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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Cooperation and Empire: Local Realities of Global Processes - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Cooperation_and_Empire.html?id=LJ7vDQAAQBAJ"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Cooperation_and_Empire.html?id=LJ7vDQAAQBAJ"/><meta name="title" content="Cooperation and Empire"/><meta name="description" content=" While the study of “indigenous intermediaries” is today the focus of some of the most interesting research in the historiography of colonialism, its roots extend back to at least the 1970s. 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However, this petition was submitted to Villaret one day after he had is- sued the said decree, which illustrates that the Governor acted in antici- patory\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA122","page_number":"122","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e they were furious. The First Consul immediately ordered the reintroduction of the exclusif mitigé.50 But all orders from Decrès and Bonaparte to close \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e for foreign commerce were ignored by Villaret. By\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA126","page_number":"126","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e in early 1806 to discuss economic reforms, he was surprised to discover that the entire cour d\u0026#39;appel was present. As Laussat started to present his case, Villaret interrupted him and began to yell at him in front of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA127","page_number":"127","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de- France\u003c/b\u003e . Even during an official banquet , members of Villaret\u0026#39;s clique and the cour d\u0026#39;appel dared to sing these songs , whilst simultaneously honouring their patron with another song that celebrated him as the saviour of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA128","page_number":"128","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de - France\u003c/b\u003e Fort - Royal.87 The disloyalty of the planters was also expressed by the fact that many of the newborn boys in the colony were named after the British Admiral Nelson.88 According to British intelligence , even the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA130","page_number":"130","snippet_text":"... before finally surrendering on 24 February 1809. According to ex- changed prisoners of war , who stopped in Martinique on their way back to Guadeloupe, the people of \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e were openly celebrating the 130 Flavio Eichmann."},{"page_id":"PA131","page_number":"131","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e were openly celebrating the end of French rule in Martinique.107 The French Governor of Guadeloupe, Jean-Augustin Ernouf, concluded that the colonists were not to be trusted and complained about Villaret\u0026#39;s naïve policies\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"... ( \u003cb\u003eFort - de - France\u003c/b\u003e : E. Ruelle , 1846 ) , vol . 6 , 89 . 9. On the problems of communication between Europe and the Caribbean , see K.J. Banks , Chasing Empire Across the Sea : Communications and the State in the French Atlantic , 1713\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA136","page_number":"136","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de- France\u003c/b\u003e demandant l\u0026#39;ouverture du port aux bâtiments étrangers , principale- ment américains , 4 October 1802 , in ANOM , C8A 105 F ° 12 . 44. See A.A. Louis , Les libres de couleur en Martinique , 3 vols ( Paris : L\u0026#39;Harmattan\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA137","page_number":"137","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de - France\u003c/b\u003e and Saint Pierre in matters of colonial economy was one of the main causes of the revolutionary turmoil of the 1790s . See Pluchon , \u0026#39; Révolutions \u0026#39; , 296–301 . 54. Decree of Villaret / Bertin , 19 February 1803 , in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA138","page_number":"138","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort-de-France\u003c/b\u003e for foreign commerce, she was not heard. See Tascher de la Pagerie to Bonaparte, 15 May 1803, in ANPS, AF/IV/1214 N°49. 67. Laussat to Decrès, 12 November 1805, in ANOM, C8A 111 F°244. See also Daney, Martinique, vol. 6\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA141","page_number":"141","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de - France\u003c/b\u003e : E. Ruelle , 1846 . Doyle , W. The Oxford History of the French Revolution . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2002 . Dubois , L. A Colony of Citizens : Revolution \u0026amp; Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean 1787\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA379","page_number":"379","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eFort - de - France\u003c/b\u003e ( Martinique ) , 119 , 121 , 127 , 131 France , 101 , 115–132 , 325 , 364. See also French Empire Francis , Philip , 95 , 109n36 François , Curt von , 177 free men of colour , 115 , 118–119 , 125 , 130 , 132 , 135n28\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LJ7vDQAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA379\u0026dq=%22Fort-de-France%22+-inpublisher:icon"}],"search_query_escaped":"\u0026quot;Fort-de-France\u0026quot; -inpublisher:icon"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>