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</ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Life of Jesus</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Life_of_Jesus" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Life of Christ" redirects here. For artistic depictions, see <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Life of Jesus (disambiguation)">Life of Jesus (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Life of Christ (disambiguation)">Life of Christ (disambiguation)</a>.</div> The life of Jesus is primarily outlined in the four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospel">canonical gospels</a>, which includes his genealogy and <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">nativity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">public ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">passion</a>, prophecy, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascension</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blomb442-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-3">[3]</a> Other parts of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> – such as the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a> which were likely written within 20 to 30 years of each other,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and which include references to key episodes in the life of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blomb442-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEvans465-5">[5]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">1:1–11</a>), which includes more references to the <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension episode</a> than the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a><a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a> also expound upon the life of Jesus. In addition to these biblical texts, there are extra-biblical texts that make reference to certain events in the life of Jesus, such as <a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus on Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacitus on Christ">Tacitus on Christ</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg/280px-Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg/420px-Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg/560px-Maest_001_duccio_siena_duomo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1500"></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Duccio)" title="Maestà (Duccio)">Maestà</a> by <a href="/wiki/Duccio" title="Duccio">Duccio</a> (1310), depicting the life of Christ, with 26 central scenes devoted to the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> In the gospels, the ministry of Jesus starts with <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">his Baptism</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>. Jesus came to the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> where he was baptized by John the Baptist, after which he <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">fasted for forty days and nights in the Judaean Desert</a>. This early period also includes the first miracle of Jesus in the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Marriage at Cana</a>. The principal locations for the ministry of Jesus were <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, with some activities also taking place in nearby areas such as <a href="/wiki/Perea" title="Perea">Perea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>. Jesus' activities in Galilee include a number of miracles and teachings. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Genealogy_and_Nativity">1 Genealogy and Nativity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ministry">2 Ministry</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Locations_of_Ministry">2.1 Locations of Ministry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Baptism_and_temptation">2.2 Baptism and temptation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Calling_the_disciples_and_early_Ministry">2.3 Calling the disciples and early Ministry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Ministry_and_miracles_in_Galilee">2.4 Ministry and miracles in Galilee</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Proclamation_as_Christ">2.5 Proclamation as Christ</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Transfiguration">2.6 Transfiguration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Final_journey_to_Jerusalem">2.7 Final journey to Jerusalem</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Final_week_in_Jerusalem">2.8 Final week in Jerusalem</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Passion">3 Passion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Betrayal_and_arrest">3.1 Betrayal and arrest</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Justice">3.2 Justice</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Crucifixion_and_burial">3.3 Crucifixion and burial</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Resurrection_and_Ascension">4 Resurrection and Ascension</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Resurrection_appearances">4.1 Resurrection appearances</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Ascension">4.2 Ascension</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Genealogy_and_Nativity">Genealogy and Nativity</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genealogy and Nativity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg/240px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1614"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg/240px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg/360px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg/480px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Adoration of the Shepherds by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, 1622</figcaption></figure> The genealogy and <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> are described in two of the four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> While Luke traces the genealogy upwards towards Adam and God, Matthew traces it downwards towards Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Both gospels state that Jesus was begotten not by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a>, but conceived miraculously in the womb of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-genpurpose-10">[10]</a> Both accounts trace Joseph back to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">King David</a> and from there to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>. These lists are identical between Abraham and David (except for one), but they differ almost completely between David and Joseph.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Matthew gives Jacob as Joseph's father and Luke says Joseph was the son of Heli. Attempts at explaining the differences between the genealogies have varied in nature.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Much of modern scholarship interprets them as literary inventions.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The Luke and Matthew accounts of the birth of Jesus have a number of points in common; both have Jesus being born in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Luke account Joseph and Mary travel from their home in <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">census</a> to Bethlehem, where Jesus is born and laid in a manger.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Angels proclaim him a savior for all people, and shepherds come to adore him; the family then returns to Nazareth. In Matthew, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">The Magi</a> follow a star to Bethlehem, where the family are living, to bring gifts to Jesus, born the <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">King Herod</a> massacres all males under two years old in Bethlehem in order to kill Jesus, but Jesus's family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. Over the centuries, biblical scholars have attempted to reconcile these contradictions,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated102-18">[18]</a> while modern scholarship mostly views them as legendary.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matthew'_p._47-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vermes_64-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanders_birth-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Corley-23">[23]</a> Generally, they consider the issue of historicity as secondary, given that gospels were primarily written as theological documents rather than chronological timelines.<a href="#cite_note-Wiarda75-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_p._89-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luke'_p._72-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Recovering_Jesus_p._111-27">[27]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Ministry">Ministry</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ministry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghirlandaio,_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/300px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="818"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/300px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/450px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/600px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Calling of the Apostles by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a> (1481) depicts <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_the_twelve_apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioning the twelve apostles">Jesus commissioning the Twelve Apostles</a>.</figcaption></figure> The five major milestones in the New Testament narrative of the life of Jesus are his <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a>.<a href="#cite_note-digby-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faith_page_28-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-JBreck12-30">[30]</a> In the gospels, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> starts with <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">his Baptism</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, when he is about thirty years old. Jesus then begins preaching in Galilee and gathers disciples.<a href="#cite_note-Redford117-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alister16-32">[32]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">proclamation of Jesus as Christ</a>, three of the disciples witness his <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-34">[34]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of John the Baptist">death of John the Baptist</a> and the Transfiguration, Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem, having <a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_death" title="Jesus predicts his death">predicted his own death</a> there.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_pages_24-25-35">[35]</a> Jesus makes a <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>, and there friction with the <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisees</a> increases and one of his disciples <a href="/wiki/Bargain_of_Judas" title="Bargain of Judas">agrees to betray him</a> for <a href="/wiki/Thirty_pieces_of_silver" title="Thirty pieces of silver">thirty pieces of silver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Boring256-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEvans381-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer106-38">[38]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">gospels</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> begins with <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">his baptism</a> in the countryside of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Judea">Roman Judea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transjordan (Bible)">Transjordan</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/River_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="River Jordan">river Jordan</a>, and ends in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alister16-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#3:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">3:23</a>) states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry.<a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger140-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChronosPaul-40">[40]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">chronology of Jesus</a> typically has the date of the start of his ministry estimated at 27–29 and the end in the range 30–36.<a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger140-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChronosPaul-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barnett19-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanders_age-42">[42]</a> Jesus's early Galilean ministry begins when after his Baptism he goes <a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">back to Galilee</a> from his time in the <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">Judean desert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew'_page_71-43">[43]</a> In this early period he preaches around <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and recruits <a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">his first disciples</a> who begin to travel with him and eventually form the core of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Church</a><a href="#cite_note-Redford117-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alister16-32">[32]</a> as it is believed that the <a href="/wiki/Dispersion_of_the_Apostles" title="Dispersion of the Apostles">Apostles dispersed</a> from <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Jerusalem</a> to found the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic See">Apostolic Sees</a>. The Major Galilean ministry which begins in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">Matthew 8</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_the_twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioning the twelve Apostles">commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</a>, and covers most of the ministry of Jesus in Galilee.<a href="#cite_note-New_Testament'_page_324-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Redford143-45">[45]</a> The Final Galilean ministry begins after the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of John the Baptist">death of John the Baptist</a> as Jesus prepares to go to Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_97-110-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Redford165-47">[47]</a> In his later Judean ministry Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem through Judea.<a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_121-135-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_pages_189-207-49">[49]</a> As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the later <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Bible)">Perean</a> ministry, about one third the way down from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> (actually a fresh water lake) along the River Jordan, he returns to the area where he was baptized.<a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_page_137-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_pages_211-229-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_929-52">[52]</a> The final ministry in Jerusalem is sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Passion_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion Week">Passion Week</a> and begins with Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cox155-53">[53]</a> The gospels provide more details about the final ministry than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turner613-54">[54]</a> In the gospel accounts, towards the end of the final week in Jerusalem, Jesus has the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> with his disciples, and the next day is <a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">betrayed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">arrested</a> and tried.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The trial ends in <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">his crucifixion</a> and death. Three days after his burial, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">he is resurrected</a> and appears to his disciples and a multitude of his followers (numbering around 500 in total) over a 40-day period <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/niv/1_corinthians/15.htm">1 Corinthians 15 NIV</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> after which he <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascends to Heaven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locations_of_Ministry">Locations of Ministry</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Locations of Ministry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_century_Iudaea_province.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/250px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="344" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="792"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 344px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/250px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif" data-width="250" data-height="344" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/375px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/First_century_Iudaea_province.gif/500px-First_century_Iudaea_province.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Bible)">Perea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> at the time of Jesus</figcaption></figure> In the New Testament accounts, the principle locations for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> were Galilee and Judea, with activities also taking place in surrounding areas such as Perea and Samaria.<a href="#cite_note-Redford117-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alister16-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospel">gospel</a> narrative of the ministry of Jesus is traditionally separated into sections that have a geographical nature. <dl><dd><ul><li>Galilean ministry: The ministry of Jesus begins when after <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">his baptism</a>, he <a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">returns to Galilee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_synagogue_of_Capernaum" title="Jesus in the synagogue of Capernaum">preaches in the synagogue</a> of Capernaum.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew'_page_71-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Capernaum_page_7-57">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">first disciples of Jesus</a> encounter him near the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> and his later Galilean ministry includes key episodes such as the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a>) which form the core of his moral teachings.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Jesus's ministry in the Galilee area draws to an end with the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of John the Baptist">death of John the Baptist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_97-110-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Redford165-47">[47]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li>Journey to Jerusalem: After the death of the Baptist, about half way through the gospels (approximately <a href="/wiki/Matthew_17" title="Matthew 17">Matthew 17</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_9" title="Mark 9">Mark 9</a>) two key events take place that change the nature of the narrative by beginning the gradual revelation of his identity to his disciples: his <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">proclamation as Christ</a> by Peter and <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">his transfiguration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-34">[34]</a> After these events, a good portion of the gospel narratives deal with Jesus's final journey to Jerusalem through <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Bible)">Perea</a> and Judea.<a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_121-135-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_pages_189-207-49">[49]</a> As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem through Perea he returns to the area where he was baptized.<a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_page_137-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_pages_211-229-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_929-52">[52]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li>Final week in Jerusalem: The final part of Jesus's ministry begins (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_21" title="Matthew 21">Matthew 21</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_11" title="Mark 11">Mark 11</a>) with his <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a> episode which takes place in <a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a>. The gospels provide more details about the final portion than the other periods, devoting about one third of their text to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem</a> which ends in his crucifixion.<a href="#cite_note-Turner613-54">[54]</a> The New Testament accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_appearances_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection appearances of Jesus">resurrection appearances of Jesus</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascension</a> are also in Judea.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baptism_and_temptation">Baptism and temptation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Baptism and temptation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">Temptation of Jesus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg/200px-Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="253" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 253px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg/200px-Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="253" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg/300px-Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg/400px-Francesco_Albani_-_Baptism_of_Christ.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Albani" title="Francesco Albani">Francesco Albani</a>'s 17th-century Baptism of Christ is a typical depiction with the sky opening and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> descending as a dove as Jesus is baptized by John.<a href="#cite_note-Ross30-60">[60]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a> marks the beginning of his <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">public ministry</a>. This event is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospels">Canonical Gospels</a> of Matthew, Mark and Luke. In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:29–33</a>, rather than a direct narrative, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> bears witness to the episode.<a href="#cite_note-Zanzig118-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-JohnEBrown25-62">[62]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, John the Baptist preached a "<a href="/wiki/Baptism_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism in Christianity">baptism with water</a>", not of forgiveness but of penance or repentance for the remission of sins (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#3:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 3:3</a>), and declared himself a forerunner to one who would baptize 'with the Holy Spirit and with fire' (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#3:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 3:16</a>). In so doing he was preparing the way for Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-Harrington-63">[63]</a> Jesus came to the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> where he was baptized by John.<a href="#cite_note-Harrington-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The baptismal scene includes the <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heavens</a> opening, a dove-like descent of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Bath_Kol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bath Kol">voice from Heaven</a> saying, "This is my beloved Son with whom I am well pleased."<a href="#cite_note-Harrington-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Most modern scholars view the fact that Jesus was baptized by John as an historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned.<a href="#cite_note-Harring63-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lopez95-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chilton187-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Powell47-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James Dunn</a> states that the historicity of the Baptism and <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a> "command almost universal assent".<a href="#cite_note-JDunn339-71">[71]</a> Along with the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a> most scholars view it as one of the two historically certain facts about him, and often use it as the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-JDunn339-71">[71]</a> The temptation of Jesus is detailed in the gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In these narratives, after being <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptized</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasted</a> for forty days and nights in the <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Desert" title="Judaean Desert">Judaean Desert</a>. During this time, <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Satan</a> appeared to Jesus and tempted him. Jesus having refused each temptation, Satan departed and <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a> came and brought nourishment to Jesus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calling_the_disciples_and_early_Ministry">Calling the disciples and early Ministry</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Calling the disciples and early Ministry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">First disciples of Jesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6688" data-file-height="5396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Raphael_-_The_Miraculous_Draft_of_Fishes_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Calling of the disciples and the <a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish" title="Miraculous catch of fish">miraculous catch of fish</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, 1515</figcaption></figure> The calling of the <a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">first disciples</a> is a key episode in the gospels which begins the active ministry of Jesus, and builds the foundation for the group of people who follow him, and later form the early Church.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> It takes place in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%204:18%E2%80%9322">Matthew 4:18–22</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Mark%201:16%E2%80%9320">Mark 1:16–20</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%205:1%E2%80%9311">Luke 5:1–11</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%201:35%E2%80%9351">John 1:35–51</a> reports the first encounter with two of the disciples a little earlier in the presence of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>. Particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> the beginning of the ministry of Jesus and the call of the first disciples are inseparable.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%205:1%E2%80%9311">Luke 5:1–11</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Lukepassage-78">[78]</a> the event is part of the first <a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish" title="Miraculous catch of fish">miraculous catch of fish</a> and results in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>, the sons of Zebedee, joining Jesus <a href="/wiki/Vocation" title="Vocation">vocationally</a> as disciples.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The gathering of the disciples in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%201:35%E2%80%9351">John 1:35–51</a> follows the many patterns of discipleship that continue in the New Testament, in that who have received someone else's witness become witnesses to Jesus themselves. Andrew follows Jesus because of the testimony of John the Baptist, <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a> brings Nathanael and the pattern continues in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%204:4%E2%80%9326">John 4:4–26</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Woman_at_the_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Woman at the Well">Samaritan Woman at the Well</a> testifies to the town people about Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> This early period also includes the first <a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle of Jesus">miracle of Jesus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Marriage at Cana</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> where Jesus and his disciples are invited to a wedding and when the wine runs out Jesus turns water into wine by performing a miracle.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministry_and_miracles_in_Galilee">Ministry and miracles in Galilee</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ministry and miracles in Galilee" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Jesus's activities in Galillee include a number of miracles and teachings. The beginnings of this period include <a href="/wiki/The_Centurion%27s_Servant" class="mw-redirect" title="The Centurion's Servant">The Centurion's Servant</a> (8:5–13) and <a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a> (Matthew 8:23–27) both dealing with the theme of faith overcoming fear.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In this period, Jesus also gathers disciples, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">calls Matthew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_the_twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioning the twelve Apostles">Commissioning the twelve Apostles</a> relates the initial selection of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">twelve Apostles</a> among the disciples of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Mission_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Discourse">Mission Discourse</a>, Jesus instructs the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve apostles">twelve apostles</a> who are named in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#10:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 10:2–3</a> to carry no belongings as they travel from city to city and preach.<a href="#cite_note-New_Testament'_page_324-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Redford143-45">[45]</a> Separately in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#10:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 10:1–24</a> relates the <a href="/wiki/Seventy_Disciples" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Disciples">Seventy Disciples</a>, in which Jesus appoints a larger number of disciples and sent them out in pairs with the Missionary's Mandate to go into villages before Jesus arrives there.<a href="#cite_note-Ringe-92">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16_Lorenzo_Veneziano,_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen,_Berlin..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg/300px-16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="586"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg/300px-16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg" data-width="300" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg/450px-16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg/600px-16_Lorenzo_Veneziano%2C_Christ_Rescuing_Peter_from_Drowning._1370_Staatliche_Museen%2C_Berlin..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27_walk_on_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus' walk on water">Walking on water</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Veneziano" title="Lorenzo Veneziano">Veneziano</a>, 1370</figcaption></figure> After hearing of John the Baptist's death, Jesus withdraws by boat privately to a solitary place near <a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a>, where he addresses the crowds who had followed him on foot from the towns, and feeds them all by "<a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">five loaves and two fish</a>" supplied by a boy.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Following this, the gospels present the <a href="/wiki/Jesus%27_walk_on_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus' walk on water">Walking on water</a> episode in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#14:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 14:22–23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#6:45" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 6:45–52</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#6:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 6:16–21</a> as an important step in developing the relationship between Jesus and his disciples, at this stage of his ministry.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The episode emphasizes the importance of faith by stating that when he attempted to walk on water, <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Peter</a> began to sink when he lost faith and became afraid, and at the end of the episode, the disciples increase their faith in Jesus and in Matthew 14:33 they say: "Of a truth thou art the Son of God".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Major teachings in this period include the <a href="/wiki/Discourse_on_Defilement" title="Discourse on Defilement">Discourse on Defilement</a> in Matthew 15:1–20 and Mark 7:1–23 where in response to a complaint from the Pharisees Jesus states: "What goes into a man's mouth does not make him 'unclean,' but what comes out of his mouth, that is what makes him 'unclean.'".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Following this episode Jesus withdraws into the "parts of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>" near the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_woman%27s_daughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanite woman's daughter">Canaanite woman's daughter</a> episode takes place in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#15:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 15:21–28</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#7:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 7:24–30</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Twelftree133-97">[97]</a> This episode is an example of how Jesus emphasizes the value of faith, telling the woman: "Woman, you have great faith! Your request is granted."<a href="#cite_note-Twelftree133-97">[97]</a> The importance of faith is also emphasized in the <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_ten_lepers" title="Cleansing ten lepers">Cleansing ten lepers</a> episode in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#17:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 17:11–19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In the Gospel of Mark, after passing through <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> Jesus enters the region of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a>, a group of ten cities south east of Galilee, where the <a href="/wiki/Healing_the_deaf_mute_of_Decapolis" title="Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis">Healing the deaf mute</a> miracle is reported in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#7:31" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 7:31–37</a>, where after the healing, the disciples say: "He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak." The episode is the last in a series of narrated miracles which builds up to Peter's proclamation of Jesus as Christ in Mark 8:29.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proclamation_as_Christ">Proclamation as Christ</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Proclamation as Christ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">Confession of Peter</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/240px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/240px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/360px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/480px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a>'s depiction of the "Giving of the Keys to Saint Peter" by Jesus, 1481–82</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">Confession of Peter</a> refers to an episode in the New Testament in which in Jesus asks a question to his disciples: "Who do you say that I am?" <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Apostle Peter</a> proclaims <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> – the expected <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>. The proclamation is described in the three <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a>: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 16:13–20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#8:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 8:27–30</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#9:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 9:18–20</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Karris-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury-102">[102]</a> Peter's Confession begins as a dialogue between Jesus and his disciples in which Jesus begins to ask about the current opinions about himself among "the multitudes", asking: "Who do the multitudes say that I am?"<a href="#cite_note-Karris-101">[101]</a> The disciples provide a variety of the common hypotheses at the time. Jesus then asks his disciples about their own opinion: But who do you say that I am? Only Simon Peter answers him: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.<a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 16:17</a> Jesus blesses Peter for his answer, and later indicates him as the rock of the Church, and states that he will give Peter "the keys of the kingdom of heaven".<a href="#cite_note-Boring69-104">[104]</a> In blessing Peter, Jesus not only accepts the titles <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> which Peter attributes to him, but declares the proclamation a divine revelation by stating that his <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father in Heaven</a> had revealed it to Peter.<a href="#cite_note-Yueh-105">[105]</a> In this assertion, by endorsing both titles as divine revelation, Jesus unequivocally declares himself to be both Christ and the Son of God.<a href="#cite_note-Yueh-105">[105]</a> The proclamation of Jesus as Christ is fundamental to <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> and the Confession of Peter, and Jesus's acceptance of the title is a definitive statement for it in the New Testament narrative.<a href="#cite_note-Rudolf7-106">[106]</a> While some of this passage may well be authentic, the reference to Jesus as Christ and Son of God is likely to be an addition by Matthew.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transfiguration">Transfiguration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transfiguration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration of Jesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transfigurationbloch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/220px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 273px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/220px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/330px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/440px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration of Jesus</a>, depicted by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bloch" title="Carl Bloch">Carl Bloch</a>, 19th century</figcaption></figure> The Transfiguration of Jesus is an episode in the New Testament narrative in which <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_(religion)" title="Transfiguration (religion)">transfigured</a> and becomes radiant upon a mountain.<a href="#cite_note-Lee21-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-lockyer213-109">[109]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#17:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 17:1–9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#9:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 9:2–8</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#9:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 9:28–36</a>) describe it, and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/2_Peter#1:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/2 Peter">2 Peter 1:16–18</a> refers to it.<a href="#cite_note-Lee21-108">[108]</a> In these accounts, Jesus and three of his apostles go to a mountain (the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Transfiguration" title="Mount of Transfiguration">Mount of Transfiguration</a>). On the mountain, Jesus begins to shine with bright rays of light. Then the prophets <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> appear next to him and he speaks with them. Jesus is then called "<a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son</a>" by a voice in the sky, assumed to be <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>, as in the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lee21-108">[108]</a> The Transfiguration is one of the <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracles of Jesus</a> in the Gospels.<a href="#cite_note-lockyer213-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> This miracle is unique among others that appear in the <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">Canonical gospels</a>, in that the miracle happens to Jesus himself.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> considered the Transfiguration "the greatest miracle" in that it complemented baptism and showed the <a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Christ" title="Perfection of Christ">perfection</a> of life in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The Transfiguration is one of the five major milestones in the gospel narrative of the life of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, the others being <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a>.<a href="#cite_note-digby-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faith_page_28-29">[29]</a> In the New Testament, Transfiguration is a pivotal moment, and the setting on the mountain is presented as the point where human nature meets God: the meeting place for the temporal and the eternal, with Jesus himself as the connecting point, acting as the bridge between heaven and earth.<a href="#cite_note-DorothyLee2-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_journey_to_Jerusalem">Final journey to Jerusalem</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Final journey to Jerusalem" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg/150px-S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="673"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg/150px-S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg/225px-S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg/300px-S._Apollinare_Nuovo_Resurr_Lazzaro.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sixth-century mosaic of the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a>, church of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare Nuovo">Sant'Apollinare Nuovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> After the death of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> and the Transfiguration, Jesus starts his final journey to Jerusalem, having <a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_death" title="Jesus predicts his death">predicted his own death there</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_pages_24-25-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The Gospel of John states that during the final journey Jesus returned to the area where he was baptized, and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#10:40" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 10:40–42</a> states that "many people believed in him beyond the Jordan", saying "all things whatsoever John spake of this man were true".<a href="#cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_page_137-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jesus_pages_211-229-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_929-52">[52]</a> The area where Jesus was baptised is inferred as the vicinity of the Perea area, given the activities of the Baptist in <a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a> in John <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">1:28</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#3:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">3:23</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BigPic-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sloyan11-118">[118]</a> Scholars generally assume that the route Jesus followed from Galilee to Jerusalem passed through Perea.<a href="#cite_note-Bible'_page_929-52">[52]</a> This period of ministry includes the <a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Discourse on the Church</a> in which Jesus anticipates a future community of followers, and explains the role of his apostles in leading it.<a href="#cite_note-Jensen-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-King_pages_215-216-120">[120]</a> It includes the parables of <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Sheep">The Lost Sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Unforgiving_Servant" class="mw-redirect" title="The Unforgiving Servant">The Unforgiving Servant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_18" title="Matthew 18">Matthew 18</a> which also refer to the Kingdom of Heaven. The general theme of the discourse is the anticipation of a future community of followers, and the role of his apostles in leading it.<a href="#cite_note-King_pages_215-216-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chouinard-121">[121]</a> Addressing his apostles in 18:18, Jesus states: "what things soever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and what things soever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven". The discourse emphasizes the importance of humility and self-sacrifice as the high virtues within the anticipated community. It teaches that in the Kingdom of God, it is childlike humility that matters, not social prominence and prestige.<a href="#cite_note-King_pages_215-216-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chouinard-121">[121]</a> At the end of this period, the Gospel of John includes the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a> episode in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#11:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 11:1–46</a> in which Jesus brings <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus of Bethany</a> back to life four days after his burial.<a href="#cite_note-Cox155-53">[53]</a> In the Gospel of John, the raising of Lazarus is the climax of the "seven signs" which gradually confirm the identity of Jesus as the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> and the expected Messiah.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> It is also a pivotal episode which starts the chain of events that leads to the crowds seeking Jesus on his <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a> – leading to the decision of <a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> to plan to kill Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_week_in_Jerusalem">Final week in Jerusalem</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Final week in Jerusalem" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BouveretLastSupper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg/240px-BouveretLastSupper.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="482"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg/240px-BouveretLastSupper.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg/360px-BouveretLastSupper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BouveretLastSupper.jpg/480px-BouveretLastSupper.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> has been depicted by many artistic masters.<a href="#cite_note-Zuffi-124">[124]</a> This Last Supper is by <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Dagnan-Bouveret" title="Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret">Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret</a> (1896).</figcaption></figure>The description of the last week of the life of Jesus (often called the <a href="/wiki/Passion_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion week">Passion week</a>) occupies about one third of the narrative in the canonical gospels.<a href="#cite_note-Turner613-54">[54]</a> The narrative for that week starts by a description of the <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">final entry</a> into Jerusalem, and ends with his crucifixion.<a href="#cite_note-Cox155-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blomberg224-125">[125]</a> The last week in Jerusalem is the conclusion of the journey which Jesus had started in Galilee through <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Bible)">Perea</a> and Judea.<a href="#cite_note-Cox155-53">[53]</a> Just before the account of the final entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, the Gospel of John includes the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">Raising of Lazarus</a> episode, which builds the tension between Jesus and the authorities. At the beginning of the week as Jesus enters Jerusalem, he is greeted by the cheering crowds, adding to that tension.<a href="#cite_note-Cox155-53">[53]</a> The week begins with the <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">triumphal entry into Jerusalem</a>. During the week of his "final ministry in Jerusalem", Jesus visits the Temple, and has a <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">conflict with the money changers</a> about their use of the Temple for commercial purposes. This is followed by a debate with the priests and the elder in which <a href="/wiki/Authority_of_Jesus_Questioned" class="mw-redirect" title="Authority of Jesus Questioned">his authority is questioned</a>. One of his disciples, <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>, decides to <a href="/wiki/Bargain_of_Judas" title="Bargain of Judas">betray Jesus</a> for <a href="/wiki/Thirty_pieces_of_silver" title="Thirty pieces of silver">thirty pieces of silver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lockyer106-38">[38]</a> Towards the end of the week, Jesus has the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> with his disciples, during which he institutes the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, and prepares them for his departure in the <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a>. After the supper, Jesus is <a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">betrayed with a kiss</a> while he is in <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">arrested</a>. After his arrest, Jesus is abandoned by most of his disciples, and <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" title="Denial of Peter">Peter denies him</a> three times, as <a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_betrayal" title="Jesus predicts his betrayal">Jesus had predicted</a> during the Last Supper.<a href="#cite_note-Cox182-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The final week that begins with his <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">entry into Jerusalem</a>, concludes with his crucifixion and burial on that Friday. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Passion">Passion</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Passion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Betrayal_and_arrest">Betrayal and arrest</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Betrayal and arrest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Kiss of Judas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/200px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3371" data-file-height="3287"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 195px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/200px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="195" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/300px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/400px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiss_of_Judas_(Giotto)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiss of Judas (Giotto) (page does not exist)">Kiss of Judas</a> (1304–1306), fresco by <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scrovegni_Chapel" title="Scrovegni Chapel">Scrovegni Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#26:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 26:36–46</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#14:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 14:32–42</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#22:39" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 22:39–46</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#18:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 18:1</a>, immediately after the Last Supper, Jesus takes a walk to pray, Matthew and Mark identifying this place of prayer as <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Gethsemane" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden of Gethsemane">Garden of Gethsemane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maj169-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a> Jesus is accompanied by Peter, <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Apostle" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John the Apostle">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._James_the_Greater" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James the Greater">James the Greater</a>, whom he asks to "remain here and keep watch with me." He moves "a stone's throw away" from them, where he feels overwhelming sadness and says "My <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a>, if it is possible, let this cup pass me by. Nevertheless, let it be as you, not I, would have it."<a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a> Only the Gospel of Luke mentions the details of the sweat of blood of Jesus and the visitation of the angel who comforts Jesus as he accepts the will of the Father. Returning to the disciples after prayer, he finds them asleep and in Matthew 26:40 he asks Peter: "So, could you men not keep watch with me for an hour?"<a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a> While in the Garden, <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas</a> appears, accompanied by a crowd that includes the Jewish priests and elders and people with weapons. Judas <a href="/wiki/The_kiss_of_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="The kiss of Judas">gives Jesus a kiss</a> to identify him to the crowd who then arrests Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEvans487-130">[130]</a> One of Jesus' disciples tries to stop them and uses a sword to cut off the ear of one of the men in the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEvans487-130">[130]</a> Luke states that Jesus <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miraculously healed</a> the wound and John and Matthew state that Jesus criticized the violent act, insisting that his disciples should not resist his arrest. In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#26:52" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 26:52</a> Jesus makes the well known statement: <a href="/wiki/Live_by_the_sword,_die_by_the_sword" title="Live by the sword, die by the sword">all who live by the sword, shall die by the sword</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zuck83-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEvans487-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justice">Justice</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Justice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Jesus at Herod's court</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg/200px-Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1463"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg/200px-Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg/300px-Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg/400px-Jes%C3%BAs_en_casa_de_An%C3%A1s_Museo_del_Prado_Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Jesus about to be struck in front of the High Priest <a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a>, as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#18:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 18:22</a>, depicted by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Madrazo" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Madrazo">Madrazo</a>, 1803</figcaption></figure> In the narrative of the four canonical gospels after the <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">betrayal and arrest</a> of Jesus, he is taken to the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>, a Jewish judicial body.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Jesus is <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">tried</a> by the Sanhedrin, <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">mocked</a> and beaten and is condemned for making claims of being the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CEvans487-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Craig396-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-133">[133]</a> He is then taken to <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> and the Jewish elders ask Pilate to judge and condemn Jesus—accusing him of claiming to be the <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holman608-133">[133]</a> After questioning, with few replies provided by Jesus, Pilate publicly declares that he finds Jesus innocent, but the crowd insists on punishment. Pilate then orders Jesus' crucifixion.<a href="#cite_note-CEvans487-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Craig396-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-GBromiley1050-134">[134]</a> Although the Gospel accounts vary with respect to various details, they agree on the general character and overall structure of the trials of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-GBromiley1050-134">[134]</a> After the Sanhedrin trial Jesus is taken to <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Praetorium" title="Praetorium">praetorium</a>. Only in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, finding that Jesus, being from <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, belonged to <a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a>' jurisdiction, Pilate decides to send <a href="/wiki/Jesus_at_Herod%27s_court" title="Jesus at Herod's court">Jesus to Herod</a>. Herod Antipas (the same man who had previously ordered the death of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>) had wanted to see Jesus for a long time, because he had been hoping to observe one of the <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracles of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carter-135">[135]</a> However, Jesus says nothing in response to Herod's questions, or the vehement accusations of the chief priests and the scribes. Herod and his soldiers mock Jesus, put a gorgeous robe on him, as the King of the Jews, and sent him back to Pilate. And Herod and Pilate become friends with each other that day: for before they were at enmity.<a href="#cite_note-Niswonger172-136">[136]</a> After questioning Jesus and receiving no replies, Herod sees Jesus as no threat and returns him to Pilate.<a href="#cite_note-PC-137">[137]</a> After Jesus' return from Herod's court, Pilate publicly declares that he finds Jesus to be innocent of the charges, but the crowd insists on capital punishment. The universal rule of the Roman Empire limited capital punishment strictly to the tribunal of the Roman governor<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> and Pilate decided to publicly <a href="/wiki/Blood_curse" title="Blood curse">wash his hands</a> as not being privy to Jesus' death. Pilate thus presents himself as an advocate pleading Jesus' case rather than as a judge in an official hearing, yet he orders the crucifixion of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-PP-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beau-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crucifixion_and_burial">Crucifixion and burial</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Crucifixion and burial" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entombment_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Entombment of Christ">Entombment of Christ</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings of Jesus on the cross</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SVouet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SVouet.jpg/180px-SVouet.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="1030"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 284px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SVouet.jpg/180px-SVouet.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SVouet.jpg/270px-SVouet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/SVouet.jpg/360px-SVouet.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Crucifixion (1622) by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Vouet" title="Simon Vouet">Simon Vouet</a>; Church of Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></figcaption></figure> Jesus' crucifixion is described in all four canonical gospels, and is attested to by other sources of that age (e.g. Josephus and Tacitus), and is regarded as a historical event.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> After the trials, Jesus made his way to <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a> (the path is traditionally called <a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a>) and the three synoptic gospels indicate that he was assisted by <a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a>, the Romans compelling him to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">[146]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#23:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 23:27–28</a> Jesus tells the women in multitude of people following him not to cry for him but for themselves and their children.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a> Once at Calvary (Golgotha), Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink — usually offered as a form of painkiller. Matthew's and Mark's gospels state that he refused this.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">[146]</a> The soldiers then crucified Jesus and cast lots for his clothes. Above Jesus' head on the cross was the inscription <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a>, and the soldiers and those passing by mocked him about the title. Jesus was crucified between two convicted thieves, one of whom rebuked Jesus, while the other defended him.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miriam271-147">[147]</a> Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">seven last sayings</a> on the cross.<a href="#cite_note-Bromiley426-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Houlden627-150">[150]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#19:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 19:26–27</a> Jesus entrusts his mother to the disciple he loved and in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#23:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 23:34</a> he states: "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do", usually interpreted as his forgiveness of the Roman soldiers and the others involved.<a href="#cite_note-Bromiley426-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In the three synoptic gospels, various <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus#Phenomena_during_the_crucifixion" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">supernatural events</a> accompany the crucifixion, including <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness_and_eclipse" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifixion darkness and eclipse">darkness of the sky</a>, an earthquake, and (in Matthew) the resurrection of saints.<a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">[146]</a> The tearing of the <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Herod's Temple">temple</a> <a href="/wiki/Parochet" title="Parochet">veil</a>, upon the death of Jesus, is referenced in the synoptic.<a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">[146]</a> The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already; this further fulfilled prophecy, as noted in John 19:36, "For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken." One of the soldiers pierced the side of Jesus with a lance and blood and water flowed out.<a href="#cite_note-Miriam271-147">[147]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#15:39" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 15:39</a>, impressed by the events, the Roman <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">centurion</a> calls Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Following Jesus' death on Friday, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> asked the permission of Pilate to remove the body. The body was <a href="/wiki/Descent_from_the_Cross" title="Descent from the Cross">removed from the cross</a>, was wrapped in a clean cloth and buried in a new <a href="/wiki/Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepulchre">rock-hewn tomb</a>, with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#27:62" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 27:62–66</a> the Jews go to Pilate the day after the crucifixion and ask for guards for the tomb and also seal the tomb with a stone as well as the guard, to be sure the body remains there.<a href="#cite_note-Evans2003-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Approximate chronological comparison between the Jesus Passion narratives according to the Gospels of Mark and John. Each section ('1' to '28') represents 3 hours of time.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_onaubfxxj4uo25ipzwaqeym1c7dg1bw"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" coords="1244,237,1336,258" title="Empty tomb" alt="Empty tomb"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" coords="677,237,747,258" title="Burial of Jesus" alt="Burial of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Quod_scripsi%2C_scripsi" coords="626,237,701,258" title="Quod scripsi, scripsi" alt="Quod scripsi, scripsi"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" coords="591,247,688,268" title="Crucifixion of Jesus" alt="Crucifixion of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" coords="535,237,649,258" title="Pilate's court" alt="Pilate's court"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" coords="460,247,579,268" title="Denial of Peter" alt="Denial of Peter"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" coords="487,237,551,258" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus" alt="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" coords="437,237,506,258" title="Arrest of Jesus" alt="Arrest of Jesus">  <area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Last_Supper" coords="326,237,424,258" title="Last Supper" alt="Last Supper"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" coords="1292,97,1384,118" title="Empty tomb" alt="Empty tomb"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" coords="677,97,747,118" title="Burial of Jesus" alt="Burial of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Crucifixion_darkness" coords="624,97,704,118" title="Crucifixion darkness" alt="Crucifixion darkness"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" coords="578,97,653,118" title="Mocking of Jesus" alt="Mocking of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" coords="543,107,640,128" title="Crucifixion of Jesus" alt="Crucifixion of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" coords="533,97,602,118" title="Pilate's court" alt="Pilate's court"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Denial_of_Peter" coords="460,107,579,128" title="Denial of Peter" alt="Denial of Peter"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" coords="479,97,560,118" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus" alt="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" coords="437,97,506,118" title="Arrest of Jesus" alt="Arrest of Jesus"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gethsemane" coords="377,107,469,128" title="Gethsemane" alt="Gethsemane"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" coords="337,107,412,128" title="Passover Seder" alt="Passover Seder"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Last_Supper" coords="326,97,424,118" title="Last Supper" alt="Last Supper"></map><img usemap="#timeline_onaubfxxj4uo25ipzwaqeym1c7dg1bw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/onaubfxxj4uo25ipzwaqeym1c7dg1bw.png"></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Resurrection_and_Ascension">Resurrection and Ascension</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Resurrection and Ascension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art">Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/170px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="999"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/170px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/255px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg/340px-Der-Auferstandene_1558.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Resurrection of Jesus by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Younger" title="Lucas Cranach the Younger">Lucas Cranach</a>, 1558</figcaption></figure> The gospels state that the first day of the week after the crucifixion (typically interpreted as a Sunday), the followers of Jesus encounter him risen from the dead, after his tomb was <a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">discovered to be empty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Easley216-160">[160]</a> The New Testament does not include an account of the "moment of resurrection" and in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Church">Eastern Church</a> icons do not depict that moment, but show the <a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a>, and depict scenes of salvation.<a href="#cite_note-Stagg2-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The resurrected Jesus then appears to his followers that day and a number of times thereafter, delivers sermons and has supper with some of them, before ascending to Heaven. The gospels of Luke and Mark include brief mentions of the Ascension, but the main references to it are elsewhere in the New Testament.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Easley216-160">[160]</a> The four gospels have variations in their account of the resurrection of Jesus and his appearances, but there are four points at which all gospels converge:<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> the turning of the stone that had closed the tomb, the visit of the women on "the first day of the week;" that the risen Jesus chose first to appear to women (or a woman) and told them (her) to inform the other disciples; the prominence of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> in the accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Stagg2-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Variants have to do with the precise time the women visited the tomb, the number and identity of the women; the purpose of their visit; the appearance of the messenger(s)—angelic or human; their message to the women; and the response of the women.<a href="#cite_note-Stagg2-161">[161]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#28:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 28:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#16:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 16:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#24:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 24:4</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#20:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 20:12</a> his resurrection is announced and explained to the followers who arrive there early in the morning by either one or two beings (either men or angels) dressed in bright robes who appear in or near the tomb.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Easley216-160">[160]</a> The gospel accounts vary as to who arrived at the tomb first, but they are women and are instructed by the risen Jesus to inform the other disciples. All four accounts include <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> and three include <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a>. The accounts of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#16:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 16:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#20:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 20:15</a> indicate that Jesus appeared to the Magdalene first, and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#16:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 16:9</a> states that she was among the <a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a> who informed the disciples about the resurrection.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Easley216-160">[160]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#28:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 28:11–15</a>, to explain the empty tomb, the Jewish elders bribe the soldiers who had guarded the tomb to spread the rumor that Jesus' disciples took his body.<a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurrection_appearances">Resurrection appearances</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Resurrection appearances" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_appearances_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection appearances of Jesus">Resurrection appearances of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere" title="Noli me tangere">Noli me tangere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus appearance</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Overview_of_resurrection_appearances_in_the_Gospels_and_Paul" title="Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul">Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg/180px-Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2306" data-file-height="2952"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg/180px-Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg/270px-Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg/360px-Correggio_Noli_Me_Tangere.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noli_me_tangere_(Correggio)" title="Noli me tangere (Correggio)">Noli me Tangere</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Antonio da Correggio</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1534</figcaption></figure> In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%2020:15%E2%80%9317">John 20:15–17</a> Jesus appears to <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> soon after his resurrection. At first she does not recognize him and thinks that he is the gardener. When he says her name, she recognizes him yet he tells her <a href="/wiki/Noli_me_Tangere" class="mw-redirect" title="Noli me Tangere">Noli me Tangere</a>, do not touch me, "for I am not yet ascended to my Father." Later that day, at evening, Jesus appears to the disciples and shows them the wounds in his hands and his side in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:19%E2%80%9321&version=nrsv">John 20:19–21</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> is not present at that meeting and later expresses doubt about the resurrection of Jesus. As Thomas is expressing his doubts, in the well known <a href="/wiki/Doubting_Thomas" title="Doubting Thomas">Doubting Thomas</a> episode in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#20:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 20:24–29</a> Jesus appears to him and invites him to put his finger into the holes made by the wounds in Jesus' hands and side. Thomas then professes his faith in Jesus. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Matthew+28:16">Matthew 28:16–20</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a> Jesus appears to his followers on a mountain in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and calls on them to baptize all nations in the name of the "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%2024:13%E2%80%9332">Luke 24:13–32</a> describes the <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Emmaus_appearance" title="Road to Emmaus appearance">Road to Emmaus appearance</a> in which while a disciple named <a href="/wiki/Cleopas" title="Cleopas">Cleopas</a> was walking towards <a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a> with another disciple, they met Jesus, who later has supper with them. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Mark%2016:12%E2%80%9313">Mark 16:12–13</a> has a similar account that describes the appearance of Jesus to two disciples while they were walking in the country, at about the same time in the Gospel narrative.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_153_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Miraculous catch of 153 fish">Miraculous catch of 153 fish</a> Jesus appears to his disciples on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>, and thereafter Jesus encourages the <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Apostle Peter</a> to serve his followers.<a href="#cite_note-Evans521-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuck91-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Easley216-160">[160]</a> In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:6%E2%80%937&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 15:6–7</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Apostle Paul</a> references an appearance of Jesus to "more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time," along with an appearance to "James" separate from those to the other apostles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ascension">Ascension</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ascension" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Ascension of Jesus in Christian art">Ascension of Jesus in Christian art</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg/180px-Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1098"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 270px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg/180px-Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="270" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg/270px-Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg/360px-Benvenuto_Tisi_da_Garofalo_-_Ascension_of_Christ_-_WGA08474.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ascension of Christ by <a href="/wiki/Il_Garofalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Garofalo">Garofalo</a> (1520)</figcaption></figure> The Ascension of Jesus (<a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> Latin <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 1:9-11</a> section title: Ascensio Iesu) is the Christian teaching found in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrected Jesus</a> was <a href="/wiki/Entering_heaven_alive" title="Entering heaven alive">taken up to heaven</a> in his resurrected body, in the presence of eleven of his <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a>, occurring 40 days after the resurrection. In the biblical narrative, an <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> tells the watching <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> that <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Jesus">Jesus' second coming</a> will take place in the same manner as his ascension.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospel">canonical gospels</a> include two brief descriptions of the Ascension of Jesus in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#24:50" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 24:50–53</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#16:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 16:19</a>, in which it takes place on Easter Sunday.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> A more detailed account of Jesus' bodily Ascension into the clouds is given in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">1:9–11</a>) where the narrative starts with the account of Jesus' appearances after his resurrection and describes the event as taking place forty days later.<a href="#cite_note-Fred293-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matera53-169">[169]</a> Acts 1:9–12 specifies the location of the Ascension as the "<a href="/wiki/Mount_of_olives" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount of olives">mount called Olivet</a>" near Jerusalem. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 1:3</a> states that Jesus: "showed himself alive after his passion by many proofs, appearing unto them by the space of forty days, and speaking the things concerning the kingdom of God". After giving a number of instructions to the apostles <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 1:9</a> describes the Ascension as follows: "And when he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight." Following this two men clothed in white appear and tell the apostles that <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Jesus will return</a> in the same manner as he was taken, and the apostles return to Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Matera53-169">[169]</a> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#2:30" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 2:30–33</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Ephesians#4:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Ephesians">Ephesians 4:8–10</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Timothy#3:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/1 Timothy">1 Timothy 3:16</a> (where Jesus as taken up in glory) the Ascension is spoken of as an accepted fact, while Hebrews 10:12 describes Jesus as <a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">seated in heaven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Freedman110-170">[170]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Gospels, chronology and historicity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">Timeline of Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bible">Timeline of the Bible</a></li></ul> Associated sites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Maghtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Maghtas">Al Maghtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethabara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethabara">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_el_Yahud" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasr el Yahud">Qasr el Yahud</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia by Christopher Kleinhenz (Nov 2003) <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415939305" title="Special:BookSources/0415939305">0415939305</a> p. 310 </li> <li id="cite_note-Blomb442-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blomb442_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blomb442_2-1">b</a> Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3">0-8054-4482-3</a> pp. 441–442 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahlbusch52-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_3-1">b</a> The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4 by Erwin Fahlbusch, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2416-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2416-5">978-0-8028-2416-5</a> pp. 52–56 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gty.org/resources/questions/QA176/when-were-the-bible-books-written">"When were the Bible books written?"</a>. www.gty.org. Retrieved 2015-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gty.org&rft.atitle=When+were+the+Bible+books+written%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gty.org%2Fresources%2Fquestions%2FQA176%2Fwhen-were-the-bible-books-written&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEvans465-5"><a href="#cite_ref-CEvans465_5-0">^</a> The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary by Craig A. Evans 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3">0-7814-3868-3</a> pp. 465–477 </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans521-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans521_6-6">g</a> The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3">0-7814-3868-3</a> pages 521–530 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuck91-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck91_7-7">h</a> The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament edited by John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88207-812-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88207-812-0">978-0-88207-812-0</a> page 91 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%203:23%E2%80%9338">Luke 3:23–38</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%201:1%E2%80%9317">Matthew 1:1–17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Where Christology began: essays on Philippians 2 by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_P._Martin" title="Ralph P. Martin">Ralph P. Martin</a>, Brian J. Dodd 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25619-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25619-8">0-664-25619-8</a> p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-genpurpose-10"><a href="#cite_ref-genpurpose_10-0">^</a> The purpose of the Biblical genealogies by Marshall D. Johnson 1989 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35644-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35644-X">0-521-35644-X</a> pp. 229–233 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke I–IX. Anchor Bible. Garden City: Doubleday, 1981, pp. 499–500. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> I. Howard Marshall, "The Gospel of Luke" (The New International Greek Testament Commentary). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978, p. 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The Gospel of Luke by William Barclay 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22487-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22487-3">0-664-22487-3</a> pp. 49–50 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Luke: an introduction and commentary by Leon Morris 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0419-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0419-5">0-8028-0419-5</a> p. 110 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#refCox2007">Cox (2007)</a> pp. 285–286 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> "biblical literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64496/biblical-literature">[1]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated102-18"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated102_18-0">^</a> Mark D. Roberts Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John Good News Publishers, 2007 p. 102 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey,_Maurice2010" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Maurice (2010). Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching. Bloomsbury. pp. 145–146.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth%3A+An+Independent+Historian%27s+Account+of+His+Life+and+Teaching&rft.pages=145-146&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Casey%2C+Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew'_p._47-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Matthew'_p._47_20-0">^</a> The Gospel of Matthew by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Harrington" title="Daniel J. Harrington">Daniel J. Harrington</a> 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2">0-8146-5803-2</a> p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermes_64-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Vermes_64_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermes2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Vermes, Géza</a> (2006-11-02). The Nativity: History and Legend. 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The historical figure of Jesus. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 85–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780713990591" title="Special:BookSources/9780713990591"><bdi>9780713990591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+figure+of+Jesus&rft.pages=85-88&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780713990591&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corley-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Corley_23-0">^</a> Jeremy Corley New Perspectives on the Nativity Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009 p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiarda75-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Wiarda75_24-0">^</a> Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology by Timothy Wiarda 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4843-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4843-8">0-8054-4843-8</a> pp. 75–78 </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus_p._89-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_p._89_25-0">^</a> Jesus, the Christ: Contemporary Perspectives by Brennan R. Hill 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58595-303-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58595-303-2">1-58595-303-2</a> p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-Luke'_p._72-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Luke'_p._72_26-0">^</a> The Gospel of Luke by Timothy Johnson 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5805-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5805-9">0-8146-5805-9</a> p. 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-Recovering_Jesus_p._111-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Recovering_Jesus_p._111_27-0">^</a> Recovering Jesus: the witness of the New Testament Thomas R. Yoder Neufeld 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58743-202-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58743-202-1">1-58743-202-1</a> p. 111 </li> <li id="cite_note-digby-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digby_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-digby_28-1">b</a> Essays in New Testament interpretation by Charles Francis Digby Moule 1982 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23783-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23783-1">0-521-23783-1</a> p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-Faith_page_28-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faith_page_28_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faith_page_28_29-1">b</a> The Melody of Faith: Theology in an Orthodox Key by Vigen Guroian 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-6496-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-6496-1">0-8028-6496-1</a> p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-JBreck12-30"><a href="#cite_ref-JBreck12_30-0">^</a> Scripture in tradition by John Breck 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-226-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-226-0">0-88141-226-0</a> p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford117-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redford117_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford117_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford117_31-2">c</a> Redford, Douglas. The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a> pp. 117–130 </li> <li id="cite_note-Alister16-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alister16_32-3">d</a> Christianity:くぁ an introduction by Alister E. McGrath 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0901-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-0901-7">978-1-4051-0901-7</a> pp. 16–22 </li> <li id="cite_note-KingsburyMark-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_33-3">d</a> The Christology of Mark's Gospel by Jack Dean Kingsbury 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-2337-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8006-2337-1">0-8006-2337-1</a> pp. 91–95 </li> <li id="cite_note-Barton132-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_34-3">d</a> The Cambridge companion to the Gospels by Stephen C. Barton <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00261-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00261-3">0-521-00261-3</a> pp. 132–133 </li> <li id="cite_note-Mark_pages_24-25-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_pages_24-25_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_pages_24-25_35-1">b</a> St Mark's Gospel and the Christian faith by Michael Keene 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-6775-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7487-6775-4">0-7487-6775-4</a> pp. 24–25 </li> <li id="cite_note-Boring256-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Boring256_36-0">^</a> The people's New Testament commentary by M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22754-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22754-6">0-664-22754-6</a> pp. 256–258 </li> <li id="cite_note-CEvans381-37"><a href="#cite_ref-CEvans381_37-0">^</a> The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3">0-7814-3868-3</a> pp. 381–395 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockyer106-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer106_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer106_38-1">b</a> All the Apostles of the Bible by Herbert Lockyer 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-28011-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-28011-7">0-310-28011-7</a> pp. 106–111 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostenberger140-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger140_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger140_39-1">b</a> The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by <a href="/wiki/Andreas_J._K%C3%B6stenberger" title="Andreas J. Köstenberger">Andreas J. Köstenberger</a>, L. Scott Kellum 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a> p. 114 </li> <li id="cite_note-ChronosPaul-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChronosPaul_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChronosPaul_40-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Maier" title="Paul L. Maier">Paul L. Maier</a> "The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus" in Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies by Jerry Vardaman, Edwin M. Yamauchi 1989 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-931464-50-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-931464-50-1">0-931464-50-1</a> pp. 113–129 </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnett19-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett19_41-0">^</a> Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times by Paul Barnett 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-2699-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-2699-8">0-8308-2699-8</a> pp. 19–21 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders_age-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Sanders_age_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">Sanders, E. P.</a> (1993). The Historical Figure of Jesus. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 11, 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140144994" title="Special:BookSources/9780140144994"><bdi>9780140144994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pages=11%2C+249&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780140144994&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew'_page_71-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew'_page_71_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthew'_page_71_43-1">b</a> The Gospel according to Matthew by Leon Morris <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9">0-85111-338-9</a> p. 71 </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Testament'_page_324-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Testament'_page_324_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Testament'_page_324_44-1">b</a> A theology of the New Testament by George Eldon Ladd 1993 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] p. 324 </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford143-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redford143_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford143_45-1">b</a> The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a> pp. 143–160 </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_97-110-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_pages_97-110_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_pages_97-110_46-1">b</a> Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 Harmony of the Gospels <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a> pp. 97–110 </li> <li id="cite_note-Redford165-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redford165_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redford165_47-1">b</a> The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a> pp. 165–180 </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_pages_121-135-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_pages_121-135_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_pages_121-135_48-1">b</a> Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 Harmony of the Gospels <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a> pp. 121–135 </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus_pages_189-207-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_pages_189-207_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_pages_189-207_49-1">b</a> The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a> pp. 189–207 </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_L._Cox_page_137-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_page_137_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_page_137_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_L._Cox_page_137_50-2">c</a> Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 Harmony of the Gospels <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a> p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus_pages_211-229-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_pages_211-229_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_pages_211-229_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jesus_pages_211-229_51-2">c</a> The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7847-1900-4">0-7847-1900-4</a> pp. 211–229 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bible'_page_929-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_929_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_929_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_929_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bible'_page_929_52-3">d</a> Mercer dictionary of the Bible by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> p. 929 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox155-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_53-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox155_53-4">e</a> Steven L. Cox, Kendell H Easley, 2007 Harmony of the Gospels <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9444-8">0-8054-9444-8</a> pp. 155–170 </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner613-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_54-2">c</a> Matthew by David L. Turner 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-2684-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-2684-9">0-8010-2684-9</a> p. 613 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4 by Erwin Fahlbusch, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2416-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2416-5">978-0-8028-2416-5</a> pp. 52–56 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/niv/1_corinthians/15.htm">"1 Corinthians 15 NIV"</a>. biblehub.com. Retrieved 2015-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=1+Corinthians+15+NIV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fniv%2F1_corinthians%2F15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capernaum_page_7-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Capernaum_page_7_57-0">^</a> Jesus in the Synagogue of Capernaum: The Pericope and its Programmatic Character for the Gospel of Mark by John Chijioke Iwe 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8876528460" title="Special:BookSources/978-8876528460">978-8876528460</a> p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation by Carl G. Vaught 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918954-76-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918954-76-3">978-0-918954-76-3</a> pp. xi–xiv </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke by Ján Majerník, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6">1-931018-31-6</a>, pp. 63–68 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ross30-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Ross30_60-0">^</a> Medieval art: a topical dictionary by Leslie Ross 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29329-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29329-0">978-0-313-29329-0</a> p. 30 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zanzig118-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Zanzig118_61-0">^</a> Jesus of history, Christ of faith by Thomas Zanzig 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0">0-88489-530-0</a> p. 118 </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnEBrown25-62"><a href="#cite_ref-JohnEBrown25_62-0">^</a> The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary by Raymond Edward Brown 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-1283-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-1283-5">978-0-8146-1283-5</a> pp. 25–27 </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrington-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrington_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrington_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrington_63-2">c</a> Harrington, Daniel J., SJ. "Jesus Goes Public." America, Jan. 7–14, 2008, pp. 38ff </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%203:13%E2%80%9317&version=nrsv">Mt 3:13–17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:2%20Corinthians%205:21">2 Cor. 5:21</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_4:15" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 4:15">Hebrews 4:15</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Peter%203:18">1 Peter 3:18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Pope Benedict XVI. Jesus of Nazareth. Doubleday Religion, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52341-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52341-7">978-0-385-52341-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%203:17&version=nrsv">Mt 3:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:11&version=nrsv">Mk 1:11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:21%E2%80%9322&version=nrsv">Lk 3:21–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harring63-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Harring63_67-0">^</a> The Gospel of Matthew by Daniel J. Harrington 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2">0-8146-5803-2</a> p. 63 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lopez95-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez95_68-0">^</a> Christianity: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Guide by Glenn Jonas, Kathryn Muller Lopez 2010 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] pp. 95–96 </li> <li id="cite_note-Chilton187-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Chilton187_69-0">^</a> Studying the historical Jesus: evaluations of the state of current research by Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11142-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11142-5">90-04-11142-5</a> pp. 187–198 </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell47-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Powell47_70-0">^</a> Jesus as a figure in history: how modern historians view the man from Galilee by Mark Allan Powell 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25703-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25703-8">0-664-25703-8</a> p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-JDunn339-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JDunn339_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDunn339_71-1">b</a> Jesus Remembered by James D. G. Dunn 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3931-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3931-2">0-8028-3931-2</a> p. 339 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%204:1%E2%80%9311">Matthew 4:1–11</a>, New International Version </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Mark%201:12%E2%80%9313">Mark 1:12–13</a>, NIV </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%204:1%E2%80%9313">Luke 4:1–13</a>, NIV </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> The Gospel according to Matthew by Leon Morris 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9">0-85111-338-9</a> p. 83 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Luke by Fred B. Craddock 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8042-3123-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8042-3123-0">0-8042-3123-0</a> p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> The beginning of the Gospel: introducing the Gospel according to Mark by Eugene LaVerdiere 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-2478-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-2478-2">0-8146-2478-2</a> p. 49 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lukepassage-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Lukepassage_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke%205:1-11&version=NIV">"Luke 5:1–11, New International Version"</a>. Biblegateway. Retrieved 2012-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luke+5%3A1%E2%80%9311%2C+New+International+Version&rft.pub=Biblegateway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3Dluke%25205%3A1-11%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Clowes_(cleric)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Clowes (cleric)">John Clowes</a>, The Miracles of Jesus Christ published by J. Gleave, Manchester, UK, 1817, p. 214, available on Google books </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> The Gospel of Luke by Timothy Johnson, Daniel J. Harrington, 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5805-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5805-9">0-8146-5805-9</a> p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> The Gospel of Luke, by Joel B. Green 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2315-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2315-7">0-8028-2315-7</a> p. 230 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> John by <a href="/wiki/Gail_R._O%27Day" title="Gail R. O'Day">Gail R. O'Day</a>, Susan Hylen 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25260-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25260-5">0-664-25260-5</a> p. 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> H. Van der Loos, 1965 The Miracles of Jesus, E.J. Brill Press, Netherlands page 599 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Dmitri Royster 1999 The miracles of Christ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-193-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-193-0">0-88141-193-0</a> p. 71 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> The Gospel according to Matthew: an introduction and commentary by R. T. France 1987 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0063-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0063-7">0-8028-0063-7</a> p. 154 </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Michael Keene 2002 St Mark's Gospel and the Christian faith <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-6775-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7487-6775-4">0-7487-6775-4</a> p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> John Clowes, 1817 The Miracles of Jesus Christ published by J. Gleave, Manchester, UK p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> The Gospel of Matthew by R. T. France 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2501-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2501-X">0-8028-2501-X</a> p. 349 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> The first gospel by Harold Riley, 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-409-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-409-3">0-86554-409-3</a> p. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Mercer dictionary of the Bible by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> p. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> The life of Jesus by David Friedrich Strauss, 1860 published by Calvin Blanchard, p. 340 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ringe-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Ringe_92-0">^</a> Luke by Sharon H. Ringe 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25259-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25259-1">0-664-25259-1</a> pp. 151–152 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Robert Maguire 1863 The miracles of Christ published by Weeks and Co. London p. 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Merrill Chapin Tenney 1997 John: Gospel of Belief <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4351-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4351-4">0-8028-4351-4</a> p. 114 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Dwight Pentecost 2000 The words and works of Jesus Christ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9">0-310-30940-9</a> p. 234 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study by Graham H. Twelftree 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-1596-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-1596-1">0-8308-1596-1</a> p. 79 </li> <li id="cite_note-Twelftree133-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Twelftree133_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Twelftree133_97-1">b</a> Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study by Graham H. Twelftree 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8308-1596-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8308-1596-1">0-8308-1596-1</a> pp. 133–134 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Berard L. Marthaler 2007 The creed: the apostolic faith in contemporary theology <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89622-537-2">0-89622-537-2</a> p. 220 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Lockyer, Herbert, 1988 All the Miracles of the Bible <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-28101-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-28101-6">0-310-28101-6</a> p. 235 </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Lamar Williamson 1983 Mark <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8042-3121-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8042-3121-4">0-8042-3121-4</a> pp. 138–140 </li> <li id="cite_note-Karris-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karris_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karris_101-1">b</a> The Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament by Robert J. Karris 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-2211-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-2211-9">0-8146-2211-9</a> pp. 885–886 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingsbury-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury_102-1">b</a> Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> p. xvi </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Christology and the New Testament by Christopher Mark Tuckett 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22431-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22431-8">0-664-22431-8</a> p. 109 </li> <li id="cite_note-Boring69-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Boring69_104-0">^</a> The people's New Testament commentary by M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22754-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22754-6">0-664-22754-6</a> p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-Yueh-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yueh_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yueh_105-1">b</a> One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel by John Yueh-Han Yieh 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7">3-11-018151-7</a> pp. 240–241 </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudolf7-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Rudolf7_106-0">^</a> The Gospel of Matthew by Rudolf Schnackenburg 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4438-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4438-3">0-8028-4438-3</a> pp. 7–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey,_Maurice2010" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Maurice (2010). Jesus of Nazareth. Bloomsbury. pp. 188–189.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.pages=188-189&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Casey%2C+Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee21-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee21_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee21_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee21_108-2">c</a> Transfiguration by Dorothy A. Lee 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7595-4">978-0-8264-7595-4</a> pp. 21–30 </li> <li id="cite_note-lockyer213-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lockyer213_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lockyer213_109-1">b</a> Lockyer, Herbert, 1988 All the Miracles of the Bible <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-28101-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-28101-6">0-310-28101-6</a> p. 213 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Clowes, John, 1817, The Miracles of Jesus Christ published by J. Gleave, Manchester, UK p. 167 </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Henry Rutter, Evangelical harmony Keating and Brown, London 1803. p. 450 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Karl Barth Church dogmatics <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-05089-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-05089-0">0-567-05089-0</a> p. 478 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Nicholas M. Healy, 2003 Thomas Aquinas: theologian of the Christian life <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1472-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1472-2">978-0-7546-1472-2</a> p. 100 </li> <li id="cite_note-DorothyLee2-114"><a href="#cite_ref-DorothyLee2_114-0">^</a> Transfiguration by Dorothy A. Lee 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7595-4">978-0-8264-7595-4</a> p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> The temptations of Jesus in Mark's Gospel by Susan R. Garrett 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4259-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4259-6">978-0-8028-4259-6</a> pp. 74–75 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Matthew for Everyone by Tom Wright 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22787-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22787-2">0-664-22787-2</a> p. 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-BigPic-117"><a href="#cite_ref-BigPic_117-0">^</a> Big Picture of the Bible – New Testament by Lorna Daniels Nichols 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57921-928-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57921-928-4">1-57921-928-4</a> p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sloyan11-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Sloyan11_118-0">^</a> John by Gerard Stephen Sloyan 1987 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8042-3125-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8042-3125-7">0-8042-3125-7</a> p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-Jensen-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_119-0">^</a> Preaching Matthew's Gospel by Richard A. Jensen 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-1221-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-1221-1">978-0-7880-1221-1</a> pp. 25 & 158 </li> <li id="cite_note-King_pages_215-216-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_pages_215-216_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_pages_215-216_120-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_pages_215-216_120-2">c</a> Behold the King: A Study of Matthew by Stanley D. Toussaint 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8254-3845-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8254-3845-4">0-8254-3845-4</a> pp. 215–216 </li> <li id="cite_note-Chouinard-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chouinard_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chouinard_121-1">b</a> Matthew by Larry Chouinard 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89900-628-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89900-628-0">0-89900-628-0</a> p. 321 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a> pp. 312–313 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Francis J. Moloney, Daniel J. Harrington, 1998 The Gospel of John Liturgical Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5806-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5806-7">0-8146-5806-7</a> p. 325 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuffi-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Zuffi_124-0">^</a> Gospel figures in art by Stefano Zuffi 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-727-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-727-6">978-0-89236-727-6</a> pp. 254–259 </li> <li id="cite_note-Blomberg224-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Blomberg224_125-0">^</a> Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3">0-8054-4482-3</a> pp. 224–229 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox182-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Cox182_126-0">^</a> <a href="#refCox2007">Cox (2007)</a> p. 182 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Craig A. Evans 2005 The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John's Gospel, Hebrews-Revelation <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-4228-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-4228-1">0-7814-4228-1</a> p. 122 </li> <li id="cite_note-Maj169-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Maj169_128-0">^</a> The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke by Ján Majerník, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6">1-931018-31-6</a> page 169 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zuck83-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zuck83_129-5">f</a> The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament edited by John F. Walvoord, Roy B. Zuck 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88207-812-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88207-812-0">978-0-88207-812-0</a> pages 83–85 </li> <li id="cite_note-CEvans487-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEvans487_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEvans487_130-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEvans487_130-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEvans487_130-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEvans487_130-4">e</a> The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3">0-7814-3868-3</a> page 487-500 </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a> An Introduction to the New Testament Doubleday 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-24767-2">0-385-24767-2</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig396-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craig396_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig396_132-1">b</a> Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-4482-3">0-8054-4482-3</a> pages 396–400 </li> <li id="cite_note-Holman608-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_133-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_133-2">c</a> Holman Concise Bible Dictionary 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-9548-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-9548-7">0-8054-9548-7</a> pages 608–609 </li> <li id="cite_note-GBromiley1050-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GBromiley1050_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GBromiley1050_134-1">b</a> The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1982 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3782-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3782-4">0-8028-3782-4</a> pages 1050–1052 </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_135-0">^</a> Pontius Pilate: portraits of a Roman governor by Warren Carter 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5113-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5113-1">978-0-8146-5113-1</a> pages 120–121 </li> <li id="cite_note-Niswonger172-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Niswonger172_136-0">^</a> New Testament History by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-31201-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-31201-9">0-310-31201-9</a> page 172 </li> <li id="cite_note-PC-137"><a href="#cite_ref-PC_137-0">^</a> Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. vol. K-P. p. 929. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1982 vol. K-P, p. 979. </li> <li id="cite_note-PP-139"><a href="#cite_ref-PP_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond1998" class="citation book cs1">Bond, Helen Katharine (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wx9fufbr7jcC">Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63114-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63114-3"><bdi>978-0-521-63114-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pontius+Pilate+in+History+and+Interpretation&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63114-3&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Helen+Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWx9fufbr7jcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Matthew (New Cambridge Bible Commentary) by Craig A. Evans (Feb 6, 2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521812143" title="Special:BookSources/0521812143">0521812143</a> page 454 </li> <li id="cite_note-Beau-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Beau_141-0">^</a> The Historical Jesus Through Catholic and Jewish Eyes by Bryan F. Le Beau, Leonard J. Greenspoon and Dennis Hamm (Nov 1, 2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563383225" title="Special:BookSources/1563383225">1563383225</a> pages 105–106 </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-142"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunkJesus_Seminar1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Funk" title="Robert W. Funk">Funk, Robert W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsofjesuswhatd00robe">The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus</a>. San Francisco: Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+acts+of+Jesus%3A+the+search+for+the+authentic+deeds+of+Jesus&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Jesus+Seminar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factsofjesuswhatd00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a>, (1995) Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography HarperOne <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-061662-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-061662-8">0-06-061662-8</a> page 145. J. D. Crossan, page 145 states: "that he was crucified is as sure as anything historical can ever be." </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> The Word in this world by Paul William Meyer, John T. Carroll 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22701-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22701-5">0-664-22701-5</a> page 112 </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans2003-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2003_145-6">g</a> The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7814-3868-3">0-7814-3868-3</a> page 509-520 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostenberger211-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger211_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger211_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger211_146-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger211_146-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostenberger211_146-4">e</a> The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a> pages 211–214 </li> <li id="cite_note-Miriam271-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miriam271_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miriam271_147-1">b</a> Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions by Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0">978-0-87779-044-0</a> page 271 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromiley426-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley426_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley426_148-1">b</a> Geoffrey W. Bromiley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Eerdmans Press 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0">0-8028-3784-0</a> page 426 </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Joseph F. Kelly, An Introduction to the New Testament 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5216-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5216-9">978-0-8146-5216-9</a> page 153 </li> <li id="cite_note-Houlden627-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Houlden627_150-0">^</a> Jesus: the complete guide by Leslie Houlden 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X">0-8264-8011-X</a> page 627 </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernon_K._Robbins" title="Vernon K. Robbins">Vernon K. Robbins</a> in Literary studies in Luke-Acts by Richard P. Thompson (editor) 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-563-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-563-4">0-86554-563-4</a> pages 200–201 </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Mercer dictionary of the Bible by Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9">0-86554-373-9</a> page 648 </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Reading Luke-Acts: dynamics of Biblical narrative by William S. Kurz 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25441-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25441-1">0-664-25441-1</a> page 201 </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> The Gospel according to Mark by George Martin 2o05 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8294-1970-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8294-1970-5">0-8294-1970-5</a> page 440 </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Mark by Allen Black 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89900-629-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89900-629-9">0-89900-629-9</a> page 280 </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> The Gospel of Matthew by Daniel J. Harrington 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8146-5803-2">0-8146-5803-2</a> page 404 </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> The Gospel according to Matthew by Leon Morris <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85111-338-9">0-85111-338-9</a> page 727 </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> For example, compare: "It was nine in the morning when they crucified him." (Mark 15:25 NIV) and "It was the day of Preparation of the Passover; it was about noon. (...) Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified." (John 19:14,16 NIV). Bart D. Ehrman, Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (1999), p. 32–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#28:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 28:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#16:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 16:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#24:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 24:1</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#20:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 20:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Easley216-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Easley216_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easley216_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easley216_160-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easley216_160-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Easley216_160-4">e</a> <a href="#refCox2007">Cox (2007)</a> pp. 216–226 </li> <li id="cite_note-Stagg2-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stagg2_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stagg2_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stagg2_161-2">c</a> Stagg, Evalyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978, p. 144–150. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Vladimir Lossky, 1982 The Meaning of Icons <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-99-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-99-6">978-0-913836-99-6</a> page 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16:1%E2%80%938&version=tniv">Mark 16:1–8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28:1%E2%80%938&version=tniv">Matthew 28:1–8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+24:1%E2%80%9312&version=tniv">Luke 24:1–12</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+20:1%E2%80%9313&version=tniv">John 20:1–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Setzer, Claudia. "Excellent Women: Female Witness to the Resurrection." Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 116, No. 2 (Summer, 1997), pp. 259–272 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Catholic Comparative New Testament by Oxford University Press 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-528299-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-528299-X">0-19-528299-X</a> page 589 </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> "Ascension, The." Macmillan Dictionary of the Bible. London: Collins, 2002. Credo Reference. Web. 27 September 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0333648056" title="Special:BookSources/0333648056">0333648056</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Fred B. Craddock, Luke (Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), p. 293 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fred293-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Fred293_168-0">^</a> Luke by Fred B. Craddock 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0664234356" title="Special:BookSources/0664234356">0664234356</a> pages 293–294 </li> <li id="cite_note-Matera53-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matera53_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matera53_169-1">b</a> New Testament Theology by Frank J. Matera 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/066423044X" title="Special:BookSources/066423044X">066423044X</a> pages 53–54 </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedman110-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Freedman110_170-0">^</a> Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible by D. N. Freedman, David Noel, Allen Myers and Astrid B. Beck 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9053565035" title="Special:BookSources/9053565035">9053565035</a> page 110 </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="refCox2007" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Steven L.; Easley, Kendell H (2007). Harmony of the Gospels. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9444-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9444-0"><bdi>978-0-8054-9444-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmony+of+the+Gospels&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-9444-0&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Easley%2C+Kendell+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Bruce J. Malina: Windows on the World of Jesus: Time Travel to Ancient Judea. Westminster John Knox Press: Louisville (Kentucky) 1993</li> <li>Bruce J. Malina: The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology. 3rd edition, Westminster John Knox Press Louisville (Kentucky) 2001</li> <li>Ekkehard Stegemann and Wolfgang Stegemann: The Jesus Movement: A Social History of Its First Century. Augsburg Fortress Publishers: Minneapolis 1999</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShailer_Mathews1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shailer_Mathews" title="Shailer Mathews">Shailer Mathews</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynewtest02mathgoog">A History of New Testament Times in Palestine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+New+Testament+Times+in+Palestine&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Shailer+Mathews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorynewtest02mathgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALife+of+Jesus" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Jesus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="نظرة العهد الجديد لحياة المسيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظرة العهد الجديد لحياة المسيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91_%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жыццё Ісуса Хрыста – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жыццё Ісуса Хрыста" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_al_Nou_Testament" title="Jesús al Nou Testament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jesús al Nou Testament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1%C5%AFv_%C5%BEivot" title="Ježíšův život – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježíšův život" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Kristus_i_Det_Nye_Testamente" title="Jesus Kristus i Det Nye Testamente – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jesus Kristus i Det Nye Testamente" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida_de_Jes%C3%BAs_en_el_Nuevo_Testamento" title="Vida de Jesús en el Nuevo Testamento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vida de Jesús en el Nuevo Testamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%BD_%EC%86%8D_%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%82%B6" title="신약 속 예수의 삶 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신약 속 예수의 삶" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_nel_Nuovo_Testamento" title="Gesù nel Nuovo Testamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gesù nel Nuovo Testamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive_de_Jesus_en_la_Atesta_Nova" title="Vive de Jesus en la Atesta Nova – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vive de Jesus en la Atesta Nova" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9zus_az_%C3%9Ajsz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9gben" title="Jézus az Újszövetségben – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jézus az Újszövetségben" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandangan_Perjanjian_Baru_mengenai_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Pandangan Perjanjian Baru mengenai kehidupan Yesus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pandangan Perjanjian Baru mengenai kehidupan Yesus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83" title="Исусов живот према Новом завету – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исусов живот према Новом завету" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_liv_enligt_Nya_testamentet" title="Jesu liv enligt Nya testamentet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jesu liv enligt Nya testamentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="புதிய ஏற்பாட்டு இயேசு வரலாறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதிய ஏற்பாட்டு இயேசு வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Земне життя Христа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Земне життя Христа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di_Gi%C3%AA-su_theo_T%C3%A2n_%C6%AF%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Cuộc đời Giê-su theo Tân Ước – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc đời Giê-su theo Tân Ước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li></ul> 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