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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Electra</i> (Sophocles play)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sophokles)" title="Elektra (Sophokles) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektra (Sophokles)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95)" title="ইলেক্ট্রা (সফোক্লিসের নাটক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলেক্ট্রা (সফোক্লিসের নাটক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB)" title="Електра (Софокъл) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електра (Софокъл)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(S%C3%B2focles)" title="Electra (Sòfocles) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electra (Sòfocles)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lektra_(Sofokl%C3%A9s)" title="Élektra (Sofoklés) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Élektra (Sofoklés)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(Soffocles)" title="Electra (Soffocles) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Electra (Soffocles)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sophokles)" title="Elektra (Sophokles) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektra (Sophokles)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1_(%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE)" title="Ηλέκτρα (Σοφοκλή) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλέκτρα (Σοφοκλή)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(S%C3%B3focles)" title="Electra (Sófocles) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electra (Sófocles)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sofoklo)" title="Elektra (Sofoklo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra (Sofoklo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84)" title="الکترا (سوفوکل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترا (سوفوکل)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectre_(Sophocle)" title="Électre (Sophocle) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électre (Sophocle)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(toanielstik_fan_Sofokl%C3%AAs)" title="Elektra (toanielstik fan Sofoklês) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elektra (toanielstik fan Sofoklês)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(S%C3%B3focles)" title="Electra (Sófocles) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Electra (Sófocles)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A0%89%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%86%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4)" title="엘렉트라 (소포클레스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘렉트라 (소포클레스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(S%C3%B3f%C3%B3kles)" title="Elektra (Sófókles) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elektra (Sófókles)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettra_(Sofocle)" title="Elettra (Sofocle) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elettra (Sofocle)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A1)" title="אלקטרה (סופוקלס) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרה (סופוקלס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(Sophocles)" title="Electra (Sophocles) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Electra (Sophocles)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sophocles)" title="Elektra (Sophocles) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektra (Sophocles)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9_(%E3%82%BD%E3%83%9D%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9)" title="エレクトラ (ソポクレス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エレクトラ (ソポクレス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sofokles)" title="Elektra (Sofokles) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektra (Sofokles)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਇਲੈਕਟਰਾ (ਸੋਫੋਕਲੀਜ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਲੈਕਟਰਾ (ਸੋਫੋਕਲੀਜ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(S%C3%B3focles)" title="Electra (Sófocles) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Electra (Sófocles)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_(Sofocle)" title="Electra (Sofocle) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electra (Sofocle)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB)" title="Электра (Софокл) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электра (Софокл)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sofoklo)" title="Elektra (Sofoklo) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektra (Sofoklo)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sofokles)" title="Elektra (Sofokles) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektra (Sofokles)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_(Sofokles)" title="Elektra (Sofokles) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektra (Sofokles)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB)" title="Електра (Софокл) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електра (Софокл)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the play by Sophocles. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Electra_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Electra (disambiguation)">Electra (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Electra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png/220px-Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png/330px-Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png/440px-Electra_and_Orestes_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="327" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Electra and Orestes</i> by Alfred Church</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Chorus</th><td class="infobox-data">Women of <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data">Paedagogus<br /><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Mute</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a><br />Handmaid of Clytemnestra<br />The Attendants of Orestes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Place premiered</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dionysia" title="Dionysia">City Dionysia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Setting</th><td class="infobox-data">Mycenae, before the palace of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelopidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelopidae (page does not exist)">Pelopidae</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Electra</b></i>, also <i><b>Elektra</b></i> or <i><b>The Electra</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἠλέκτρα</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ēlektra</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>. Its date is not known, but various stylistic similarities with the <i><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes_(Sophocles_play)" title="Philoctetes (Sophocles play)">Philoctetes</a></i> (409 BC) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i> (406 BC) lead scholars to suppose that it was written towards the end of Sophocles' career. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Jebb</a> dates it between 420 BC and 414 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storyline">Storyline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Storyline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Set in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a> a few years after the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, the play tells of a bitter struggle for justice by <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a> and her brother <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> for the murder of their father <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> and their stepfather <a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a>. </p><p>When King <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> returns from the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, his wife <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> (who has taken Agamemnon's cousin <a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a> as a lover) kills him. Clytemnestra believes the murder was justified since Agamemnon had sacrificed their daughter <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> before the war, as commanded by the gods. <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a>, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, rescued her younger brother <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> from her mother by sending him to Strophius of <a href="/wiki/Phocis" title="Phocis">Phocis</a>. The play begins years later when Orestes has returned as a grown man with a plot for revenge, as well as to claim the throne. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> arrives with his friend <a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a>, son of Strophius, and a pedagogue, i.e. tutor (an old attendant of Orestes, who took him from Electra to Strophius). They plan to have the tutor announce that Orestes has died in a chariot race and that two men (really Orestes and Pylades) are arriving shortly to deliver an urn with his remains. Meanwhile, Electra continues to mourn the death of her father Agamemnon, holding her mother <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> responsible for his murder. When Electra is told of the death of Orestes her grief is doubled, but this grief is to be short-lived. </p><p>After a choral ode, Orestes arrives carrying the urn supposedly containing his ashes. He does not recognize Electra, nor does she recognize him. He gives her the urn and she delivers a moving lament over it, unaware that her brother is, in fact, standing alive next to her. Now realizing the truth, Orestes reveals his identity to his emotional sister. She is overjoyed that he is alive, but in their excitement, they nearly reveal his identity, and the tutor comes out from the palace to urge them on. Orestes and Pylades enter the house and slay Clytemnestra. As Aegisthus returns home, they quickly put her corpse under a sheet and present it to him as the body of Orestes. He lifts the veil to discover who it really is, and Orestes then reveals himself. They escort Aegisthus offset to be killed at the hearth, the same location where Agamemnon was slain. The play ends here before the death of Aegisthus is announced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_works">Similar works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Similar works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of Orestes' revenge was a popular subject in Greek tragedies. </p> <ul><li>There are surviving versions by all three of the great Athenian tragedians: <ul><li><i>The Libation Bearers</i> (458 BC), in the <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Oresteia Trilogy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Euripides_play)" title="Electra (Euripides play)"><i>Electra</i> (Euripides play)</a>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, probably in the mid 410s BC, likely before 413 BC, that tells a very different version of this same basic story from Sophocles.</li> <li><i>Electra</i> (Sophocles play)</li></ul></li> <li>The story was also told at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">lost epic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nostoi" title="Nostoi">Nostoi</a></i> (also known as <i>Returns</i> or <i>Returns of the Greeks</i>)</li> <li>The events are also brought up in Homer's <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roman writer <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> considered <i>Electra</i> to be a masterpiece,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the work is also viewed favorably among modern critics and scholars. In <i>The Reader's Encyclopedia of World Drama</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gassner" title="John Gassner">John Gassner</a> and Edward Quinn argued that its "simple device of delaying the recognition between brother and sister produces a series of brilliant scenes which display Electra's heroic resolution under constant attack."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the titular character, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Hall" title="Edith Hall">Edith Hall</a> also wrote, "Sophocles certainly found an effective dramatic vehicle in this remarkable figure, driven by deprivation and cruelty into near-psychotic extremes of behavior; no other character in his extant dramas dominates the stage to such an extent."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L.A. Post noted that the play was "unique among Greek tragedies for its emphasis on action."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentaries">Commentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Austin_Davies" title="Gilbert Austin Davies">Davies, Gilbert Austin</a>, 1908 (abridged from the larger edition of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Richard Claverhouse Jebb</a>)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFinglass2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Finglass" title="Patrick Finglass">Finglass, P. J.</a>, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2009/2009-08-03.html"><i>Sophocles: Electra. Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 44</i></a>. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86809-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86809-9"><bdi>978-0-521-86809-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles%3A+Electra.+Cambridge+Classical+Texts+and+Commentaries+44&rft.place=Cambridge%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86809-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbmcr.brynmawr.edu%2F2009%2F2009-08-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacs,_David2009" class="citation news cs1">Kovacs, David (August 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2009/2009-08-03.html">"Review of <i>Sophocles: Electra. Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries 44</i> (2007)"</a>. <i>Bryn Mawr Classical Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bryn+Mawr+Classical+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+Sophocles%3A+Electra.+Cambridge+Classical+Texts+and+Commentaries+44+%282007%29&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.au=Kovacs%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbmcr.brynmawr.edu%2F2009%2F2009-08-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations">Translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Plumptre" title="Edward Plumptre">Edward Plumptre</a>, 1878 – verse: (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tragedies_of_Sophocles_(Plumptre_1878)/Electra" class="extiw" title="s:Tragedies of Sophocles (Plumptre 1878)/Electra">full text available at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Campbell_(classicist)" title="Lewis Campbell (classicist)">Lewis Campbell</a>, 1883 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Jebb" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard C. Jebb">Richard C. Jebb</a>, 1894 – prose (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tragedies_of_Sophocles_(Jebb_1917)/Electra" class="extiw" title="s:Tragedies of Sophocles (Jebb 1917)/Electra">full text available at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Storr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Storr (page does not exist)">Francis Storr</a>, 1919 – verse (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sophocles_(Storr_1919)/Electra" class="extiw" title="s:Sophocles (Storr 1919)/Electra">full text, with audio, available at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fergusson" title="Francis Fergusson">Francis Fergusson</a>, 1938 – verse</li> <li>E.F. Watling 1953 – prose</li> <li>David Grene, 1957 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._F._Kitto" title="H. D. F. Kitto">H. D. F. Kitto</a>, 1962 – verse</li> <li>J. H. Kells, 1973 – verse (?)</li> <li>Kenneth McLeish, 1979 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McGuinness" title="Frank McGuinness">Frank McGuinness</a>, 1997 – verse</li> <li>Henry Taylor, 1998 – verse</li> <li>Anne Carson, 2001 – verse</li> <li>Jenny March, 2001 – prose (acting edition)</li> <li>Tom McGrath, 2003 – prose; full text</li> <li>M. MacDonald and J. M. Walton, 2004 – verse</li> <li>G. Theodoridis, 2006 – prose: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bacchicstage.wordpress.com/sophocles/elektra/">full text</a></li> <li>Eric Dugdale, 2008 – verse (acting edition)</li> <li>Timberlake Wertenbaker, 2009</li> <li>Nick Payne, 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lefkowitz" title="Mary Lefkowitz">Mary Lefkowitz</a>, 2016 - verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_C._Johnston" title="Ian C. Johnston">Ian C. Johnston</a>, 2017 – verse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnstoniatexts.x10host.com/sophocles/electrahtml.html">full text</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal#Plays" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal"><i>Elektra</i> (play)</a>, a 1903 adaptation by Hugo von Hofmannsthal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)"><i>Elektra</i>, Op. 58 (opera)</a>, a 1909 one-act opera by Richard Strauss</li> <li><i>Elektra: A Play by <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> and Rudd Fleming</i>, written in 1949, published 1989 by <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a></li> <li>Electra: An opera by <a href="/wiki/Mikis_Theodorakis" title="Mikis Theodorakis">Mikis Theodorakis</a> (1995).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(2010_film)" title="Elektra (2010 film)">Elektra (2010 film)</a></i>, a 2010 Malayalam psychological drama film co-written and directed by Shyamaprasad.</li> <li><i>Elektra</i>, a 2025 adaptation/translation by poet <a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Anne Carson</a>, directed by Daniel Fish and starring <a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a>. To be staged at the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Brighton" title="Theatre Royal, Brighton">Theatre Royal, Brighton</a> (13 to 18 January 2025) and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York%27s_Theatre" title="Duke of York's Theatre">Duke of York’s Theatre</a>, London (24 January to 12 April 2025).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJebb1894" class="citation book cs1">Jebb, R. C. (1894). <i>Sophocles The Plays and Fragments Part VI. The Electra</i>. Vol. 6. Cambridge: London: C. J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge: University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. Glasgow: 363, Argyle Street. Cambridge: Deighton, Bell And Co. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus. New York: Macmillan And Co. pp. Title. ark:/13960/t5v77xt8s.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles+The+Plays+and+Fragments+Part+VI.+The+Electra&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=Title&rft.pub=London%3A+C.+J.+Clay+and+Sons%2C+Cambridge%3A+University+Press+Warehouse%2C+Ave+Maria+Lane.+Glasgow%3A+363%2C+Argyle+Street.+Cambridge%3A+Deighton%2C+Bell+And+Co.+Leipzig%3A+F.+A.+Brockhaus.+New+York%3A+Macmillan+And+Co.&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Jebb&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJebb1894" class="citation book cs1">Jebb (1894). <i>Sophocles The Plays and Fragments Part VI. The Electra</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles+The+Plays+and+Fragments+Part+VI.+The+Electra&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Jebb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJebb1894" class="citation book cs1">Jebb (1894). <i>Sophocles The Plays and Fragments Part VI. The Electra</i>. pp. lviii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles+The+Plays+and+Fragments+Part+VI.+The+Electra&rft.pages=lviii&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Jebb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCsapoGoetteGreenWilson2014" class="citation book cs1">Csapo, Eric; Goette, Hans Rupprecht; Green, J. Richard; Wilson, Peter (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCjoBQAAQBAJ"><i>Greek Theater in the Fourth Century BC</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110337556" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110337556"><bdi>978-3110337556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Theater+in+the+Fourth+Century+BC&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3110337556&rft.aulast=Csapo&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Goette%2C+Hans+Rupprecht&rft.au=Green%2C+J.+Richard&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCjoBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGassnerQuinn2002" class="citation book cs1">Gassner, John; Quinn, Edward (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oPOQf26l-PEC"><i>The Reader's Encyclopedia of World Drama</i></a>. Courier Corporation. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486420647" title="Special:BookSources/0486420647"><bdi>0486420647</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Drama&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0486420647&rft.aulast=Gassner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Quinn%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoPOQf26l-PEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2008" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Edith (2008). Introduction. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199537174"><i>Antigone; Oedipus the King; Electra</i></a></span>. By Sophocles. Translated by Kitto, H. D. F. Oxford University Press. p. xvii–xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191561108" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191561108"><bdi>978-0191561108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Antigone%3B+Oedipus+the+King%3B+Electra&rft.pages=xvii-xviii&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0191561108&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780199537174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPost1953" class="citation journal cs1">Post, L.A. (March 2, 1953). "Sophocles, Strategy, and the Electra". <i>The Classical Weekly</i>. <b>46</b> (10). Johns Hopkins University Press: 150–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4343363">10.2307/4343363</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4343363">4343363</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Weekly&rft.atitle=Sophocles%2C+Strategy%2C+and+the+Electra&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=150-153&rft.date=1953-03-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4343363&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4343363%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=L.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elektraplay.com/about/">"About"</a>. <i>Brie Larson | Elektra</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brie+Larson+%7C+Elektra&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felektraplay.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectra+%28Sophocles+play%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Duncan, A. 2005. "Gendered Interpretations: Two Fourth-Century B.C.E. Performances of Sophocles’ Electra." <i>Helios</i> 32.1: 55–79</li> <li>Dunn, F. M., ed. 1996. <i>Sophocles’ Electra in Performance.</i> Drama: Beiträge zum antiken Drama und seiner Rezeption 4. Stuttgart: M & P Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung.</li> <li>Griffiths, E. M. 2012. "Electra." In <i>Brill’s Companion to Sophocles.</i> Edited by A. Markantonatos, 73–91. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill.</li> <li>Ierulli, M. 1993. "A Community of Women? The Protagonist and the Chorus in Sophocles’ Electra." <i>Métis</i> 8:217–229.</li> <li>Lloyd, M. 2005. <i>Sophocles: Electra.</i> London: Duckworth.</li> <li>MacLeod, L. 2001. <i>Dolos and Dike in Sophokles’ Elektra.</i> Mnemosyne Supplement 219. Leiden, The Netherlands, Boston, and Cologne: Brill.</li> <li>Marshall, C. W. 2006. "How to Write a Messenger Speech (Sophocles, Electra 680–763)." In <i>Greek Drama III: Essays in honour of Kevin Lee.</i> Edited by J. F. Davidson, F. Muecke, and P. Wilson, 203–221. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 87. London: Institute of Classical Studies</li> <li>Nooter, S. 2011. "Language, Lamentation, and Power in Sophocles’ Electra." <i>Classical World</i> 104.4: 399–417.</li> <li>Segal, C. P. 1966. "The Electra of Sophocles." <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association</i> 97:473–545.</li> <li>Sommerstein, A. H. 1997. "Alternative Scenarios in Sophocles’ Electra." <i>Prometheus</i> 23:193–214.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electra_(Sophocles_play)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Colonus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fragmentary plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus_(play)" title="Amphiaraus (play)">Amphiaraus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amycos_Satyrykos" title="Amycos Satyrykos">Amycos Satyrykos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epigoni_(play)" title="Epigoni (play)">Epigoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichneutae" title="Ichneutae">Ichneutae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Acanthoplex" title="Odysseus Acanthoplex">Odysseus Acanthoplex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tereus_(play)" title="Tereus (play)">Tereus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptolemos_(play)" title="Triptolemos (play)">Triptolemos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electra" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electra" title="Template:Electra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electra" title="Template talk:Electra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(1962_film)" title="Electra (1962 film)">Electra</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sandra_(1965_film)" title="Sandra (1965 film)">Sandra</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Pistolero" title="The Forgotten Pistolero">The Forgotten Pistolero</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra,_My_Love" title="Electra, My Love">Electra, My Love </a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Travelling_Players" title="The Travelling Players">The Travelling Players</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ellie_(film)" title="Ellie (film)">Ellie</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(2010_film)" title="Elektra (2010 film)">Electra</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idom%C3%A9n%C3%A9e" title="Idoménée">Idoménée</a></i> (1712, Campra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a></i> (1780, Mozart)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia_(opera)" title="Oresteia (opera)">Oresteia</a></i> (1895, Taneyev)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">Elektra</a></i> (1909, Strauss/von Hofmannsthal) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_discography" title="Elektra discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leben_des_Orest" title="Leben des Orest">Leben des Orest</a></i> (1930, Krenek)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(opera)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (opera)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1967, Levy/Butler)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Oresteia</a></i> (458 BC, Aeschylus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Euripides_play)" title="Electra (Euripides play)">Electra</a></i> (c. 413 BC, Euripides)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i> (c. 408 BC, Euripides)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electra</a></i> (c. 405 BC, Sophocles)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Giraudoux_play)" title="Electra (Giraudoux play)">Electra</a></i> (1937, Giraudoux)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flies" title="The Flies">The Flies</a></i> (1943, Sartre)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Rajiva_Wijesinha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Rajiva Wijesinha)">Elektra</a></i> (1971, Wijesinha)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1931, O'Neill)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektra (comics)">Elektra</a> (1981, Marvel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_and_Electra" title="Orestes and Electra">Orestes and Electra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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