PDB-101: Molecule of the Month By Category

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0;max-height:80px;"> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(9)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-9" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Antimicrobial Resistance</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - bacteria have evolved powerful defenses against antibiotics (9)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_9"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a> <p><i>February 2012</i></p> <p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria build enzymes that destroy drugs like streptomycin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a> <p><i>October 2018</i></p> <p>Bacteria become resistant to aminoglycosides by destroying them or changing their target.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2002</i></p> <p>DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a> <p><i>November 2007</i></p> <p>Many bacteria use multidrug resistance transporters to pump drugs and poisons out of the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a> <p><i>July 2015</i></p> <p>Antibiotics can save lives, but antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria pose a dangerous threat</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a> <p><i>May 2002</i></p> <p>Penicillin attacks the proteins that build bacterial cell walls</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a> <p><i>August 2015</i></p> <p>Tetrahydrobiopterin plays an essential role in the production of aromatic amino acids, neurotransmitters and nitric oxide.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a> <p><i>December 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic vancomycin blocks the construction of bacterial cell walls.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(5)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-5" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Cancer</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - cells growing without controls (40)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_5"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/160"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/160/160-Actinomycin_173d_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/160">Actinomycin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/177"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/177/177-Apoptosomes_human_apoptosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/177">Apoptosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/283"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/283/1opk_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/283">c-Abl Protein Kinase and Imatinib </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/255"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/255/255-Cisplatin_and_DNA-1ckt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/255">Cisplatin and DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/236"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/236/236-Cyclin_and_Cyclindependent_Kinase-1fin_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/236">Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/126"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/126/mom126_egfr-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/126">Epidermal Growth Factor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/268"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/268/Figure1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/268">HER2/neu and Trastuzumab </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/108"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/108/2cg9_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/108">Hsp90</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/230"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/230/230-Initiation_Factor_eIF4E-1rf8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/230">Initiation Factor eIF4E</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/234"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/234/234-MDM2_and_Cancer-MDM2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/234">MDM2 and Cancer</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/271"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/271/7lsy_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/271">Non-Homologous End Joining Supercomplexes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/31"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/31/p53-unbound-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/31">p53 Tumor Suppressor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/270"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/270/4fxf_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/270">Pyruvate Kinase M2</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/195"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/195/195-Raf_Protein_Kinases-raf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/195">RAF Protein Kinases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/148"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/148/148-RasProtein_5p21-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/148">Ras Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/238"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/238/238-Ribonucleotide_Reductase-1mrr_3r1r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/238">Ribonucleotide Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/47"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/47/1sva_DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/47">Simian Virus 40</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/267"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/267/5t89_homepage_new-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/267">Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) and Angiogenesis</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/160"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/160/160-Actinomycin_173d_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/160">Actinomycin</a> <p><i>April 2013</i></p> <p>Some antibiotics attack cells by intercalating between the bases in a DNA double helix</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a> <p><i>March 2023</i></p> <p>APC/C guards the checkpoints that regulate key steps in the cell cycle</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/177"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/177/177-Apoptosomes_human_apoptosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/177">Apoptosomes</a> <p><i>September 2014</i></p> <p>Apoptosomes make life or death decisions in cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a> <p><i>August 2023</i></p> <p>Dividing cells use ATM and ATR kinases to respond to DNA damage.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/283"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/283/1opk_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/283">c-Abl Protein Kinase and Imatinib </a> <p><i>July 2023</i></p> <p>Protein kinases are being targeted by new anti-cancer drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a> <p><i>August 2004</i></p> <p>Caspases disassemble proteins during the process of programmed cell death</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a> <p><i>October 2017</i></p> <p>T cells may be engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to attack cancer cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/255"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/255/255-Cisplatin_and_DNA-1ckt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/255">Cisplatin and DNA</a> <p><i>March 2021</i></p> <p>Cisplatin treats cancer by causing damage to the DNA of cancer cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/236"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/236/236-Cyclin_and_Cyclindependent_Kinase-1fin_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/236">Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent Kinase</a> <p><i>August 2019</i></p> <p>Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control when cells divide, making them important targets for cancer therapy.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2002</i></p> <p>DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/126"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/126/mom126_egfr-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/126">Epidermal Growth Factor</a> <p><i>June 2010</i></p> <p>EGF is part of a family of proteins that controls aspects of cell growth and development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a> <p><i>August 2017</i></p> <p>Glutathione transferase tags toxic molecules, making them easy to recognize and remove.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a> <p><i>December 2020</i></p> <p>Structures of hepatitis C viral proteins have led to the discovery of direct-acting antivirals.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/268"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/268/Figure1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/268">HER2/neu and Trastuzumab </a> <p><i>April 2022</i></p> <p>Trastuzumab monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 receptors are at the forefront of breast cancer treatment</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a> <p><i>September 2023</i></p> <p>Histone deacetylases regulate access to genetic information by modifying histones</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/108"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/108/2cg9_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/108">Hsp90</a> <p><i>December 2008</i></p> <p>Heat shock proteins ensure that proteins remain folded and active under harsh conditions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a> <p><i>May 2018</i></p> <p>The capsid protein of papillomavirus is used in vaccines that prevent cervical cancer.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/230"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/230/230-Initiation_Factor_eIF4E-1rf8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/230">Initiation Factor eIF4E</a> <p><i>February 2019</i></p> <p>Initiation factors for protein synthesis interact through disordered chains.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a> <p><i>February 2005</i></p> <p>MHC displays peptides on the surfaces of cells, allowing the immune system to sense the infection inside</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/234"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/234/234-MDM2_and_Cancer-MDM2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/234">MDM2 and Cancer</a> <p><i>June 2019</i></p> <p>MDM2 controls the action of p53 tumor suppressor, making it a target for cancer chemotherapy.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a> <p><i>July 2014</i></p> <p>The largest filaments of the cytoskeleton provide tracks for transport throughout the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a> <p><i>September 2019</i></p> <p>Nanodiscs conveniently package a small piece of membrane for experimental studies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a> <p><i>May 2022</i></p> <p>Nicotine causes addiction by interacting with receptors in the brain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/271"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/271/7lsy_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/271">Non-Homologous End Joining Supercomplexes</a> <p><i>July 2022</i></p> <p>Lethal double-strand breaks in the DNA genome are repaired by NHEJ</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/31"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/31/p53-unbound-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/31">p53 Tumor Suppressor</a> <p><i>July 2002</i></p> <p>p53 tumor suppressor protects the body from DNA damage and cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a> <p><i>December 2016</i></p> <p>PD-1 and its ligands are a new target for cancer therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/270"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/270/4fxf_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/270">Pyruvate Kinase M2</a> <p><i>June 2022</i></p> <p>Pyruvate kinases are the paradoxical gatekeepers for cancer cell metabolism and growth.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/195"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/195/195-Raf_Protein_Kinases-raf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/195">RAF Protein Kinases</a> <p><i>March 2016</i></p> <p>A single mutation in a RAF protein kinase can help transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/148"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/148/148-RasProtein_5p21-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/148">Ras Protein</a> <p><i>April 2012</i></p> <p>Mutation of the growth-controlling ras protein can lead to cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a> <p><i>April 2014</i></p> <p>Broken DNA strands may be repaired by matching sequences in a duplicate copy of the DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/238"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/238/238-Ribonucleotide_Reductase-1mrr_3r1r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/238">Ribonucleotide Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2019</i></p> <p>Ribonucleotide reductase creates the building blocks of DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/47"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/47/1sva_DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/47">Simian Virus 40</a> <p><i>November 2003</i></p> <p>SV40 hijacks the cells it infects using only a handful of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a> <p><i>February 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a> <p><i>May 2020</i></p> <p>Cryoelectron microscropy is revealing how spliceosomes cut-and-paste messenger RNA molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a> <p><i>July 2003</i></p> <p>Growth signaling proteins play an important role in the development of cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a> <p><i>November 2018</i></p> <p>Telomerase maintains the ends of our chromosomes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a> <p><i>July 2007</i></p> <p>Ultraviolet light damages our DNA, but our cells have ways to correct the damage</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a> <p><i>January 2006</i></p> <p>Topoisomerases untangle and reduce the tension of DNA strands in the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/267"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/267/5t89_homepage_new-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/267">Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) and Angiogenesis</a> <p><i>March 2022</i></p> <p>VegF promotes blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), affecting cancer proliferation, wound healing, and other bodily processes.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(35)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-35" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Coronavirus</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - coronavirus structures and the search for a cure (7)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_35"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/242"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/242/243-Coronavirus_Proteases-6lu7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/242">Coronavirus Proteases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/264"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/264/SWISSmodel_7kj2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/264">SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/242"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/242/243-Coronavirus_Proteases-6lu7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/242">Coronavirus Proteases</a> <p><i>February 2020</i></p> <p>Coronavirus proteases are attractive targets for the design of antiviral drugs.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a> <p><i>June 2021</i></p> <p>An anti-inflammatory drug has given us a new way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a> <p><i>February 2023</i></p> <p>Home test kits for SARS-CoV-2 test for the presence of nucleocapsid, the protein that packages the viral genome in infectious virions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>September 2020</i></p> <p>Coronaviruses duplicate their RNA genome using a specialized polymerase</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a> <p><i>June 2020</i></p> <p>Coronavirus spike protein binds to receptors on cell surfaces, and is a target for vaccine development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a> <p><i>April 2021</i></p> <p>Structural biologists are revealing the many ways that antibodies recognize SARS-CoV-2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/264"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/264/SWISSmodel_7kj2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/264">SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants</a> <p><i>December 2021</i></p> <p>SARS-CoV-2 is constantly changing, posing new challenges during the COVID19 pandemic</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(4)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-4" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Diabetes</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - causes and cures (8)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_4"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/194"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/194/194-Designer_Insulins-1trz-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/194">Designer Insulins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/202"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/202/202-Dipeptidyl_Peptidase4-1nu8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/202">Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/184"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/184/184-Glucagon_glucagonreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/184">Glucagon</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/208"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/208/208-Glucose_Transporters-4pyp_4zwc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/208">Glucose Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/182"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/182/182-InsulinReceptor_insulinreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/182">Insulin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/186"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/186/186-ReceptorForAdvancedGlycationEndProducts_4lp5_figure-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/186">Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/194"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/194/194-Designer_Insulins-1trz-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/194">Designer Insulins</a> <p><i>February 2016</i></p> <p>Engineered insulins have been developed to improve treatment of diabetes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/202"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/202/202-Dipeptidyl_Peptidase4-1nu8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/202">Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4</a> <p><i>October 2016</i></p> <p>Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 are used to treat type-2 diabetes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/184"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/184/184-Glucagon_glucagonreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/184">Glucagon</a> <p><i>April 2015</i></p> <p>Glucagon triggers the release of glucose into the blood, to power cells throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2006</i></p> <p>Glucose oxidase measures blood glucose level in biosensors</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/208"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/208/208-Glucose_Transporters-4pyp_4zwc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/208">Glucose Transporters</a> <p><i>April 2017</i></p> <p>Glucose transporters deliver glucose molecules one-by-one across cell membranes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a> <p><i>February 2001</i></p> <p>The hormone insulin helps control the level of glucose in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/182"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/182/182-InsulinReceptor_insulinreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/182">Insulin Receptor</a> <p><i>February 2015</i></p> <p>The cellular receptor for insulin helps control the utilization of glucose by cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/186"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/186/186-ReceptorForAdvancedGlycationEndProducts_4lp5_figure-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/186">Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products</a> <p><i>June 2015</i></p> <p>RAGE recognizes sugar-modified proteins, contributing to an inflammatory response that plays a role in diabetes</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(8)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-8" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Drug Action</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - antibiotics, therapeutics and their molecular targets (33)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_8"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/160"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/160/160-Actinomycin_173d_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/160">Actinomycin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/276"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/276/1q83_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/276">Click Chemistry</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/191"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/191/191-GlutamateGatedChlorideReceptors_3rif-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/191">Glutamate-gated Chloride Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/133"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/133/133-NitricOxideSynthase_nNOS-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/133">Nitric Oxide Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/123"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/123/3g61_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/123">P-glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/160"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/160/160-Actinomycin_173d_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/160">Actinomycin</a> <p><i>April 2013</i></p> <p>Some antibiotics attack cells by intercalating between the bases in a DNA double helix</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a> <p><i>April 2008</i></p> <p>Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a> <p><i>February 2012</i></p> <p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria build enzymes that destroy drugs like streptomycin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a> <p><i>October 2018</i></p> <p>Bacteria become resistant to aminoglycosides by destroying them or changing their target.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a> <p><i>March 2023</i></p> <p>APC/C guards the checkpoints that regulate key steps in the cell cycle</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a> <p><i>July 2009</i></p> <p>Beta-secretase trims proteins in the cell and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/276"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/276/1q83_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/276">Click Chemistry</a> <p><i>December 2022</i></p> <p>A modular approach to chemistry simplifies the construction of complex protein-targeting molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a> <p><i>May 2001</i></p> <p>Aspirin attacks an important enzyme in pain signaling and blood clotting</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a> <p><i>October 2006</i></p> <p>Cytochrome p450 detoxifies and solubilizes drugs and poisons by modifying them with oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2002</i></p> <p>DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a> <p><i>June 2021</i></p> <p>An anti-inflammatory drug has given us a new way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/191"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/191/191-GlutamateGatedChlorideReceptors_3rif-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/191">Glutamate-gated Chloride Receptors</a> <p><i>November 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic ivermectin attacks glutamate-gated chloride channels, paralyzing parasitic worms.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a> <p><i>August 2017</i></p> <p>Glutathione transferase tags toxic molecules, making them easy to recognize and remove.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a> <p><i>September 2023</i></p> <p>Histone deacetylases regulate access to genetic information by modifying histones</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>January 2014</i></p> <p>Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a> <p><i>May 2009</i></p> <p>Neuraminidase is an important target for influenza drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a> <p><i>March 2011</i></p> <p>HIV integrase allows HIV to insert itself into the genome of an infected cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a> <p><i>August 2010</i></p> <p>Interferons mobilize defenses against viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>June 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells temporarily build lactate when supplies of oxygen are low</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a> <p><i>July 2014</i></p> <p>The largest filaments of the cytoskeleton provide tracks for transport throughout the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a> <p><i>November 2007</i></p> <p>Many bacteria use multidrug resistance transporters to pump drugs and poisons out of the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a> <p><i>March 2014</i></p> <p>Neurotransmitters are transported out of nerve synapses to end a signal transmission</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a> <p><i>July 2015</i></p> <p>Antibiotics can save lives, but antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria pose a dangerous threat</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/133"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/133/133-NitricOxideSynthase_nNOS-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/133">Nitric Oxide Synthase</a> <p><i>January 2011</i></p> <p>Nitric oxide gas is used as a rapid-acting hormone and as a powerful defense </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a> <p><i>January 2018</i></p> <p>Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/123"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/123/3g61_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/123">P-glycoprotein</a> <p><i>March 2010</i></p> <p>P-glycoprotein pumps toxic molecules out of our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a> <p><i>May 2002</i></p> <p>Penicillin attacks the proteins that build bacterial cell walls</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2013</i></p> <p>Serotonin receptors control mood, emotion, and many other behaviors, and are targets for many important drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a> <p><i>August 2015</i></p> <p>Tetrahydrobiopterin plays an essential role in the production of aromatic amino acids, neurotransmitters and nitric oxide.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a> <p><i>December 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic vancomycin blocks the construction of bacterial cell walls.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(33)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-33" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Drugs and the Brain</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - molecules for mental health (12)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_33"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/235"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/235/235-AMPA_Receptor-3kg2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/235">AMPA Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/247"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/247/247-Myelinassociated_Glycoprotein-5lf5_homepage3-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/247">Myelin-associated Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/243"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/243/242-Voltagegated_Sodium_Channels-6j8j_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/243">Voltage-gated Sodium Channels</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2005</i></p> <p>The neurotransmitter acetylcholine opens a protein channel, stimulating muscle contraction</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a> <p><i>June 2004</i></p> <p>Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a> <p><i>April 2008</i></p> <p>Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/235"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/235/235-AMPA_Receptor-3kg2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/235">AMPA Receptor</a> <p><i>July 2019</i></p> <p>Receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate in our brain come in several shapes and sizes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a> <p><i>March 2004</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have captured the calcium pump in action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a> <p><i>October 2020</i></p> <p>TRPV1 is an ion channel that senses heat and contributes to pain sensation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2004</i></p> <p>G proteins receive signals from cellular receptors and deliver them inside the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/247"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/247/247-Myelinassociated_Glycoprotein-5lf5_homepage3-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/247">Myelin-associated Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>July 2020</i></p> <p>Nerve axons are insulated and protected by a sheath of myelin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a> <p><i>January 2018</i></p> <p>Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a> <p><i>July 2018</i></p> <p>Mechanosensitive ion channels give our cells a sense of touch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a> <p><i>October 2009</i></p> <p>Cells continually pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in, powered by ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/243"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/243/242-Voltagegated_Sodium_Channels-6j8j_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/243">Voltage-gated Sodium Channels</a> <p><i>March 2020</i></p> <p>Voltage-gated sodium channels transmit signals in a wave through the nervous system.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(3)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-3" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>HIV and AIDS</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the virus and how we fight it (8)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_3"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/6"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/6/3hvp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/6">HIV-1 Protease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a> <p><i>February 2014</i></p> <p>Structural studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies are paving the way to vaccines for HIV, influenza and RSV</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a> <p><i>January 2015</i></p> <p>Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a> <p><i>July 2013</i></p> <p>At the center of HIV, an unusual cone-shaped capsid protects the viral genome and delivers it into infected cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>January 2014</i></p> <p>Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a> <p><i>September 2002</i></p> <p>HIV builds a DNA copy of its RNA genome, providing a unique target for drug therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/6"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/6/3hvp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/6">HIV-1 Protease</a> <p><i>June 2000</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of HIV protease have been used to design powerful drugs for HIV therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a> <p><i>March 2011</i></p> <p>HIV integrase allows HIV to insert itself into the genome of an infected cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a> <p><i>March 2005</i></p> <p>Lymphocytes use T-cell receptors to patrol the body for foreign molecules</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(2)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-2" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Immune System</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - our protection from infection (25)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_2"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/162"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/162/162-Dermcidin_2ymk_twoviews-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/162">Dermcidin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/178"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/178/178-Ebola_Virus_Proteins-EbolaProteins2018-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/178">Ebola Virus Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/76"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/76/76_1ruz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/76">Hemagglutinin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/224"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/224/224-Legumain-4awb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/224">Legumain</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/280"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/280/7qpd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/280">MHC I Peptide Loading Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/136"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/136/136-Nanobodies_antibody_nanobody-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/136">Nanobodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/272"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/272/3chn_6ue7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/272">Secretory Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/193"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/193/193-Siderocalin-3cmp_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/193">Siderocalin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/143"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/143/143-TollLikeReceptors_3fxi_2j67-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/143">Toll-like Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a> <p><i>September 2001</i></p> <p>Antibodies search for foreign molecules in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a> <p><i>February 2014</i></p> <p>Structural studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies are paving the way to vaccines for HIV, influenza and RSV</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a> <p><i>October 2017</i></p> <p>T cells may be engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to attack cancer cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/162"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/162/162-Dermcidin_2ymk_twoviews-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/162">Dermcidin</a> <p><i>June 2013</i></p> <p>Small toxic peptides help protect us from bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/178"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/178/178-Ebola_Virus_Proteins-EbolaProteins2018-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/178">Ebola Virus Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2014</i></p> <p>Structures of ebola virus proteins are giving new hope for fighting this deadly virus</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/76"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/76/76_1ruz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/76">Hemagglutinin</a> <p><i>April 2006</i></p> <p>Influenza virus binds to cells and infects them using hemagglutinin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a> <p><i>May 2009</i></p> <p>Neuraminidase is an important target for influenza drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a> <p><i>August 2010</i></p> <p>Interferons mobilize defenses against viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/224"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/224/224-Legumain-4awb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/224">Legumain</a> <p><i>August 2018</i></p> <p>Legumain cleaves proteins, and can also put them back together.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a> <p><i>September 2000</i></p> <p>Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a> <p><i>February 2005</i></p> <p>MHC displays peptides on the surfaces of cells, allowing the immune system to sense the infection inside</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a> <p><i>March 2019</i></p> <p>Six proteins in measles virus work together to infect cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/280"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/280/7qpd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/280">MHC I Peptide Loading Complex</a> <p><i>April 2023</i></p> <p>Several steps of quality control optimize the peptides that are displayed by MHC I.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/136"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/136/136-Nanobodies_antibody_nanobody-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/136">Nanobodies</a> <p><i>April 2011</i></p> <p>Unusual antibodies from camels are useful in research and medicine</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a> <p><i>December 2016</i></p> <p>PD-1 and its ligands are a new target for cancer therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>October 2023</i></p> <p>Structures of the fusion glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were used to engineer effective vaccines to fight viral infection.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a> <p><i>February 2023</i></p> <p>Home test kits for SARS-CoV-2 test for the presence of nucleocapsid, the protein that packages the viral genome in infectious virions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a> <p><i>April 2021</i></p> <p>Structural biologists are revealing the many ways that antibodies recognize SARS-CoV-2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/272"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/272/3chn_6ue7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/272">Secretory Antibodies</a> <p><i>August 2022</i></p> <p>Secretory immunoglobulins are our most abundant antibodies, providing a first line of defense against pathogens.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/193"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/193/193-Siderocalin-3cmp_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/193">Siderocalin</a> <p><i>January 2016</i></p> <p>Our innate immune system starves bacteria of iron using siderocalin.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a> <p><i>February 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a> <p><i>March 2005</i></p> <p>Lymphocytes use T-cell receptors to patrol the body for foreign molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a> <p><i>May 2017</i></p> <p>Tissue transglutaminase staples proteins together by forming a chemical crosslink.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/143"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/143/143-TollLikeReceptors_3fxi_2j67-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/143">Toll-like Receptors</a> <p><i>November 2011</i></p> <p>Toll-like receptors warn us about bacterial and viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a> <p><i>November 2023</i></p> <p>Plants protect themselves from infection with immune system machines such as the resistosome</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(37)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-37" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Infectious Disease</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - fighting microbial dangers (12)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_37"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/28"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/28/anthrax-toxin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/28">Anthrax Toxin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/69"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/69/1xtc-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/69">Cholera Toxin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/294"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/294/7ah9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/294">Injectisome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/299"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/299/6e10_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/299">Malaria Parasite PTEX</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/143"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/143/143-TollLikeReceptors_3fxi_2j67-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/143">Toll-like Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/146"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/146/146-AminoglycosideAntibiotics_3frh_3pb3-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/146">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics</a> <p><i>February 2012</i></p> <p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria build enzymes that destroy drugs like streptomycin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/226"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/226/226-Aminoglycoside_Antibiotics_and_Resistance-1fjg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/226">Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance</a> <p><i>October 2018</i></p> <p>Bacteria become resistant to aminoglycosides by destroying them or changing their target.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/28"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/28/anthrax-toxin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/28">Anthrax Toxin</a> <p><i>April 2002</i></p> <p>Anthrax bacteria build a deadly three-part toxin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/69"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/69/1xtc-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/69">Cholera Toxin</a> <p><i>September 2005</i></p> <p>Many bacterial toxins have two parts: one that finds a cell, the other that kills it</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/294"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/294/7ah9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/294">Injectisome</a> <p><i>June 2024</i></p> <p>Salmonella bacteria inject a cocktail of effector proteins into cells to disable their defenses.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/299"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/299/6e10_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/299">Malaria Parasite PTEX</a> <p><i>November 2024</i></p> <p>The parasite that causes malaria exports hundreds of proteins to remodel the cells that it infects.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a> <p><i>July 2015</i></p> <p>Antibiotics can save lives, but antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria pose a dangerous threat</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a> <p><i>May 2002</i></p> <p>Penicillin attacks the proteins that build bacterial cell walls</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a> <p><i>July 2017</i></p> <p>A molecular machine with a rotary motor builds a long protein filament involved in bacterial motility and attachment.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/143"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/143/143-TollLikeReceptors_3fxi_2j67-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/143">Toll-like Receptors</a> <p><i>November 2011</i></p> <p>Toll-like receptors warn us about bacterial and viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a> <p><i>December 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic vancomycin blocks the construction of bacterial cell walls.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(36)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-36" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Peak Performance</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the structural biology of athletics and well-being (37)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_36"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/144"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/144/144-ComplexI_3m9s_3rko-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/144">Complex I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/196"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/196/196-Lead_Poisoning-1qnv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/196">Lead Poisoning</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/18"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/18/1b7t-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/18">Myosin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/282"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/282/8f76_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/282">Odorant Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/273"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/273/5xth_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/273">Respiratory Supercomplex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/288"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/288/3fpz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/288">Vitamins</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a> <p><i>November 2021</i></p> <p>In plants, AHAS performs the first step in synthesis of three essential amino acids, making it an effective target for herbicides.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a> <p><i>April 2008</i></p> <p>Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>January 2001</i></p> <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a> <p><i>August 2007</i></p> <p>Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a> <p><i>October 2024</i></p> <p>Many medications for controlling high blood pressure inhibit the action of the peptide hormone angiotensin.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a> <p><i>December 2005</i></p> <p>ATP synthase links two rotary motors to generate ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a> <p><i>March 2004</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have captured the calcium pump in action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a> <p><i>January 2004</i></p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase solubilizes carbon dioxide gas so we can breathe it out</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a> <p><i>September 2004</i></p> <p>Catalase protects us from dangerous reactive oxidizing molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a> <p><i>October 2012</i></p> <p>Eight enzymes form a cyclic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/144"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/144/144-ComplexI_3m9s_3rko-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/144">Complex I</a> <p><i>December 2011</i></p> <p>A proton-pumping protein complex performs the first step of the respiratory electron transport chain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2000</i></p> <p>Cytochrome oxidase extracts energy from food using oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a> <p><i>June 2007</i></p> <p>Fatty acids are constructed in many sequential steps by a large protein complex</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a> <p><i>December 2001</i></p> <p>Glycogen phosphorylase releases sugar from its cellular storehouse</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a> <p><i>February 2004</i></p> <p>The ten enzymes of glycolysis break down sugar in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a> <p><i>April 2004</i></p> <p>Growth hormone brings together two copies of its cellular receptor</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a> <p><i>December 2019</i></p> <p>HIF-伪 is a molecular switch that responds to changing oxygen levels.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>June 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells temporarily build lactate when supplies of oxygen are low</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/196"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/196/196-Lead_Poisoning-1qnv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/196">Lead Poisoning</a> <p><i>April 2016</i></p> <p>Lead ions poison proteins throughout the body, blocking their normal function.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a> <p><i>May 2012</i></p> <p>Problems with the appetite-controlling hormone leptin can lead to obesity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a> <p><i>July 2016</i></p> <p>Monellin and other supersweet proteins trick our taste receptors.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/18"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/18/1b7t-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/18">Myosin</a> <p><i>June 2001</i></p> <p>Molecular motors fueled by ATP power the contraction of muscles</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a> <p><i>May 2022</i></p> <p>Nicotine causes addiction by interacting with receptors in the brain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/282"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/282/8f76_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/282">Odorant Receptors</a> <p><i>June 2023</i></p> <p>Our sense of smell relies on odorant receptors that recognize specific scents.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a> <p><i>January 2018</i></p> <p>Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a> <p><i>December 2007</i></p> <p>Oxidosqualine cyclase forms the unusual fused rings of cholesterol molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a> <p><i>September 2012</i></p> <p>A huge molecular complex links three sequential reactions for energy production</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/273"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/273/5xth_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/273">Respiratory Supercomplex</a> <p><i>September 2022</i></p> <p>In our mitochondria, three electron-transport complexes assemble into a supercomplex.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2012</i></p> <p>In our eyes, rhodopsin uses the molecule retinal to see light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2019</i></p> <p>Nitric oxide is attached to a conserved cysteine in hemoglobin and then released to control the flow of blood.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2013</i></p> <p>Serotonin receptors control mood, emotion, and many other behaviors, and are targets for many important drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a> <p><i>October 2007</i></p> <p>Superoxide dismutase protects us from dangerously reactive forms of oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2012</i></p> <p>Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/288"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/288/3fpz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/288">Vitamins</a> <p><i>December 2023</i></p> <p>Vitamins are essential molecular tools that are obtained through a healthy diet.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(7)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-7" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Toxins and Poisons</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - attacking essential molecular machinery (17)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_7"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/19"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/19/19-Actin-actin18-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/19">Actin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/28"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/28/anthrax-toxin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/28">Anthrax Toxin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/69"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/69/1xtc-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/69">Cholera Toxin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/196"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/196/196-Lead_Poisoning-1qnv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/196">Lead Poisoning</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/239"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/239/239-Phospholipase_A2-1bp2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/239">Phospholipase A2</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2005</i></p> <p>The neurotransmitter acetylcholine opens a protein channel, stimulating muscle contraction</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a> <p><i>June 2004</i></p> <p>Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/19"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/19/19-Actin-actin18-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/19">Actin</a> <p><i>July 2001</i></p> <p>Cells are supported by a cytoskeleton of protein filaments</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/28"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/28/anthrax-toxin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/28">Anthrax Toxin</a> <p><i>April 2002</i></p> <p>Anthrax bacteria build a deadly three-part toxin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a> <p><i>May 2014</i></p> <p>Aquaporins create a channel for water molecules to cross through cell membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/69"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/69/1xtc-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/69">Cholera Toxin</a> <p><i>September 2005</i></p> <p>Many bacterial toxins have two parts: one that finds a cell, the other that kills it</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a> <p><i>October 2006</i></p> <p>Cytochrome p450 detoxifies and solubilizes drugs and poisons by modifying them with oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2004</i></p> <p>G proteins receive signals from cellular receptors and deliver them inside the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a> <p><i>August 2017</i></p> <p>Glutathione transferase tags toxic molecules, making them easy to recognize and remove.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/196"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/196/196-Lead_Poisoning-1qnv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/196">Lead Poisoning</a> <p><i>April 2016</i></p> <p>Lead ions poison proteins throughout the body, blocking their normal function.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/239"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/239/239-Phospholipase_A2-1bp2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/239">Phospholipase A2</a> <p><i>November 2019</i></p> <p>Phospholipase A2 breaks membrane lipids, forming molecules that contribute to inflammation and pain signaling.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a> <p><i>February 2003</i></p> <p>Potassium channels allow potassium ions to pass, but block smaller sodium ions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a> <p><i>May 2013</i></p> <p>The structure of ricin reveals how it kills cells and how vaccines can produce immunity against ricin poisoning</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>April 2003</i></p> <p>RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a> <p><i>October 2009</i></p> <p>Cells continually pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in, powered by ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a> <p><i>January 2006</i></p> <p>Topoisomerases untangle and reduce the tension of DNA strands in the cell</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(38)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-38" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Vaccines</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - exploring the molecular basis of vaccinations (15)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_38"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/103"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/103/103_1k4r-1ok8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/103">Dengue Virus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/6"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/6/3hvp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/6">HIV-1 Protease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/20"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/20/picornaviruses-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/20">Poliovirus and Rhinovirus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a> <p><i>December 2010</i></p> <p>Adenovirus has an icosahedral capsid with unusual cell-binding fibers</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a> <p><i>February 2014</i></p> <p>Structural studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies are paving the way to vaccines for HIV, influenza and RSV</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/103"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/103/103_1k4r-1ok8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/103">Dengue Virus</a> <p><i>July 2008</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of dengue virus are giving new hope for creation of a vaccine</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a> <p><i>October 2021</i></p> <p>The Protein Data Bank is celebrating its golden anniversary!</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>January 2014</i></p> <p>Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/6"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/6/3hvp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/6">HIV-1 Protease</a> <p><i>June 2000</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of HIV protease have been used to design powerful drugs for HIV therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a> <p><i>May 2018</i></p> <p>The capsid protein of papillomavirus is used in vaccines that prevent cervical cancer.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a> <p><i>May 2009</i></p> <p>Neuraminidase is an important target for influenza drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a> <p><i>March 2019</i></p> <p>Six proteins in measles virus work together to infect cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a> <p><i>May 2010</i></p> <p>Viruses that cause distemper are surrounded by an icosahedral capsid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/20"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/20/picornaviruses-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/20">Poliovirus and Rhinovirus</a> <p><i>August 2001</i></p> <p>Crystallographic structures reveal the atomic details of viruses and how to fight them</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a> <p><i>May 2013</i></p> <p>The structure of ricin reveals how it kills cells and how vaccines can produce immunity against ricin poisoning</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>October 2023</i></p> <p>Structures of the fusion glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were used to engineer effective vaccines to fight viral infection.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a> <p><i>June 2020</i></p> <p>Coronavirus spike protein binds to receptors on cell surfaces, and is a target for vaccine development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a> <p><i>April 2021</i></p> <p>Structural biologists are revealing the many ways that antibodies recognize SARS-CoV-2</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(6)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-6" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Viruses</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - cellular hijackers (29)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_6"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/2"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/2/1cd3_mature-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/2">Bacteriophage phiX174</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/242"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/242/243-Coronavirus_Proteases-6lu7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/242">Coronavirus Proteases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/103"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/103/103_1k4r-1ok8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/103">Dengue Virus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/178"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/178/178-Ebola_Virus_Proteins-EbolaProteins2018-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/178">Ebola Virus Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/76"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/76/76_1ruz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/76">Hemagglutinin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/20"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/20/picornaviruses-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/20">Poliovirus and Rhinovirus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/200"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/200/200-Quasisymmetry_in_Icosahedral_Viruses-Quasisymmetry-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/200">Quasisymmetry in Icosahedral Viruses</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/47"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/47/1sva_DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/47">Simian Virus 40</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/109"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/109/2tmv_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/109">Tobacco Mosaic Virus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/292"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/292/8g02_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/292">YES Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/197"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/197/197-Zika_Virus-5ire_glyc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/197">Zika Virus</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a> <p><i>December 2010</i></p> <p>Adenovirus has an icosahedral capsid with unusual cell-binding fibers</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/2"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/2/1cd3_mature-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/2">Bacteriophage phiX174</a> <p><i>February 2000</i></p> <p>Bacteriophage phiX174 hijacks bacterial cells and forces them to make new copies of the virus</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/170"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/170/170-BroadlyNeutralizingAntibodies_4nco_bnAb-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/170">Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies</a> <p><i>February 2014</i></p> <p>Structural studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies are paving the way to vaccines for HIV, influenza and RSV</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/242"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/242/243-Coronavirus_Proteases-6lu7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/242">Coronavirus Proteases</a> <p><i>February 2020</i></p> <p>Coronavirus proteases are attractive targets for the design of antiviral drugs.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/103"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/103/103_1k4r-1ok8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/103">Dengue Virus</a> <p><i>July 2008</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of dengue virus are giving new hope for creation of a vaccine</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/178"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/178/178-Ebola_Virus_Proteins-EbolaProteins2018-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/178">Ebola Virus Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2014</i></p> <p>Structures of ebola virus proteins are giving new hope for fighting this deadly virus</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a> <p><i>June 2021</i></p> <p>An anti-inflammatory drug has given us a new way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/76"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/76/76_1ruz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/76">Hemagglutinin</a> <p><i>April 2006</i></p> <p>Influenza virus binds to cells and infects them using hemagglutinin</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a> <p><i>December 2020</i></p> <p>Structures of hepatitis C viral proteins have led to the discovery of direct-acting antivirals.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a> <p><i>July 2013</i></p> <p>At the center of HIV, an unusual cone-shaped capsid protects the viral genome and delivers it into infected cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>January 2014</i></p> <p>Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a> <p><i>September 2002</i></p> <p>HIV builds a DNA copy of its RNA genome, providing a unique target for drug therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/221"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/221/222-Human_Papillomavirus_and_Vaccines-6bt3-homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/221">Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines</a> <p><i>May 2018</i></p> <p>The capsid protein of papillomavirus is used in vaccines that prevent cervical cancer.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/113"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/113/113-Influenza_Neuraminidase-neuraminidases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/113">Influenza Neuraminidase</a> <p><i>May 2009</i></p> <p>Neuraminidase is an important target for influenza drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/135"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/135/mom135_3os1_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/135">Integrase</a> <p><i>March 2011</i></p> <p>HIV integrase allows HIV to insert itself into the genome of an infected cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/231"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/231/232-Measles_Virus_Proteins-4uft_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/231">Measles Virus Proteins</a> <p><i>March 2019</i></p> <p>Six proteins in measles virus work together to infect cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a> <p><i>May 2010</i></p> <p>Viruses that cause distemper are surrounded by an icosahedral capsid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/20"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/20/picornaviruses-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/20">Poliovirus and Rhinovirus</a> <p><i>August 2001</i></p> <p>Crystallographic structures reveal the atomic details of viruses and how to fight them</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/200"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/200/200-Quasisymmetry_in_Icosahedral_Viruses-Quasisymmetry-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/200">Quasisymmetry in Icosahedral Viruses</a> <p><i>August 2016</i></p> <p>Viruses use quasisymmetry to build large capsids out of many small subunits</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/286"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/286/4jhw_3rrr_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/286">RSV Fusion Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>October 2023</i></p> <p>Structures of the fusion glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were used to engineer effective vaccines to fight viral infection.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a> <p><i>February 2023</i></p> <p>Home test kits for SARS-CoV-2 test for the presence of nucleocapsid, the protein that packages the viral genome in infectious virions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>September 2020</i></p> <p>Coronaviruses duplicate their RNA genome using a specialized polymerase</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/246"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/246/246-Coronavirus_Spike-6crz_6vxx_homepage2-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/246">SARS-CoV-2 Spike</a> <p><i>June 2020</i></p> <p>Coronavirus spike protein binds to receptors on cell surfaces, and is a target for vaccine development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/256"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/256/256-SARSCoV2_Spike_and_Antibodies-Spike_Antibodies_Homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/256">SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies</a> <p><i>April 2021</i></p> <p>Structural biologists are revealing the many ways that antibodies recognize SARS-CoV-2</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/47"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/47/1sva_DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/47">Simian Virus 40</a> <p><i>November 2003</i></p> <p>SV40 hijacks the cells it infects using only a handful of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a> <p><i>February 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/109"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/109/2tmv_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/109">Tobacco Mosaic Virus</a> <p><i>January 2009</i></p> <p>A cylindrical arrangement of proteins protects a long strand of RNA in TMV</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/292"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/292/8g02_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/292">YES Complex</a> <p><i>April 2024</i></p> <p>Bacteriophage phiX174 makes a small protein that kills bacterial cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/197"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/197/197-Zika_Virus-5ire_glyc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/197">Zika Virus</a> <p><i>May 2016</i></p> <p>Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of Zika virus</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(1)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-1" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>You and Your Health</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the molecules that keep us alive (59)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_1"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/156"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/156/156-ABOBloodTypeGlycosyltransferases_3i0g_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/156">ABO Blood Type Glycosyltransferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/79"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/79/79_app-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/79">Amyloid-beta Precursor Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/189"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/189/189-Amyloids_2m4j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/189">Amyloids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/177"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/177/177-Apoptosomes_human_apoptosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/177">Apoptosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/293"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/293/8eiq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/293">CFTR and Cystic Fibrosis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/127"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/127/mom127_crystallins2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/127">Crystallins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/139"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/139/139-DNAMethylases_DNMT-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/139">DNA Methyltransferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/257"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/257/257-Fetal_Hemoglobin-1fdh_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/257">Fetal Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/83"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/83/83_1m1j-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/83">Fibrin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/138"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/138/138-Glucansucrase_3aic-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/138">Glucansucrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/291"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/291/2pe4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/291">Hyaluronidases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/151"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/151/151-HGPRT_1hmp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/151">Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/68"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/68/1bet-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/68">Neurotrophins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/61"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/61/2pah-1phz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/61">Phenylalanine Hydroxylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/239"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/239/239-Phospholipase_A2-1bp2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/239">Phospholipase A2</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/101"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/101/101_PrP-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/101">Prions</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/158"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/158/158-ProtonGatedUreaChannel_3ux4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/158">Proton-Gated Urea Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/53"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/53/1psi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/53">Serpins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/37"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/37/1e7i-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/37">Serum Albumin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/213"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/213/213-Sirtuins-4iao-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/213">Sirtuins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/25"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/25/25-Thrombin-1ppb-transparent-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/25">Thrombin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/75"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/75/75_2hft-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/75">Tissue Factor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/288"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/288/3fpz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/288">Vitamins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/117"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/117/1fo4_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/117">Xanthine Oxidoreductase</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/156"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/156/156-ABOBloodTypeGlycosyltransferases_3i0g_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/156">ABO Blood Type Glycosyltransferases</a> <p><i>December 2012</i></p> <p>ABO blood types are determined by an enzyme that attaches sugars to proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a> <p><i>June 2004</i></p> <p>Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>January 2001</i></p> <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/79"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/79/79_app-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/79">Amyloid-beta Precursor Protein</a> <p><i>July 2006</i></p> <p>Cell-clogging amyloids form when proteins improperly aggregate</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/189"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/189/189-Amyloids_2m4j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/189">Amyloids</a> <p><i>September 2015</i></p> <p>Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases are linked to unnatural aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a> <p><i>August 2007</i></p> <p>Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a> <p><i>October 2024</i></p> <p>Many medications for controlling high blood pressure inhibit the action of the peptide hormone angiotensin.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/177"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/177/177-Apoptosomes_human_apoptosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/177">Apoptosomes</a> <p><i>September 2014</i></p> <p>Apoptosomes make life or death decisions in cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a> <p><i>July 2009</i></p> <p>Beta-secretase trims proteins in the cell and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a> <p><i>March 2004</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have captured the calcium pump in action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a> <p><i>January 2004</i></p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase solubilizes carbon dioxide gas so we can breathe it out</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a> <p><i>June 2005</i></p> <p>Light-sensing retinal molecules are built from colorful carotenoids in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a> <p><i>August 2004</i></p> <p>Caspases disassemble proteins during the process of programmed cell death</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a> <p><i>September 2004</i></p> <p>Catalase protects us from dangerous reactive oxidizing molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/293"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/293/8eiq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/293">CFTR and Cystic Fibrosis</a> <p><i>May 2024</i></p> <p>Cystic fibrosis is currently treated using drugs that enhance the function of mutated CFTR</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a> <p><i>April 2000</i></p> <p>Sturdy fibers of collagen give structure to our bodies</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/127"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/127/mom127_crystallins2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/127">Crystallins</a> <p><i>July 2010</i></p> <p>A concentrated solution of crystallins refracts light in our eye lens</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a> <p><i>October 2006</i></p> <p>Cytochrome p450 detoxifies and solubilizes drugs and poisons by modifying them with oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/139"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/139/139-DNAMethylases_DNMT-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/139">DNA Methyltransferases</a> <p><i>July 2011</i></p> <p>Cells add methyl groups to their DNA to encode additional epigenetic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/257"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/257/257-Fetal_Hemoglobin-1fdh_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/257">Fetal Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2021</i></p> <p>Fetal hemoglobin allows a growing fetus to receive oxygen from their mother.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/83"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/83/83_1m1j-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/83">Fibrin</a> <p><i>November 2006</i></p> <p>Rod-shaped fibrin molecules link together to form blood clots</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/138"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/138/138-Glucansucrase_3aic-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/138">Glucansucrase</a> <p><i>June 2011</i></p> <p>Bacteria adhere to our teeth by building sticky sugar chains</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a> <p><i>April 2004</i></p> <p>Growth hormone brings together two copies of its cellular receptor</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/291"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/291/2pe4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/291">Hyaluronidases</a> <p><i>March 2024</i></p> <p>Long carbohydrate chains are used to make our bodies flexible and resilient.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/151"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/151/151-HGPRT_1hmp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/151">Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)</a> <p><i>July 2012</i></p> <p>Cells salvage and recycle their obsolete DNA and RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a> <p><i>December 2019</i></p> <p>HIF-伪 is a molecular switch that responds to changing oxygen levels.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a> <p><i>February 2001</i></p> <p>The hormone insulin helps control the level of glucose in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a> <p><i>May 2012</i></p> <p>Problems with the appetite-controlling hormone leptin can lead to obesity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a> <p><i>September 2000</i></p> <p>Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/62"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/62/1hsa-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/62">Major Histocompatibility Complex</a> <p><i>February 2005</i></p> <p>MHC displays peptides on the surfaces of cells, allowing the immune system to sense the infection inside</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/68"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/68/1bet-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/68">Neurotrophins</a> <p><i>August 2005</i></p> <p>Neurotrophins guide the development of the nervous system</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a> <p><i>May 2022</i></p> <p>Nicotine causes addiction by interacting with receptors in the brain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a> <p><i>January 2018</i></p> <p>Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a> <p><i>December 2007</i></p> <p>Oxidosqualine cyclase forms the unusual fused rings of cholesterol molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a> <p><i>December 2000</i></p> <p>Pepsin digests proteins in strong stomach acid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/61"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/61/2pah-1phz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/61">Phenylalanine Hydroxylase</a> <p><i>January 2005</i></p> <p>An unusual cofactor is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/239"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/239/239-Phospholipase_A2-1bp2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/239">Phospholipase A2</a> <p><i>November 2019</i></p> <p>Phospholipase A2 breaks membrane lipids, forming molecules that contribute to inflammation and pain signaling.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a> <p><i>July 2018</i></p> <p>Mechanosensitive ion channels give our cells a sense of touch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/101"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/101/101_PrP-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/101">Prions</a> <p><i>May 2008</i></p> <p>Mad cow disease is caused by prion proteins that misfold and aggregate</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/158"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/158/158-ProtonGatedUreaChannel_3ux4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/158">Proton-Gated Urea Channel</a> <p><i>February 2013</i></p> <p>A channel that passes urea allows ulcer-producing bacteria to live in the stomach</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2019</i></p> <p>Nitric oxide is attached to a conserved cysteine in hemoglobin and then released to control the flow of blood.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/278"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/278/nucleocapsid_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/278">SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests</a> <p><i>February 2023</i></p> <p>Home test kits for SARS-CoV-2 test for the presence of nucleocapsid, the protein that packages the viral genome in infectious virions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a> <p><i>August 2008</i></p> <p>Selenium is used in place of sulfur to build proteins for special tasks</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2013</i></p> <p>Serotonin receptors control mood, emotion, and many other behaviors, and are targets for many important drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/53"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/53/1psi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/53">Serpins</a> <p><i>May 2004</i></p> <p>Serpins are traps that capture dangerous proteases</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/37"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/37/1e7i-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/37">Serum Albumin</a> <p><i>January 2003</i></p> <p>Serum albumin delivers fatty acid molecules through the bloodstream</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/213"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/213/213-Sirtuins-4iao-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/213">Sirtuins</a> <p><i>September 2017</i></p> <p>Sirtuin activation is being explored as a way to slow aging.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a> <p><i>October 2007</i></p> <p>Superoxide dismutase protects us from dangerously reactive forms of oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/63"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/63/homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/63">T-Cell Receptor</a> <p><i>March 2005</i></p> <p>Lymphocytes use T-cell receptors to patrol the body for foreign molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a> <p><i>August 2015</i></p> <p>Tetrahydrobiopterin plays an essential role in the production of aromatic amino acids, neurotransmitters and nitric oxide.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/25"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/25/25-Thrombin-1ppb-transparent-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/25">Thrombin</a> <p><i>January 2002</i></p> <p>Thrombin activates the molecule that forms blood clots</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/75"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/75/75_2hft-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/75">Tissue Factor</a> <p><i>March 2006</i></p> <p>Tissue factor senses damage to the body and triggers formation of a blood clot</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a> <p><i>May 2017</i></p> <p>Tissue transglutaminase staples proteins together by forming a chemical crosslink.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2012</i></p> <p>Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/288"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/288/3fpz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/288">Vitamins</a> <p><i>December 2023</i></p> <p>Vitamins are essential molecular tools that are obtained through a healthy diet.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/117"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/117/1fo4_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/117">Xanthine Oxidoreductase</a> <p><i>September 2009</i></p> <p>Xanthine oxidoreductase helps break down obsolete purine nucleotides</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-1" class="tab-pane"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/browser/images/icons/molecules-of-life.jpg" style="margin: 10px 0 20px 0;max-height:80px;"> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(14)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-14" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Biological Energy</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - capturing and converting sources of power (32)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_14"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/281"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/281/Cel7A_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/281">Cellulases and Bioenergy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/93"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/93/pdb93_1cts-2cts-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/93">Citrate Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/144"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/144/144-ComplexI_3m9s_3rko-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/144">Complex I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/36"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/36/3cyt-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/36">Cytochrome c</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/129"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/129/pdb129-3blw_9icd-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/129">Isocitrate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/244"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/244/244-Photosynthetic_Supercomplexes-5xnl_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/244">Photosynthetic Supercomplexes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/270"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/270/4fxf_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/270">Pyruvate Kinase M2</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/273"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/273/5xth_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/273">Respiratory Supercomplex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a> <p><i>May 2007</i></p> <p>Aconitase performs a reaction in the citric acid cycle, and moonlights as a regulatory protein</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>January 2001</i></p> <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a> <p><i>February 2006</i></p> <p>Amylases digest starch to produce glucose</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a> <p><i>December 2005</i></p> <p>ATP synthase links two rotary motors to generate ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2002</i></p> <p>Bacteriorhodopsin pumps protons powered by green sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a> <p><i>June 2016</i></p> <p>Beta-galactosidase is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a> <p><i>December 2017</i></p> <p>Bacteria build biodegradable plastic that could be better for the environment</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/281"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/281/Cel7A_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/281">Cellulases and Bioenergy</a> <p><i>May 2023</i></p> <p>Powerful fungal enzymes break down cellulose during industrial production of ethanol from plant material.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/93"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/93/pdb93_1cts-2cts-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/93">Citrate Synthase</a> <p><i>September 2007</i></p> <p>Citrate synthase opens and closes around its substrates as part of the citric acid cycle</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a> <p><i>October 2012</i></p> <p>Eight enzymes form a cyclic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/144"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/144/144-ComplexI_3m9s_3rko-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/144">Complex I</a> <p><i>December 2011</i></p> <p>A proton-pumping protein complex performs the first step of the respiratory electron transport chain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a> <p><i>May 2011</i></p> <p>A flow of electrons powers proton pumps in cellular respiration and photosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/36"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/36/3cyt-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/36">Cytochrome c</a> <p><i>December 2002</i></p> <p>Cytochrome c shuttles electrons during the production of cellular energy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2000</i></p> <p>Cytochrome oxidase extracts energy from food using oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a> <p><i>June 2007</i></p> <p>Fatty acids are constructed in many sequential steps by a large protein complex</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a> <p><i>June 2014</i></p> <p>GFP-like proteins found in nature or engineered in the laboratory now span every color of the rainbow </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a> <p><i>December 2001</i></p> <p>Glycogen phosphorylase releases sugar from its cellular storehouse</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a> <p><i>February 2004</i></p> <p>The ten enzymes of glycolysis break down sugar in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a> <p><i>June 2003</i></p> <p>A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a> <p><i>December 2019</i></p> <p>HIF-伪 is a molecular switch that responds to changing oxygen levels.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/129"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/129/pdb129-3blw_9icd-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/129">Isocitrate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>September 2010</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have revealed the catalytic steps of a citric acid cycle enzyme</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>June 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells temporarily build lactate when supplies of oxygen are low</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a> <p><i>June 2006</i></p> <p>Organisms from fireflies to bacteria use luciferase to emit light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a> <p><i>January 2000</i></p> <p>Myoglobin was the first protein to have its atomic structure determined, revealing how it stores oxygen in muscle cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/244"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/244/244-Photosynthetic_Supercomplexes-5xnl_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/244">Photosynthetic Supercomplexes</a> <p><i>April 2020</i></p> <p>Light is captured by huge supercomplexes of photosystems and antenna systems.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a> <p><i>October 2001</i></p> <p>Photosystem I captures the energy in sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a> <p><i>March 2015</i></p> <p>Phototrophins sense the level of blue light, allowing plants to respond to changing environmental conditions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a> <p><i>September 2012</i></p> <p>A huge molecular complex links three sequential reactions for energy production</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/270"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/270/4fxf_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/270">Pyruvate Kinase M2</a> <p><i>June 2022</i></p> <p>Pyruvate kinases are the paradoxical gatekeepers for cancer cell metabolism and growth.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/273"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/273/5xth_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/273">Respiratory Supercomplex</a> <p><i>September 2022</i></p> <p>In our mitochondria, three electron-transport complexes assemble into a supercomplex.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2012</i></p> <p>In our eyes, rhodopsin uses the molecule retinal to see light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a> <p><i>October 2003</i></p> <p>An activated serine amino acid in trypsin cleaves protein chains </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(16)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-16" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Biology of Plants</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - plant cells build molecular machines for photosynthesis, infrastructure and communication, and protection (25)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_16"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/297"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/297/BicA_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/297">Carbon Capture Mechanisms</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/201"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/201/201-Isoprene_Synthase-3n0g-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/201">Isoprene Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/244"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/244/244-Photosynthetic_Supercomplexes-5xnl_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/244">Photosynthetic Supercomplexes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/248"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/248/248-Phytosulfokine_Receptor-4z64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/248">Phytosulfokine Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/11"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/11/1rcx-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/11">Rubisco</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/180"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/180/180-TALEffectors_3ugm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/180">TAL Effectors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a> <p><i>November 2021</i></p> <p>In plants, AHAS performs the first step in synthesis of three essential amino acids, making it an effective target for herbicides.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a> <p><i>February 2009</i></p> <p>The plant hormone auxin controls growth and response to light and gravity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2002</i></p> <p>Bacteriorhodopsin pumps protons powered by green sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/297"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/297/BicA_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/297">Carbon Capture Mechanisms</a> <p><i>September 2024</i></p> <p>Scientists are studying cyanobacteria to improve the productivity of agricultural crops</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a> <p><i>January 2004</i></p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase solubilizes carbon dioxide gas so we can breathe it out</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a> <p><i>June 2005</i></p> <p>Light-sensing retinal molecules are built from colorful carotenoids in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a> <p><i>February 2021</i></p> <p>Plants build tough cellulose strands one sugar at a time.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a> <p><i>April 2010</i></p> <p>For some proteins, clipped and reassembled sequences can produce the same 3D shape</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a> <p><i>May 2011</i></p> <p>A flow of electrons powers proton pumps in cellular respiration and photosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a> <p><i>February 2018</i></p> <p>The weedkiller Roundup attacks a key enzyme involved in the construction of aromatic compounds.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a> <p><i>June 2007</i></p> <p>Fatty acids are constructed in many sequential steps by a large protein complex</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a> <p><i>June 2003</i></p> <p>A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/201"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/201/201-Isoprene_Synthase-3n0g-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/201">Isoprene Synthase</a> <p><i>September 2016</i></p> <p>Plants release a billion metric tons of isoprene and other organic gases every year.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a> <p><i>July 2016</i></p> <p>Monellin and other supersweet proteins trick our taste receptors.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a> <p><i>February 2002</i></p> <p>Nitrogenase uses an exotic cluster of metals to fix atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable ammonia</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/244"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/244/244-Photosynthetic_Supercomplexes-5xnl_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/244">Photosynthetic Supercomplexes</a> <p><i>April 2020</i></p> <p>Light is captured by huge supercomplexes of photosystems and antenna systems.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a> <p><i>October 2001</i></p> <p>Photosystem I captures the energy in sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a> <p><i>November 2004</i></p> <p>Photosystem II captures the energy from sunlight and uses it to extract electrons from water molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a> <p><i>March 2015</i></p> <p>Phototrophins sense the level of blue light, allowing plants to respond to changing environmental conditions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a> <p><i>October 2022</i></p> <p>Some phytohormones mobilize the cell鈥檚 protein degradation machinery to regulate plant growth and development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/248"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/248/248-Phytosulfokine_Receptor-4z64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/248">Phytosulfokine Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2020</i></p> <p>Phytosulfokine and other small peptides deliver signals about growth and development in plants.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a> <p><i>May 2013</i></p> <p>The structure of ricin reveals how it kills cells and how vaccines can produce immunity against ricin poisoning</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/11"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/11/1rcx-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/11">Rubisco</a> <p><i>November 2000</i></p> <p>Rubisco fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide into bioavailable sugar molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/180"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/180/180-TALEffectors_3ugm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/180">TAL Effectors</a> <p><i>December 2014</i></p> <p>TAL-effectors are modular, DNA-reading proteins that can be used to edit DNA in living cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a> <p><i>November 2023</i></p> <p>Plants protect themselves from infection with immune system machines such as the resistosome</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(31)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-31" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Bioluminescence and Fluorescence</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - proteins that shape light (3)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_31"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a> <p><i>January 2019</i></p> <p>RNA aptamers are being engineered to track molecules inside living cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a> <p><i>June 2014</i></p> <p>GFP-like proteins found in nature or engineered in the laboratory now span every color of the rainbow </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a> <p><i>June 2003</i></p> <p>A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(18)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-18" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Cellular Signaling</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - sending and receiving molecular messages (57)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_18"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/251"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/251/251-Adenylyl_Cyclase-6r3q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/251">Adenylyl Cyclase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/235"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/235/235-AMPA_Receptor-3kg2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/235">AMPA Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/283"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/283/1opk_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/283">c-Abl Protein Kinase and Imatinib </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/44"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/44/3cln-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/44">Calmodulin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/152"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/152/152-cAMP-dependentProteinKinase_PKA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/152">cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/236"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/236/236-Cyclin_and_Cyclindependent_Kinase-1fin_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/236">Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/194"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/194/194-Designer_Insulins-1trz-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/194">Designer Insulins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/202"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/202/202-Dipeptidyl_Peptidase4-1nu8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/202">Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/126"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/126/mom126_egfr-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/126">Epidermal Growth Factor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/184"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/184/184-Glucagon_glucagonreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/184">Glucagon</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/191"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/191/191-GlutamateGatedChlorideReceptors_3rif-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/191">Glutamate-gated Chloride Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/268"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/268/Figure1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/268">HER2/neu and Trastuzumab </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/182"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/182/182-InsulinReceptor_insulinreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/182">Insulin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/107"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/107/2oau_composite_400-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/107">Mechanosensitive Channels</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/68"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/68/1bet-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/68">Neurotrophins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/133"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/133/133-NitricOxideSynthase_nNOS-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/133">Nitric Oxide Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/282"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/282/8f76_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/282">Odorant Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/207"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/207/207-Photoactive_Yellow_Protein-2pyp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/207">Photoactive Yellow Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/248"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/248/248-Phytosulfokine_Receptor-4z64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/248">Phytosulfokine Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/195"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/195/195-Raf_Protein_Kinases-raf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/195">RAF Protein Kinases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/148"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/148/148-RasProtein_5p21-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/148">Ras Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/186"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/186/186-ReceptorForAdvancedGlycationEndProducts_4lp5_figure-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/186">Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/167"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/167/167-SNAREProteins_1sfc_1br0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/167">SNARE Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/75"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/75/75_2hft-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/75">Tissue Factor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/190"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/190/190-TwoComponentSystems_2c2a_3by8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/190">Two-component Systems</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/267"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/267/5t89_homepage_new-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/267">Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) and Angiogenesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/243"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/243/242-Voltagegated_Sodium_Channels-6j8j_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/243">Voltage-gated Sodium Channels</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/71"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/71/2bg9-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/71">Acetylcholine Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2005</i></p> <p>The neurotransmitter acetylcholine opens a protein channel, stimulating muscle contraction</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a> <p><i>June 2004</i></p> <p>Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/251"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/251/251-Adenylyl_Cyclase-6r3q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/251">Adenylyl Cyclase</a> <p><i>November 2020</i></p> <p>Adenylyl cyclase creates second messengers to amplify signals from G-protein coupled receptors</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a> <p><i>April 2008</i></p> <p>Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/235"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/235/235-AMPA_Receptor-3kg2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/235">AMPA Receptor</a> <p><i>July 2019</i></p> <p>Receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate in our brain come in several shapes and sizes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a> <p><i>August 2007</i></p> <p>Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/279"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/279/5a31_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/279">Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome</a> <p><i>March 2023</i></p> <p>APC/C guards the checkpoints that regulate key steps in the cell cycle</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/298"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/298/2x0b_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/298">Angiotensin and Blood Pressure</a> <p><i>October 2024</i></p> <p>Many medications for controlling high blood pressure inhibit the action of the peptide hormone angiotensin.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a> <p><i>August 2023</i></p> <p>Dividing cells use ATM and ATR kinases to respond to DNA damage.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a> <p><i>February 2009</i></p> <p>The plant hormone auxin controls growth and response to light and gravity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/283"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/283/1opk_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/283">c-Abl Protein Kinase and Imatinib </a> <p><i>July 2023</i></p> <p>Protein kinases are being targeted by new anti-cancer drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/51"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/51/1eul-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/51">Calcium Pump</a> <p><i>March 2004</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have captured the calcium pump in action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/44"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/44/3cln-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/44">Calmodulin</a> <p><i>August 2003</i></p> <p>Calcium ions rapidly deliver signals to control processes such as muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and fertilization</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/152"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/152/152-cAMP-dependentProteinKinase_PKA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/152">cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA)</a> <p><i>August 2012</i></p> <p>PKA delivers cellular signals by adding phosphates to proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a> <p><i>October 2020</i></p> <p>TRPV1 is an ion channel that senses heat and contributes to pain sensation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/236"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/236/236-Cyclin_and_Cyclindependent_Kinase-1fin_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/236">Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent Kinase</a> <p><i>August 2019</i></p> <p>Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control when cells divide, making them important targets for cancer therapy.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a> <p><i>May 2001</i></p> <p>Aspirin attacks an important enzyme in pain signaling and blood clotting</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/194"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/194/194-Designer_Insulins-1trz-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/194">Designer Insulins</a> <p><i>February 2016</i></p> <p>Engineered insulins have been developed to improve treatment of diabetes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/202"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/202/202-Dipeptidyl_Peptidase4-1nu8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/202">Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4</a> <p><i>October 2016</i></p> <p>Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 are used to treat type-2 diabetes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/126"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/126/mom126_egfr-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/126">Epidermal Growth Factor</a> <p><i>June 2010</i></p> <p>EGF is part of a family of proteins that controls aspects of cell growth and development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2004</i></p> <p>G proteins receive signals from cellular receptors and deliver them inside the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/184"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/184/184-Glucagon_glucagonreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/184">Glucagon</a> <p><i>April 2015</i></p> <p>Glucagon triggers the release of glucose into the blood, to power cells throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/258"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/258/258-Glucocorticoid_Receptor_and_Dexamethasone-1m2z_1glu_icon-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/258">Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone</a> <p><i>June 2021</i></p> <p>An anti-inflammatory drug has given us a new way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/191"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/191/191-GlutamateGatedChlorideReceptors_3rif-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/191">Glutamate-gated Chloride Receptors</a> <p><i>November 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic ivermectin attacks glutamate-gated chloride channels, paralyzing parasitic worms.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/52"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/52/hormones-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/52">Growth Hormone</a> <p><i>April 2004</i></p> <p>Growth hormone brings together two copies of its cellular receptor</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/268"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/268/Figure1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/268">HER2/neu and Trastuzumab </a> <p><i>April 2022</i></p> <p>Trastuzumab monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 receptors are at the forefront of breast cancer treatment</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a> <p><i>February 2001</i></p> <p>The hormone insulin helps control the level of glucose in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/182"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/182/182-InsulinReceptor_insulinreceptor-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/182">Insulin Receptor</a> <p><i>February 2015</i></p> <p>The cellular receptor for insulin helps control the utilization of glucose by cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/128"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/128/mom128_interferons-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/128">Interferons</a> <p><i>August 2010</i></p> <p>Interferons mobilize defenses against viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/149"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/149/149-Leptin_1ax8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/149">Leptin</a> <p><i>May 2012</i></p> <p>Problems with the appetite-controlling hormone leptin can lead to obesity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/107"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/107/2oau_composite_400-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/107">Mechanosensitive Channels</a> <p><i>November 2008</i></p> <p>Pressure-sensitive channels open when the internal pressure of a cell gets too high</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a> <p><i>March 2014</i></p> <p>Neurotransmitters are transported out of nerve synapses to end a signal transmission</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/68"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/68/1bet-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/68">Neurotrophins</a> <p><i>August 2005</i></p> <p>Neurotrophins guide the development of the nervous system</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/269"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/269/6pv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/269">Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction</a> <p><i>May 2022</i></p> <p>Nicotine causes addiction by interacting with receptors in the brain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/133"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/133/133-NitricOxideSynthase_nNOS-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/133">Nitric Oxide Synthase</a> <p><i>January 2011</i></p> <p>Nitric oxide gas is used as a rapid-acting hormone and as a powerful defense </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/282"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/282/8f76_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/282">Odorant Receptors</a> <p><i>June 2023</i></p> <p>Our sense of smell relies on odorant receptors that recognize specific scents.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/217"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/217/217-Opioid_Receptors-4dkl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/217">Opioid Receptors</a> <p><i>January 2018</i></p> <p>Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/204"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/204/203-PD1_Programmed_Cell_Death_Protein_1-3bik_3bp5-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/204">PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)</a> <p><i>December 2016</i></p> <p>PD-1 and its ligands are a new target for cancer therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/207"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/207/207-Photoactive_Yellow_Protein-2pyp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/207">Photoactive Yellow Protein</a> <p><i>March 2017</i></p> <p>Researchers use synchrotrons and X-ray lasers to reveal the rapid processes of light sensing.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/183"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/183/183-Phototropin_phototropin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/183">Phototropin</a> <p><i>March 2015</i></p> <p>Phototrophins sense the level of blue light, allowing plants to respond to changing environmental conditions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a> <p><i>October 2022</i></p> <p>Some phytohormones mobilize the cell鈥檚 protein degradation machinery to regulate plant growth and development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/248"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/248/248-Phytosulfokine_Receptor-4z64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/248">Phytosulfokine Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2020</i></p> <p>Phytosulfokine and other small peptides deliver signals about growth and development in plants.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a> <p><i>July 2018</i></p> <p>Mechanosensitive ion channels give our cells a sense of touch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a> <p><i>February 2003</i></p> <p>Potassium channels allow potassium ions to pass, but block smaller sodium ions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/195"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/195/195-Raf_Protein_Kinases-raf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/195">RAF Protein Kinases</a> <p><i>March 2016</i></p> <p>A single mutation in a RAF protein kinase can help transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/148"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/148/148-RasProtein_5p21-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/148">Ras Protein</a> <p><i>April 2012</i></p> <p>Mutation of the growth-controlling ras protein can lead to cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/186"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/186/186-ReceptorForAdvancedGlycationEndProducts_4lp5_figure-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/186">Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products</a> <p><i>June 2015</i></p> <p>RAGE recognizes sugar-modified proteins, contributing to an inflammatory response that plays a role in diabetes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/147"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/147/147-Rhodopsin_1f88-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/147">Rhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2012</i></p> <p>In our eyes, rhodopsin uses the molecule retinal to see light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/164"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/164/164-SerotoninReceptor_4iar-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/164">Serotonin Receptor</a> <p><i>August 2013</i></p> <p>Serotonin receptors control mood, emotion, and many other behaviors, and are targets for many important drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/167"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/167/167-SNAREProteins_1sfc_1br0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/167">SNARE Proteins</a> <p><i>November 2013</i></p> <p>SNARE proteins power the fusion of vesicles with membranes by forming a bundle of alpha helices</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a> <p><i>July 2003</i></p> <p>Growth signaling proteins play an important role in the development of cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/75"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/75/75_2hft-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/75">Tissue Factor</a> <p><i>March 2006</i></p> <p>Tissue factor senses damage to the body and triggers formation of a blood clot</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/190"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/190/190-TwoComponentSystems_2c2a_3by8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/190">Two-component Systems</a> <p><i>October 2015</i></p> <p>Bacteria respond to their environment with two-component sensing systems.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/267"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/267/5t89_homepage_new-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/267">Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) and Angiogenesis</a> <p><i>March 2022</i></p> <p>VegF promotes blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), affecting cancer proliferation, wound healing, and other bodily processes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2012</i></p> <p>Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/243"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/243/242-Voltagegated_Sodium_Channels-6j8j_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/243">Voltage-gated Sodium Channels</a> <p><i>March 2020</i></p> <p>Voltage-gated sodium channels transmit signals in a wave through the nervous system.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(34)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-34" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Central Dogma</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - transferring information from genes to proteins (13)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_34"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/255"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/255/255-Cisplatin_and_DNA-1ckt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/255">Cisplatin and DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/253"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/253/253-Expressome-6x9q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/253">Expressome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/289"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/289/7enc_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/289">Mediator</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/271"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/271/7lsy_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/271">Non-Homologous End Joining Supercomplexes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a> <p><i>April 2001</i></p> <p>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the proper amino acids are used to build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/255"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/255/255-Cisplatin_and_DNA-1ckt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/255">Cisplatin and DNA</a> <p><i>March 2021</i></p> <p>Cisplatin treats cancer by causing damage to the DNA of cancer cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a> <p><i>November 2001</i></p> <p>Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>March 2000</i></p> <p>DNA polymerase makes an accurate copy of the cell's genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/253"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/253/253-Expressome-6x9q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/253">Expressome</a> <p><i>January 2021</i></p> <p>In bacteria, ribosomes start building proteins as messenger RNA is being transcribed</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/285"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/285/1t64_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/285">Histone Deacetylases</a> <p><i>September 2023</i></p> <p>Histone deacetylases regulate access to genetic information by modifying histones</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/289"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/289/7enc_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/289">Mediator</a> <p><i>January 2024</i></p> <p>Mediator integrates regulatory information to decide when genes need to be transcribed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/271"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/271/7lsy_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/271">Non-Homologous End Joining Supercomplexes</a> <p><i>July 2022</i></p> <p>Lethal double-strand breaks in the DNA genome are repaired by NHEJ</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>April 2003</i></p> <p>RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/249"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/249/249-SARSCoV2_RNAdependent_RNA_Polymerase-6yyt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/249">SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>September 2020</i></p> <p>Coronaviruses duplicate their RNA genome using a specialized polymerase</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a> <p><i>May 2020</i></p> <p>Cryoelectron microscropy is revealing how spliceosomes cut-and-paste messenger RNA molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a> <p><i>March 2001</i></p> <p>Transfer RNA translates the language of the genome into the language of proteins</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(11)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-11" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Enzymes</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the cell's chemists (70)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_11"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/80"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/80/80_1yyf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/80">AAA+ Proteases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/156"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/156/156-ABOBloodTypeGlycosyltransferases_3i0g_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/156">ABO Blood Type Glycosyltransferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/215"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/215/215-Aspartate_Transcarbamoylase-5at1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/215">Aspartate Transcarbamoylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/152"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/152/152-cAMP-dependentProteinKinase_PKA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/152">cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/93"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/93/pdb93_1cts-2cts-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/93">Citrate Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/220"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/220/220-Dehalogenases-4ur0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/220">Dehalogenases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/86"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/86/86_2nn6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/86">Exosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/138"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/138/138-Glucansucrase_3aic-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/138">Glucansucrase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/30"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/30/1fpy-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/30">Glutamine Synthetase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/111"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/111/hydrogenases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/111">Hydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/151"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/151/151-HGPRT_1hmp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/151">Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/129"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/129/pdb129-3blw_9icd-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/129">Isocitrate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/224"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/224/224-Legumain-4awb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/224">Legumain</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/141"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/141/141-OGlcNAcTransferase_3pe4_1w3b-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/141">O-GlcNAc Transferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/61"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/61/2pah-1phz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/61">Phenylalanine Hydroxylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/106"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/106/106_1fa0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/106">Poly(A) Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/140"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/140/140-RhomboidProteaseGlpG_2nrf_membrane-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/140">Rhomboid Protease GlpG</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/238"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/238/238-Ribonucleotide_Reductase-1mrr_3r1r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/238">Ribonucleotide Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/11"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/11/1rcx-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/11">Rubisco</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/116"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/116/sulfotransferases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/116">Sulfotransferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/25"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/25/25-Thrombin-1ppb-transparent-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/25">Thrombin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/117"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/117/1fo4_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/117">Xanthine Oxidoreductase</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/80"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/80/80_1yyf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/80">AAA+ Proteases</a> <p><i>August 2006</i></p> <p>AAA+ proteases are ATP-powered molecular motors that thread protein chains through a hole </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/156"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/156/156-ABOBloodTypeGlycosyltransferases_3i0g_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/156">ABO Blood Type Glycosyltransferases</a> <p><i>December 2012</i></p> <p>ABO blood types are determined by an enzyme that attaches sugars to proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/263"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/263/6vz8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/263">Acetohydroxyacid Synthase</a> <p><i>November 2021</i></p> <p>In plants, AHAS performs the first step in synthesis of three essential amino acids, making it an effective target for herbicides.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/54"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/54/1acj-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/54">Acetylcholinesterase</a> <p><i>June 2004</i></p> <p>Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a> <p><i>May 2007</i></p> <p>Aconitase performs a reaction in the citric acid cycle, and moonlights as a regulatory protein</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>January 2001</i></p> <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a> <p><i>February 2006</i></p> <p>Amylases digest starch to produce glucose</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a> <p><i>April 2001</i></p> <p>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the proper amino acids are used to build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a> <p><i>August 2007</i></p> <p>Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/215"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/215/215-Aspartate_Transcarbamoylase-5at1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/215">Aspartate Transcarbamoylase</a> <p><i>November 2017</i></p> <p>Key biosynthetic enzymes are regulated by their ultimate products through allosteric motions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a> <p><i>June 2016</i></p> <p>Beta-galactosidase is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/115"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/115/1sgz_1py1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/115">Beta-secretase</a> <p><i>July 2009</i></p> <p>Beta-secretase trims proteins in the cell and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/152"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/152/152-cAMP-dependentProteinKinase_PKA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/152">cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA)</a> <p><i>August 2012</i></p> <p>PKA delivers cellular signals by adding phosphates to proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/49"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/49/carbonic-anhydrases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/49">Carbonic Anhydrase</a> <p><i>January 2004</i></p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase solubilizes carbon dioxide gas so we can breathe it out</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/66"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/66/2biw-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/66">Carotenoid Oxygenase</a> <p><i>June 2005</i></p> <p>Light-sensing retinal molecules are built from colorful carotenoids in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/56"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/56/caspases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/56">Caspases</a> <p><i>August 2004</i></p> <p>Caspases disassemble proteins during the process of programmed cell death</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/57"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/57/7cat-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/57">Catalase</a> <p><i>September 2004</i></p> <p>Catalase protects us from dangerous reactive oxidizing molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/93"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/93/pdb93_1cts-2cts-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/93">Citrate Synthase</a> <p><i>September 2007</i></p> <p>Citrate synthase opens and closes around its substrates as part of the citric acid cycle</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/154"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/154/154-CitricAcidCycle_citricacidcycle-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/154">Citric Acid Cycle</a> <p><i>October 2012</i></p> <p>Eight enzymes form a cyclic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/17"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/17/1prh-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/17">Cyclooxygenase</a> <p><i>May 2001</i></p> <p>Aspirin attacks an important enzyme in pain signaling and blood clotting</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/82"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/82/82_1w0e-2j0d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/82">Cytochrome p450</a> <p><i>October 2006</i></p> <p>Cytochrome p450 detoxifies and solubilizes drugs and poisons by modifying them with oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/220"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/220/220-Dehalogenases-4ur0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/220">Dehalogenases</a> <p><i>April 2018</i></p> <p>Bacteria destroy toxic environmental pollutants that include chlorine or bromine atoms.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2002</i></p> <p>DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a> <p><i>July 2004</i></p> <p>DNA ligase reconnects broken DNA strands, and is used to engineer recombinant DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a> <p><i>February 2018</i></p> <p>The weedkiller Roundup attacks a key enzyme involved in the construction of aromatic compounds.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/86"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/86/86_2nn6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/86">Exosomes</a> <p><i>February 2007</i></p> <p>Exosomes destroy messenger RNA molecules after they have finished their jobs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/90"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/90/90_fas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/90">Fatty Acid Synthase</a> <p><i>June 2007</i></p> <p>Fatty acids are constructed in many sequential steps by a large protein complex</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/138"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/138/138-Glucansucrase_3aic-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/138">Glucansucrase</a> <p><i>June 2011</i></p> <p>Bacteria adhere to our teeth by building sticky sugar chains</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2006</i></p> <p>Glucose oxidase measures blood glucose level in biosensors</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/30"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/30/1fpy-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/30">Glutamine Synthetase</a> <p><i>June 2002</i></p> <p>Glutamine synthetase monitors the levels of nitrogen-rich amino acids and decides when to make more</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/24"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/24/6gpb-2views-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/24">Glycogen Phosphorylase</a> <p><i>December 2001</i></p> <p>Glycogen phosphorylase releases sugar from its cellular storehouse</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/50"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/50/glycolysis-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/50">Glycolytic Enzymes</a> <p><i>February 2004</i></p> <p>The ten enzymes of glycolysis break down sugar in our diet</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a> <p><i>September 2002</i></p> <p>HIV builds a DNA copy of its RNA genome, providing a unique target for drug therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/111"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/111/hydrogenases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/111">Hydrogenase</a> <p><i>March 2009</i></p> <p>Hydrogenases use unusual metal ions to split hydrogen gas</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/151"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/151/151-HGPRT_1hmp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/151">Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)</a> <p><i>July 2012</i></p> <p>Cells salvage and recycle their obsolete DNA and RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/129"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/129/pdb129-3blw_9icd-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/129">Isocitrate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>September 2010</i></p> <p>Atomic structures have revealed the catalytic steps of a citric acid cycle enzyme</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/102"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/102/102_3ldh-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/102">Lactate Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>June 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells temporarily build lactate when supplies of oxygen are low</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/224"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/224/224-Legumain-4awb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/224">Legumain</a> <p><i>August 2018</i></p> <p>Legumain cleaves proteins, and can also put them back together.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a> <p><i>June 2006</i></p> <p>Organisms from fireflies to bacteria use luciferase to emit light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a> <p><i>September 2000</i></p> <p>Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a> <p><i>November 2014</i></p> <p>Methanogens use sophisticated molecular tools to build methane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/187"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/187/187-New_Delhi_MetalloBetaLactamase-4eyl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/187">New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase</a> <p><i>July 2015</i></p> <p>Antibiotics can save lives, but antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria pose a dangerous threat</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a> <p><i>February 2002</i></p> <p>Nitrogenase uses an exotic cluster of metals to fix atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable ammonia</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/141"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/141/141-OGlcNAcTransferase_3pe4_1w3b-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/141">O-GlcNAc Transferase</a> <p><i>September 2011</i></p> <p>Some protein functions are regulated when sugars are attached</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/96"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/96/96_1w6k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/96">Oxidosqualene Cyclase</a> <p><i>December 2007</i></p> <p>Oxidosqualine cyclase forms the unusual fused rings of cholesterol molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a> <p><i>December 2000</i></p> <p>Pepsin digests proteins in strong stomach acid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/61"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/61/2pah-1phz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/61">Phenylalanine Hydroxylase</a> <p><i>January 2005</i></p> <p>An unusual cofactor is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a> <p><i>September 2018</i></p> <p>Phytase is used in agriculture to mobilize indigestible phosphate compounds in livestock feed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/106"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/106/106_1fa0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/106">Poly(A) Polymerase</a> <p><i>October 2008</i></p> <p>Poly(A) polymerase adds a long tail of adenine nucleotides at the end of messenger RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/153"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/153/153-PyruvateDehydrogenaseComplex_pyruvatedehydrogenase-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/153">Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex</a> <p><i>September 2012</i></p> <p>A huge molecular complex links three sequential reactions for energy production</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a> <p><i>August 2000</i></p> <p>Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA are useful tools for genetic engineering</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/140"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/140/140-RhomboidProteaseGlpG_2nrf_membrane-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/140">Rhomboid Protease GlpG</a> <p><i>August 2011</i></p> <p>Some proteases cut proteins embedded in cell membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a> <p><i>September 2008</i></p> <p>Ribonuclease cuts and controls RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/238"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/238/238-Ribonucleotide_Reductase-1mrr_3r1r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/238">Ribonucleotide Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2019</i></p> <p>Ribonucleotide reductase creates the building blocks of DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>April 2003</i></p> <p>RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/11"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/11/1rcx-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/11">Rubisco</a> <p><i>November 2000</i></p> <p>Rubisco fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide into bioavailable sugar molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a> <p><i>August 2008</i></p> <p>Selenium is used in place of sulfur to build proteins for special tasks</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a> <p><i>May 2005</i></p> <p>Special sequences of RNA are able to splice themselves</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/43"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/43/2src-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/43">Src Tyrosine Kinase</a> <p><i>July 2003</i></p> <p>Growth signaling proteins play an important role in the development of cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/116"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/116/sulfotransferases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/116">Sulfotransferases</a> <p><i>August 2009</i></p> <p>Sulfotransferases transfer sulfuryl groups in enzymatic reactions </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/94"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/94/94-Superoxide_Dismutase-94-SuperoxideDismutase-2sod-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/94">Superoxide Dismutase</a> <p><i>October 2007</i></p> <p>Superoxide dismutase protects us from dangerously reactive forms of oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/188"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/188/188-TetrahydrobiopterinBiosynthesis_1gtp_1gtq_1sep-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/188">Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis</a> <p><i>August 2015</i></p> <p>Tetrahydrobiopterin plays an essential role in the production of aromatic amino acids, neurotransmitters and nitric oxide.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/25"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/25/25-Thrombin-1ppb-transparent-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/25">Thrombin</a> <p><i>January 2002</i></p> <p>Thrombin activates the molecule that forms blood clots</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a> <p><i>July 2007</i></p> <p>Ultraviolet light damages our DNA, but our cells have ways to correct the damage</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a> <p><i>May 2017</i></p> <p>Tissue transglutaminase staples proteins together by forming a chemical crosslink.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a> <p><i>January 2006</i></p> <p>Topoisomerases untangle and reduce the tension of DNA strands in the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a> <p><i>December 2006</i></p> <p>Transposases shift genes around in the genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a> <p><i>October 2003</i></p> <p>An activated serine amino acid in trypsin cleaves protein chains </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/117"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/117/1fo4_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/117">Xanthine Oxidoreductase</a> <p><i>September 2009</i></p> <p>Xanthine oxidoreductase helps break down obsolete purine nucleotides</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(32)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-32" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Molecular Evolution</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - mechanisms for the rise of life on Earth (15)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_32"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/120"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/120/1kdf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/120">Antifreeze Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/36"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/36/3cyt-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/36">Cytochrome c</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/206"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/206/206-Globin_Evolution-Myoglobins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/206">Globin Evolution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/295"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/295/ribosomes_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/295">Ribosome Diversity</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/120"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/120/1kdf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/120">Antifreeze Proteins</a> <p><i>December 2009</i></p> <p>Small antifreeze proteins protect cells from damage by ice</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a> <p><i>April 2010</i></p> <p>For some proteins, clipped and reassembled sequences can produce the same 3D shape</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/36"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/36/3cyt-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/36">Cytochrome c</a> <p><i>December 2002</i></p> <p>Cytochrome c shuttles electrons during the production of cellular energy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/5"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/5/1oco-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/5">Cytochrome c Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2000</i></p> <p>Cytochrome oxidase extracts energy from food using oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/34"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/34/7dfr-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/34">Dihydrofolate Reductase</a> <p><i>October 2002</i></p> <p>DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a> <p><i>December 2018</i></p> <p>Biological evolution is being harnessed in the lab to create new enzymes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/206"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/206/206-Globin_Evolution-Myoglobins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/206">Globin Evolution</a> <p><i>February 2017</i></p> <p>The mechanisms of molecular evolution are revealed in globin sequences and structures.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/78"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/78/78_2d1s-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/78">Luciferase</a> <p><i>June 2006</i></p> <p>Organisms from fireflies to bacteria use luciferase to emit light</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/125"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/125/1fpv_2cas-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/125">Parvoviruses</a> <p><i>May 2010</i></p> <p>Viruses that cause distemper are surrounded by an icosahedral capsid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/29"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/29/3pte-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/29">Penicillin-binding Proteins</a> <p><i>May 2002</i></p> <p>Penicillin attacks the proteins that build bacterial cell walls</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/295"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/295/ribosomes_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/295">Ribosome Diversity</a> <p><i>July 2024</i></p> <p>By comparing the structures of ribosomes from different organisms, we can explore the evolution of life.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a> <p><i>December 2006</i></p> <p>Transposases shift genes around in the genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/192"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/192/192-Vancomycin-1fvm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/192">Vancomycin</a> <p><i>December 2015</i></p> <p>The antibiotic vancomycin blocks the construction of bacterial cell walls.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2012</i></p> <p>Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(12)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-12" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Molecular Infrastructure</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - supporting cells, tissues and organisms (14)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_12"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/19"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/19/19-Actin-actin18-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/19">Actin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/275"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/275/7tpt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/275">Actin Branching by Arp2/3 Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/99"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/99/99_1l3w-1i7x-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/99">Cadherin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/296"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/296/6tz4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/296">ESCRT-III</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/291"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/291/2pe4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/291">Hyaluronidases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/134"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/134/mom134_1jv2-2k9j-1m8o-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/134">Integrin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/232"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/232/231-Proteins_and_Biominerals-1q8h_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/232">Proteins and Biominerals</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/185"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/185/185-Titin_sarcomere_titin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/185">Titin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/114"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/114/vaults-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/114">Vaults</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/19"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/19/19-Actin-actin18-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/19">Actin</a> <p><i>July 2001</i></p> <p>Cells are supported by a cytoskeleton of protein filaments</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/275"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/275/7tpt_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/275">Actin Branching by Arp2/3 Complex</a> <p><i>November 2022</i></p> <p>By mimicking actin, Arp2/3 complex helps build a complex cytoskeleton that supports and shapes cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/99"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/99/99_1l3w-1i7x-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/99">Cadherin</a> <p><i>March 2008</i></p> <p>Adhesive cadherin proteins hold neighboring cells together</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a> <p><i>February 2021</i></p> <p>Plants build tough cellulose strands one sugar at a time.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a> <p><i>April 2000</i></p> <p>Sturdy fibers of collagen give structure to our bodies</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/296"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/296/6tz4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/296">ESCRT-III</a> <p><i>August 2024</i></p> <p>ESCRT-III forms helical assemblies that remodel cellular membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/291"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/291/2pe4_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/291">Hyaluronidases</a> <p><i>March 2024</i></p> <p>Long carbohydrate chains are used to make our bodies flexible and resilient.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/134"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/134/mom134_1jv2-2k9j-1m8o-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/134">Integrin</a> <p><i>February 2011</i></p> <p>Integrins forge flexible linkages between the infrastructure inside and outside of cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a> <p><i>July 2014</i></p> <p>The largest filaments of the cytoskeleton provide tracks for transport throughout the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a> <p><i>July 2017</i></p> <p>A molecular machine with a rotary motor builds a long protein filament involved in bacterial motility and attachment.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/232"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/232/231-Proteins_and_Biominerals-1q8h_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/232">Proteins and Biominerals</a> <p><i>April 2019</i></p> <p>Small biomineral crystals are used to build bone, eggshells and even tiny compasses.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/209"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/209/209-Tissue_Transglutaminase_and_Celiac_Disease-2q3z_3ly6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/209">Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease</a> <p><i>May 2017</i></p> <p>Tissue transglutaminase staples proteins together by forming a chemical crosslink.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/185"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/185/185-Titin_sarcomere_titin-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/185">Titin</a> <p><i>May 2015</i></p> <p>The giant protein titin organizes the structure of muscle and gives them elasticity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/114"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/114/vaults-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/114">Vaults</a> <p><i>June 2009</i></p> <p>Cells build huge vault containers constructed of a symmetric arrangement of many subunits</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(17)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-17" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Molecular Motors</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - directed motion at the molecular level (6)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_17"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/176"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/176/176-Dynein_3vkh-label-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/176">Dynein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/64"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/64/3kin-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/64">Kinesin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/18"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/18/1b7t-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/18">Myosin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/219"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/219/219-Vacuolar_ATPase-5vox-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/219">Vacuolar ATPase</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a> <p><i>December 2005</i></p> <p>ATP synthase links two rotary motors to generate ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/176"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/176/176-Dynein_3vkh-label-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/176">Dynein</a> <p><i>August 2014</i></p> <p>The motor protein dynein transports cellular cargo along microtubules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/64"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/64/3kin-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/64">Kinesin</a> <p><i>April 2005</i></p> <p>The motor protein kinesin carries cellular cargo along microtubules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/18"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/18/1b7t-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/18">Myosin</a> <p><i>June 2001</i></p> <p>Molecular motors fueled by ATP power the contraction of muscles</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a> <p><i>July 2017</i></p> <p>A molecular machine with a rotary motor builds a long protein filament involved in bacterial motility and attachment.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/219"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/219/219-Vacuolar_ATPase-5vox-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/219">Vacuolar ATPase</a> <p><i>March 2018</i></p> <p>Two linked molecular motors are used to pump protons across membranes.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(15)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-15" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Molecules for a Sustainable Future</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - proteins with global impact (13)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_15"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/297"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/297/BicA_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/297">Carbon Capture Mechanisms</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/220"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/220/220-Dehalogenases-4ur0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/220">Dehalogenases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/201"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/201/201-Isoprene_Synthase-3n0g-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/201">Isoprene Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/277"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/277/5xh3_6qga_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/277">Plastic-eating Enzymes</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a> <p><i>December 2017</i></p> <p>Bacteria build biodegradable plastic that could be better for the environment</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/297"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/297/BicA_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/297">Carbon Capture Mechanisms</a> <p><i>September 2024</i></p> <p>Scientists are studying cyanobacteria to improve the productivity of agricultural crops</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/254"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/254/254-Cellulose_Synthase-6wlb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/254">Cellulose Synthase</a> <p><i>February 2021</i></p> <p>Plants build tough cellulose strands one sugar at a time.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/220"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/220/220-Dehalogenases-4ur0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/220">Dehalogenases</a> <p><i>April 2018</i></p> <p>Bacteria destroy toxic environmental pollutants that include chlorine or bromine atoms.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/212"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/212/212-Glutathione_Transferases-3gss-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/212">Glutathione Transferases</a> <p><i>August 2017</i></p> <p>Glutathione transferase tags toxic molecules, making them easy to recognize and remove.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/201"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/201/201-Isoprene_Synthase-3n0g-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/201">Isoprene Synthase</a> <p><i>September 2016</i></p> <p>Plants release a billion metric tons of isoprene and other organic gases every year.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a> <p><i>November 2014</i></p> <p>Methanogens use sophisticated molecular tools to build methane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/26"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/26/1n2c-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/26">Nitrogenase</a> <p><i>February 2002</i></p> <p>Nitrogenase uses an exotic cluster of metals to fix atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable ammonia</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a> <p><i>October 2001</i></p> <p>Photosystem I captures the energy in sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a> <p><i>November 2004</i></p> <p>Photosystem II captures the energy from sunlight and uses it to extract electrons from water molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a> <p><i>September 2018</i></p> <p>Phytase is used in agriculture to mobilize indigestible phosphate compounds in livestock feed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/274"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/274/5hzg_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/274">Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14</a> <p><i>October 2022</i></p> <p>Some phytohormones mobilize the cell鈥檚 protein degradation machinery to regulate plant growth and development.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/277"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/277/5xh3_6qga_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/277">Plastic-eating Enzymes</a> <p><i>January 2023</i></p> <p>Researchers are looking to Nature to find ways to dispose of discarded plastic.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(30)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-30" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Nucleic Acids</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - storing genetic information and more (20)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_30"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/119"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/119/3gbi_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/119">Designed DNA Crystal</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/7"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/7/1aoi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/7">Nucleosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/260"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/260/6ahu_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/260">Ribonuclease P</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/130"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/130/mom130-1u8d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/130">Riboswitches</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/157"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/157/157-TransferMessengerRNA_3iyr_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/157">Transfer-Messenger RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a> <p><i>June 2017</i></p> <p>XFEL serial crystallography reveals what happens when adenine binds to a riboswitch</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/284"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/284/5np0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/284">ATM and ATR Kinases</a> <p><i>August 2023</i></p> <p>Dividing cells use ATM and ATR kinases to respond to DNA damage.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/119"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/119/3gbi_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/119">Designed DNA Crystal</a> <p><i>November 2009</i></p> <p>Small pieces of DNA have been engineered to form a nanoscale lattice</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a> <p><i>November 2001</i></p> <p>Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a> <p><i>January 2019</i></p> <p>RNA aptamers are being engineered to track molecules inside living cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/7"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/7/1aoi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/7">Nucleosome</a> <p><i>July 2000</i></p> <p>The cell's genome is stored and protected by nucleosomes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a> <p><i>April 2014</i></p> <p>Broken DNA strands may be repaired by matching sequences in a duplicate copy of the DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a> <p><i>August 2000</i></p> <p>Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA are useful tools for genetic engineering</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/260"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/260/6ahu_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/260">Ribonuclease P</a> <p><i>August 2021</i></p> <p>The ribozyme ribonuclease P cleaves pre-tRNA to form functional tRNA.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a> <p><i>October 2000</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of the ribosomal subunits reveal a central role for RNA in protein synthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/130"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/130/mom130-1u8d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/130">Riboswitches</a> <p><i>October 2010</i></p> <p>Special sequences of messenger RNA can bind to regulatory molecules and affect synthesis of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a> <p><i>May 2005</i></p> <p>Special sequences of RNA are able to splice themselves</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a> <p><i>February 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a> <p><i>May 2020</i></p> <p>Cryoelectron microscropy is revealing how spliceosomes cut-and-paste messenger RNA molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a> <p><i>November 2018</i></p> <p>Telomerase maintains the ends of our chromosomes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a> <p><i>July 2007</i></p> <p>Ultraviolet light damages our DNA, but our cells have ways to correct the damage</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a> <p><i>March 2001</i></p> <p>Transfer RNA translates the language of the genome into the language of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/157"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/157/157-TransferMessengerRNA_3iyr_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/157">Transfer-Messenger RNA</a> <p><i>January 2013</i></p> <p>tmRNA rescues ribosomes that are stalled by damaged messenger RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/155"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/155/155-VitaminDReceptor_VDRcryo-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/155">Vitamin D Receptor</a> <p><i>November 2012</i></p> <p>Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(10)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-10" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Protein Synthesis</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - building the molecules of life (55)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_10"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/80"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/80/80_1yyf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/80">AAA+ Proteases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/48"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/48/1cgp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/48">Catabolite Activator Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/32"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/32/chaperonin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/32">Chaperones</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/168"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/168/168-DNAHelicase_4esv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/168">DNA Helicase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/139"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/139/139-DNAMethylases_DNMT-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/139">DNA Methyltransferases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/81"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/81/81_1ttt-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/81">Elongation Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/122"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/122/enhanceosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/122">Enhanceosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/86"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/86/86_2nn6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/86">Exosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/253"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/253/253-Expressome-6x9q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/253">Expressome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/108"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/108/2cg9_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/108">Hsp90</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/230"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/230/230-Initiation_Factor_eIF4E-1rf8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/230">Initiation Factor eIF4E</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/131"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/131/1jva-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/131">Inteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/39"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/39/lac-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/39">lac Repressor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/289"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/289/7enc_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/289">Mediator</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/145"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/145/145-MessengerRNACapping_3kyh_1ri1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/145">Messenger RNA Capping</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/7"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/7/1aoi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/7">Nucleosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/141"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/141/141-OGlcNAcTransferase_3pe4_1w3b-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/141">O-GlcNAc Transferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/112"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/112/1gt0_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/112">Oct and Sox Transcription Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/266"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/266/6s7o_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/266">Oligosaccharyltransferase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/31"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/31/p53-unbound-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/31">p53 Tumor Suppressor</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/106"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/106/106_1fa0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/106">Poly(A) Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/166"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/166/166-Proteasome_4b4t_dimer-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/166">Proteasome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/140"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/140/140-RhomboidProteaseGlpG_2nrf_membrane-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/140">Rhomboid Protease GlpG</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/260"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/260/6ahu_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/260">Ribonuclease P</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/295"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/295/ribosomes_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/295">Ribosome Diversity</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/130"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/130/mom130-1u8d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/130">Riboswitches</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/213"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/213/213-Sirtuins-4iao-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/213">Sirtuins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/150"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/150/150-SlidingClamps_3u5z_open-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/150">Sliding Clamps</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/67"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/67/1cdw-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/67">TATA-Binding Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/157"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/157/157-TransferMessengerRNA_3iyr_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/157">Transfer-Messenger RNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/60"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/60/ubiquitin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/60">Ubiquitin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/87"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/87/87_1tf6-1un6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/87">Zinc Fingers</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/80"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/80/80_1yyf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/80">AAA+ Proteases</a> <p><i>August 2006</i></p> <p>AAA+ proteases are ATP-powered molecular motors that thread protein chains through a hole </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a> <p><i>May 2007</i></p> <p>Aconitase performs a reaction in the citric acid cycle, and moonlights as a regulatory protein</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a> <p><i>June 2017</i></p> <p>XFEL serial crystallography reveals what happens when adenine binds to a riboswitch</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/16"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/16/1asz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/16">Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases</a> <p><i>April 2001</i></p> <p>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the proper amino acids are used to build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a> <p><i>January 2015</i></p> <p>Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/48"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/48/1cgp-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/48">Catabolite Activator Protein</a> <p><i>December 2003</i></p> <p>CAP senses the level of sugar and mobilizes the proteins needed to utilize it</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/32"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/32/chaperonin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/32">Chaperones</a> <p><i>August 2002</i></p> <p>Chaperones help new proteins fold into their proper shape</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a> <p><i>November 2001</i></p> <p>Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/168"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/168/168-DNAHelicase_4esv-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/168">DNA Helicase</a> <p><i>December 2013</i></p> <p>DNA helicase pries apart the two strands in a DNA double helix, powered by ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a> <p><i>July 2004</i></p> <p>DNA ligase reconnects broken DNA strands, and is used to engineer recombinant DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/139"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/139/139-DNAMethylases_DNMT-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/139">DNA Methyltransferases</a> <p><i>July 2011</i></p> <p>Cells add methyl groups to their DNA to encode additional epigenetic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>March 2000</i></p> <p>DNA polymerase makes an accurate copy of the cell's genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/81"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/81/81_1ttt-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/81">Elongation Factors</a> <p><i>September 2006</i></p> <p>Protein synthesis requires the assistance of several elongation factors that guide each step</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/122"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/122/enhanceosome-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/122">Enhanceosome</a> <p><i>February 2010</i></p> <p>Enhanceosomes help decide the appropriate time to transcribe a gene</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/45"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/45/1hcq-1a52-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/45">Estrogen Receptor</a> <p><i>September 2003</i></p> <p>Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/86"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/86/86_2nn6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/86">Exosomes</a> <p><i>February 2007</i></p> <p>Exosomes destroy messenger RNA molecules after they have finished their jobs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/253"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/253/253-Expressome-6x9q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/253">Expressome</a> <p><i>January 2021</i></p> <p>In bacteria, ribosomes start building proteins as messenger RNA is being transcribed</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/33"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/33/3hvt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/33">HIV Reverse Transcriptase</a> <p><i>September 2002</i></p> <p>HIV builds a DNA copy of its RNA genome, providing a unique target for drug therapy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/108"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/108/2cg9_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/108">Hsp90</a> <p><i>December 2008</i></p> <p>Heat shock proteins ensure that proteins remain folded and active under harsh conditions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/230"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/230/230-Initiation_Factor_eIF4E-1rf8_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/230">Initiation Factor eIF4E</a> <p><i>February 2019</i></p> <p>Initiation factors for protein synthesis interact through disordered chains.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/131"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/131/1jva-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/131">Inteins</a> <p><i>November 2010</i></p> <p>Inteins splice themselves out of larger protein chains</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/39"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/39/lac-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/39">lac Repressor</a> <p><i>March 2003</i></p> <p>A genetic circuit controls the production of lactose-utilizing enzymes in bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a> <p><i>September 2000</i></p> <p>Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/289"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/289/7enc_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/289">Mediator</a> <p><i>January 2024</i></p> <p>Mediator integrates regulatory information to decide when genes need to be transcribed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/145"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/145/145-MessengerRNACapping_3kyh_1ri1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/145">Messenger RNA Capping</a> <p><i>January 2012</i></p> <p>Messenger RNA molecules are capped with an inverted nucleotide</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/7"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/7/1aoi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/7">Nucleosome</a> <p><i>July 2000</i></p> <p>The cell's genome is stored and protected by nucleosomes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/141"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/141/141-OGlcNAcTransferase_3pe4_1w3b-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/141">O-GlcNAc Transferase</a> <p><i>September 2011</i></p> <p>Some protein functions are regulated when sugars are attached</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/112"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/112/1gt0_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/112">Oct and Sox Transcription Factors</a> <p><i>April 2009</i></p> <p>Transcription factors decide when particular genes will be transcribed</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/266"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/266/6s7o_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/266">Oligosaccharyltransferase</a> <p><i>February 2022</i></p> <p>Oligosaccharyltransferase adds a protective coat of carbohydrates to proteins.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/31"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/31/p53-unbound-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/31">p53 Tumor Suppressor</a> <p><i>July 2002</i></p> <p>p53 tumor suppressor protects the body from DNA damage and cancer</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/106"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/106/106_1fa0-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/106">Poly(A) Polymerase</a> <p><i>October 2008</i></p> <p>Poly(A) polymerase adds a long tail of adenine nucleotides at the end of messenger RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/166"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/166/166-Proteasome_4b4t_dimer-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/166">Proteasome</a> <p><i>October 2013</i></p> <p>Proteasomes destroy damaged or obsolete proteins inside cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/172"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/172/172-RecAAndRad51_recA_filament-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/172">RecA and Rad51</a> <p><i>April 2014</i></p> <p>Broken DNA strands may be repaired by matching sequences in a duplicate copy of the DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a> <p><i>August 2000</i></p> <p>Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA are useful tools for genetic engineering</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/140"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/140/140-RhomboidProteaseGlpG_2nrf_membrane-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/140">Rhomboid Protease GlpG</a> <p><i>August 2011</i></p> <p>Some proteases cut proteins embedded in cell membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/260"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/260/6ahu_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/260">Ribonuclease P</a> <p><i>August 2021</i></p> <p>The ribozyme ribonuclease P cleaves pre-tRNA to form functional tRNA.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a> <p><i>October 2000</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of the ribosomal subunits reveal a central role for RNA in protein synthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/295"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/295/ribosomes_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/295">Ribosome Diversity</a> <p><i>July 2024</i></p> <p>By comparing the structures of ribosomes from different organisms, we can explore the evolution of life.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/130"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/130/mom130-1u8d-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/130">Riboswitches</a> <p><i>October 2010</i></p> <p>Special sequences of messenger RNA can bind to regulatory molecules and affect synthesis of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>April 2003</i></p> <p>RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a> <p><i>August 2008</i></p> <p>Selenium is used in place of sulfur to build proteins for special tasks</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/65"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/65/1u6b-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/65">Self-splicing RNA</a> <p><i>May 2005</i></p> <p>Special sequences of RNA are able to splice themselves</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/213"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/213/213-Sirtuins-4iao-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/213">Sirtuins</a> <p><i>September 2017</i></p> <p>Sirtuin activation is being explored as a way to slow aging.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/150"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/150/150-SlidingClamps_3u5z_open-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/150">Sliding Clamps</a> <p><i>June 2012</i></p> <p>Sliding clamps slide along DNA strands and keep DNA polymerase on track during replication</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/98"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/98/98_siRNA-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/98">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</a> <p><i>February 2008</i></p> <p>Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/67"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/67/1cdw-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/67">TATA-Binding Protein</a> <p><i>July 2005</i></p> <p>TATA protein tells RNA polymerase where to get started on a gene</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/91"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/91/91_1n4e-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/91">Thymine Dimers</a> <p><i>July 2007</i></p> <p>Ultraviolet light damages our DNA, but our cells have ways to correct the damage</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/73"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/73/1a36-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/73">Topoisomerases</a> <p><i>January 2006</i></p> <p>Topoisomerases untangle and reduce the tension of DNA strands in the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/15"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/15/4tna-figure-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/15">Transfer RNA</a> <p><i>March 2001</i></p> <p>Transfer RNA translates the language of the genome into the language of proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/157"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/157/157-TransferMessengerRNA_3iyr_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/157">Transfer-Messenger RNA</a> <p><i>January 2013</i></p> <p>tmRNA rescues ribosomes that are stalled by damaged messenger RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/84"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/84/84_1muh-tube-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/84">Transposase</a> <p><i>December 2006</i></p> <p>Transposases shift genes around in the genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/60"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/60/ubiquitin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/60">Ubiquitin</a> <p><i>December 2004</i></p> <p>Ubiquitin is used to tag obsolete proteins for destruction</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/87"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/87/87_1tf6-1un6-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/87">Zinc Fingers</a> <p><i>March 2007</i></p> <p>Zinc ions are used to strengthen small protein modules that recognize DNA</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(13)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-13" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Transport</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - delivering the cell's resources (23)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_13"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/203"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/203/203-Aminopeptidase_1_and_Autophagy-Selective_Autophagy_2016-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/203">Aminopeptidase 1 and Autophagy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/293"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/293/8eiq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/293">CFTR and Cystic Fibrosis</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/88"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/88/88_1xi4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/88">Clathrin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/159"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/159/159-Erythrocruorin_2gtl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/159">Erythrocruorin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/35"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/35/ferritin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/35">Ferritin and Transferrin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/257"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/257/257-Fetal_Hemoglobin-1fdh_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/257">Fetal Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/208"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/208/208-Glucose_Transporters-4pyp_4zwc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/208">Glucose Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/265"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/265/5yh2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/265">Golgi Casein Kinase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/85"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/85/85_1qgk-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/85">Importins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/294"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/294/7ah9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/294">Injectisome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/290"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/290/7qv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/290">Nanowires</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/205"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/205/205-Nuclear_Pore_Complex-5a9q_5ijn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/205">Nuclear Pore Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/123"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/123/3g61_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/123">P-glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/158"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/158/158-ProtonGatedUreaChannel_3ux4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/158">Proton-Gated Urea Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/37"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/37/1e7i-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/37">Serum Albumin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/203"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/203/203-Aminopeptidase_1_and_Autophagy-Selective_Autophagy_2016-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/203">Aminopeptidase 1 and Autophagy</a> <p><i>November 2016</i></p> <p>Aminopeptidase 1 is delivered inside the cell using the machinery of autophagy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/92"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/92/92_1d2s-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/92">Anabolic Steroids</a> <p><i>August 2007</i></p> <p>Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a> <p><i>May 2014</i></p> <p>Aquaporins create a channel for water molecules to cross through cell membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/293"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/293/8eiq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/293">CFTR and Cystic Fibrosis</a> <p><i>May 2024</i></p> <p>Cystic fibrosis is currently treated using drugs that enhance the function of mutated CFTR</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/88"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/88/88_1xi4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/88">Clathrin</a> <p><i>April 2007</i></p> <p>Three-armed clathrin triskelions are used to build molecular cages involved in transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/159"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/159/159-Erythrocruorin_2gtl-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/159">Erythrocruorin</a> <p><i>March 2013</i></p> <p>Earthworms build a huge version of hemoglobin to carry oxygen</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/35"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/35/ferritin-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/35">Ferritin and Transferrin</a> <p><i>November 2002</i></p> <p>Ferritin and transferrin manage our essential stores of iron ions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/257"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/257/257-Fetal_Hemoglobin-1fdh_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/257">Fetal Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2021</i></p> <p>Fetal hemoglobin allows a growing fetus to receive oxygen from their mother.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/208"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/208/208-Glucose_Transporters-4pyp_4zwc-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/208">Glucose Transporters</a> <p><i>April 2017</i></p> <p>Glucose transporters deliver glucose molecules one-by-one across cell membranes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/265"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/265/5yh2_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/265">Golgi Casein Kinase</a> <p><i>January 2022</i></p> <p>Casein and many other secreted proteins are phosphorylated by Golgi casein kinase</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/85"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/85/85_1qgk-composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/85">Importins</a> <p><i>January 2007</i></p> <p>Importins deliver proteins into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/294"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/294/7ah9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/294">Injectisome</a> <p><i>June 2024</i></p> <p>Salmonella bacteria inject a cocktail of effector proteins into cells to disable their defenses.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/95"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/95/95_2onj-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/95">Multidrug Resistance Transporters</a> <p><i>November 2007</i></p> <p>Many bacteria use multidrug resistance transporters to pump drugs and poisons out of the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a> <p><i>September 2019</i></p> <p>Nanodiscs conveniently package a small piece of membrane for experimental studies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/290"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/290/7qv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/290">Nanowires</a> <p><i>February 2024</i></p> <p>Nanowires conduct electrons one at a time inside biological molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/171"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/171/171-NeurotransmitterTransporters_4m48-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/171">Neurotransmitter Transporters</a> <p><i>March 2014</i></p> <p>Neurotransmitters are transported out of nerve synapses to end a signal transmission</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/205"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/205/205-Nuclear_Pore_Complex-5a9q_5ijn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/205">Nuclear Pore Complex</a> <p><i>January 2017</i></p> <p>The nuclear pore complex is the gateway between the nucleus and cytoplasm.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/123"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/123/3g61_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/123">P-glycoprotein</a> <p><i>March 2010</i></p> <p>P-glycoprotein pumps toxic molecules out of our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/158"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/158/158-ProtonGatedUreaChannel_3ux4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/158">Proton-Gated Urea Channel</a> <p><i>February 2013</i></p> <p>A channel that passes urea allows ulcer-producing bacteria to live in the stomach</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/233"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/233/233-SNitrosylated_Hemoglobin-1buw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/233">S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2019</i></p> <p>Nitric oxide is attached to a conserved cysteine in hemoglobin and then released to control the flow of blood.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/37"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/37/1e7i-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/37">Serum Albumin</a> <p><i>January 2003</i></p> <p>Serum albumin delivers fatty acid molecules through the bloodstream</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/118"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/118/2zxe_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/118">Sodium-Potassium Pump</a> <p><i>October 2009</i></p> <p>Cells continually pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in, powered by ATP</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-2" class="tab-pane"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/browser/images/icons/biotech-and-nanotech.jpg" style="margin: 10px 0 20px 0;max-height:80px;"> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(20)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-20" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Biotechnology</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - using biology in industry (18)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_20"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/120"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/120/1kdf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/120">Antifreeze Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/261"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/261/4uv3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/261">DNA-Sequencing Nanopores</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/277"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/277/5xh3_6qga_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/277">Plastic-eating Enzymes</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/13"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/13/1htb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/13">Alcohol Dehydrogenase</a> <p><i>January 2001</i></p> <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/74"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/74/74_1ppi-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/74">Alpha-amylase</a> <p><i>February 2006</i></p> <p>Amylases digest starch to produce glucose</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/120"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/120/1kdf-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/120">Antifreeze Proteins</a> <p><i>December 2009</i></p> <p>Small antifreeze proteins protect cells from damage by ice</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/110"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/110/2p1p-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/110">Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase</a> <p><i>February 2009</i></p> <p>The plant hormone auxin controls growth and response to light and gravity</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/216"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/216/216-Biodegradable_Plastic-5t6o_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/216">Biodegradable Plastic</a> <p><i>December 2017</i></p> <p>Bacteria build biodegradable plastic that could be better for the environment</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a> <p><i>January 2015</i></p> <p>Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/214"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/214/214-Chimeric_Antigen_Receptors-CAR-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/214">Chimeric Antigen Receptors</a> <p><i>October 2017</i></p> <p>T cells may be engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to attack cancer cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a> <p><i>December 2018</i></p> <p>Biological evolution is being harnessed in the lab to create new enzymes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>March 2000</i></p> <p>DNA polymerase makes an accurate copy of the cell's genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/261"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/261/4uv3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/261">DNA-Sequencing Nanopores</a> <p><i>September 2021</i></p> <p>Designer nanopores work with enzymes to offer pocket-sized DNA sequencing</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/218"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/218/218-EPSP_Synthase_and_Weedkillers-2gg4_2gga-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/218">EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers</a> <p><i>February 2018</i></p> <p>The weedkiller Roundup attacks a key enzyme involved in the construction of aromatic compounds.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a> <p><i>June 2014</i></p> <p>GFP-like proteins found in nature or engineered in the laboratory now span every color of the rainbow </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/77"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/77/77_1gpe-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/77">Glucose Oxidase</a> <p><i>May 2006</i></p> <p>Glucose oxidase measures blood glucose level in biosensors</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a> <p><i>June 2003</i></p> <p>A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/199"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/199/199-Monellin-SuperSweet-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/199">Monellin</a> <p><i>July 2016</i></p> <p>Monellin and other supersweet proteins trick our taste receptors.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a> <p><i>December 2000</i></p> <p>Pepsin digests proteins in strong stomach acid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/225"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/225/225-Phytase-1dkq_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/225">Phytase</a> <p><i>September 2018</i></p> <p>Phytase is used in agriculture to mobilize indigestible phosphate compounds in livestock feed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/277"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/277/5xh3_6qga_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/277">Plastic-eating Enzymes</a> <p><i>January 2023</i></p> <p>Researchers are looking to Nature to find ways to dispose of discarded plastic.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(21)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-21" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Nanotechnology</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - building on nature (19)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_21"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/119"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/119/3gbi_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/119">Designed DNA Crystal</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/165"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/165/165-DesignedProteinCages_3vdx_4egg-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/165">Designed Protein Cages</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/70"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/70/1qys-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/70">Designer Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/261"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/261/4uv3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/261">DNA-Sequencing Nanopores</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/131"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/131/1jva-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/131">Inteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/290"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/290/7qv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/290">Nanowires</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/232"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/232/231-Proteins_and_Biominerals-1q8h_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/232">Proteins and Biominerals</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/222"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/222/221-Proteins_and_Nanoparticles-5et3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/222">Proteins and Nanoparticles</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/180"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/180/180-TALEffectors_3ugm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/180">TAL Effectors</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/132"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/132/132-Adenovirus_adenovirus-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/132">Adenovirus</a> <p><i>December 2010</i></p> <p>Adenovirus has an icosahedral capsid with unusual cell-binding fibers</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a> <p><i>September 2001</i></p> <p>Antibodies search for foreign molecules in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a> <p><i>January 2015</i></p> <p>Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a> <p><i>April 2010</i></p> <p>For some proteins, clipped and reassembled sequences can produce the same 3D shape</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/137"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/137/137-Cytochromebc1_3h1j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/137">Cytochrome bc1</a> <p><i>May 2011</i></p> <p>A flow of electrons powers proton pumps in cellular respiration and photosynthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/119"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/119/3gbi_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/119">Designed DNA Crystal</a> <p><i>November 2009</i></p> <p>Small pieces of DNA have been engineered to form a nanoscale lattice</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/165"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/165/165-DesignedProteinCages_3vdx_4egg-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/165">Designed Protein Cages</a> <p><i>September 2013</i></p> <p>Researchers are modifying natural proteins to design new self-assembling protein cages</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/70"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/70/1qys-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/70">Designer Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2005</i></p> <p>Researchers have successfully designed entirely new proteins based on biological principles</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/261"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/261/4uv3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/261">DNA-Sequencing Nanopores</a> <p><i>September 2021</i></p> <p>Designer nanopores work with enzymes to offer pocket-sized DNA sequencing</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/229"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/229/229-Fluorescent_RNA_AptamersSpinach_fluorescent_aptamer_with_RNA_in_light_orange_and_fluorophore_in_green-4kzd_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/229">Fluorescent RNA Aptamers</a> <p><i>January 2019</i></p> <p>RNA aptamers are being engineered to track molecules inside living cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/174"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/174/174-GFPLikeProteins_1g7k-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/174">GFP-like Proteins</a> <p><i>June 2014</i></p> <p>GFP-like proteins found in nature or engineered in the laboratory now span every color of the rainbow </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/42"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/42/1gfl-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/42">Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)</a> <p><i>June 2003</i></p> <p>A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/131"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/131/1jva-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/131">Inteins</a> <p><i>November 2010</i></p> <p>Inteins splice themselves out of larger protein chains</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a> <p><i>September 2019</i></p> <p>Nanodiscs conveniently package a small piece of membrane for experimental studies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/290"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/290/7qv7_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/290">Nanowires</a> <p><i>February 2024</i></p> <p>Nanowires conduct electrons one at a time inside biological molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/232"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/232/231-Proteins_and_Biominerals-1q8h_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/232">Proteins and Biominerals</a> <p><i>April 2019</i></p> <p>Small biomineral crystals are used to build bone, eggshells and even tiny compasses.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/222"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/222/221-Proteins_and_Nanoparticles-5et3_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/222">Proteins and Nanoparticles</a> <p><i>June 2018</i></p> <p>Nanotech scientists are designing new ways to combine proteins and nanoparticles </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/161"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/161/161-Ricin_2aai-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/161">Ricin</a> <p><i>May 2013</i></p> <p>The structure of ricin reveals how it kills cells and how vaccines can produce immunity against ricin poisoning</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/180"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/180/180-TALEffectors_3ugm-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/180">TAL Effectors</a> <p><i>December 2014</i></p> <p>TAL-effectors are modular, DNA-reading proteins that can be used to edit DNA in living cells</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(19)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-19" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Recombinant DNA</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - engineering custom proteins (5)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_19"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/112"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/112/1gt0_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/112">Oct and Sox Transcription Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a> <p><i>June 2016</i></p> <p>Beta-galactosidase is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/55"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/55/1a0i-1dgs-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/55">DNA Ligase</a> <p><i>July 2004</i></p> <p>DNA ligase reconnects broken DNA strands, and is used to engineer recombinant DNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/3"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/3/1tau-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/3">DNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>March 2000</i></p> <p>DNA polymerase makes an accurate copy of the cell's genome</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/112"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/112/1gt0_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/112">Oct and Sox Transcription Factors</a> <p><i>April 2009</i></p> <p>Transcription factors decide when particular genes will be transcribed</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/8"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/8/ecorI-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/8">Restriction Enzymes</a> <p><i>August 2000</i></p> <p>Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA are useful tools for genetic engineering</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(22)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-22" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Renewable Energy</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - powering the world with biology (4)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_22"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/281"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/281/Cel7A_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/281">Cellulases and Bioenergy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/111"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/111/hydrogenases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/111">Hydrogenase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/281"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/281/Cel7A_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/281">Cellulases and Bioenergy</a> <p><i>May 2023</i></p> <p>Powerful fungal enzymes break down cellulose during industrial production of ethanol from plant material.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a> <p><i>December 2018</i></p> <p>Biological evolution is being harnessed in the lab to create new enzymes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/111"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/111/hydrogenases-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/111">Hydrogenase</a> <p><i>March 2009</i></p> <p>Hydrogenases use unusual metal ions to split hydrogen gas</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/179"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/179/179-MethylCoenzymeMReductase_1mro-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/179">Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase</a> <p><i>November 2014</i></p> <p>Methanogens use sophisticated molecular tools to build methane</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-3" class="tab-pane"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/browser/images/icons/structures-and-structure-determination.jpg" style="margin: 10px 0 20px 0;max-height:80px;"> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(24)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-24" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Biomolecular Structural Biology</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - methods for determining atomic structures (12)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_24"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/142"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/142/142-PDBPioneers_oxygencarrier-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/142">PDB Pioneers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/207"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/207/207-Photoactive_Yellow_Protein-2pyp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/207">Photoactive Yellow Protein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/241"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/241/241-Twenty_Years_of_Molecules-6j4y_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/241">Twenty Years of Molecules</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a> <p><i>June 2017</i></p> <p>XFEL serial crystallography reveals what happens when adenine binds to a riboswitch</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a> <p><i>October 2021</i></p> <p>The Protein Data Bank is celebrating its golden anniversary!</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/9"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/9/2lyz-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/9">Lysozyme</a> <p><i>September 2000</i></p> <p>Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a> <p><i>January 2000</i></p> <p>Myoglobin was the first protein to have its atomic structure determined, revealing how it stores oxygen in muscle cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/237"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/237/237-Nanodiscs_and_HDL-6clz_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/237">Nanodiscs and HDL</a> <p><i>September 2019</i></p> <p>Nanodiscs conveniently package a small piece of membrane for experimental studies.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/142"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/142/142-PDBPioneers_oxygencarrier-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/142">PDB Pioneers</a> <p><i>October 2011</i></p> <p>A dozen historic structures set the foundation for the PDB archive</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/12"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/12/pepsin-pepsinogen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/12">Pepsin</a> <p><i>December 2000</i></p> <p>Pepsin digests proteins in strong stomach acid</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/207"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/207/207-Photoactive_Yellow_Protein-2pyp-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/207">Photoactive Yellow Protein</a> <p><i>March 2017</i></p> <p>Researchers use synchrotrons and X-ray lasers to reveal the rapid processes of light sensing.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a> <p><i>September 2008</i></p> <p>Ribonuclease cuts and controls RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/104"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/104/104_3bc8_2yye-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/104">Selenocysteine Synthase</a> <p><i>August 2008</i></p> <p>Selenium is used in place of sulfur to build proteins for special tasks</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/46"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/46/serine-proteases-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/46">Trypsin</a> <p><i>October 2003</i></p> <p>An activated serine amino acid in trypsin cleaves protein chains </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/241"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/241/241-Twenty_Years_of_Molecules-6j4y_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/241">Twenty Years of Molecules</a> <p><i>January 2020</i></p> <p>Celebrating the structural biology revolution</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(23)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-23" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Biomolecules</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the building blocks of life (14)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_23"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/215"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/215/215-Aspartate_Transcarbamoylase-5at1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/215">Aspartate Transcarbamoylase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/127"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/127/mom127_crystallins2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/127">Crystallins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/259"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/259/259-Designed_Proteins_and_Citizen_Science-Foldit_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/259">Designed Proteins and Citizen Science</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/206"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/206/206-Globin_Evolution-Myoglobins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/206">Globin Evolution</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/200"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/200/200-Quasisymmetry_in_Icosahedral_Viruses-Quasisymmetry-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/200">Quasisymmetry in Icosahedral Viruses</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/89"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/89/89_2b3y-2ipy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/89">Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1</a> <p><i>May 2007</i></p> <p>Aconitase performs a reaction in the citric acid cycle, and moonlights as a regulatory protein</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/210"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/210/210-Adenine_Riboswitch_in_Action-5e54_5swe-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/210">Adenine Riboswitch in Action</a> <p><i>June 2017</i></p> <p>XFEL serial crystallography reveals what happens when adenine binds to a riboswitch</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/215"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/215/215-Aspartate_Transcarbamoylase-5at1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/215">Aspartate Transcarbamoylase</a> <p><i>November 2017</i></p> <p>Key biosynthetic enzymes are regulated by their ultimate products through allosteric motions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/4/collagen-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/4">Collagen</a> <p><i>April 2000</i></p> <p>Sturdy fibers of collagen give structure to our bodies</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/124"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/124/1cvn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/124">Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation</a> <p><i>April 2010</i></p> <p>For some proteins, clipped and reassembled sequences can produce the same 3D shape</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/127"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/127/mom127_crystallins2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/127">Crystallins</a> <p><i>July 2010</i></p> <p>A concentrated solution of crystallins refracts light in our eye lens</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/259"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/259/259-Designed_Proteins_and_Citizen_Science-Foldit_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/259">Designed Proteins and Citizen Science</a> <p><i>July 2021</i></p> <p>What if people with no formal experience in science could help to improve or even rewrite nature, simply by playing a game?</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a> <p><i>November 2001</i></p> <p>Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a> <p><i>October 2021</i></p> <p>The Protein Data Bank is celebrating its golden anniversary!</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/206"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/206/206-Globin_Evolution-Myoglobins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/206">Globin Evolution</a> <p><i>February 2017</i></p> <p>The mechanisms of molecular evolution are revealed in globin sequences and structures.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/14"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/14/14-Insulin-4ins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/14">Insulin</a> <p><i>February 2001</i></p> <p>The hormone insulin helps control the level of glucose in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/200"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/200/200-Quasisymmetry_in_Icosahedral_Viruses-Quasisymmetry-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/200">Quasisymmetry in Icosahedral Viruses</a> <p><i>August 2016</i></p> <p>Viruses use quasisymmetry to build large capsids out of many small subunits</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(25)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-25" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Integrative/Hybrid Methods</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - combining techniques to explore huge assemblies (10)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_25"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/189"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/189/189-Amyloids_2m4j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/189">Amyloids</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/88"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/88/88_1xi4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/88">Clathrin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/205"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/205/205-Nuclear_Pore_Complex-5a9q_5ijn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/205">Nuclear Pore Complex</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/166"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/166/166-Proteasome_4b4t_dimer-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/166">Proteasome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/219"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/219/219-Vacuolar_ATPase-5vox-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/219">Vacuolar ATPase</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/189"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/189/189-Amyloids_2m4j-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/189">Amyloids</a> <p><i>September 2015</i></p> <p>Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases are linked to unnatural aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/198"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/198/198-betaGalactosidase-1jz8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/198">Beta-galactosidase</a> <p><i>June 2016</i></p> <p>Beta-galactosidase is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of bacteria</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/88"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/88/88_1xi4-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/88">Clathrin</a> <p><i>April 2007</i></p> <p>Three-armed clathrin triskelions are used to build molecular cages involved in transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/163"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/163/163-HIVCapsid_capsid_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/163">HIV Capsid</a> <p><i>July 2013</i></p> <p>At the center of HIV, an unusual cone-shaped capsid protects the viral genome and delivers it into infected cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/169"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/169/169-HIVEnvelopeGlycoprotein_4nco_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/169">HIV Envelope Glycoprotein</a> <p><i>January 2014</i></p> <p>Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/175"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/175/175-Microtubules_3j2u-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/175">Microtubules</a> <p><i>July 2014</i></p> <p>The largest filaments of the cytoskeleton provide tracks for transport throughout the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/205"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/205/205-Nuclear_Pore_Complex-5a9q_5ijn-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/205">Nuclear Pore Complex</a> <p><i>January 2017</i></p> <p>The nuclear pore complex is the gateway between the nucleus and cytoplasm.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/211"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/211/211-Pilus_Machine-3jc8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/211">Pilus Machine</a> <p><i>July 2017</i></p> <p>A molecular machine with a rotary motor builds a long protein filament involved in bacterial motility and attachment.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/166"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/166/166-Proteasome_4b4t_dimer-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/166">Proteasome</a> <p><i>October 2013</i></p> <p>Proteasomes destroy damaged or obsolete proteins inside cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/219"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/219/219-Vacuolar_ATPase-5vox-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/219">Vacuolar ATPase</a> <p><i>March 2018</i></p> <p>Two linked molecular motors are used to pump protons across membranes.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(28)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-28" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Nobel Prizes and PDB structures</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - award-winning research (30)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_28"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/251"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/251/251-Adenylyl_Cyclase-6r3q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/251">Adenylyl Cyclase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/203"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/203/203-Aminopeptidase_1_and_Autophagy-Selective_Autophagy_2016-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/203">Aminopeptidase 1 and Autophagy</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/276"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/276/1q83_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/276">Click Chemistry</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/142"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/142/142-PDBPioneers_oxygencarrier-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/142">PDB Pioneers</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/109"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/109/2tmv_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/109">Tobacco Mosaic Virus</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/251"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/251/251-Adenylyl_Cyclase-6r3q_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/251">Adenylyl Cyclase</a> <p><i>November 2020</i></p> <p>Adenylyl cyclase creates second messengers to amplify signals from G-protein coupled receptors</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/100"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/100/100_2rh1-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/100">Adrenergic Receptors</a> <p><i>April 2008</i></p> <p>Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/203"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/203/203-Aminopeptidase_1_and_Autophagy-Selective_Autophagy_2016-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/203">Aminopeptidase 1 and Autophagy</a> <p><i>November 2016</i></p> <p>Aminopeptidase 1 is delivered inside the cell using the machinery of autophagy</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/21"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/21/1igt-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/21">Antibodies</a> <p><i>September 2001</i></p> <p>Antibodies search for foreign molecules in the blood</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/173"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/173/173-Aquaporin_1fqy-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/173">Aquaporin</a> <p><i>May 2014</i></p> <p>Aquaporins create a channel for water molecules to cross through cell membranes</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/72"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/72/ATPsynthase-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/72">ATP Synthase</a> <p><i>December 2005</i></p> <p>ATP synthase links two rotary motors to generate ATP</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/27"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/27/1fbb-twoviews-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/27">Bacteriorhodopsin</a> <p><i>March 2002</i></p> <p>Bacteriorhodopsin pumps protons powered by green sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/250"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/250/250-Capsaicin_Receptor_TRPV1-5is0_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/250">Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1</a> <p><i>October 2020</i></p> <p>TRPV1 is an ion channel that senses heat and contributes to pain sensation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/181"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/181/181-CascadeAndCRISPR_1vy8-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/181">Cascade and CRISPR</a> <p><i>January 2015</i></p> <p>Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/97"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/97/97_Kai-proteins-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/97">Circadian Clock Proteins</a> <p><i>January 2008</i></p> <p>Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/276"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/276/1q83_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/276">Click Chemistry</a> <p><i>December 2022</i></p> <p>A modular approach to chemistry simplifies the construction of complex protein-targeting molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/228"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/228/228-Directed_Evolution_of_Enzymes-5ucw_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/228">Directed Evolution of Enzymes</a> <p><i>December 2018</i></p> <p>Biological evolution is being harnessed in the lab to create new enzymes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/23"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/23/B-DNA-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/23">DNA</a> <p><i>November 2001</i></p> <p>Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/58"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/58/58-G_Proteins-1gg2-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/58">G Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2004</i></p> <p>G proteins receive signals from cellular receptors and deliver them inside the cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/41"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/41/2dhb-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/41">Hemoglobin</a> <p><i>May 2003</i></p> <p>Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/252"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/252/252-Hepatitis_C_Virus_ProteaseHelicase-1cu1_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/252">Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase</a> <p><i>December 2020</i></p> <p>Structures of hepatitis C viral proteins have led to the discovery of direct-acting antivirals.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/240"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/240/240-HypoxiaInducible_Factors-1lqb_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/240">Hypoxia-Inducible Factors</a> <p><i>December 2019</i></p> <p>HIF-伪 is a molecular switch that responds to changing oxygen levels.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/1"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/1/1-Myoglobin-geis-0218-myoglobin-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/1">Myoglobin</a> <p><i>January 2000</i></p> <p>Myoglobin was the first protein to have its atomic structure determined, revealing how it stores oxygen in muscle cells.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/142"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/142/142-PDBPioneers_oxygencarrier-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/142">PDB Pioneers</a> <p><i>October 2011</i></p> <p>A dozen historic structures set the foundation for the PDB archive</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/22"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/22/1jb0-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/22">Photosystem I</a> <p><i>October 2001</i></p> <p>Photosystem I captures the energy in sunlight</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/59"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/59/1s5l-membrane-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/59">Photosystem II</a> <p><i>November 2004</i></p> <p>Photosystem II captures the energy from sunlight and uses it to extract electrons from water molecules</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/223"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/223/223-Piezo1_Mechanosensitive_Channel-6b3r_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/223">Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel</a> <p><i>July 2018</i></p> <p>Mechanosensitive ion channels give our cells a sense of touch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/38"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/38/1bl8-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/38">Potassium Channels</a> <p><i>February 2003</i></p> <p>Potassium channels allow potassium ions to pass, but block smaller sodium ions</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/105"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/105/105_5rsa-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/105">Ribonuclease A</a> <p><i>September 2008</i></p> <p>Ribonuclease cuts and controls RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/10"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/10/ribosome-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/10">Ribosomal Subunits</a> <p><i>October 2000</i></p> <p>Atomic structures of the ribosomal subunits reveal a central role for RNA in protein synthesis</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/121"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/121/2wdk_2wdl_front-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/121">Ribosome</a> <p><i>January 2010</i></p> <p>Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/40"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/40/1i6h-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/40">RNA Polymerase</a> <p><i>April 2003</i></p> <p>RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/245"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/245/245-Spliceosomes-3jb9_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/245">Spliceosomes</a> <p><i>May 2020</i></p> <p>Cryoelectron microscropy is revealing how spliceosomes cut-and-paste messenger RNA molecules.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/227"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/227/227-Telomerase-6d6v-homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/227">Telomerase</a> <p><i>November 2018</i></p> <p>Telomerase maintains the ends of our chromosomes.</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/109"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/109/2tmv_composite-tn.jpg" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/109">Tobacco Mosaic Virus</a> <p><i>January 2009</i></p> <p>A cylindrical arrangement of proteins protects a long strand of RNA in TMV</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(26)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-26" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>PDB Data</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - understanding the information stored in the PDB archive (1)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_26"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/262"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/262/1970s_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/262">Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures </a> <p><i>October 2021</i></p> <p>The Protein Data Bank is celebrating its golden anniversary!</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <p class="subcategory"><a href="javascript:toggleSubcategory(39)" style="font-size:16px;" class="no-underline"><span id="chevron-subcategory-39" class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>Protein Structure Prediction, Design, and Computed Structure Models</a><i class="subcategory-tagline"> - the PDB archive made protein structure prediction and protein design possible (3)</i></p> <div style="display:none;" id="subcategory_39"> <div class="row grid-view"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/259"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/259/259-Designed_Proteins_and_Citizen_Science-Foldit_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/259">Designed Proteins and Citizen Science</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/70"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/70/1qys-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/70">Designer Proteins</a></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-3 grid-cell"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a> <div><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="display:none;" class="list-view"> <table class="list-view"> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/259"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/259/259-Designed_Proteins_and_Citizen_Science-Foldit_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/259">Designed Proteins and Citizen Science</a> <p><i>July 2021</i></p> <p>What if people with no formal experience in science could help to improve or even rewrite nature, simply by playing a game?</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/70"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/70/1qys-composite-tn.gif" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/70">Designer Proteins</a> <p><i>October 2005</i></p> <p>Researchers have successfully designed entirely new proteins based on biological principles</p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td class="tn"><a href="/motm/287"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/motm/287/6j5t_homepage-tn.png" class="icon"></a></td> <td><a href="/motm/287">ZAR1 Resistosome</a> <p><i>November 2023</i></p> <p>Plants protect themselves from infection with immune system machines such as the resistosome</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-top:20px;" class="row hidden-print"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="panel panel-info"> <div class="panel-heading">About Molecule of the Month</div> <div class="panel-body"><small> The RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month by David S. Goodsell (The Scripps Research Institute and the RCSB PDB) presents short accounts on selected molecules from the Protein Data Bank. Each installment includes an introduction to the structure and function of the molecule, a discussion of the relevance of the molecule to human health and welfare, and suggestions for how visitors might view these structures and access further details.<a href="/motm/motm-about">More</a></small> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_main" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-7"> <p><strong>About PDB-101</strong></p> <p>Researchers around the globe make 3D structures freely available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. PDB-101 training materials help graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and researchers use PDB data and RCSB PDB tools. 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PDB-101: Molecule of the Month By Category