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CPI : Un leader rebelle congolais acquitté dans la seconde affaire jugée par la Cour | Human Rights Watch

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href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/12/18/cpi-un-leader-rebelle-congolais-acquitte-dans-la-seconde-affaire-jugee-par-la-cour" title="CPI : Un leader rebelle congolais acquitté dans la seconde affaire jugée par la Cour">CPI : Un leader rebelle congolais acquitté dans la seconde affaire jugée par la Cour</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">La procureure devrait renforcer les enquêtes dans les affaires relatives à la RD Congo </h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">18 décembre 2012</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Ffr%2Fnews%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fcpi-un-leader-rebelle-congolais-acquitte-dans-la-seconde-affaire-jugee-par-la-cour&amp;count=horizontal&amp;via=&amp;text=CPI%20%3A%20Un%20leader%20rebelle%20congolais%20acquitt%C3%A9%20dans%20la%20seconde%20affaire%20jug%C3%A9e%20par%20la%20Cour&amp;counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Ffr%2Fnews%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2Fcpi-un-leader-rebelle-congolais-acquitte-dans-la-seconde-affaire-jugee-par-la-cour" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_DRC_Chui.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>L’ex-milicien congolais Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui écoute le réquisitoire final du procureur de la Cour pénale internationale dans la dernière phase du procès contre lui et son compatriote Germain Katanga à La Haye, le 15 mai 2012.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2012_DRC_Chui.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_DRC_Chui.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>L’ex-milicien congolais Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui écoute le réquisitoire final du procureur de la Cour pénale internationale dans la dernière phase du procès contre lui et son compatriote Germain Katanga à La Haye, le 15 mai 2012.</p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Reuters</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/02/29/rd-congo-questions-r-ponses-sur-le-premier-verdict-de-la-cpi-dans-l-affaire-procureu">RD Congo: Questions-réponses sur le premier verdict de la CPI, dans l’affaire Procureur c. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">février, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Q &amp; A</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/11/12/cpi-il-faut-faire-progresser-la-justice">CPI : Il faut faire progresser la justice</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">novembre, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> L’acquittement de Ngudjolo laisse les victimes de Bogoro et d’autres massacres commis par ses troupes sans justice pour leurs souffrances. La procureure de la CPI doit renforcer ses enquêtes portant sur les individus responsables de crimes graves en Ituri, notamment les officiels de haut niveau en RD Congo, au Rwanda et en Ouganda qui ont soutenu les groupes armés combattant dans cette région. </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Géraldine Mattioli-Zeltner, directrice de plaidoyer au sein du Programme Justice internationale </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(La Haye) &ndash; L&rsquo;acquittement par la Cour p&eacute;nale internationale (CPI) le 18 d&eacute;cembre 2012 d&rsquo;un leader rebelle congolais de tous les chefs d&rsquo;accusation qui le visaient devrait engendrer de nouveaux efforts pour engager des poursuites contre d&rsquo;autres individus responsables d&rsquo;atrocit&eacute;s en <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/drc"><u>R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo</u></a>.<br/> <br/> Les trois juges de la Chambre de premi&egrave;re instance II de la <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/topic/international-justice/international-criminal-court"><u>Cour p&eacute;nale internationale</u></a>&nbsp;ont estim&eacute; que les preuves &eacute;taient insuffisantes pour &eacute;tablir &laquo;&nbsp;<em>au-del&agrave; de tout doute raisonnable</em> &raquo; que Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui &eacute;tait responsable de crimes de guerre et de crimes contre l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; commis lors d&rsquo;une attaque contre le village de Bogoro dans le district d&rsquo;Ituri, en R&eacute;publique d&eacute;mocratique du Congo, en f&eacute;vrier 2003. Le proc&egrave;s portait seulement sur cette attaque.<br/> <br/> &laquo;&nbsp;<em>L&rsquo;acquittement de Ngudjolo laisse les victimes de Bogoro et d&rsquo;autres massacres commis par ses troupes sans justice pour leurs souffrances</em>&nbsp;&raquo;, a comment&eacute; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/bios/g-raldine-mattioli-zeltner"><u>G&eacute;raldine Mattioli-Zeltner</u></a>, directrice de plaidoyer au sein du Programme Justice internationale &agrave; Human Rights Watch. &laquo;&nbsp;<em>La procureure de la CPI doit renforcer ses enqu&ecirc;tes portant sur les individus responsables de crimes graves en Ituri, notamment les officiels de haut niveau en RD Congo, au Rwanda et en Ouganda qui ont soutenu les groupes arm&eacute;s combattant dans cette r&eacute;gion</em>.&nbsp;&raquo;<br/> <br/> Ngudjolo &eacute;tait l&rsquo;ancien chef d&rsquo;&eacute;tat-major du Front nationaliste et int&eacute;grationniste (FNI), un groupe arm&eacute; compos&eacute; essentiellement de combattants appartenant au groupe ethnique lendu. Le FNI et ses alli&eacute;s ont combattu l&rsquo;Union des patriotes congolais (UPC), une milice compos&eacute;e essentiellement de combattants appartenant au groupe ethnique hema qui &eacute;tait dirig&eacute;e par Thomas Lubanga. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/topic/international-justice/lubanga-trial"><u>Lubanga</u></a>&nbsp;a &eacute;t&eacute; la premi&egrave;re personne jug&eacute;e par la CPI et il a &eacute;t&eacute; condamn&eacute; en mars pour recrutement et utilisation d&rsquo;enfants soldats durant le conflit en Ituri.<br/> <br/> Les autorit&eacute;s congolaises ont arr&ecirc;t&eacute; Ngudjolo dans la capitale, Kinshasa, en f&eacute;vrier 2008 alors qu&rsquo;il suivait une formation militaire &agrave; la suite de sa nomination officielle au grade de colonel dans l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e congolaise. En novembre 2009, son proc&egrave;s a &eacute;t&eacute; joint &agrave; celui de Germain Katanga &ndash; le leader d&rsquo;une milice alli&eacute;e, la Force de r&eacute;sistance patriotique en Ituri (FRPI) &ndash;, qui aurait &eacute;galement particip&eacute; au massacre de Bogoro.<br/> <br/> Dans leur jugement, les juges ont conclu que le bureau du procureur n&rsquo;avait pas d&eacute;montr&eacute; au-del&agrave; de tout doute raisonnable que Ngudjolo &eacute;tait le leader des combattants lendu au moment de l&rsquo;attaque contre Bogoro en 2003. A la lumi&egrave;re de cette d&eacute;termination, les juges ont estim&eacute; inutile d&rsquo;examiner si Ngudjolo avait particip&eacute; &agrave; la mise en place d&rsquo;un plan commun pour attaquer le village de Bogoro. Les juges ont insist&eacute; sur le fait que leur jugement sur la responsabilit&eacute; p&eacute;nale de Ngudjolo ne signifiait pas que &laquo;&nbsp;<em>des crimes n&rsquo;auraient pas &eacute;t&eacute; commis a Bogoro le 24 f&eacute;vrier 2003, ni [ne saurait] remettre en cause ce qu&rsquo;a subi ce jour-l&agrave; la population de cette localit&eacute;</em>&nbsp;&raquo;.<br/> <br/> &laquo;&nbsp;<em>La procureure nouvellement &eacute;lue, Fatou Bensouda, ainsi que l&rsquo;unit&eacute; de sensibilisation de la Cour, devraient expliquer la signification de cette d&eacute;cision, ainsi que les prochaines &eacute;tapes, aux communaut&eacute;s affect&eacute;es dans l&rsquo;est de la RD Congo, en particulier celles qui ont eu &agrave; subir des souffrances de la part des forces du FNI</em>&nbsp;&raquo;, a indiqu&eacute; G&eacute;raldine Mattioli-Zeltner. &laquo;&nbsp;<em>Le fait que les juges aient insist&eacute; sur le manque de preuves suffisantes dans ce proc&egrave;s, souligne l&rsquo;urgence pour Fatou Bensouda d&rsquo;acc&eacute;l&eacute;rer ses efforts visant &agrave; am&eacute;liorer les pratiques d&rsquo;investigation et les politiques de poursuites</em>.&nbsp;&raquo;<br/> <br/> Lors de l&rsquo;Assembl&eacute;e des &Eacute;tats parties &agrave; la CPI qui s&rsquo;est d&eacute;roul&eacute;e le mois dernier &agrave; La Haye, Fatou Bensouda a exprim&eacute; son engagement &agrave; am&eacute;liorer les enqu&ecirc;tes men&eacute;es par le Bureau du procureur.<br/> <br/> La procureure dispose de 30 jours pour faire appel de la d&eacute;cision des juges d&rsquo;acquitter Ngudjolo.<br/> <br/> Le 21 novembre 2012, la Cour a d&eacute;cid&eacute; de disjoindre les charges &agrave; l&rsquo;encontre de Ngudjolo et de Katanga, qui &eacute;taient tous deux accus&eacute;s de crimes de guerre et de crimes contre l&rsquo;humanit&eacute; pour le massacre de Bogoro, et de requalifier le mode de responsabilit&eacute; retenu &agrave; l&rsquo;encontre de Katanga. Les avocats de Katanga ont indiqu&eacute; qu&rsquo;ils feraient appel de cette d&eacute;cision. Au vu de ces d&eacute;veloppements, un verdict contre Katanga ne devrait pas &ecirc;tre prononc&eacute; avant plusieurs mois.<br/> <br/> Certaines preuves pr&eacute;sent&eacute;es lors du proc&egrave;s refl&eacute;taient des observations de Human Rights Watch quant au r&ocirc;le exerc&eacute; par de hautes autorit&eacute;s militaires et politiques &agrave; Kinshasa et en Ouganda en mati&egrave;re de direction strat&eacute;gique, ainsi que de soutien financier et militaire apport&eacute;s aux FNI et FRPI. En particulier, le proc&egrave;s a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; une op&eacute;ration militaire secr&egrave;te qui a commenc&eacute; vers septembre 2002, coordonn&eacute;e par l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e congolaise sous une structure secr&egrave;te appel&eacute;e &Eacute;tat-major op&eacute;rationnel int&eacute;gr&eacute; (ou EMOI). Cette structure secr&egrave;te planifiait les op&eacute;rations militaires et fournissait des armes, des soldats et un soutien financier aux alli&eacute;s de la RD Congo en Ituri, notamment le FNI et le FRPI, entre autres.<br/> <br/> Le conflit en Ituri de 1999 &agrave; 2005 et d&rsquo;autres conflits ult&eacute;rieurs dans l&rsquo;est de la RD Congo ont &eacute;galement &eacute;t&eacute; caract&eacute;ris&eacute;s par la participation de forces non-congolaises. L&rsquo;Ituri est devenu un champ de bataille impliquant l&rsquo;Ouganda, le Rwanda et la RD Congo. Ces gouvernements ont fourni un soutien politique et militaire aux groupes arm&eacute;s congolais en d&eacute;pit de preuves abondantes des violations g&eacute;n&eacute;ralis&eacute;es du droit humanitaire international qu&rsquo;ils perp&eacute;traient. Il est crucial que la <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/reports/2011/09/15/un-travail-inabouti"><u>CPI m&egrave;ne des enqu&ecirc;tes</u></a>&nbsp;sur les personnes qui soutenaient les groupes arm&eacute;s en Ituri afin de v&eacute;ritablement rendre justice aux victimes en RD Congo, a insist&eacute; Human Rights Watch.<br/> <br/> Les &eacute;v&eacute;nements qui se d&eacute;roulent actuellement dans le Nord Kivu ont soulev&eacute; des consid&eacute;rations similaires. Une r&eacute;bellion d&eacute;clench&eacute;e en avril par le groupe M23 est soutenue par des officiels militaires rwandais, qui ont fourni des armes, des recrues, du financement et d&rsquo;autres types de soutien militaire direct. Le M23 a commis des crimes de guerre g&eacute;n&eacute;ralis&eacute;s. L&rsquo;un de ses dirigeants est <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/fr/topic/international-justice/bosco-ntaganda"><u>Bosco Ntaganda</u></a>, qui est recherch&eacute; par la CPI en 2006 sous des accusations de recrutement et d&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;enfants soldats, ainsi que de meurtre, de pillage et de viol qui auraient &eacute;t&eacute; commis en Ituri en 2002-2003, alors qu&rsquo;il &eacute;tait le bras-droit de Lubanga.<br/> <br/> &laquo;&nbsp;<em>Les milices en Ituri, comme le FNI de Ngudjolo, n&rsquo;ont pas agi seules &ndash; tout comme le M23 de Ntaganda n&rsquo;agit pas seul aujourd&rsquo;hui pour terroriser la population congolaise&nbsp;&raquo;</em>, a conclu G&eacute;raldine Mattioli-Zeltner. &laquo;&nbsp;<em>La procureure de la CPI devrait veiller &agrave; ce que justice soit rendue en accordant une plus grande attention aux officiels de haut range qui arment, financent et soutiennent les groupes arm&eacute;s auteurs de violations dans l&rsquo;est de la RD Congo</em>.&nbsp;&raquo;<br/> <br/> L&rsquo;affaire de Ngudjolo est la deuxi&egrave;me &agrave; atteindre la phase du jugement &agrave; la CPI, qui a commenc&eacute; &agrave; fonctionner en 2003. Un autre proc&egrave;s, li&eacute; &agrave; la R&eacute;publique centrafricaine, est en cours. Un autre proc&egrave;s devrait commencer en 2013, en relation au Kenya, et une audience pour confirmer les chefs d&rsquo;accusation contre l&rsquo;ex pr&eacute;sident de la C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo devrait d&eacute;buter en f&eacute;vrier 2013.<br/> <br/> <strong>Contexte</strong><br/> <br/> Au cours du conflit arm&eacute; qui a affect&eacute; le district de l&rsquo;Ituri dans l&rsquo;est de la RD Congo entre 1999 et 2005, Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, infirmier de profession, est devenu un haut dirigeant militaire au sein du groupe arm&eacute; ethnique lendu connu sous le nom de Front des nationalistes et int&eacute;grationnistes (FNI), y occupant &agrave; un moment en 2003 le poste le plus &eacute;lev&eacute;, celui de chef d&#39;&eacute;tat-major. Les combats en Ituri entre 1999 et 2005 ont caus&eacute; la mort de dizaines de milliers de civils, dont la plupart ont &eacute;t&eacute; tu&eacute;s dans des massacres ethniques, les viols g&eacute;n&eacute;ralis&eacute;s de femmes et de filles, les tortures et le recrutement forc&eacute; d&rsquo;enfants. Des centaines de milliers de civils ont &eacute;t&eacute; contraints &agrave; abandonner leurs foyers.<br/> <br/> En octobre 2003, Ngudjolo a &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute; avec le concours des Casques bleus de l&#39;ONU &agrave; Bunia, capitale de l&rsquo;Ituri, pour le meurtre d&#39;un homme d&#39;affaires li&eacute; &agrave; un groupe arm&eacute; rival. Le gouvernement a ensuite accus&eacute; Ngudjolo de crimes de guerre pour un massacre perp&eacute;tr&eacute; par les troupes du FNI en mai 2003 dans la ville de Tchomia et Ngudjolo a &eacute;t&eacute; transf&eacute;r&eacute; de Bunia &agrave; la prison de Makala, &agrave; Kinshasa.<br/> <br/> En 2005, apr&egrave;s la chute de certains hauts dirigeants politiques et militaires du FNI, Ngudjolo a contribu&eacute; &agrave; la cr&eacute;ation d&#39;un nouveau groupe arm&eacute; en rassemblant certains effectifs &eacute;manant des milices ant&eacute;rieures. Ce nouveau groupe s&#39;est fait conna&icirc;tre sous le nom de Mouvement r&eacute;volutionnaire congolais (MRC).<br/> <br/> Au milieu de l&#39;ann&eacute;e 2006, Ngudjolo a sign&eacute; un accord avec le gouvernement congolais pour le d&eacute;sarmement et l&#39;int&eacute;gration des forces du MRC sous son commandement dans l&#39;arm&eacute;e nationale. Il a &eacute;galement &eacute;t&eacute; promu au grade de colonel. Aucune autre enqu&ecirc;te n&rsquo;a &eacute;t&eacute; men&eacute;e sur son implication dans de graves violations des droits humains. En novembre 2007, Ngudjolo a quitt&eacute; Bunia pour suivre une formation militaire &agrave; Kinshasa, o&ugrave; il a &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute; en f&eacute;vrier 2008 en r&eacute;ponse au mandat d&rsquo;arr&ecirc;t de la CPI.<br/> <br/> Le FNI et son organisation alli&eacute;e, la FRPI, ont re&ccedil;u un soutien militaire et financier de l&#39;Ouganda et, &agrave; partir de fin 2002, du gouvernement congolais &agrave; Kinshasa qui tentait de regagner le territoire dont s&rsquo;&eacute;tait empar&eacute; la milice de Lubanga, l&rsquo;UPC soutenue par le Rwanda. Lorsque les forces ougandaises se trouvaient en RD Congo en 2003, elles ont effectu&eacute; des op&eacute;rations militaires conjointes avec le FNI et la FRPI. En 2002 et 2003, le FNI et la FRPI ont &eacute;galement b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; d&#39;une formation et d&#39;un soutien militaires prodigu&eacute;s par un groupe rebelle national, le Rassemblement congolais pour la d&eacute;mocratie - Mouvement de lib&eacute;ration (RCD-ML), alors dirig&eacute; par Mbusa Nyamwisi, qui a par la suite occup&eacute; des fonctions politiques de haut niveau &agrave; Kinshasa, dont le poste de ministre des Affaires &eacute;trang&egrave;res de 2007 &agrave; 2008.<br/> <br/> Le proc&egrave;s de Ngudjolo et de Katanga a d&eacute;but&eacute; le 24 novembre 2009. Ils ont &eacute;t&eacute; mis en accusation comme co-perp&eacute;trateurs indirects de sept charges de crimes de guerre et trois charges de crimes contre l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;. Le Bureau du procureur a appel&eacute; 24 t&eacute;moins et les avocats de la d&eacute;fense pour Katanga et Ngudjolo ont respectivement appel&eacute; 17 et 11 t&eacute;moins. Les accus&eacute;s eux-m&ecirc;mes ont comparu en tant que t&eacute;moins &ndash; une premi&egrave;re &agrave; la CPI. Les avocats de Ngudjolo ont pr&eacute;sent&eacute; leur plaidoirie finale le 11 novembre 2011, moins de deux ans apr&egrave;s le d&eacute;but du proc&egrave;s.</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first"><a href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/18/icc-congolese-rebel-leader-acquitted-court-s-second-case" title="ICC: Congolese Rebel Leader Acquitted in Court’s Second Case" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ja last"><a href="/web/20130125181233/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2012/12/18/icc-2" title="ICC:国際刑事裁判所 2件目の裁判 コンゴ武装勢力指導者に無罪判決" class="translation-link">日本語</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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