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maximum filter</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: bilateral maximum filter"> <meta name="keywords" content="bilateral maximum filter"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="bilateral maximum filter"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5177</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: bilateral maximum filter</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5177</span> Dark and Bright Envelopes for Dehazing Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihan%20Yu">Zihan Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Inoue"> Kohei Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiichi%20Urahama"> Kiichi Urahama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a method for de-hazing images. A dark envelope image is derived with the bilateral minimum filter and a bright envelope is derived with the bilateral maximum filter. The ambient light and transmission of the scene are estimated from these two envelope images. An image without haze is reconstructed from the estimated ambient light and transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20dehazing" title="image dehazing">image dehazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20minimum%20filter" title=" bilateral minimum filter"> bilateral minimum filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20maximum%20filter" title=" bilateral maximum filter"> bilateral maximum filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20contrast" title=" local contrast"> local contrast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8981/dark-and-bright-envelopes-for-dehazing-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5176</span> Binarized-Weight Bilateral Filter for Low Computational Cost Image Smoothing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhang">Yu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Inoue"> Kohei Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiichi%20Urahama"> Kiichi Urahama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a simplified bilateral filter with binarized coefficients for accelerating it. Its computational cost is further decreased by sampling pixels. This computationally low cost filter is useful for smoothing or denoising images by using mobile devices with limited computational power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20filter" title="bilateral filter">bilateral filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binarized-weight%20bilateral%20filter" title=" binarized-weight bilateral filter"> binarized-weight bilateral filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20smoothing" title=" image smoothing"> image smoothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20denoising" title=" image denoising"> image denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20sampling" title=" pixel sampling"> pixel sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8980/binarized-weight-bilateral-filter-for-low-computational-cost-image-smoothing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5175</span> Effect of Filter Paper Technique in Measuring Hydraulic Capacity of Unsaturated Expansive Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenechi%20Kurtis%20Onochie">Kenechi Kurtis Onochie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows the use of filter paper technique in the measurement of matric suction of unsaturated expansive soil around the Haspolat region of Lefkosa, North Cyprus in other to establish the soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) or soil water retention curve (SWRC). The dry filter paper approach which is standardized by ASTM, 2003, D 5298-03 in which the filter paper is initially dry was adopted. The whatman No. 42 filter paper was used in the matric suction measurement. The maximum dry density of the soil was obtained as 2.66kg/cm³ and the optimum moisture content as 21%. The soil was discovered to have high air entry value of 1847.46KPa indicating finer particles and 25% hydraulic capacity using filter paper technique. The filter paper technique proved to be very useful for measuring the hydraulic capacity of unsaturated expansive soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWCC" title="SWCC">SWCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matric%20suction" title=" matric suction"> matric suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20paper" title=" filter paper"> filter paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060/effect-of-filter-paper-technique-in-measuring-hydraulic-capacity-of-unsaturated-expansive-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5174</span> Finite Element Analysis of the Lumbar Spine after Unilateral and Bilateral Laminotomies and Laminectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Hsien%20Chen">Chih-Hsien Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Hung%20Ho"> Yi-Hung Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Wei%20Wang"> Chih-Wei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Wei%20%20Chang"> Chih-Wei Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Nien%20Chen"> Yen-Nien Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Han%20Chang"> Chih-Han Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ting%20Li"> Chun-Ting Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laminotomy is a spinal decompression surgery compatible with a minimally invasive approach. However, the unilateral laminotomy for bilateral side decompression leads to more perioperative complications than the bilateral laminotomy. Although the unilateral laminotomy removes the least bone tissue among the spinal decompression surgeries, the difference of spinal stability between unilateral and bilateral laminotomy and laminectomy is rarely investigated. This study aims to compare the biomechanical effects of unilateral and bilateral laminotomy and laminectomy on the lumbar spine by finite element (FE) simulation. A three-dimensional FE model of the lumbar spine (L1–L5) was constructed with the vertebral body, discs, and ligaments, as well as the sacrum was constructed. Three different surgical methods, namely unilateral laminotomy, bilateral laminotomy and laminectomy, at L3–L4 and L4–L5 were considered. Partial pedicle and entire ligamentum flavum were removed to simulate bilateral decompression in laminotomy. The entire lamina and spinal processes from the lower L3 to upper L5 were detached in the laminectomy model. Then, four kinds of loadings, namely flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation, were applied on the lumbar with various decompression conditions. The results indicated that the bilateral and unilateral laminotomy both increased the range of motion (ROM) compared with intact lumbar, while the laminectomy increased more ROM than both laminotomy did. The difference of ROM between the bilateral and unilateral laminotomy was very minor. Furthermore, bilateral laminotomy demonstrated similar poster element stress with unilateral laminotomy. Unilateral and bilateral laminotomy are equally suggested to bilateral decompression of lumbar spine with minimally invasive technique because limited effect was aroused due to more bone remove in the bilateral laminotomy on the lumbar stability. Furthermore, laminectomy is the last option for lumbar decompression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimally%20invasive%20technique" title="minimally invasive technique">minimally invasive technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20decompression" title=" lumbar decompression"> lumbar decompression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminotomy" title=" laminotomy"> laminotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminectomy" title=" laminectomy"> laminectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106868/finite-element-analysis-of-the-lumbar-spine-after-unilateral-and-bilateral-laminotomies-and-laminectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5173</span> Gaussian Particle Flow Bernoulli Filter for Single Target Tracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeongbok%20Kim">Hyeongbok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingling%20Zhao"> Lingling Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohong%20Su"> Xiaohong Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junjie%20Wang"> Junjie Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bernoulli filter is a precise Bayesian filter for single target tracking based on the random finite set theory. The standard Bernoulli filter often underestimates the number of targets. This study proposes a Gaussian particle flow (GPF) Bernoulli filter employing particle flow to migrate particles from prior to posterior positions to improve the performance of the standard Bernoulli filter. By employing the particle flow filter, the computational speed of the Bernoulli filters is significantly improved. In addition, the GPF Bernoulli filter provides a more accurate estimation compared with that of the standard Bernoulli filter. Simulation results confirm the improved tracking performance and computational speed in two- and three-dimensional scenarios compared with other algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernoulli%20filter" title="Bernoulli filter">Bernoulli filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filter" title=" particle filter"> particle filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20flow%20filter" title=" particle flow filter"> particle flow filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20finite%20sets" title=" random finite sets"> random finite sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20tracking" title=" target tracking"> target tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162210/gaussian-particle-flow-bernoulli-filter-for-single-target-tracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5172</span> Kalman Filter Gain Elimination in Linear Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20D.%20Assimakis">Nicholas D. Assimakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In linear estimation, the traditional Kalman filter uses the Kalman filter gain in order to produce estimation and prediction of the n-dimensional state vector using the m-dimensional measurement vector. The computation of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an m x m matrix in every iteration. In this paper, a variation of the Kalman filter eliminating the Kalman filter gain is proposed. In the time varying case, the elimination of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an n x n matrix and the inversion of an m x m matrix in every iteration. In the time invariant case, the elimination of the Kalman filter gain requires the inversion of an n x n matrix in every iteration. The proposed Kalman filter gain elimination algorithm may be faster than the conventional Kalman filter, depending on the model dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20time" title="discrete time">discrete time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter%20gain" title=" Kalman filter gain"> Kalman filter gain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123040/kalman-filter-gain-elimination-in-linear-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5171</span> Operation Parameters of Vacuum Cleaned Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilhelm%20Hoeflinger">Wilhelm Hoeflinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Laminger"> Thomas Laminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wolfslehner"> Johannes Wolfslehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For vacuum cleaned dust filters, used e. g. in textile industry, there exist no calculation methods to determine design parameters (e. g. traverse speed of the nozzle, filter area...). In this work a method to calculate the optimum traverse speed of the nozzle of an industrial-size flat dust filter at a given mean pressure drop and filter face velocity was elaborated. Well-known equations for the design of a cleanable multi-chamber bag-house-filter were modified in order to take into account a continuously regeneration of a dust filter by a nozzle. Thereby, the specific filter medium resistance and the specific cake resistance values are needed which can be derived from filter tests under constant operation conditions. A lab-scale filter test rig was used to derive the specific filter media resistance value and the specific cake resistance value for vacuum cleaned filter operation. Three different filter media were tested and the determined parameters were compared to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20dust%20filter" title="design of dust filter">design of dust filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20removing" title=" dust removing"> dust removing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20regeneration" title=" filter regeneration"> filter regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20parameters" title=" operation parameters"> operation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536/operation-parameters-of-vacuum-cleaned-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5170</span> Optimization of Multiplier Extraction Digital Filter On FPGA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiksha%20Jain">Shiksha Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Mishra"> Ramesh Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most widely used complex signals processing operation is filtering. The most important FIR digital filter are widely used in DSP for filtering to alter the spectrum according to some given specifications. Power consumption and Area complexity in the algorithm of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is mainly caused by multipliers. So we present a multiplier less technique (DA technique). In this technique, precomputed value of inner product is stored in LUT. Which are further added and shifted with number of iterations equal to the precision of input sample. But the exponential growth of LUT with the order of FIR filter, in this basic structure, makes it prohibitive for many applications. The significant area and power reduction over traditional Distributed Arithmetic (DA) structure is presented in this paper, by the use of slicing of LUT to the desired length. An architecture of 16 tap FIR filter is presented, with different length of slice of LUT. The result of FIR Filter implementation on Xilinx ISE synthesis tool (XST) vertex-4 FPGA Tool by using proposed method shows the increase of the maximum frequency, the decrease of the resources as usage saving in area with more number of slices and the reduction dynamic power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplier%20less%20technique" title="multiplier less technique">multiplier less technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20phase%20symmetric%20FIR%20filter" title=" linear phase symmetric FIR filter"> linear phase symmetric FIR filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA%20tool" title=" FPGA tool"> FPGA tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=look%20up%20table" title=" look up table"> look up table</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17093/optimization-of-multiplier-extraction-digital-filter-on-fpga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5169</span> Compact Microstrip Ultra-Wideband Bandstop Filter With Quasi-Elliptic Function Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman">Hussein Shaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Almansour"> Faris Almansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a modified optimum bandstop filter with ultra-wideband stopband. The filter consists of three shunt open-circuited stubs and two non-redundant unit elements. The proposed bandstop filter is designed with unequal electrical lengths of the open-circuited stubs at the mid-stopband. Therefore, the filter can exhibit a quasi-elliptic function response that improves the selectivity and enhances the rejection bandwidth. The filter is designed to exhibit a fractional bandwidth of about 114% at a mid-stopband frequency of 3.0 GHz. The filter is successfully realized in theory, simulated, fabricated and measured. An excellent agreement is obtained between calculated, simulated and measured. The fabricated filter has a compact size with a low insertion loss in the passbands, high selectivity and good attenuation level inside the desired stopband <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20filter" title="microstrip filter">microstrip filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandstop%20filter" title=" bandstop filter"> bandstop filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB%20filter" title=" UWB filter"> UWB filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20line%20filter" title=" transmission line filter"> transmission line filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151305/compact-microstrip-ultra-wideband-bandstop-filter-with-quasi-elliptic-function-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5168</span> Modeling Spillover Effects of Pakistan-India Bilateral Trade upon Sustainability of Economic Growth in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taimoor%20Hussain%20Alvi">Taimoor Hussain Alvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Toqueer%20Akhter"> Syed Toqueer Akhter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this research is to identify Pak-India bilateral trade spillover effects upon Pakistan’s Growth rate. Cross-country spillover growth Effects have been linked with openness and access to markets. In this research, we intend to see the short run and long run effects of Pak-India Bilateral Trade Openness upon economic growth in Pakistan. Trade Openness has been measured as the sum of bilateral exports and imports between the two countries. Increased emphasis on the condition and environment of financial markets is laid in light of globalization and trade liberalization. This research paper makes use of the Univariate Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model to analyze the effects of bilateral trade variables upon the growth pattern of Pakistan in the short run and long run. Key findings of the study empirically support the notion that increased bilateral trade will be beneficial for Pakistan in the short run because of cost advantage and knowledge spillover in terms of increased technical and managerial ability from multinational firms. However, contrary to extensive literature, increased bilateral trade measures will affect Pakistan’s growth rate negatively in the long run because of the industrial size differential and increased integration of Indian economy with the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20trade%20openness" title="bilateral trade openness">bilateral trade openness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spillover" title=" spillover"> spillover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20advantage" title=" comparative advantage"> comparative advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=univariate" title=" univariate"> univariate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15687/modeling-spillover-effects-of-pakistan-india-bilateral-trade-upon-sustainability-of-economic-growth-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5167</span> Influence of Bilateral and Unilateral Flatfoot on Pelvic Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Taher%20Eldesoky">Mohamed Taher Eldesoky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Elsayed%20Abutaleb"> Enas Elsayed Abutaleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The changes in foot posture possibly generate changes in the pelvic alignment, although, there is lack of evidence about the effects of bilateral and unilateral flatfoot on possible changes in pelvic alignment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of flatfoot on the sagittal and frontal planes of pelvic postures. Materials and Methods: 56 subjects, aged 18–40 years, were assigned into three groups. 20 healthy subjects, 19 subjects with bilateral flexible second-degree flat foot, and 17 subjects with unilateral flexible second-degree flat foot. 3D assessment of the pelvis using the formetric-II device was used to evaluate pelvic alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes by measuring pelvic inclination and pelvic tilt angles. Results: ANOVA test with LSD test were used for statistical analysis. Both Unilateral and bilateral second degree flatfoot produced significant (P < 0.05) pelvic anteversion in comparison to the healthy subjects (P < 0.05), but the bilateral flatfoot subjects seemed to have more anteversion than the unilateral subjects. Unilateral flatfoot caused a significant (P<0.05) lateral pelvic tilt in the direction of the affected side in comparison to the healthy and bilateral flatfoot subjects. Conclusion: The bilateral and unilateral second degree flatfoot changed pelvic alignment. Both of them led to increases of pelvic anteversion while the unilateral one caused lateral pelvic tilt toward the affected side. Thus, foot posture should be considered when assessing patients with pelvic misalignment and disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20flatfoot" title="bilateral flatfoot">bilateral flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unilateral%20flatfoot" title=" unilateral flatfoot"> unilateral flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20alignment" title=" pelvic alignment"> pelvic alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20posture" title=" foot posture"> foot posture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33797/influence-of-bilateral-and-unilateral-flatfoot-on-pelvic-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5166</span> Investigation of Design Process of an Impedance Matching in the Specific Frequency for Radio Frequency Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nabaei">H. Nabaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Joghataie"> M. Joghataie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we study the design methods of matched filter with commercial software including CST Studio and ADS in specific frequency: 900 MHz. At first, we select two amounts of impedance for studying matching of them. Then, using by matched filter utility tool in ADS software, we simulate and deviate the elements of matched filters. In the following, we implement matched filter in CST STUDIO software. The simulated results show the great conformity in this field. Also, we peruse scattering and Impedance parameters in the Derivative structure. Finally, the layout of matched filter is obtained by the schematic tool of CST STUDIO. In fact, here, we present the design process of matched filters in the specific frequency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20matching" title="impedance matching">impedance matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumped%20element" title=" lumped element"> lumped element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20line" title=" transmission line"> transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20transmission" title=" maximum power transmission"> maximum power transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20layout" title=" 3D layout"> 3D layout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28070/investigation-of-design-process-of-an-impedance-matching-in-the-specific-frequency-for-radio-frequency-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5165</span> A Finite Memory Residual Generation Filter for Fault Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyung%20Soo%20Kim">Pyung Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eung%20Hyuk%20Lee"> Eung Hyuk Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mun%20Suck%20Jang"> Mun Suck Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current paper, a residual generation filter with finite memory structure is proposed for fault detection. The proposed finite memory residual generation filter provides the residual by real-time filtering of fault vector using only the most recent finite observations and inputs on the window. It is shown that the residual given by the proposed residual generation filter provides the exact fault for noise-free systems. Finally, to illustrate the capability of the proposed residual generation filter, numerical examples are performed for the discretized DC motor system having the multiple sensor faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20generation%20filter" title="residual generation filter">residual generation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20memory%20structure" title=" finite memory structure"> finite memory structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kalman%20filter" title=" kalman filter"> kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20detection" title=" fast detection"> fast detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35140/a-finite-memory-residual-generation-filter-for-fault-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">698</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5164</span> The Study of the Perspectives on Economic Development in Bilateral Investment Treaties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuj%20Kumar%20Vaksha">Anuj Kumar Vaksha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the post cold war era the foreign direct investments have come to be considered as one of the most critical factors for economic development of a country particularly for the capital scarce countries like the developing and the under developed countries. The rush for foreign direct investments have led to intense competition between the countries treaties to attract foreign investments by entering into alluring Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). The Bilateral Investment Treaties are the intergovernmental legal framework for the promotion of private investments from one country to other. With more than 3000 BITs, the web of such BITs are the most dominant development of International Law in the post cold war era. The essence of all these BITs are bilateral cooperation for economic development and thus it is actually the theme of economic development around which the International Law had developed most dominantly in the post cold war era. Within the framework of two generally accepted premises that foreign direct investments are critical for economic development and the bilateral investment treaties are critical for promotion of foreign direct investments, the research paper seeks to explore the perspectives and paradigms on economic development as embodied in various Bilateral Investment Treaties. It seeks to address how and in what manners the perspectives on economic development as embodied in bilateral investment varies between the developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. It goes without saying that economic development is a very broad, complex and operationally intricate concept. In the paradigm of International Law it becomes much more complex and intricate. Understanding the concept of economic development from the perspectives of Bilateral Investment Treaties is a novel idea with far reaching significance. Such a perspective on economic development would help in enriching the contemporary International Law perspectives and paradigms on economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20investment%20treaties" title="bilateral investment treaties">bilateral investment treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20Law" title=" international Law"> international Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perspectives" title=" perspectives"> perspectives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33943/the-study-of-the-perspectives-on-economic-development-in-bilateral-investment-treaties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5163</span> Study on Filter for Semiconductor of Minimizing Damage by X-Ray Laminography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park">Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Ho%20Kim"> Jeong Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Hyun%20Park"> Ki Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research used the MCNPX simulation program to evaluate the utility of a filter that was developed to minimize the damage to a semiconductor device during defect testing with X-ray. The X-ray generator was designed using the MCNPX code, and the X-ray absorption spectrum of the semiconductor device was obtained based on the designed X-ray generator code. To evaluate the utility of the filter, the X-ray absorption rates of the semiconductor device were calculated and compared for Ag, Rh, Mo and V filters with thicknesses of 25μm, 50μm, and 75μm. The results showed that the X-ray absorption rate varied with the type and thickness of the filter, ranging from 8.74% to 49.28%. The Rh filter showed the highest X-ray absorption rates of 29.8%, 15.18% and 8.74% for the above-mentioned filter thicknesses. As shown above, the characteristics of the X-ray absorption with respect to the type and thickness of the filter were identified using MCNPX simulation. With these results, both time and expense could be saved in the production of the desired filter. In the future, this filter will be produced, and its performance will be evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNPX" title=" MCNPX"> MCNPX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor"> semiconductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53350/study-on-filter-for-semiconductor-of-minimizing-damage-by-x-ray-laminography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5162</span> A Packet Loss Probability Estimation Filter Using Most Recent Finite Traffic Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyung%20Soo%20Kim">Pyung Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eung%20Hyuk%20Lee"> Eung Hyuk Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mun%20Suck%20Jang"> Mun Suck Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A packet loss probability (PLP) estimation filter with finite memory structure is proposed to estimate the packet rate mean and variance of the input traffic process in real-time while removing undesired system and measurement noises. The proposed PLP estimation filter is developed under a weighted least square criterion using only the finite traffic measurements on the most recent window. The proposed PLP estimation filter is shown to have several inherent properties such as unbiasedness, deadbeat, robustness. A guideline for choosing appropriate window length is described since it can affect significantly the estimation performance. Using computer simulations, the proposed PLP estimation filter is shown to be superior to the Kalman filter for the temporarily uncertain system. One possible explanation for this is that the proposed PLP estimation filter can have greater convergence time of a filtered estimate as the window length M decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packet%20loss%20probability%20estimation" title="packet loss probability estimation">packet loss probability estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20memory%20filter" title=" finite memory filter"> finite memory filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinite%20memory%20filter" title=" infinite memory filter"> infinite memory filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9519/a-packet-loss-probability-estimation-filter-using-most-recent-finite-traffic-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5161</span> Design Dual Band Band-Pass Filter by Using Stepped Impedance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzia%20Al-Sakeer">Fawzia Al-Sakeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Aldeeb"> Hassan Aldeeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development in the communications field is proceeding at an amazing speed, which has led researchers to improve and develop electronic circuits by increasing their efficiency and reducing their size to reduce the weight of electronic devices. One of the most important of these circuits is the band-pass filter, which is what made us carry out this research, which aims to use an alternate technology to design a dual band-pass filter by using a stepped impedance microstrip transmission line. We designed a filter that works at two center frequency bands by designing with the ADS program, and the results were excellent, as we obtained the two design frequencies, which are 1 and 3GHz, and the values of insertion loss S11, which was more than 21dB with a small area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20pass%20filter" title="band pass filter">band pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20band%20band-pass%20filter" title=" dual band band-pass filter"> dual band band-pass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADS" title=" ADS"> ADS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20filter" title=" microstrip filter"> microstrip filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepped%20impedance" title=" stepped impedance"> stepped impedance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177757/design-dual-band-band-pass-filter-by-using-stepped-impedance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5160</span> The Effect of Compensating Filter on Image Quality in Lateral Projection of Thoracolumbar Radiography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Arda%20Adrina%20Daud">Noor Arda Adrina Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hanafi%20Ali"> Mohd Hanafi Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The compensating filter is placed between the patient and X-ray tube to compensate various density and thickness of human body. The main purpose of this project is to study the effect of compensating filter on image quality in lateral projection of thoracolumbar radiography. The study was performed by an X-ray unit where different thicknesses of aluminum were used as compensating filter. Specifically the relationship between thickness of aluminum, density and noise were evaluated. Results show different thickness of aluminum compensating filter improved the image quality of lateral projection thoracolumbar radiography. The compensating filter of 8.2 mm was considered as the optimal filter to compensate the thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), 1 mm to compensate lumbar region and 5.9 mm to compensate thorax region. The aluminum wedge compensating filter was designed resulting in an acceptable image quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensating%20filter" title="compensating filter">compensating filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title=" aluminum"> aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20quality" title=" image quality"> image quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral" title=" lateral"> lateral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoracolumbar" title=" thoracolumbar "> thoracolumbar </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6135/the-effect-of-compensating-filter-on-image-quality-in-lateral-projection-of-thoracolumbar-radiography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5159</span> Thermal Properties of Chitosan-Filled Empty Fruit Bunches Filter Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziatul%20Niza%20Sadikin">Aziatul Niza Sadikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norasikin%20Othman"> Norasikin Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ghazali%20Mohd%20Nawawi"> Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umi%20Aisah%20Asli"> Umi Aisah Asli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshafima%20Rasit%20Ali"> Roshafima Rasit Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiziana%20Md%20Kasmani"> Rafiziana Md Kasmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-woven fibrous filter media from empty fruit bunches were fabricated by using chitosan as a binder. Chitosan powder was dissolved in a 1 wt% aqueous acetic acid and 1 wt% to 4 wt% of chitosan solutions was prepared. Chitosan-filled empty fruit bunches filter media have been prepared via wet-layup method. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to study various thermal properties of the fibrous filter media. It was found that the fibrous filter media have undergone several decomposition stages over a range of temperatures as revealed by TGA thermo-grams, where the temperature for 10% weight loss for chitosan-filled EFB filter media and binder-less filter media was at 150oC and 300oC, Respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empty%20fruit%20bunches" title="empty fruit bunches">empty fruit bunches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20media" title=" filter media"> filter media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20property" title=" thermal property"> thermal property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3285/thermal-properties-of-chitosan-filled-empty-fruit-bunches-filter-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5158</span> Frequency Transformation with Pascal Matrix Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phuoc%20Si%20Nguyen">Phuoc Si Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frequency transformation with Pascal matrix equations is a method for transforming an electronic filter (analogue or digital) into another filter. The technique is based on frequency transformation in the s-domain, bilinear z-transform with pre-warping frequency, inverse bilinear transformation and a very useful application of the Pascal’s triangle that simplifies computing and enables calculation by hand when transforming from one filter to another. This paper will introduce two methods to transform a filter into a digital filter: frequency transformation from the s-domain into the z-domain; and frequency transformation in the z-domain. Further, two Pascal matrix equations are derived: an analogue to digital filter Pascal matrix equation and a digital to digital filter Pascal matrix equation. These are used to design a desired digital filter from a given filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20transformation" title="frequency transformation">frequency transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20z-transformation" title=" bilinear z-transformation"> bilinear z-transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-warping%20frequency" title=" pre-warping frequency"> pre-warping frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20filters" title=" digital filters"> digital filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20filters" title=" analog filters"> analog filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pascal%E2%80%99s%20triangle" title=" pascal’s triangle"> pascal’s triangle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866/frequency-transformation-with-pascal-matrix-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5157</span> Design of Wide-Range Variable Fractional-Delay FIR Digital Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Jy%20Shyu">Jong-Jy Shyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-Chang%20Pei"> Soo-Chang Pei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Da%20Huang"> Yun-Da Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, design of wide-range variable fractional-delay (WR-VFD) finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters is proposed. With respect to the conventional VFD filter which is designed such that its delay is adjustable within one unit, the proposed VFD FIR filter is designed such that its delay can be tunable within a wider range. By the traces of coefficients of the fractional-delay FIR filter, it is found that the conventional method of polynomial substitution for filter coefficients no longer satisfies the design demand, and the circuits perform the sinc function (sinc converter) are added to overcome this problem. In this paper, least-squares method is adopted to design WR-VFD FIR filter. Throughout this paper, several examples will be proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20filter" title="digital filter">digital filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FIR%20filter" title=" FIR filter"> FIR filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20fractional-delay%20%28VFD%29%20filter" title=" variable fractional-delay (VFD) filter"> variable fractional-delay (VFD) filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least-squares%20approximation" title=" least-squares approximation"> least-squares approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8390/design-of-wide-range-variable-fractional-delay-fir-digital-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5156</span> Design of Decimation Filter Using Cascade Structure for Sigma Delta ADC </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misbahuddin%20Mahammad">Misbahuddin Mahammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Chandra%20Sekhar"> P. Chandra Sekhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metuku%20Shyamsunder"> Metuku Shyamsunder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oversampled output of a sigma-delta modulator is decimated to Nyquist sampling rate by decimation filters. The decimation filters work twofold; they decimate the sampling rate by a factor of OSR (oversampling rate) and they remove the out band quantization noise resulting in an increase in resolution. The speed, area and power consumption of oversampled converter are governed largely by decimation filters in sigma-delta A/D converters. The scope of the work is to design a decimation filter for sigma-delta ADC and simulation using MATLAB. The decimation filter structure is based on cascaded-integrated comb (CIC) filter. A second decimation filter is using CIC for large rate change and cascaded FIR filters, for small rate changes, to improve the frequency response. The proposed structure is even more hardware efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigma%20delta%20modulator" title="sigma delta modulator">sigma delta modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CIC%20filter" title=" CIC filter"> CIC filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decimation%20filter" title=" decimation filter"> decimation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation%20filter" title=" compensation filter"> compensation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20shaping" title=" noise shaping"> noise shaping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15366/design-of-decimation-filter-using-cascade-structure-for-sigma-delta-adc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5155</span> Additive White Gaussian Noise Filtering from ECG by Wiener Filter and Median Filter: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Javidnia">Hossein Javidnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salehe%20Taheri"> Salehe Taheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the recording of the heart’s electrical potential versus time. ECG signals are often contaminated with noise such as baseline wander and muscle noise. As these signals have been widely used in clinical studies to detect heart diseases, it is essential to filter these noises. In this paper we compare performance of Wiener Filtering and Median Filtering methods to filter Additive White Gaussian (AWG) noise with the determined signal to noise ratio (SNR) ranging from 3 to 5 dB applied to long-term ECG recordings samples. Root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) between the filtered ECG and original ECG was used as the filter performance indicator. Experimental results show that Wiener filter has better noise filtering performance than Median filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20noise%20filtering" title="ECG noise filtering">ECG noise filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiener%20filtering" title=" Wiener filtering"> Wiener filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20filtering" title=" median filtering"> median filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20noise" title=" Gaussian noise"> Gaussian noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtering%20performance" title=" filtering performance"> filtering performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9623/additive-white-gaussian-noise-filtering-from-ecg-by-wiener-filter-and-median-filter-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5154</span> Tuning of Kalman Filter Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Abdin">Hesham Abdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Zakaria"> Mohamed Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talaat%20Abd-Elmonaem"> Talaat Abd-Elmonaem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20El-Din%20Sayed%20Hafez"> Alaa El-Din Sayed Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kalman filter algorithm is an estimator known as the workhorse of estimation. It has an important application in missile guidance, especially in lack of accurate data of the target due to noise or uncertainty. In this paper, a Kalman filter is used as a tracking filter in a simulated target-interceptor scenario with noise. It estimates the position, velocity, and acceleration of the target in the presence of noise. These estimations are needed for both proportional navigation and differential geometry guidance laws. A Kalman filter has a good performance at low noise, but a large noise causes considerable errors leads to performance degradation. Therefore, a new technique is required to overcome this defect using tuning factors to tune a Kalman filter to adapt increasing of noise. The values of the tuning factors are between 0.8 and 1.2, they have a specific value for the first half of range and a different value for the second half. they are multiplied by the estimated values. These factors have its optimum values and are altered with the change of the target heading. A genetic algorithm updates these selections to increase the maximum effective range which was previously reduced by noise. The results show that the selected factors have other benefits such as decreasing the minimum effective range that was increased earlier due to noise. In addition to, the selected factors decrease the miss distance for all ranges of this direction of the target, and expand the effective range which leads to increase probability of kill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proportional%20navigation" title="proportional navigation">proportional navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20geometry" title=" differential geometry"> differential geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21005/tuning-of-kalman-filter-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5153</span> FPGA Based IIR Filter Design Using MAC Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Mehra">Rajesh Mehra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Thakur"> Bharti Thakur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an IIR filter has been designed and simulated on an FPGA. The implementation is based on MAC algorithm which uses multiply-and-accumulate operations IIR filter design implementation. Parallel Pipelined structure is used to implement the proposed IIR Filter taking optimal advantage of the look up table of the FPGA device. The designed filter has been synthesized on DSP slice based FPGA to perform multiplier function of MAC unit. The DSP slices are useful to enhance the speed performance. The developed IIR filter is designed and simulated with Matlab and synthesized with Xilinx Synthesis Tool (XST), and implemented on Virtex 5 and Spartan 3 ADSP FPGA devices. The IIR filter implemented on Virtex 5 FPGA can operate at an estimated frequency of 81.5 MHz as compared to 40.5 MHz in case of Spartan 3 ADSP FPGA. The Virtex 5 based implementation also consumes less slices and slice flip flops of target FPGA in comparison to Spartan 3 ADSP based implementation to provide cost effective solution for signal processing applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Butterworth%20filter" title="Butterworth filter">Butterworth filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSP" title=" DSP"> DSP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IIR" title=" IIR"> IIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAC" title=" MAC"> MAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41409/fpga-based-iir-filter-design-using-mac-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5152</span> Impact of Activated Carbon and Magnetic Field in Slow Sand Filter on Water Purification for Rural Dwellers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baiyeri%20R.%20M">Baiyeri R. M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oloriegbe%20Y.%20A."> Oloriegbe Y. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20A.%20O."> Saad A. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf"> Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20O."> K. O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most farmers that produce food crops in Nigeria live in rural areas where potable water is not available. The farmers in some areas have problem of water borne diseases which could affect their health and could lead to death. This study was conducted to determine the impact of incorporating Granular Activated Carbon(GAC) and Magnetic Field(MF) in Slow Sand Filter(SSF) on the purification of water for rural dwellers. The SSF was developed using PVC pipe with diameter 152.4 mm and 1100 mm long, with layers of fine sand with size 0.25 mm and 350 mm depth, followed by GAC 10 mm size and 100 mm depth, fine sand 0.25mm with 500 mm depth and gravel grain size 10-14 mm and 100 mm depth. The SSF was kept moist for 21 days for biofilm layer (schmutzdecke) to fully develop, which is essential for trapping bacteria. Two SSFs fabricated consist of SSF+GAC as Filter 1, SSF+GAC+MF as Filter 2 and Control (Raw water without passing through filter. Water samples were collected from the filter and analyzed. The flow rate of Filter was 25 litres/h Total bacteria counts(TBC) for Filter 1 and Filter 2 and control were 2.4, 4.6 and 8.1 cfu/mg, respectively. Total coliform count for Filter 1 and Filter 2 and control were 1.7, 3.0 and 6.4 cfu/100mL, respectively. The filters reduced water hardness, turbidity, lead, copper, electrical conductivity and TBC by 53.13-73.44% but increased pH from 5.8 to 7.1-7.3. SSF is recommended for water purification in the rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetised%20water" title="magnetised water">magnetised water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sow%20sand%20filter" title=" sow sand filter"> sow sand filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portable%20water" title=" portable water"> portable water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon"> activated carbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169477/impact-of-activated-carbon-and-magnetic-field-in-slow-sand-filter-on-water-purification-for-rural-dwellers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5151</span> Linear MIMO Model Identification Using an Extended Kalman Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20C.%20Best">Matthew C. Best</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linear Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) dynamic models can be identified, with no a priori knowledge of model structure or order, using a new Generalised Identifying Filter (GIF). Based on an Extended Kalman Filter, the new filter identifies the model iteratively, in a continuous modal canonical form, using only input and output time histories. The filter’s self-propagating state error covariance matrix allows easy determination of convergence and conditioning, and by progressively increasing model order, the best fitting reduced-order model can be identified. The method is shown to be resistant to noise and can easily be extended to identification of smoothly nonlinear systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20identification" title="system identification">system identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20model" title=" linear model"> linear model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20order%20reduction" title=" model order reduction"> model order reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24532/linear-mimo-model-identification-using-an-extended-kalman-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5150</span> Bird-Adapted Filter for Avian Species and Individual Identification Systems Improvement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ladislav%20Ptacek">Ladislav Ptacek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Vanek"> Jan Vanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Eisner"> Jan Eisner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Pruchova"> Alexandra Pruchova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Linhart"> Pavel Linhart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludek%20Muller"> Ludek Muller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Jirotkova"> Dana Jirotkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the essential steps of avian song processing is signal filtering. Currently, the standard methods of filtering are the Mel Bank Filter or linear filter distribution. In this article, a new type of bank filter called the Bird-Adapted Filter is introduced; whereby the signal filtering is modifiable, based upon a new mathematical description of audiograms for particular bird species or order, which was named the Avian Audiogram Unified Equation. According to the method, filters may be deliberately distributed by frequency. The filters are more concentrated in bands of higher sensitivity where there is expected to be more information transmitted and vice versa. Further, it is demonstrated a comparison of various filters for automatic individual recognition of chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita). The average Equal Error Rate (EER) value for Linear bank filter was 16.23%, for Mel Bank Filter 18.71%, the Bird-Adapted Filter gave 14.29%, and Bird-Adapted Filter with 1/3 modification was 12.95%. This approach would be useful for practical use in automatic systems for avian species and individual identification. Since the Bird-Adapted Filter filtration is based on the measured audiograms of particular species or orders, selecting the distribution according to the avian vocalization provides the most precise filter distribution to date. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avian%20audiogram" title="avian audiogram">avian audiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bird%20individual%20identification" title=" bird individual identification"> bird individual identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bird%20song%20processing" title=" bird song processing"> bird song processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bird%20species%20recognition" title=" bird species recognition"> bird species recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20bank" title=" filter bank"> filter bank</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71830/bird-adapted-filter-for-avian-species-and-individual-identification-systems-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5149</span> Effect of Bilateral and Unilateral Castration on Feed Utilization and Carcass Characteristics of Growers Rabbit (Orytolagus cunniculus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Dikko">A. H. Dikko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N%20Tsado"> D. N Tsado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20T.%20Rita"> M. S. T. Rita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Umar"> D. S. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted on eighteen (18) New Zealand and chinchilla breeds of rabbits were used. The rabbits were allotted to 3 treatments with each treatment having six (6) animals with two (2) replicates. T1 were castrated, which both testes was removed (Bilateral); T2 were castrated, which only one testes was removed (unilateral) and T3 were not castrated (control). In nutrient digestibility, T1 and T2 (p>0.05) has a higher rate than T3. There was no significant (p<0.05) difference in live weight and dressing weight among the treatment groups. There is a significant (p > 0.05) difference in visceral organs in the treatment groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinchilla" title=" chinchilla"> chinchilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castration" title=" castration"> castration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral" title=" bilateral"> bilateral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unilateral" title=" unilateral"> unilateral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15420/effect-of-bilateral-and-unilateral-castration-on-feed-utilization-and-carcass-characteristics-of-growers-rabbit-orytolagus-cunniculus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5148</span> Fast Accurate Detection of Frequency Jumps Using Kalman Filter with Non Linear Improvements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20E.%20Mohamed">Mahmoud E. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20F.%20Shalash"> Ahmed F. Shalash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Kamal"> Hanan A. Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In communication systems, frequency jump is a serious problem caused by the oscillators used. Kalman filters are used to detect that jump, Despite the tradeoff between the noise level and the speed of the detection. In this paper, An improvement is introduced in the Kalman filter, Through a nonlinear change in the bandwidth of the filter. Simulation results show a considerable improvement in the filter speed with a very low noise level. Additionally, The effect on the response to false alarms is also presented and false alarm rate show improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title="Kalman filter">Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20detection" title=" false detection"> false detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement "> improvement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7978/fast-accurate-detection-of-frequency-jumps-using-kalman-filter-with-non-linear-improvements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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