft.aufirst=Julita&rft.pub=Unesp-+Ceru &rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anpocs.org%2Fportal%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_view%26gid%3D4795%26Itemid%3D357">  (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2013-02-04 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204093900/http://www.anpocs.org/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4795&Itemid=357">arxivlangan</a>)</li> <li>Schwartz, Stuart B.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sovereigntysocie0000unse">Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751</a>. University of California Press, 1973. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0520021952" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0520021952">ISBN 978-0520021952</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+and+Society+in+Colonial+Brazil%3A+The+High+Court+of+Bahia+and+Its+Judges%2C+1609%E2%80%931751&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Stuart+B.&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press &rft.isbn=978-0520021952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsovereigntysocie0000unse"> </li> <li>Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raLL0A3Pb_0C&pg=PA41">Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763</a>. Concept Publishers, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-8170228486" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-8170228486">ISBN 978-8170228486</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goa-Kanara+Portuguese+Relations%2C+1498%E2%80%931763&rft.aulast=Shastry&rft.aufirst=Bhagamandala+Seetharama&rft.pub=Concept+Publishers &rft.isbn=978-8170228486&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraLL0A3Pb_0C%26pg%3DPA41"> </li> <li>de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bkoBAwAAQBAJ&q=Portuguese+Chittagong+1517&pg=PA85">The Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire</a>. I.B. Taurus, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1845115852" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1845115852">ISBN 978-1845115852</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+in+the+East%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+a+Maritime+Trading+Empire&rft.aulast=de+Silva+Jayasuriya&rft.aufirst=Shihan&rft.pub=I.B.+Taurus &rft.isbn=978-1845115852&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbkoBAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DPortuguese%2BChittagong%2B1517%26pg%3DPA85"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C&pg=PP1">Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2</a>. Concept Publishing Company, 1990. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/81-7022-259-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/81-7022-259-1">ISBN 81-7022-259-1</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goa+Through+the+Ages%3A+An+Economic+History%2C+Issue+6+of+Goa+University+publication+series+Volume+2&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company &rft.isbn=81-7022-259-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwYDPnEjTb4C%26pg%3DPP1"> </li> <li>Stapleton, Timothy J.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvtDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">A Military History of Africa</a>. ABC-CLIO, 2013. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-313-39569-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-313-39569-7">ISBN 978-0-313-39569-7</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+Africa&rft.aulast=Stapleton&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO &rft.isbn=978-0-313-39569-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvtDAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165"> </li> <li>Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K7RlmNEzqf4C">The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History</a>, 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-118-27401-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-118-27401-9">ISBN 978-1-118-27401-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Empire+in+Asia%2C+1500%E2%80%931700%3A+A+Political+and+Economic+History&rft.aulast=Subrahmanyam&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell &rft.isbn=978-1-118-27401-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK7RlmNEzqf4C"> </li> <li>Thomas, Hugh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom">The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870</a>. Simon and Schuster, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-684-83565-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-684-83565-5">ISBN 978-0-684-83565-5</a>. Qaraldi: 10-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slave+Trade%3A+The+Story+of+the+Atlantic+Slave+Trade%3A+1440%E2%80%931870&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster &rft.isbn=978-0-684-83565-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavetradestoryo00thom"> </li> <li>Thornton, John K.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_qNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101">Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800</a>. Routledge, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-135-36584-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-135-36584-4">ISBN 978-1-135-36584-4</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+Atlantic+Africa%2C+1500%E2%80%931800&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=978-1-135-36584-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_qNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA101"> </li> <li>Treece, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s50JnG7BzLAC&pg=PA31">Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State</a>. Praeger, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exiles%2C+Allies%2C+Rebels%3A+Brazil%27s+Indianist+Movement%2C+Indigenist+Politics%2C+and+the+Imperial+Nation-State&rft.aulast=Treece&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.pub=Praeger &rft.isbn=978-1-85109-549-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds50JnG7BzLAC%26pg%3DPA31"> </li> <li>Velupillai, Viveka. Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction. John Benjamins, 2015. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-85109-549-0">ISBN 978-1-85109-549-0</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pidgins%2C+Creoles+and+Mixed+Languages%3A+An+Introduction&rft.aulast=Velupillai&rft.aufirst=Viveka&rft.pub=John+Benjamins &rft.isbn=978-1-85109-549-0"> </li> <li>Wheeler, Douglas L.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PkH9wfKMqHwC">Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926</a>. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-299-07450-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-299-07450-1">ISBN 0-299-07450-1</a>. Qaraldi: 12-iyul 2012-yil.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Republican+Portugal%3A+A+Political+History%2C+1910%E2%80%931926&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Douglas+L.&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press &rft.isbn=0-299-07450-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPkH9wfKMqHwC"> </li> <li>White, Paula. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorationinwor0000whit">Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500</a>. Facts on File, Inc., 2005 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/explorationinwor0000whit/page/138">138</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/3-87294-202-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/3-87294-202-6">ISBN 3-87294-202-6</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploration+in+the+World+of+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931500&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexplorationinwor0000whit%2Fpage%2F138+138%5D &rft.isbn=3-87294-202-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexplorationinwor0000whit"> </li> <li>Whiteway, Richard Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseportuguesep00whitgoog">The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550</a>. Archibald Constable & Co., 1899.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Portuguese+Power+in+India%2C+1497%E2%80%931550&rft.aulast=Whiteway&rft.aufirst=Richard+Stephen&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable+%26+Co. &rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseportuguesep00whitgoog"> </li> <li>Yamashiro, José. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l2qSNQnlQGcC">Choque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII</a>. Ibrasa, 1989. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-74059-421-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-74059-421-5">ISBN 1-74059-421-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choque+Luso+No+Jap%C3%A3o+Dos+S%C3%A9culos+XVI+e+XVII&rft.aulast=Yamashiro&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.pub=Ibrasa &rft.isbn=1-74059-421-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2qSNQnlQGcC"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">tahrir</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar">manbasini tahrirlash</a>]</div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="">Wikimedia Commonsda <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portugaliya_imperiyasi" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Portugaliya imperiyasi">Portugaliya imperiyasi</a> mavzusiga oid fayllar bor.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/portuguese_empire/">Portugaliya imperiyasi xronologiyasi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialvoyage.com/">Gollandiya Portugaliya mustamlakachilik tarixi</a>: Seylon, Hindiston, Malakka, Bengal, Formosa, Afrika, Braziliyada portugal va gollandlarning tarixi. Til merosi, xaritalar.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/">„The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe“</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kitchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kitchin (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Thomas Kitchin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217055451/http://www.spiceislandsforts.com/">Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia</a></li> <li>Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vgweb.org/unethicalconversion/port_rep.htm">„Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505-1658)“</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> saytida 2020-02-25 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225130354/http://vgweb.org/unethicalconversion/port_rep.htm">arxivlangan</a>), Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&oldid=5230640">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugaliya_imperiyasi&oldid=5230640</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:1415-yilda_paydo_bo%CA%BBlganlar" title="Turkum:1415-yilda paydo boʻlganlar">1415-yilda paydo boʻlganlar</a></li><li><a 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