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民等自知 - 維基大典

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</div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">民等自知</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 三七 種語言可用" > <label 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title="Conciencia de clas – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conciencia de clas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Класово съзнание – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класово съзнание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consci%C3%A8ncia_de_classe" title="Consciència de classe – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consciència de classe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADdn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bdom%C3%AD" title="Třídní vědomí – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třídní vědomí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymwybyddiaeth_o_ddosbarth" title="Ymwybyddiaeth o ddosbarth – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymwybyddiaeth o ddosbarth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassenbewusstsein" title="Klassenbewusstsein – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klassenbewusstsein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ταξική συνείδηση – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταξική συνείδηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_consciousness" title="Class consciousness – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Class consciousness" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaskonscio" title="Klaskonscio – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klaskonscio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciencia_de_clase" title="Conciencia de clase – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conciencia de clase" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="آگاهی طبقاتی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آگاهی طبقاتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscience_de_classe" title="Conscience de classe – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conscience de classe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תודעה מעמדית – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תודעה מעמדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesadaran_kelas" title="Kesadaran kelas – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesadaran kelas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9ttarvitund" title="Stéttarvitund – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stéttarvitund" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coscienza_di_classe" title="Coscienza di classe – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coscienza di classe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="階級意識 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="階級意識" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89_%EC%9D%98%EC%8B%9D" title="계급 의식 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계급 의식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Класна свест – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Класна свест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="വർഗ്ഗബോധം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർഗ്ഗബോധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="वर्गजाणीव – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्गजाणीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassenbewustzijn" title="Klassenbewustzijn – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klassenbewustzijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassebevissthet" title="Klassebevissthet – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klassebevissthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consci%C3%A9ncia_de_classa" title="Consciéncia de classa – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Consciéncia de classa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਮਾਤੀ ਚੇਤਨਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਮਾਤੀ ਚੇਤਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiadomo%C5%9B%C4%87_klasowa" title="Świadomość klasowa – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świadomość klasowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consci%C3%AAncia_de_classe" title="Consciência de classe – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consciência de classe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Классовое сознание – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Классовое сознание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasna_svijest" title="Klasna svijest – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klasna svijest" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_consciousness" title="Class consciousness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Class consciousness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Класна свест – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Класна свест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassmedvetande" title="Klassmedvetande – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klassmedvetande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_bilinci" title="Sınıf bilinci – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sınıf bilinci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosiensa_de_clase" title="Cosiensa de clase – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cosiensa de clase" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9D_th%E1%BB%A9c_giai_c%E1%BA%A5p" title="Ý thức giai cấp – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ý thức giai cấp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="階級意識 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="階級意識" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1066261#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="修跨語鏈" class="wbc-editpage">纂鏈</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/30px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/40px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80:%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="門:共產主義">共產主義研論</a></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>民等自知</b><small style="color:#996666"><span class="inline-note-brackets">(</span>通言階級意識<span class="inline-note-brackets">)</span></small>,蓋指民等之自知,若其負能,若其鵠的,若其意識,悉納其中。 </p><p>民羣之精進,<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="無產階級">無產階級</a>終成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E8%B2%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="商貨(查無此頁)">商貨</a>,遂從屬<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">資產階級</a>而得存。然若自知,則一改乎從屬之位也。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="無產階級">無產階級</a>之自知非在心也,以離散之自知必潰亡。夫此情形,初之有限競爭以利權互達為基而演進,後至於民等之公益,終為政黨也。工業資本主義之龐然廠肆、會合之勞動、相與之演進,悉以勸其組織合一。自知成形之理蓋與最大組織之將起並著也。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7" title="列寧">列寧</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="考茨基(查無此頁)">考茨基</a>以政治之自知惟外入內耳,勞動階級自知止於工約為聯<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>一<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。或曰其自知惟與資本相抗、代以工聯者利用之自知也。政治之自知惟識士自外入內可及之。盧森堡以民群歷驗,亦或競爭僨轍故,其自知可自達。夫士人之革命意識有若賞賚,惟闕其能,致勞動階級之順受。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="自由主義(查無此頁)">自由主義</a>以其意出於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B2%E5%B7%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="爲己(查無此頁)">爲己</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A3%E7%B4%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羣約(查無此頁)">羣約</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="馬克思主義">馬克思主義</a>以其意獲於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%AD%89%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD" title="民等競爭">民等競爭</a>。 </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《列寧選集》第一卷 第247頁</span> </li> </ol></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">取自「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=民等自知&amp;oldid=345143">https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=民等自知&amp;oldid=345143</a>」</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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