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Hafni – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

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này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Đặc_trưng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đặc_trưng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Đặc trưng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đặc_trưng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ứng_dụng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ứng_dụng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ứng dụng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ứng_dụng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lịch_sử" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lịch_sử"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lịch sử</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lịch_sử-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phổ_biến" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phổ_biến"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phổ biến</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phổ_biến-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phòng_ngừa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phòng_ngừa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phòng ngừa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phòng_ngừa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Đồng_vị" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đồng_vị"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Đồng vị</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đồng_vị-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hợp_chất" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hợp_chất"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hợp chất</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hợp_chất-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xem_thêm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xem_thêm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Xem thêm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xem_thêm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafni</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 142 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8D%8D%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሀፍኒየም – Tiếng Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀፍኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हेफ़नियम – Tiếng Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हेफ़नियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هافنيوم – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هافنيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu – Tiếng Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hafniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hafniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="হ্যাফনিয়াম – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যাফনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Гафній – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гафній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD" title="Гафн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гафн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapnyo" title="Hapnyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hapnyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧབ་ནིམ། – Tiếng Tây Tạng" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧབ་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Tạng" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="huy hiệu bài viết chọn lọc"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hafnij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniom" title="Hafniom – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hafniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хафний – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хафний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafni" title="Hafni – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hafni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnyo" title="Hafnyo – Tiếng Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hafnyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afniu" title="Afniu – Tiếng Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Afniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haffniwm" title="Haffniwm – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Haffniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هافنيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هافنيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%86%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Άφνιο – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άφνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="هافنیم – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هافنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afni" title="Afni – Tiếng Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Afni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifniam" title="Haifniam – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haifniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Gael Scotland" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gael Scotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="હાફનીયમ – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાફનીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Khách Gia" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khách Gia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гафниум – Tiếng Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Гафниум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%94%84%EB%8A%84" title="하프늄 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하프늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հաֆնիում – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաֆնիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hafnij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnio" title="Hafnio – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hafnio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmHlafantunge" title="UmHlafantunge – Tiếng Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmHlafantunge" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafn%C3%ADn" title="Hafnín – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hafnín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afnio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="הפניום – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haf%C9%A9n%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Hafɩnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hafɩnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಾಫ್ನಿಯಮ್ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಫ್ನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ჰაფნიუმი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაფნიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniom" title="Hafniom – Tiếng Cornwall" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hafniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cornwall" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafni" title="Hafni – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hafni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xafnel" title="Xafnel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Xafnel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniy%C3%BBm" title="Hafniyûm – Tiếng Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hafniyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnijs" title="Hafnijs – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hafnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnis" title="Hafnis – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hafnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio – Tiếng Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Afnio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafnii" title="Gafnii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gafnii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrxafni" title="jinmrxafni – Tiếng Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrxafni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Afnio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хафниум – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хафниум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹാഫ്നിയം – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാഫ്നിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هافنيوم – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هافنيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гафни – Tiếng Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Гафни" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гафни – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гафни" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဟက်ဖ်နီယမ် – Tiếng Miến Điện" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟက်ဖ်နီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Miến Điện" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Tiếng Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%95%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ハフニウム – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハフニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afni" title="Afni – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Afni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ହାଫ୍‌ନିଅମ – Tiếng Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଫ୍‌ନିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafniy" title="Gafniy – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gafniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹਾਫ਼ਨੀਅਮ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਫ਼ਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Tiếng Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ہافنیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہافنیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="هافنيوم – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هافنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Afnio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Hạ Đức" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hạ Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafn" title="Hafn – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hafn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Háfnio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hafniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapniyu" title="Hapniyu – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hapniyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हाफ्नियम – Tiếng Phạn" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हाफ्नियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phạn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80fniu" title="Àfniu – Tiếng Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Àfniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniumi" title="Hafniumi – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hafniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afniu" title="Afniu – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Afniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hafnij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haafniyaam" title="Haafniyaam – Tiếng Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Haafniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ھافنیۆم – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھافنیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хафнијум – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хафнијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnijum" title="Hafnijum – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hafnijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniyo" title="Hafniyo – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hafniyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஃபினியம் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஃபினியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Гафний – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гафний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హాఫ్నియం – Tiếng Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హాఫ్నియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แฮฟเนียม – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮฟเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ҳафний – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳафний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafniyum" title="Hafniyum – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hafniyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Гафній – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гафній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="ہفنیئم – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہفنیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="گافنىي – Tiếng Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گافنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafnii" title="Gafnii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gafnii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BF" title="鉿 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉿" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnyo" title="Hafnyo – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hafnyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium – Tiếng Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hafnium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%BF" title="鉿 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1119#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafni" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Hafni" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafni"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafni"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Hafni" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Hafni" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;oldid=70552141" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&amp;page=Hafni&amp;id=70552141&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHafni"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHafni"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Hafni"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Hafni&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hafnium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1119" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72032465">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox--nowrap-label :not(.infobox-row--wrap-label)>.infobox-label{white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ffc0c0; padding-bottom: 8px;">Hafni,&#160;<sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">72</span></sub>Hf</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Hafnium_bits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hafnium_bits.jpg/250px-Hafnium_bits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hafnium_bits.jpg/330px-Hafnium_bits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hafnium_bits.jpg/500px-Hafnium_bits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Tính chất chung</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tên, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BD_hi%E1%BB%87u_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ký hiệu hóa học">ký hiệu</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Hafni, Hf</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phiên âm</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;h&#39; trong &#39;hi&#39;">h</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; trong &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;f&#39; trong &#39;find&#39;">f</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; trong &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span><span title="/i/: &#39;y&#39; trong &#39;happy&#39;">i</span><span title="/əm/: &#39;m&#39; trong &#39;rhythm&#39;">əm</span></span>/</a></span></span><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HAF</span>-nee-əm</i></a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hình dạng</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Thép xám, đen bóng ánh nhiều màu khi bị oxy hóa</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Hafni trong <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn">bảng tuần hoàn</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro&#160;(diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Hydro&#160;(diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; 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background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi&#160;(transition metal)"><img alt="Hassi&#160;(transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Meitneri&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Darmstadti&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Roentgeni&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici&#160;(transition metal)"><img alt="Copernici&#160;(transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Nihoni&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi&#160;(post-transition metal)"><img alt="Flerovi&#160;(post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Moscovi&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Livermori&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Tennessine&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson&#160;(unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Oganesson&#160;(unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">Zr</a><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>Hf</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi">Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti">Luteti</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hafni</a></b></span> → <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">Số nguyên tử</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">72</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyên tử lượng">Khối lượng nguyên tử chuẩn</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68144546">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">&#x20;(<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">178,49&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phân loại</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: kim loại chuyển tiếp" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0">&#160;</span> <a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_chuy%E1%BB%83n_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp">kim loại chuyển tiếp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn)">Nhóm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử)">phân lớp</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 4">4</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử) d">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn)">Chu kỳ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 6">Chu kỳ&#160;6</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_h%C3%ACnh_electron" title="Cấu hình electron">Cấu hình electron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>&#93; 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>2</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:1em; font-weight:normal;">mỗi lớp</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Tính chất vật lý</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFc" title="Màu sắc">Màu sắc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Thép xám</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất">Trạng thái vật chất</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Chất rắn">Chất rắn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">Nhiệt độ nóng chảy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2506&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>&#x20;&#x200b;(2233&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;4051&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt độ bay hơi">Nhiệt độ sôi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">4876&#160;K&#x20;&#x200b;(4603&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;8317&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ri%C3%AAng" title="Khối lượng riêng">Mật độ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">13,31&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gam_tr%C3%AAn_centimet_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Gam trên centimet khối">g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup></a>&#x20;<span class="nowrap">(ở&#160;0&#160;°C, 101.325&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B)" title="Pascal (đơn vị)">kPa</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mật độ ở thể lỏng</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">ở&#160;nhiệt độ nóng chảy:&#x20;12&#160;g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt nóng chảy">Nhiệt lượng nóng chảy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">27,2&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joule_tr%C3%AAn_mol" title="Joule trên mol">kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup></a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt bay hơi">Nhiệt bay hơi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">571&#160;kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_dung" title="Nhiệt dung">Nhiệt dung</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">25,73&#160;J<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81p_su%E1%BA%A5t_h%C6%A1i" title="Áp suất hơi"><b>Áp suất hơi</b></a> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>P&#160;(Pa) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1&#160;k </td> <td>10&#160;k </td> <td>100&#160;k </td></tr> <tr> <td>ở&#160;T&#160;(K) </td> <td>2689 </td> <td>2954 </td> <td>3277 </td> <td>3679 </td> <td>4194 </td> <td>4876 </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Tính chất nguyên tử</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_oxy_h%C3%B3a" title="Trạng thái oxy hóa">Trạng thái oxy hóa</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>4</b>, 3, 2</span>&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1ng_t%C3%ADnh" class="mw-disambig" title="Lưỡng tính">Lưỡng tính</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện">Độ âm điện</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1,3 (Thang Pauling)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ion_h%C3%B3a" title="Năng lượng ion hóa">Năng lượng ion hóa</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Thứ nhất: 658,5 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ hai: 1440 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ ba: 2250 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A1_tr%E1%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Bán kính cộng hoá trị">Bán kính cộng hoá trị</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">thực nghiệm:&#x20;159&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4m%C3%A9t" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômét">pm</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị">Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">175±10&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Thông tin khác</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể">Cấu trúc tinh thể</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_tinh_th%E1%BB%83_l%E1%BB%A5c_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hệ tinh thể lục phương">Lục phương</a><div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lục phương của Hafni"><img alt="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lục phương của Hafni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADn_t%E1%BB%91c_%C3%A2m_thanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vận tốc âm thanh">Vận tốc âm thanh</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">que&#160;mỏng:&#x20;3010&#160;m<b>·</b>s<sup><small>−1</small></sup>&#x20;(ở&#160;20&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_gi%C3%A3n_n%E1%BB%9F_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ giãn nở nhiệt">Độ giãn nở nhiệt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">5,9&#160;µm<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup>&#x20;(ở&#160;25&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_d%E1%BA%ABn_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ dẫn nhiệt">Độ dẫn nhiệt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">23,0&#160;W<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9F_su%E1%BA%A5t" class="mw-redirect" title="Điện trở suất">Điện trở suất</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">ở&#160;20&#160;°C: 331 n&#160;Ω<b>·</b>m&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Từ học">Tính chất từ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Thuận từ">Thuận từ</a><sup id="cite_ref-magnet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magnet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô đun Young">Mô đun Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">78&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_c%E1%BA%AFt" title="Mô đun cắt">Mô đun cắt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">30&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Mô đun khối">Mô đun khối</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">110&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_s%E1%BB%91_Poisson" title="Hệ số Poisson">Hệ số Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">0,37&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thang_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Mohs" title="Thang độ cứng Mohs">Độ cứng theo thang Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">5,5&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Vickers" title="Độ cứng Vickers">Độ cứng theo thang Vickers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1760&#160;MPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Brinell" title="Độ cứng Brinell">Độ cứng theo thang Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1700&#160;MPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_CAS" title="Số đăng ký CAS">Số đăng ký CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">7440-58-6&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffc0c0">Đồng vị ổn định nhất</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Bài chính: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_c%E1%BB%A7a_Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồng vị của Hafni (trang không tồn tại)">Đồng vị của Hafni</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị">Iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_phong_ph%C3%BA_t%E1%BB%B1_nhi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sự phong phú tự nhiên của đồng vị (trang không tồn tại)">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C3%A1n_r%C3%A3" title="Chu kỳ bán rã">Chu kỳ bán rã</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Phóng xạ">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Năng lượng phân rã">DE</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Sản phẩm phân rã">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>172</sup>Hf </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td>1,87 <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm">năm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFt_gi%E1%BB%AF_electron" title="Bắt giữ electron">ε</a> </td> <td>0.350 </td> <td><sup>172</sup><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>174</sup>Hf </td> <td>0.162% </td> <td>7,01×10<sup>16</sup> <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm">năm</a><sup id="cite_ref-174Hf2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174Hf2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">α</a> </td> <td>2.495 </td> <td><sup>170</sup><a href="/wiki/Ytterbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbi">Yb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>176</sup>Hf </td> <td>5.206% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>176</sup>Hf ổn định với 104 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>177</sup>Hf </td> <td>18.606% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>177</sup>Hf ổn định với 105 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>178</sup>Hf </td> <td>27.297% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>178</sup>Hf ổn định với 106 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>178<a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Đồng phân hạt nhân">m2</a></sup>Hf </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td>31 <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm">năm</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuy%E1%BB%83n_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_ph%C3%A2n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuyển đổi đồng phân (trang không tồn tại)">IT</a> </td> <td>2.446 </td> <td><sup>178</sup>Hf </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>179</sup>Hf </td> <td>13.629% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>179</sup>Hf ổn định với 107 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>180</sup>Hf </td> <td>35.1% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>180</sup>Hf ổn định với 108 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>182</sup>Hf </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td>8,9×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm">năm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_beta" title="Phân rã beta">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.373 </td> <td><sup>182</sup><a href="/wiki/Tantali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantali">Ta</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hafni</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinh">tiếng La tinh</a>: <b>Hafnium</b>) là một <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nguyên tố hóa học">nguyên tố hóa học</a> có ký hiệu <b>Hf</b> và <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">số nguyên tử</a> 72. Là một <a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_chuy%E1%BB%83n_ti%E1%BA%BFp" title="Kim loại chuyển tiếp">kim loại chuyển tiếp</a> hóa trị 4 màu xám bạc ánh, hafni tương tự như <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">zirconi</a> về mặt hóa học và nó được tìm thấy trong các <a href="/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Khoáng vật">khoáng vật</a> zirconi. Hafni được sử dụng trong các <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_kim" title="Hợp kim">hợp kim</a> <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> để làm các sợi dây tóc điện và các <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_c%E1%BB%B1c" title="Điện cực">điện cực</a>, trong các <a href="/wiki/Vi_m%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Vi mạch">mạch tích hợp</a> (IC) như là chất cách điện cho cổng của các <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">tranzisto</a>, và như là chất hấp thụ <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> trong các <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanh_ki%E1%BB%83m_so%C3%A1t_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanh kiểm soát lò phản ứng (trang không tồn tại)">thanh kiểm soát</a> của các <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhà máy điện nguyên tử">nhà máy điện hạt nhân</a>. </p><p>Hafni có nguồn gốc từ chữ "Hafnia" - tên gọi của thủ đô <a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_M%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Đan Mạch">Đan Mạch</a> theo tiếng La tinh. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đặc_trưng"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BA.B7c_tr.C6.B0ng"></span>Đặc trưng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đặc trưng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đặc trưng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Hf-crystal_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/250px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/330px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/500px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5428" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Hafni kim loại</figcaption></figure> <p>Hafni là một kim loại màu xám bạc, bóng, dễ uốn, kháng ăn mòn và về mặt hóa học thì tương tự như <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">zirconi</a>. Các tính chất <i>vật lý</i> của hafni bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể bởi các tạp chất zirconi, và hai nguyên tố này thuộc số những nguyên tố rất khó tách khỏi nhau. Khác biệt vật lý đáng chú ý giữa chúng là tỷ trọng riêng (zirconi có tỷ trọng riêng chỉ khoảng một nửa của hafni), nhưng tính chất hóa học thì cực kỳ giống nhau. </p><p>Tính chất vật lý đáng chú nhất của hafni là nó có tiết diện bắt neutron rất cao, và hạt nhân của một vài đồng vị của hafni có thể hấp thụ nhiều neutron. Điều này làm cho hafni là một vật liệu tốt cho các thanh kiểm soát trong các <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Lò phản ứng hạt nhân">lò phản ứng hạt nhân</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Tiết diện bắt neutron nhiệt của nó cao hơn của zirconi khoảng 600 lần (Các nguyên tố khác có tiết diện bắt neutron cao để làm các thanh kiểm soát là <a href="/wiki/Cadmi" title="Cadmi">cadmi</a> và <a href="/wiki/Bo" class="mw-disambig" title="Bo">bo</a>). </p><p>Việc tách hafni và zirconi là rất quan trọng trong công nghiệp năng lượng hạt nhân, do zirconi là kim loại phủ thanh nhiên liệu rất tốt, với tính chất mong muốn là tiết diện bắt neutron rất thấp và có độ ổn định hóa học tốt ở các nhiệt độ cao. Tuy nhiên, do các tính chất hấp thụ neutron của hafni, các tạp chất zirconi trong hafni lại làm cho nó ít hữu ích hơn trong các ứng dụng lò phản ứng hạt nhân. Vì thế việc tách gần như hoàn toàn của zirconi và hafni là cần thiết để sử dụng trong công nghiệp năng lượng hạt nhân. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbide_hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbide hafni (trang không tồn tại)">Carbide hafni</a> là <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t_nh%E1%BB%8B_nguy%C3%AAn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hợp chất nhị nguyên (trang không tồn tại)">hợp chất nhị nguyên</a> chịu lửa tốt nhất đã biết, với <a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">điểm nóng chảy</a> trên 3.890<a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_Celsius" title="Độ Celsius">°C</a>, và nitride hafni là nitride khó nóng chảy nhất đã biết trong số tất cả các nitride kim loại, với điểm nóng chảy là 3.310<a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_Celsius" title="Độ Celsius">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-lanl72_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Điều này đã dẫn tới các đề xuất rằng hafni hay các carbide của nó có thể là hữu ích như là vật liệu kết cấu và xây dựng phải hoạt động trong môi trường nhiệt độ cao. </p><p>Kim loại này không bị các chất kiềm đậm đặc ăn mòn, nhưng các <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> phản ứng với nó để tạo ra tetrahalua hafni<sup id="cite_ref-lanl72_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl72-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ở nhiệt độ cao, hafni phản ứng với <a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">oxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ">nitơ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacbon">cacbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo" class="mw-disambig" title="Bo">bo</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh">lưu huỳnh</a> và <a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic">silic</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Đồng phân hạt nhân">Đồng phân hạt nhân</a> Hf-178-m2 là nguồn của các tầng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tia_gama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tia gama (trang không tồn tại)">tia gama</a> với năng lượng tổng cộng là 2,45 <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a> trên mỗi phân rã<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Nó đáng chú ý do nó có năng lượng kích thích cao nhất trong số các đồng phân hạt nhân tồn tại tương đối lâu của bất kỳ nguyên tố nào. Một gam Hf-178-m2 tinh khiết chứa khoảng 1.330 MJ năng lượng, tương đương với năng lượng giải phóng ra từ khoảng 317 kilôgam (700 pao) <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotoluen" title="Trinitrotoluen">TNT</a> khi nổ. Các ứng dụng (có thể) cần có sự tập trung năng lượng cao như vậy là đáng quan tâm. Ví dụ, nó đã được nghiên cứu như là nguồn năng lượng có thể cho các <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> tia gama<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ứng_dụng"><span id=".E1.BB.A8ng_d.E1.BB.A5ng"></span>Ứng dụng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Ứng dụng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Ứng dụng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hafni được dùng làm các thanh kiểm soát cho các <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Lò phản ứng hạt nhân">lò phản ứng hạt nhân</a> do khả năng hấp thụ neutron cao của nó, cũng như do các tính chất cơ lý tuyệt vời và khả năng chống ăn mòn tốt. Các ứng dụng khác có: </p> <ul><li>Trong môi trường đầy khí và các <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%A8n_n%C3%B3ng_s%C3%A1ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Đèn nóng sáng (trang không tồn tại)">đèn nóng sáng</a>, để hấp thụ oxy và nitơ sót lại,</li> <li>Như là điện cực trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%E1%BA%AFt_plasma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cắt plasma (trang không tồn tại)">cắt plasma</a> do khả năng phóng electron vào trong không khí của nó,</li> <li>Trong các hợp kim với <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt">sắt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan">titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi">niobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantali">tantali</a> và các kim loại khác.</li> <li>Các hợp chất gốc hafni được dùng làm các chất cách điện <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%E1%BB%95ng_(tranzito)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cổng (tranzito) (trang không tồn tại)">cổng tranzito</a> trong thế hệ 45&#160;nm của các mạch IC từ <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> và một số hãng khác<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Các hợp chất gốc oxide hafni là các chất với <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%B1ng_s%E1%BB%91_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_m%C3%B4i" title="Hằng số điện môi">hằng số điện môi</a> cao, cho phép giảm dòng điện rò rỉ và cải thiện hiệu năng ở quy mô nano như thế<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> của Bộ quốc phòng Hoa Kỳ đã từng cấp vốn không liên tục cho các chương trình tại Hoa Kỳ để xác định khả năng sử dụng <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Đồng phân hạt nhân">đồng phân hạt nhân</a> của hafni (Hf-178-m2) để chế tạo các vũ khí nhỏ nhưng hiệu suất cao với cơ chế kích thích tia X đơn giản—một ứng dụng của <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BB%A9c_x%E1%BA%A1_gama_c%E1%BA%A3m_%E1%BB%A9ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bức xạ gama cảm ứng (trang không tồn tại)">bức xạ gama cảm ứng</a></i>. Công việc này tiếp theo sau trên 20 năm nghiên cứu nền tảng của cộng đồng quốc tế<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> trong việc tìm cách thức giải phóng năng lượng đã lưu trữ theo nhu cầu. Có sự phản đối đáng kể đối với chương trình này, vì ý tưởng này có thể không hoạt động<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> cũng như do các quốc gia không tham dự có thể cảm thấy "lỗ hổng vũ khí đồng phân" (được tưởng tượng ra) có thể biện hộ cho sự phát triển trong tương lai của họ và cho việc dự trữ các vũ khí hạt nhân thông thường. Một đề xuất liên quan là sử dụng cùng một đồng phân này để cấp năng lượng cho các <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bay_kh%C3%B4ng_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_l%C3%A1i&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tàu bay không người lái (trang không tồn tại)">tàu bay không người lái</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> để chúng có thể bay trong không trung trong vài tháng.</li> <li>Bổ sung một lượng nhỏ hafni sẽ làm tăng sự bám dính chặt của các vảy oxide bảo vệ trên các hợp kim <a href="/wiki/Niken" class="mw-redirect" title="Niken">niken</a>. Bằng cách đó, nó cải thiện khả năng chống ăn mòn, đặc biệt là trong các điều kiện nhiệt độ biến đổi theo chu kỳ, do xu hướng phá vỡ các lớp vảy oxide bởi gây ra ứng suất nhiệt giữa khối kim loại và lớp oxide khi nhiệt độ biến đổi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lịch_sử"><span id="L.E1.BB.8Bch_s.E1.BB.AD"></span>Lịch sử</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Lịch sử”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Lịch sử"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bảng tuần hoàn năm 1869 của <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Ivanovich_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev">Mendeleev</a> đã dự báo khả năng tồn tại của nguyên tố nặng với tính chất tương tự <a href="/wiki/Titan" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan">titan</a> và <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">zirconi</a>, nhưng năm 1871 Mendeleev đã đặt <a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">lanthan</a> (nguyên tố số 57) vào vị trí này. </p><p>Sự tồn tại của lỗ hổng trong bảng tuần hoàn cho nguyên tố vẫn chưa được phát hiện số 72 đã được <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Moseley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Moseley (trang không tồn tại)">Henry Moseley</a> dự đoán năm 1914. Hafni được đặt tên theo tên gọi trong <a href="/wiki/Latinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinh">tiếng La tinh</a> để chỉ <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> là <i>Hafnia</i>, quê hương của <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>. Nó được <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirk_Coster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirk Coster (trang không tồn tại)">Dirk Coster</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Hevesy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg von Hevesy (trang không tồn tại)">Georg von Hevesy</a> phát hiện năm <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> tại Copenhagen, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90an_M%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Đan Mạch">Đan Mạch</a>, hợp lệ hóa dự báo gốc năm 1869 của Mendeleev. Rất nhanh sau đó, nguyên tố mới được dự báo là gắn với <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">zirconi</a> bằng cách sử dụng các thuyết của Bohr về nguyên tử, và cuối cùng nó đã được tìm thấy trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziricon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziricon (trang không tồn tại)">ziricon</a> thông qua phân tích <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phổ học">phổ học</a> <a href="/wiki/Tia_X" title="Tia X">tia X</a> tại <a href="/wiki/Na_Uy" title="Na Uy">Na Uy</a>. </p><p>Hafni được Jantzen và von Hevesey tách ra từ zirconi thông qua tái kết tinh nhắc lại của các fluoride kép <a href="/wiki/Amoni" title="Amoni">amoni</a> hay <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">kali</a>. Hafni kim loại lần đầu tiên được <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_Eduard_van_Arkel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton Eduard van Arkel (trang không tồn tại)">Anton Eduard van Arkel</a> và Jan Hendrik de Boer điều chế bằng cho hơi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraiodua_hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraiodua hafni (trang không tồn tại)">tetraiodua hafni</a> chạy qua sợi <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram</a> nóng. Quy trình này để tinh lọc phân dị Zr và Hf vẫn còn được sử dụng cho tới nay. </p><p>Khoa Khoa học của <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Copenhagen" title="Đại học Copenhagen">Đại học Copenhagen</a> sử dụng hình ảnh cách điệu hóa của nguyên tử hafni trong con dấu của mình. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phổ_biến"><span id="Ph.E1.BB.95_bi.E1.BA.BFn"></span>Phổ biến</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phổ biến”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phổ biến"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Người ta ước tính hafni chiếm khoảng 0,00058% khối lượng <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_v%E1%BB%8F_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t)" title="Lớp vỏ (địa chất)">lớp vỏ</a> trên của <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trái Đất">Trái Đất</a>. Nó được tìm thấy trong các hợp chất của <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">zirconi</a> tự nhiên nhưng không tồn tại ở dạng tự do. Các <a href="/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Khoáng vật">khoáng vật</a> chứa zirconi, như alvit [(Hf, <a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori">Th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi">Zr</a>)<a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic">Si</a><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">O</a><sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nước">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thortveitit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thortveitit (trang không tồn tại)">thortveitit</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziricon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziricon (trang không tồn tại)">ziricon</a> (ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>), thông thường cũng chứa khoảng 1 tới 5% hafni. Hafni và zirconi gần như đồng nhất về mặt hóa học, điều đó làm chúng rất khó tách khỏi nhau. Khoảng một nửa toàn bộ hafni kim loại được sản xuất ra như là phụ phẩm của việc tinh chế zirconi. Nó được thực hiện thông qua khử <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloride_hafni_(IV)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloride hafni (IV) (trang không tồn tại)">chloride hafni (IV)</a> bằng <a href="/wiki/Magi%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Magiê">magiê</a> hay <a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri">natri</a> trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quy_tr%C3%ACnh_Kroll&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quy trình Kroll (trang không tồn tại)">quy trình Kroll</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Hafnium_pellets_with_a_thin_oxide_layer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hafnium_pellets_with_a_thin_oxide_layer.jpg/250px-Hafnium_pellets_with_a_thin_oxide_layer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hafnium_pellets_with_a_thin_oxide_layer.jpg/500px-Hafnium_pellets_with_a_thin_oxide_layer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="8976" data-file-height="3582" /></a><figcaption>Một cục hafni bị oxy hóa một mặt, thể hiện các hiệu ứng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quang_h%E1%BB%8Dc_m%C3%A0ng_m%E1%BB%8Fng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Quang học màng mỏng (trang không tồn tại)">quang học màng mỏng</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Các loại quặng chính của ziricon (và vì thế là của hafni) là các loại quặng trầm tích <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1t_kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_n%E1%BA%B7ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cát khoáng vật nặng (trang không tồn tại)">cát khoáng vật nặng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pecmatit" title="Pecmatit">pegmatit</a> có ở <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> và <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cacbonatit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cacbonatit (trang không tồn tại)">cacbonatit</a> xâm nhập có ở mỏ đa kim Crown tại núi Weld, Tây <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ac" title="Úc">Australia</a>. Nguồn tiềm năng của hafni là đá tuff trachyt chứa các silicat hiếm của zircon-hafni là <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudialyt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudialyt (trang không tồn tại)">eudialyt</a> hay armostrongit, tại <a href="/wiki/Dubbo" title="Dubbo">Dubbo</a> ở <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phòng_ngừa"><span id="Ph.C3.B2ng_ng.E1.BB.ABa"></span>Phòng ngừa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phòng ngừa”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phòng ngừa"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Càn cẩn thận khi gia công hafni bằng máy, do giống như zirconi, khi bị phân chia thành các hạt mịn, nó có thể bắt cháy ngay trong không khí. Các hợp chất chứa hafni rất ít người có cơ hội tiếp xúc. Dạng kim loại tinh khiết được coi là không độc hại, nhưng các hợp chất của hafni thì cần cẩn thận khi tiếp xúc do dạng ion cả nó có xác suất độc hại rất cao, thử nghiệm một số hợp chất của hafni một cách hạn chế trên động vật đã được tiến hành. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đồng_vị"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.93ng_v.E1.BB.8B"></span>Đồng vị</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đồng vị”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đồng vị"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hafni có 5 đồng vị ổn định cùng một loạt các đồng vị không ổn định với nguyên tử lượng từ 153 tới 188. Theo tỷ lệ phổ biến thì Hf<sup>180</sup> (35,1&#160;%), Hf<sup>178</sup> (27,297&#160;%), Hf<sup>177</sup> (18,606&#160;%) và Hf<sup>179</sup> (13,629&#160;%) và Hf<sup>176</sup> (5,206&#160;%) là phổ biến nhất, chiếm tổng cộng 99,84% toàn bộ các đồng vị tự nhiên của hafni. Chúng cũng là các đồng vị ổn định. Đồng vị phóng xạ có trong tự nhiên là Hf<sup>174</sup> với <a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C3%A1n_r%C3%A3" title="Chu kỳ bán rã">chu kỳ bán rã</a> 2×10<sup>15</sup> năm, chiếm 0,162%. Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp ổn định nhất là Hf<sup>182</sup> có chu kỳ bán rã 9×10<sup>6</sup> năm. Đa phần các đồng vị khác và đồng phân hạt nhân có chu kỳ bán rã rất nhỏ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hợp_chất"><span id="H.E1.BB.A3p_ch.E1.BA.A5t"></span>Hợp chất</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sửa đổi phần “Hợp chất”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Hợp chất"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t_hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thể loại:Hợp chất hafni (trang không tồn tại)">Hợp chất hafni</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xem_thêm"><span id="Xem_th.C3.AAm"></span>Xem thêm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sửa đổi phần “Xem thêm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Xem thêm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n" title="Đồng phân hạt nhân">Đồng phân hạt nhân</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BB%A9c_x%E1%BA%A1_gama_c%E1%BA%A3m_%E1%BB%A9ng&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bức xạ gama cảm ứng (trang không tồn tại)">Bức xạ gama cảm ứng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziricon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziricon (trang không tồn tại)">Ziricon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-magnet-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-magnet_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112012253/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 12 tháng 1 năm 2012 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174Hf2020-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174Hf2020_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72849786">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCaraccioloNagornyBelliBernabei2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Caracciolo, V.; Nagorny, S.; Belli, P.; và đồng nghiệp (2020). "Search for α decay of naturally occurring Hf-nuclides using a Cs<sub>2</sub>HfCl<sub>6</sub> scintillator". <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>. Quyển&#160;1002 số&#160;121941. tr.&#160;121941. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Truy cập miễn phí"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01373">2005.01373</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NuPhA100221941C">2020NuPhA100221941C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2020.121941">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121941</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218487451">218487451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&amp;rft.atitle=Search+for+%CE%B1+decay+of+naturally+occurring+Hf-nuclides+using+a+Cs%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EHfCl%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E+scintillator&amp;rft.volume=1002&amp;rft.issue=121941&amp;rft.pages=121941&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2005.01373&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218487451%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2020.121941&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NuPhA100221941C&amp;rft.aulast=Caracciolo&amp;rft.aufirst=V.&amp;rft.au=Nagorny%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Belli%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Bernabei%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Cappella%2C+F.&amp;rft.au=Cerulli%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Incicchitti%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Laubenstein%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Merlo%2C+V&amp;rft.au=Nisi%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Được cho là trải qua quá trình <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">phân rã alpha</a> thành <b><sup>172</sup>Yb</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Được cho là trải qua quá trình <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">phân rã alpha</a> thành <b><sup>173</sup>Yb</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Được cho là trải qua quá trình <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">phân rã alpha</a> thành <b><sup>174</sup>Yb</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Được cho là trải qua quá trình <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">phân rã alpha</a> thành <b><sup>175</sup>Yb</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Được cho là trải qua quá trình <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_alpha" title="Phân rã alpha">phân rã alpha</a> thành <b><sup>176</sup>Yb</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1989/in89031.html">United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation - Washington D.C. 20555, ngày 22 tháng 3 năm 1989</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnic.jp/english//newsletter/nit111/nit111articles/nit111hafnium.html">CNIC- Damage and cracking in BWR control rods</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">A. K. Shikov, O. V. Bocharov, V. M. Arzhakova, V. N. Bezumov, Yu. A. Perlovich, M. G. Isaenkova, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/xn8t872222l65303/">Use of Hafnium in Control Elements of Nuclear Reactors and Power Units</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Fng" title="Wikipedia:Liên kết hỏng"><span title="&#160;kể từ ngày 11 tháng 3 năm 2021">liên kết hỏng</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup>, <i>Metal Science and Heat Treatment</i>, Volume 45, Numbers 7-8, 300-303, <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1027392604745">10.1023/A:1027392604745</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:8FBDmeeRklsJ:www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/31/008/31008488.pdf+hafnium%2Bcontrol+rod%2Bnuclear+reactor&amp;hl=vi&amp;gl=vn&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESgHzkX4ItqUSau90BZcUMNHGVkhPFU7-k9ZsnbvWnY6SlEaFU9sLMGwddVCH-ZEH4wZgwmfHJ3dmIA0sCZ5JWylRMyNaG220cuFdULZtYhjfWhJrUOG8UOXVlNlTMkITB0D-Es2&amp;sig=AHIEtbQyE6K8vFzLylGRBDCjGx6Hvo1hBw&amp;pli=1">Dysprosium and Hafnium base absorbers for advanced WWER control rods</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lanl72-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lanl72_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lanl72_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602014423/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/72.html">"Phòng thí nghiệm quốc gia Los Alamos – Hafni"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/72.html">Bản gốc</a> lưu trữ ngày 2 tháng 6 năm 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ph%C3%B2ng+th%C3%AD+nghi%E1%BB%87m+qu%E1%BB%91c+gia+Los+Alamos+%E2%80%93+Hafni&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2Felements%2F72.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/nuclide.asp?iZA=720778">WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921201650/http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/nuclide.asp?iZA=720778">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 21 tháng 9 năm 2008 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dự án đồng vị Phòng thí nghiệm quốc gia Lawrence Berkeley và Đại học Lund.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite id="CITEREFC._B._Collins_và_ctv.2004" class="citation magazine cs1">C. 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New York Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Intel+Says+Chips+Will+Run+Faster%2C+Using+Less+Power&amp;rft.date=2007-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Markoff&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F27%2Ftechnology%2F27chip.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite id="CITEREFFulton_III2007" class="citation news cs1">Fulton III, Scott M. (ngày 27 tháng 1 năm 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.betanews.com/article/Intel_Reinvents_the_Transistor/1169872301">"Intel Reinvents the Transistor"</a>. BetaNews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 1 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Intel+Reinvents+the+Transistor&amp;rft.date=2007-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Fulton+III&amp;rft.aufirst=Scott+M.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.betanews.com%2Farticle%2FIntel_Reinvents_the_Transistor%2F1169872301&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2007" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Jordan (ngày 27 tháng 1 năm 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/27/AR2007012700152.html">"Intel, IBM reveal transistor overhaul"</a>. AP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Intel%2C+IBM+reveal+transistor+overhaul&amp;rft.date=2007-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Jordan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F27%2FAR2007012700152.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hafniumisomer.org/isomer/IGEhistory.htm">Lịch sử bức xạ gama cảm ứng</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102211825/http://www.hafniumisomer.org/isomer/IGEhistory.htm">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 2 tháng 1 năm 2009 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Trung tâm điện tử lượng tử, Đại học Texas tại Dallas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwarzschild2004" class="citation web cs1">Schwarzschild, Bertram (tháng 5 năm 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219034444/http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-57/iss-5/p21.html">"Conflicting Results on a Long-Lived Nuclear Isomer of Hafnium Have Wider Implications"</a>. Physics Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-57/iss-5/p21.html">Bản gốc</a> lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Conflicting+Results+on+a+Long-Lived+Nuclear+Isomer+of+Hafnium+Have+Wider+Implications&amp;rft.pub=Physics+Today&amp;rft.date=2004-05&amp;rft.aulast=Schwarzschild&amp;rft.aufirst=Bertram&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fpt%2Fvol-57%2Fiss-5%2Fp21.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3406-nuclearpowered-drone-aircraft-on-drawing-board.html">"Nuclear-powered drone aircraft on drawing board"</a>. New Scientist<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nuclear-powered+drone+aircraft+on+drawing+board&amp;rft.pub=New+Scientist&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn3406-nuclearpowered-drone-aircraft-on-drawing-board.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228054038/http://www.alkane.com.au/projects/nsw/dubbo/DZP%20Summary%20June07.pdf">"Dubbo Zirconia Project Fact Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Alkane Resources Limited. 6-2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alkane.com.au/projects/nsw/dubbo/DZP%20Summary%20June07.pdf">Bản gốc</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> lưu trữ ngày 28 tháng 2 năm 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 9 năm 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dubbo+Zirconia+Project+Fact+Sheet&amp;rft.pub=Alkane+Resources+Limited&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alkane.com.au%2Fprojects%2Fnsw%2Fdubbo%2FDZP%2520Summary%2520June07.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Ch%C3%BA_th%C3%ADch_web" title="Bản mẫu:Chú thích web">Chú thích web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:L%E1%BB%97i_CS1#bad_date" title="Trợ giúp:Lỗi CS1">trợ giúp</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72849786" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_Arkel_A.E.,_de_Boer_J.H.1925" class="citation magazine cs1">van Arkel A.E., de Boer J.H. (1925). "Preparation of pure titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and thorium metal". <i>Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie</i>. Quyển&#160;148. tr.&#160;<span class="nowrap">345–</span>350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Anorganische+und+Allgemeine+Chemie&amp;rft.atitle=Preparation+of+pure+titanium%2C+zirconium%2C+hafnium%2C+and+thorium+metal&amp;rft.volume=148&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E350&amp;rft.date=1925&amp;rft.au=van+Arkel+A.E.%2C+de+Boer+J.H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AHafni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scerri E.R., Prediction of the Nature of Hafnium from Chemistry, Bohr's Theory and Quantum Theory, Annals of Science, 51, 137-150, (1994)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafni&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hafnium?uselang=vi">Hafni</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71936381" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70981351" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/60px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/120px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Tra <i><b><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vi:hafnium" class="extiw" title="wikt:vi:hafnium">hafnium</a></b></i> trong từ điển mở tiếng Việt <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Hf/index.html">WebElements.com – Hafnium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanelements.com/hf.htm">Dữ liệu kỹ thuật và an toàn cho hafni</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@na+@rel+hafnium,+elemental">Ngân hàng dữ liệu các chất nguy hiểm của NLM; Hafni, nguyên tố</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119481053795589302.html">Intel Shifts from Silicon to Lift Chip Performance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/technology/45nm/index.htm?iid=homepage+marquee_45nm">Công nghệ cổng silic 45 nm trên cơ sở hafni của Intel</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%; max-width:1300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72022842">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n_thu_g%E1%BB%8Dn" title="Bản mẫu:Bảng tuần hoàn thu gọn"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n_thu_g%E1%BB%8Dn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Bảng tuần hoàn thu gọn (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n_thu_g%E1%BB%8Dn&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn">Bảng tuần hoàn</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m" title="Kim loại kiềm">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m_th%E1%BB%95" title="Kim loại kiềm thổ">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_5" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_7" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_8" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_9" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_10" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_11" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_12" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_Bo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm Bo">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 14">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nit%C6%A1" title="Nhóm nitơ">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_16" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 16">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_hi%E1%BA%BFm" title="Khí hiếm">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 1">1</a> </td> <td title="H, Hydro" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Heli" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Li, Lithi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryli" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryli" title="Beryli"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Bor" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="N, Nitơ" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="O, Oxy" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="F, Fluor" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Na, Natri" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Nhôm" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Si, Silic" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphor" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="S, Lưu huỳnh" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlor" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 4">4</a> </td> <td title="K, Kali" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calci" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calci" title="Calci"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandi" title="Scandi"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titani" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Cr, Crom" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Crom" class="mw-redirect" title="Crom"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mn, Mangan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Fe, Sắt" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Co, Coban" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Coban" class="mw-redirect" title="Coban"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Ni, Niken" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niken" class="mw-redirect" title="Niken"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cu, Đồng" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zn, Kẽm" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gali" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Ge, Gecmani" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gecmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Gecmani"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Se, Selen" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" class="mw-redirect" title="Selen"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Br, Brom" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rb, Rubidi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Sr, Stronti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttri"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molypden" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molypden" class="mw-redirect" title="Molypden"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tc, Tecneti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecneti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecneti"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ru, Rutheni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Pd, Paladi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladi" title="Paladi"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Ag, Bạc" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadimi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadimi"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="In, Indi" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indi" title="Indi"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Sn, Thiếc" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFc" title="Thiếc"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimon" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Te, Telu" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telu" class="mw-redirect" title="Telu"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title=" I , Iod" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="display:block">&#8201;I&#8201;</span></a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Cs, Caesi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesi" title="Caesi"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Ba, Bari" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="La, Lantan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantan"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Ce, Xeri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi" title="Praseodymi"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Pm, Prometi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prometi"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samari" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolini" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbi" title="Terbi"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosi" title="Dysprosi"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thuli" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuli"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbi"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lu, Luteti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:2px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantan"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="W, Wolfram" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Re, Rheni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rheni" title="Rheni"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridi" title="Iridi"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platin" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Au, Vàng" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Hg, Thủy ngân" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thủy ngân"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tl, Tali" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tali"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Pb, Chì" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Po, Poloni" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="At, Astatin" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fr, Franci" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radi" title="Radi"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actini" title="Actini"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Th, Thori" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="U, Urani" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Urani" title="Urani"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptuni" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptuni" title="Neptuni"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutoni" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Am, Americi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americi" title="Americi"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curi" class="mw-redirect" title="Curi"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkeli" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkeli" title="Berkeli"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californi" title="Californi"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteini" title="Einsteini"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevi" title="Mendelevi"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="No, Nobeli" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobeli" title="Nobeli"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrenci" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrenci" title="Lawrenci"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubni" title="Dubni"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgi" title="Seaborgi"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohri" title="Bohri"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitneri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgeni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernici" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihoni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovi" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermori" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; 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