CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>2 Kings 3:4 Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he would render to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_kings/3-4.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/6/12_2Ki_03_04.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Kings 3:4 - Joram Overcomes Moab's Rebellion" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he would render to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/2_kings/3-4.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/2_kings/3-4.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/2_kings/">2 Kings</a> > <a href="/2_kings/3.htm">Chapter 3</a> > Verse 4</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad4.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/2_kings/3-3.htm" title="2 Kings 3:3">◄</a> 2 Kings 3:4 <a href="/2_kings/3-5.htm" title="2 Kings 3:5">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/2_kings/3.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/2_kings/3.htm">New International Version</a> Now Mesha king of Moab raised sheep, and he had to pay the king of Israel a tribute of a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/nlt/2_kings/3.htm">New Living Translation</a> King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. He used to pay the king of Israel an annual tribute of 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/esv/2_kings/3.htm">English Standard Version</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he had to deliver to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/bsb/2_kings/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he would render to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/kjv/2_kings/3.htm">King James Bible</a> And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and rendered unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool. <a href="/nkjv/2_kings/3.htm">New King James Version</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheepbreeder, and he regularly paid the king of Israel one hundred thousand lambs and the wool of one hundred thousand rams. <a href="/nasb_/2_kings/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Now Mesha the king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he used to make tribute payments to the king of Israel of a hundred thousand lambs, and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/nasb/2_kings/3.htm">NASB 1995</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and used to pay the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/nasb77/2_kings/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and used to pay the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/lsb/2_kings/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder and used to pay the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/amp/2_kings/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Mesha the king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he used to pay [an annual tribute] to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/csb/2_kings/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. He used to pay the king of Israel one hundred thousand lambs and the wool of one hundred thousand rams, <a href="/hcsb/2_kings/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. He used to pay the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams, <a href="/asv/2_kings/3.htm">American Standard Version</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master; and he rendered unto the king of Israel the wool of a hundred thousand lambs, and of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/cev/2_kings/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> For many years the country of Moab had been controlled by Israel and was forced to pay taxes to the kings of Israel. King Mesha of Moab raised sheep, so he paid the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams. <a href="/erv/2_kings/3.htm">English Revised Version</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster; and he rendered unto the king of Israel the wool of an hundred thousand lambs, and of an hundred thousand rams. <a href="/gwt/2_kings/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> King Mesha of Moab raised sheep. [Each year] he had to pay the king of Israel 100,000 male lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams. <a href="/gnt/2_kings/3.htm">Good News Translation</a> King Mesha of Moab raised sheep, and every year he gave as tribute to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 sheep. <a href="/isv/2_kings/3.htm">International Standard Version</a> Meanwhile, Moab's king Mesha was a sheep breeder. He used to pay 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel as tribute. <a href="/msb/2_kings/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he would render to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/net/2_kings/3.htm">NET Bible</a> Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. He would send as tribute to the king of Israel 100,000 male lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. <a href="/nheb/2_kings/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder; and he rendered to the king of Israel the wool of one hundred thousand lambs, and of one hundred thousand rams. <a href="/wbt/2_kings/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master, and rendered to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs, and a hundred thousand rams, with the wool. <a href="/web/2_kings/3.htm">World English Bible</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep breeder; and he supplied the king of Israel with one hundred thousand lambs and the wool of one hundred thousand rams. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/2_kings/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master, and he rendered to the king of Israel one hundred thousand lambs and one hundred thousand rams, [with] wool, <a href="/ylt/2_kings/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master, and he rendered to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs, and a hundred thousand rams, with wool, <a href="/slt/2_kings/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And Misha king of Moab was a shepherd, and he turned back to the king of Israel a hundred; thousand lambs and a hundred thousand rams, with the fleece.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/2_kings/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Now Mesa, king of Moab, nourished many sheep, and he paid to the king of Israel a hundred thousand lambs, and a hundred thousand rams with their fleeces. <a href="/cpdv/2_kings/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Now Mesha, the king of Moab, raised many sheep. And he repaid to the king of Israel one hundred thousand lambs, and one hundred thousand rams, with their fleece. <a href="/nabre/2_kings/3.htm">New American Bible</a> Now Mesha, king of Moab, who raised sheep, used to pay the king of Israel as tribute a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/nrsvce/2_kings/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder, who used to deliver to the king of Israel one hundred thousand lambs, and the wool of one hundred thousand rams.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/2_kings/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and he used to bring up to the king of Israel a hundred thousand fat lambs and a hundred thousand rams, with their wool. <a href="/hpbt/2_kings/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And Misha, King of Moab, was a Sheep Master, and he had been offering to the King of Israel a hundred thousand fatlings of sheep and a hundred thousand rams of wool.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/2_kings/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master; and he rendered unto the king of Israel the wool of a hundred thousand lambs, and of a hundred thousand rams. <a href="/sep/2_kings/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And Mosa king of Moab was a sheep-master, and he rendered to the king of Israel in the beginning of the year, a hundred thousand lambs, and a hundred thousand rams, with the wool. <a href="/parallel/2_kings/3-4.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FiLs3w_mMFQ?start=622" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/2_kings/3.htm">Joram Overcomes Moab's Rebellion</a> …3Nevertheless, he clung to the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit; he did not turn away from them. 4<a href="/hebrew/4338.htm" title="4338: ū·mê·ša‘ (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- Deliverance, king of Moab. A variation for Meysha'; safety; Mesha, a Moabite.">Now Mesha</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: me·leḵ- (N-msc) -- King. From malak; a king.">king</a> <a href="/hebrew/4124.htm" title="4124: mō·w·’āḇ (N-proper-fs) -- A son of Lot, also his desc. and the territory where they settled. ">of Moab</a> <a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: hā·yāh (V-Qal-Perf-3ms) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass.">was</a> <a href="/hebrew/5349.htm" title="5349: nō·qêḏ (N-ms) -- Sheep raiser, sheep dealer, sheep tender. Active participle from the same as naqod; a spotter, i.e. The owner or tender.">a sheep breeder,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7725.htm" title="7725: wə·hê·šîḇ (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConjPerf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to turn back transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively; generally to retreat; often adverbial, again.">and he would render</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: lə·me·leḵ- (Prep-l:: N-msc) -- King. From malak; a king.">to the king</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity.">of Israel</a> <a href="/hebrew/3967.htm" title="3967: mê·’āh- (Number-fs) -- Hundred. Or metyah; properly, a primitive numeral; a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction.">a hundred</a> <a href="/hebrew/505.htm" title="505: ’e·lep̄ (Number-ms) -- A thousand. Prop, the same as 'eleph; hence a thousand.">thousand</a> <a href="/hebrew/3733.htm" title="3733: kā·rîm (N-mp) -- From karar in the sense of plumpness; a ram, including a battering-ram; hence, a meadow; also a pad or camel's saddle.">lambs</a> <a href="/hebrew/6785.htm" title="6785: ṣā·mer (N-ms) -- Wool. From an unused root probably meaning to be shaggy; wool.">and the wool</a> <a href="/hebrew/3967.htm" title="3967: ū·mê·’āh (Conj-w:: Number-fs) -- Hundred. Or metyah; properly, a primitive numeral; a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction.">of a hundred</a> <a href="/hebrew/505.htm" title="505: ’e·lep̄ (Number-ms) -- A thousand. Prop, the same as 'eleph; hence a thousand.">thousand</a> <a href="/hebrew/352.htm" title="352: ’ê·lîm (N-mp) -- From the same as 'uwl; properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically a chief; also a ram; a pilaster; an oak or other strong tree.">rams.</a> 5But after the death of Ahab, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/1_kings/22-47.htm">1 Kings 22:47</a> And there was no king in Edom; a deputy served as king. <a href="/1_kings/9-26.htm">1 Kings 9:26-28</a> King Solomon also assembled a fleet of ships at Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth in Edom, on the shore of the Red Sea. / And Hiram sent his servants, sailors who knew the sea, to serve in the fleet with Solomon’s servants. / They sailed to Ophir and imported gold from there—420 talents—and delivered it to Solomon. <a href="/2_kings/1-1.htm">2 Kings 1:1</a> After the death of Ahab, Moab rebelled against Israel. <a href="/2_kings/8-20.htm">2 Kings 8:20-22</a> In the days of Jehoram, Edom rebelled against the hand of Judah and appointed their own king. / So Jehoram crossed over to Zair with all his chariots. When the Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, he rose up and attacked by night. His troops, however, fled to their homes. / So to this day Edom has been in rebellion against the hand of Judah. Likewise, Libnah rebelled at the same time. <a href="/2_samuel/8-2.htm">2 Samuel 8:2</a> David also defeated the Moabites, made them lie down on the ground, and measured them off with a cord. He measured off with two lengths those to be put to death, and with one length those to be spared. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute. <a href="/judges/3-12.htm">Judges 3:12-14</a> Once again the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD. So He gave Eglon king of Moab power over Israel, because they had done evil in the sight of the LORD. / After enlisting the Ammonites and Amalekites to join forces with him, Eglon attacked and defeated Israel, taking possession of the City of Palms. / The Israelites served Eglon king of Moab eighteen years. <a href="/isaiah/16-1.htm">Isaiah 16:1-2</a> Send the tribute lambs to the ruler of the land, from Sela in the desert to the mount of Daughter Zion. / Like fluttering birds pushed out of the nest, so are the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon: <a href="/amos/1-1.htm">Amos 1:1</a> These are the words of Amos, who was among the sheepherders of Tekoa—what he saw concerning Israel two years before the earthquake, in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel. <a href="/psalms/60-8.htm">Psalm 60:8</a> Moab is My washbasin; upon Edom I toss My sandal; over Philistia I shout in triumph.” <a href="/jeremiah/48-1.htm">Jeremiah 48:1-2</a> Concerning Moab, this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “Woe to Nebo, for it will be devastated. Kiriathaim will be captured and disgraced; the fortress will be shattered and dismantled. / There is no longer praise for Moab; in Heshbon they devise evil against her: ‘Come, let us cut her off from nationhood.’ You too, O people of Madmen, will be silenced; the sword will pursue you. <a href="/ezekiel/25-8.htm">Ezekiel 25:8-11</a> This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Moab and Seir said, “Look, the house of Judah is like all the other nations,” / therefore I will indeed expose the flank of Moab beginning with its frontier cities—Beth-jeshimoth, Baal-meon, and Kiriathaim—the glory of the land. / I will give it along with the Ammonites as a possession to the people of the East, so that the Ammonites will no longer be remembered among the nations. ... <a href="/matthew/2-1.htm">Matthew 2:1-2</a> After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, / asking, “Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him.” <a href="/luke/3-1.htm">Luke 3:1</a> In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, <a href="/acts/12-20.htm">Acts 12:20</a> Now Herod was in a furious dispute with the people of Tyre and Sidon, and they convened before him. Having secured the support of Blastus, the king’s chamberlain, they asked for peace, because their region depended on the king’s country for food. <a href="/romans/15-4.htm">Romans 15:4</a> For everything that was written in the past was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have hope.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And Mesha king of Moab was a sheep master, and rendered to the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool.a sheepmaster<a href="/genesis/13-2.htm">Genesis 13:2</a> And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.<a href="/genesis/26-13.htm">Genesis 26:13,14</a> And the man waxed great, and went forward, and grew until he became very great: … <a href="/2_chronicles/26-10.htm">2 Chronicles 26:10</a> Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry.rendered<a href="/2_samuel/8-2.htm">2 Samuel 8:2</a> And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.<a href="/1_chronicles/18-2.htm">1 Chronicles 18:2</a> And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.<a href="/psalms/60-8.htm">Psalm 60:8</a> Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe: Philistia, triumph thou because of me.lambs<a href="/isaiah/16-1.htm">Isaiah 16:1</a> Send ye the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the wilderness, unto the mount of the daughter of Zion.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_samuel/7-16.htm">Annually</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-15.htm">Deliver</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-6.htm">Hundred</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-3.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/1_samuel/15-9.htm">Lambs</a> <a href="/genesis/10-30.htm">Mesha</a> <a href="/2_kings/1-1.htm">Moab</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-2.htm">Pay</a> <a href="/1_kings/14-14.htm">Raised</a> <a href="/1_samuel/15-22.htm">Rams</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-25.htm">Regularly</a> <a href="/1_kings/3-28.htm">Rendered</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-17.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/1_kings/17-9.htm">Supply</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-30.htm">Thousand</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-46.htm">Used</a> <a href="/2_samuel/13-24.htm">Wool</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/nehemiah/10-35.htm">Annually</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-10.htm">Deliver</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-26.htm">Hundred</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-5.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/29-21.htm">Lambs</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/2-42.htm">Mesha</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-5.htm">Moab</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-7.htm">Pay</a> <a href="/2_kings/19-22.htm">Raised</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/15-26.htm">Rams</a> <a href="/2_kings/12-11.htm">Regularly</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/32-25.htm">Rendered</a> <a href="/2_kings/5-26.htm">Sheep</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/32-3.htm">Supply</a> <a href="/2_kings/5-5.htm">Thousand</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-11.htm">Used</a> <a href="/job/31-20.htm">Wool</a><div class="vheading2">2 Kings 3</div>1. <a href="/2_kings/3-1.htm">Jehoram's reign</a> 4. <a href="/2_kings/3-4.htm">Mesha rebels</a> 6. <a href="/2_kings/3-6.htm">Jehoram, with Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom, being distressed for want of water, </a> 13. <a href="/2_kings/3-13.htm">by Elisha obtains water, and promise of victory</a> 21. <a href="/2_kings/3-21.htm">The Moabites, deceived by the colour of the water, coming to spoil, are overcome</a> 26. <a href="/2_kings/3-26.htm">The king of Moab sacrifices his son, and raises the siege</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/3.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_kings/3.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>Now Mesha king of Moab Mesha was the king of Moab during the time of the divided kingdom of Israel. Moab was located east of the Dead Sea, in present-day Jordan. The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a tumultuous relationship with Israel. Mesha is also known from the Mesha Stele, an archaeological artifact that provides a Moabite perspective on the events of this period, confirming some biblical accounts.was a sheep breeder Sheep breeding was a common occupation in the ancient Near East, and it was a significant part of the economy. The mention of Mesha as a sheep breeder indicates the wealth and resources of Moab, as sheep were valuable for their wool, meat, and milk. This detail highlights the economic strength of Moab under Mesha's rule.and he would render to the king of Israel This phrase indicates a vassal relationship between Moab and Israel. Moab was subject to Israel, likely as a result of military conquest or political agreement. The tribute paid by Mesha to the king of Israel was a form of submission and acknowledgment of Israel's dominance over Moab at that time.a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams The tribute of lambs and wool was substantial, reflecting the wealth of Moab and the importance of sheep in their economy. This payment was a significant economic burden, illustrating the power dynamics between Israel and Moab. The large numbers emphasize the scale of the tribute and the wealth of the region. This tribute can be seen as a form of taxation imposed by Israel on its vassal state, Moab.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/m/mesha.htm">Mesha</a> The king of Moab, known for his rebellion against Israel. He was a sheep breeder, indicating his wealth and the economic strength of Moab. 2. <a href="/topical/m/moab.htm">Moab</a> A nation located east of the Dead Sea, often in conflict with Israel. Moab's relationship with Israel was complex, involving both subjugation and rebellion. 3. <a href="/topical/k/king_of_israel.htm">King of Israel</a> At this time, the king was likely Jehoram, son of Ahab, who ruled the northern kingdom of Israel. He was involved in the conflict with Moab. 4. <a href="/topical/t/tribute.htm">Tribute</a> A form of payment or tax that Mesha paid to Israel, consisting of livestock and wool, signifying Moab's subjugation and economic contribution to Israel. 5. <a href="/topical/s/sheep_breeder.htm">Sheep Breeder</a> This term highlights Mesha's role and the economic basis of Moab's wealth, which was significant enough to pay such a large tribute.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/u/understanding_tribute_and_subjugation.htm">Understanding Tribute and Subjugation</a> The tribute paid by Mesha to Israel reflects a common practice in ancient times where weaker nations paid stronger ones for protection or as a sign of subjugation. This can remind us of the importance of recognizing authority and the consequences of rebellion. <a href="/topical/e/economic_dependence_and_wealth.htm">Economic Dependence and Wealth</a> Mesha's role as a sheep breeder and the nature of the tribute highlight the economic interdependence between nations. It prompts us to consider how our resources and wealth can be used to serve others and honor God. <a href="/topical/r/rebellion_and_consequences.htm">Rebellion and Consequences</a> Moab's eventual rebellion against Israel, as seen in the broader account, serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of breaking covenants and agreements. <a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_over_nations.htm">God's Sovereignty Over Nations</a> The interactions between Israel and Moab demonstrate God's control over nations and their leaders. We are reminded to trust in God's sovereignty in our own national and personal affairs. <a href="/topical/f/faithfulness_in_obligations.htm">Faithfulness in Obligations</a> The regular payment of tribute by Mesha can be seen as a form of faithfulness to an obligation, encouraging us to be faithful in our commitments and responsibilities.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_kings_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 3</a> <a href="/q/evidence_for_2_kings_3_battle.htm">Is there any archaeological evidence to support this battle’s events and outcome (2 Kings 3)? </a> <a href="/q/how_to_reconcile_2_kings_3_with_other_records.htm">How do we reconcile this account with different details of the Moabite rebellion in other historical records (2 Kings 3)?</a> <a href="/q/what_does_archaeology_reveal_about_the_bible.htm">What does archaeological evidence reveal about the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/does_secular_evidence_match_isaiah_16_14.htm">Isaiah 16:14 states Moab’s glory will end in three years; is there any verifiable evidence or timeline in secular sources matching this prophecy? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_kings/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(4) The revolt of Moab, continued from <a href="/2_kings/1-1.htm" title="Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.">2Kings 1:1</a>. Ahaziah did not reign two full years, and his accident seems to have prevented any attempt on his part to reduce the Moabites.Mesha.--The name means "deliverance, salvation," and occurs on the monument set up by this king, describing his victories and buildings. (See Note on <a href="/2_kings/1-1.htm" title="Then Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.">2Kings 1:1</a>.)A sheep-master.--Heb., noq?d (<a href="/amos/1-1.htm" title="The words of Amos, who was among the herdsmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.">Amos 1:1</a>). In Arabic, naqad means a kind of sheep of superior wool; naqqad, the owner or shepherd of such sheep. The land of Moab is mountainous, but well watered, and rich in fertile valleys, and thus specially suited for pasture; and the Arabian wilderness lay open to the Moabite shepherds and their flocks.Rendered.--Used to render (waw conversive of the perfect); scil., year by year. This tribute is referred to in <a href="/isaiah/16-1.htm" title="Send you the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the wilderness, to the mount of the daughter of Zion.">Isaiah 16:1</a>. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verses 4-27. - THE WAR WITH MOAB. The historian goes back to the origin of the war. He had already, in <a href="/2_kings/1-1.htm">2 Kings 1:1</a>, mentioned the revolt of Moab at the death of Ahab; but he now recalls his readers' attention to the fact, and to some extent explains it and accounts for it. Moab had been treated oppressively - had been forced to pay an extraordinarily heavy tribute - and was in a certain sense driven into rebellion (vers. 4, 5). Jehoram, when he came to the kingdom, determined to make a great effort to put the rebellion down, and to re-establish the authority of Israel over the revolted people His relations with Jehoshaphat of Israel were so close that he had no difficulty in persuading him to join in the war. He was also able to obtain the alliance of the King of Edom. Thus strengthened, he made no doubt of being successful, and confidently invaded the country (vers. 6-9). The course of the war is then related (vers. 10-27). <a href="/commentaries/2_kings/3-4.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>Now Mesha וּמֵישַׁ֥ע (ū·mê·ša‘) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4338.htm">Strong's 4338: </a> Mesha -- 'deliverance', king of Moab king מֶֽלֶךְ־ (me·leḵ-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king of Moab מוֹאָ֖ב (mō·w·’āḇ) Noun - proper - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4124.htm">Strong's 4124: </a> Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled was הָיָ֣ה (hā·yāh) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1961.htm">Strong's 1961: </a> To fall out, come to pass, become, be a sheep breeder, נֹקֵ֑ד (nō·qêḏ) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5349.htm">Strong's 5349: </a> Sheep raiser, sheep dealer, sheep tender and he would render וְהֵשִׁ֤יב (wə·hê·šîḇ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7725.htm">Strong's 7725: </a> To turn back, in, to retreat, again to the king לְמֶֽלֶךְ־ (lə·me·leḵ-) Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (yiś·rā·’êl) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3478.htm">Strong's 3478: </a> Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc a hundred מֵאָה־ (mê·’āh-) Number - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3967.htm">Strong's 3967: </a> A hundred thousand אֶ֣לֶף (’e·lep̄) Number - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_505.htm">Strong's 505: </a> A thousand lambs כָּרִ֔ים (kā·rîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3733.htm">Strong's 3733: </a> A ram, a, battering-ram, a meadow, a pad, camel's saddle and the wool צָֽמֶר׃ (ṣā·mer) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6785.htm">Strong's 6785: </a> Wool of a hundred וּמֵ֥אָה (ū·mê·’āh) Conjunctive waw | Number - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3967.htm">Strong's 3967: </a> A hundred thousand אֶ֖לֶף (’e·lep̄) Number - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_505.htm">Strong's 505: </a> A thousand rams. אֵילִ֥ים (’ê·lîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_352.htm">Strong's 352: </a> Strength, strong, a chief, a ram, a pilaster, an oak, strong tree <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-4.htm">OT History: 2 Kings 3:4 Now Mesha king of Moab was (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_kings/3-3.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Kings 3:3"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Kings 3:3" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_kings/3-5.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Kings 3:5"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Kings 3:5" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>