CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917bad85ea62d083',cH: 'eDM9vUgAwv1ouTbpvFyz.xVwZpmnCCprIbn5kCkiZTY-1740528267-1.2.1.1-Pq47dMhi8iYMgresuHC6Ayrrrfqdz0WaReWd.UwIzlmFz8WXrlhQuvYXFsLxO8Mw',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=A.%20Elmangoush&__cf_chl_tk=GaR90RN6k.0S3f0rSImSwlTEL10NeCpKCnzcCQev7fw-1740528267-1.0.1.1-HkFC9uEv6pILdfLiG5pPcUmXNuXb52lC6v5nv2w6_f0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740528267',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=A.%20Elmangoush&__cf_chl_f_tk=GaR90RN6k.0S3f0rSImSwlTEL10NeCpKCnzcCQev7fw-1740528267-1.0.1.1-HkFC9uEv6pILdfLiG5pPcUmXNuXb52lC6v5nv2w6_f0",md: "7snurjCEMuShkAE3ZDh54wku4B7foIX6GlbBxJbN01k-1740528267-1.2.1.1-rmNG19NwjhU4iJ0IMPp_FXH5LWofFpPMOJ5bL9K.o9xIZK9lC.V7fJgNm3hXRHlud3P.ab7gr2Vbgk12oJonEG7DR1KNhk4kEi0xZ7Z9Pr6QaVBDGHTjz7lCxZ2jkQgaTawP0XABhfWbHoow7SugjyLoCyUccq86B.aL38c0zQO0uPTZd185ApuSvUoxLqNsHtBMFc0nFKzaYt4qcVRblkJdc6QjajH1eZmBEEh8nNVwtnbN1NzysBw1xbSKQgji3gp6eVn_XvMDsomri_sTde.hSdrpsG6hGRE290zWjBbDjAj3g01zBB_WpZfF9qfEft94Kuq0s51LrILr5xxfmvtz8Di..xfe8jARpRJWHGFQkbnLHCp5tEV1TfaAz7x7_kiZWbZ5IfrD2YHKXLidbcDLl7__vrCLG5uWH0mIUv3npSyTMN4lFzVy1ryNLXbDbRR5U0w66gVTBNEbWzRhsGK5WTO_5yC4TDLAtN8wONcmJr26ulOQRayIPUQHDDFAhMo54MvWDyGVZ0W6s4e2j6fbDtXx_7CwcPGNB4TxxNdt0IpKP9LdCCQsJDe5v8409CCTwIOpADM6ns80_.NuljMbTt5vQvAxTngRP11HR_8lg4lJtR5vZzsdfWE41WVEQ2kmSPUW9TTlJCVXkB34bFpDGaaeObgdl2HUFJ7yulDiTng9NGGkGIP7ORXS.kuhxeVcSSExOjDUjINhGXnuob.DDnvCrt5ACbtpVeGdi20yT.425ua.WdrUHHqTBMnc7jStOg99Sqqogc47kaTMOKPwBrGIM1SluQV39XJcTFMncWuJ4hgmvCMGRnlyrgzs1oW3hFxapAQKhPW9P266qLBIHgIRacY8kG9jdVGNH0OaZy_Wp6HFteqXV35FA.L8sIj5q8jAxad.Zwn.2FNKpeDQMtMuQf_EHIT1D0DUzTZcge7eSw4Va61fRAfUJgJNlRoLpYeVdKzJuf1aw13eyL53HjZo8um8eNAxkNImScwBiu3sXNQVBBpAzOl52yrhEQ_0mSIIOIbO3qxLE0Upe2L6MR0.dG3TTog9akCEeeY_92PDPnO9hErwlZHhY3dX.VKQvW1U4i11GT5jfpwbpqJLWJywD8fGvHi9fNgw6S1fbWej1QYrMVAh0XEgJuEII5up1rHHJaAqi5LtPTLe_cGG5D25Dt7ETPj.fqyG0L8p1F7PjfeHKCQSE9WBZ6OzyfqoMwVkP_q2a8Ym1Xw9CizPUvegRuHrUvDpXPmo1sZm7SOd0ozQLk89PILs1G9xVLkPa7f4Oyw2xZGfQpW7tFQmKTOzCyNTW6fm97u_aL073IHRcczXsC3qllEFV5Pybhwnn_c91C.cmiGtHF6tHZ_I_QSydCIgWp9gHIxV3R5KMXt7WafFqPE2MYYIWtsaC_FFDwms.r9sY_2GhFAU8fbTpIXM0oG.kiGzwDw2Vjl5iZCWRR0nFdV_4Jplo6ydQGNaIowVwzTHB.BYYw2.gqKm2gThvBMTRLJFQv05ot6cghOGE12qCmKICpppfSzKyuB_xsfYYlw50m2g.HrSvISMYQcXTTnDtxs4FozZ3NI7cyvQk5h8OltSWCMtF6Jh7niM1T.1i6CvUUJeh0W_l706u2KT.ivxI9hmpFk6zNmPPKAg79bl8ObchY1ypa2sjMSSXrAjcTxZZ4mGUx1FdHB6smLDOIqmiSsXKFaD.FRo24JbUXZvMigPJ1TFttPnBZwe9HU5zg.azUFGOPCqO1hW52O88XfsMQZvkmRLHoaLnvutdkzoWjyDNYH5yFve.OPx_zAUu9s9BDHoMA8aIiHG956DyHoD_vCyl7LC6CFvu26Z8OXtsSvooVcLdjvMgCHmdCckKW6taok2P4LCE.6VYnVFMUBp7DFrk8g39oibVksOpSxiNw3fTbZrAKC0",mdrd: "gSAKn6m64O44q46q050YZxOmu8s_rv1R2mVCZrIx22g-1740528267-1.2.1.1-PJT8fUk7MPuDagINVJlKDjL9kqlNBowwmBRvrG0GdRN7fZ5FATVvkFDwcq8XEAq9r08WLsOjMGGq9Rjru7ZkTilPfr8vlNlHY.FSlsBauaJXNcu04cB38oynopanuiUgrLwbWnbOTRtnEta9_MiDiRCKDKLFsyI4I17RMvbZfXkvPC.oILD9XmXqkEhAt7MxjL5_PKTX3D2jnjoYtqb6otzC.w6lGR2ndEhSvA0ucqY1eLkUS_k2FzxTEhxUq3LofrWs.3wNsfTkKnLCzZsrX6cRrhPTPAIV_qsoiPKRKYixxDwacw9Zjyqglb4TPzXB353ka7GFGBm0VeNAW0RdjJBJo9Sh4.vYysfDq8ELSkudli4iHYpR2lojz5ZD16Y6MpvSXBm0QtPzWx519408Y1aKWszxvCTzAAOWkDkZGDz8.N.FLwq2o.QPrmqJBkLJf20El.P.Kzo2YOYYFOEkWVOzIOhq6aNNeaVlIFRaYBbOCq5MBLHegzqPVlx5._WKr6CY9MqUMoiG13EAt3VKv7NZ4JtQ8tfB3zuyVpIxmW5c7tnpvV4fN07r52Bb4_xV6hR1tYUL6ppmIyH462yNFUK_WMtNjjk7.20hSkbtne5Nek0UNmBoObqCPVsSQpvVHUbP65Ib84hmTAfWlVP2nYYO5pIA5DB8Lc7B77ONlJ9BxSupOksl5E3GRM9bceNXNQRcosMA1g5McbgMPzVTFN04.U76GgyGyOedPivoa9o.b0V_vxGLhFD1eSMMpB1U1cXsbHfBbpG0EGwgbSVMwRSaFsNm7X_KHvJEmMYBolNH3_vapvRN1t7hobWn.Xoqnw6PDR0oDwq3.CgCGCsnxtD7AC95MvkkbUf_7MWhEBYM0YX8.iA45V_AwVqRKpv7kBWvRioDh1KtB7FYzM.bVF4m5xhFrphTxhgyyBTT6WV0iw87jPZccgrpYf8.VNIgdifqTCicND77LgVC2Qm1Lee9Zauj_qKgpKAyqITgb3fDG0NcDK8Jaes1wVwhQv2hs2zC8Ox.kni0hofcEJxPonQ0BsnWsP6GxKxyDOP82JCzwO2IOg.hQA5SJE31EBMMZ8Ja2n3HB5HjYapH8xdMR4BI4j2hCFWrgPD0uxCEolzki018l_5vUjIxZBTMqP4ImLlDkingdt9qU5KyyOYNvaugtEQOP7oir2ifEeZL2VqOQLoH2kBd3kARcZXylLCB3zWi6C2VurKn0fRMt0QTbJ1HKVcBNdPRPqp5JzGrjf25NvV9xWGEOdU.kpnEUIdDIq6YSyOZFbALsI_fM8faJt.PlGiuxRhHKElIRe7zj7SbnHoS064jMfJro8PEf8YUqZUwaucWZI5wo8M0gw7ZipeMpZcn8AHumn0SNERc03h8TiKYOhd7jCUsq5rSAkLEA86EmV80Suj4EjPqCQMwhxXjWcTdQIEZy0CRsf9cvDUZ7.uGS7gCHQ3VBkOuB9Kt8NV0EfVAqCFOnDqzyXAv7hXzENNRpMa1u6ZxzrV_V3p0hKF0xNZ0H8jfsWqzgPybG5FALrPQeA5MkVb63DTxr86DNbGAyxp20Y13ZAyshXp_P9EJjBdUKHKMGbk3TNAeMIRg.h1ZxtOtEaU1Lyv_Cr2oZWQZVD_GYx0dwucJGu1q3iaYS_KNoS79Ypp7CAULswBODjB177dJUpK7AEaJbjetoA2DyqngJbVr9KkLX14JLOmLanTLhNEK.QzAPbjjNKzg64sY22Fu08MApFt1XKCXRWgTslOAstaCkAwCmNL4TFGVghQpx7Pwf2LuR8Xh9_5JTsAb8j577pBFQDbJ_JUujN3LGoIRZqnt9o2syikjzA37nWH2F1yChw2CxMeXWHnao1R2ktsbepiRg_ZoMawj7tv7jfoJ8PzyQBBXCOmw46nzVVBhMylunIxwQUPYjlFXjgQFGkzUyDj_frNMyv23goM4GUdEHO5_be9FV8WnBZfS3fKBCTd_JV4lPw79Cw3LT.YWswyDJ1rEJ8__Rg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917bad85ea62d083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=A.%20Elmangoush&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GaR90RN6k.0S3f0rSImSwlTEL10NeCpKCnzcCQev7fw-1740528267-1.0.1.1-HkFC9uEv6pILdfLiG5pPcUmXNuXb52lC6v5nv2w6_f0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>