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src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875247taxb.jpg" alt="Nature Anthropology-logo"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-grow-1 pl-5 pb-2"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center"> <div class="left-title"> <h1 class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> Nature Anthropology <a class="orange-color mb-0" href="/journals/natanthropol/apc"> <img src="/style/image/open_access.png"> Open Access </a> </h1> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-grow-1"> <div class="right-title d-flex align-items-center"> <p class="text-right mr-2">ISSN: 2959-7641 <span>(Online)</span></p> <p class="text-right mr-2">2959-7633 <span>(Print)</span></p> <p class="text-right mr-2"></p> </div> <div class="item-text"> <p><strong>An Official Journal of Shanghai Society of Anthropology </strong></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm"><em>Nature Anthropology</em> is a transnational journal devoted to researches on humankind, encompassing the full range of anthropological scholarship on human origin and diversification. Communicating across the subfields, the journal features papers in a wide variety of areas, including physical, cultural, and social anthropology as well as human genomics and phenomics, population genetics, ethnology and ethnohistory, archaeology and prehistory, folklore, and linguistics. All articles are expected to provide sufficient data and evidences to support certain solid conclusions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-3 book-column"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="book-item-fixed default-hide pt-2 pb-2"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="left-logo mr-3"> <a href="/" alt="Back to the homepage"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="navbar-logo" xml:space="preserve" version="1.0" viewBox="0 0 5.08 1.933"> <path d="M1.021 1.245a.29.29 0 0 1-.211-.054l-.027-.023-.003-.003.056-.066.003.004a.3.3 0 0 0 .043.033.2.2 0 0 0 .128.027l.024-.007.019-.01a.07.07 0 0 0 .022-.032.1.1 0 0 0 0-.036l-.004-.014a.1.1 0 0 0-.016-.02.1.1 0 0 0-.027-.017L.994 1.01.919.98a.3.3 0 0 1-.076-.05.14.14 0 0 1-.034-.067.2.2 0 0 1 0-.06.13.13 0 0 1 .027-.056.2.2 0 0 1 .049-.041A.2.2 0 0 1 .95.683a.3.3 0 0 1 .07-.001.2.2 0 0 1 .06.017.3.3 0 0 1 .075.05l.003.003-.05.061L1.103.81a.2.2 0 0 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Anthropol. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-1 avatar-news-item"> <div class="my-body-container"> <div class="section-heading border-top-0"> <h3 class="section-title"> Editors-in-Chief </h3> </div> <ul class="row mt-3"> <li class="col pb-2 mb-2"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center height100"> <div class="avatar-container"> <a class="avatar-img" href="/journals/natanthropol/editors"> <img src="/uploads/2024/10/24/1729750419ciZf.png" class="avatar img-thumbnail"> </a> </div> <div class="flex-grow-1 ml-3"> <h5>Prof. Li Jin</h5> <p>School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="col pb-2 mb-2"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center height100"> <div class="avatar-container"> <a class="avatar-img" href="/journals/natanthropol/editors"> <img src="/uploads/2023/10/19/1697692356qpyv.png" class="avatar img-thumbnail"> </a> </div> <div class="flex-grow-1 ml-3"> <h5>Prof. Michael Heinrich</h5> <p>School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="articles-list1 mb-3"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Articles <span>(26)</span> <a class="right" href="/journals/natanthropol/articles" target="_blank"> All articles <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <ul class="nav nav-tabs mt-2"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" id="all-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#id-all">Latest published</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="downloaded-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#id-downloaded">Most downloaded</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" id="popular-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#id-popular" role="tab">Most popular</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="id-all"> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Book Review</h4> <span>31 October 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/320">The <i>Shennong’s Herbal Canon</i> for Health Management of Herbal Foods</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The <i>Shennong’s Herbal Canon</i> lays the foundation for the basic theory of herbal combination in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, after the Tang dynasty, the text of this book was nearly entirely lost, with only a short preface and a catalogue of 365 herbs remaining. In <i>Interpretation of Shennong’s Herb Canon and Catalogue of Herbal Foods</i>, molecular anthropologist Hui Li systematically elaborated on the philosophical basis and practical application by starting from the TCM perspective and integrating multi-disciplinary scientific evidence. This book provides scholars with numerous empirical and logically-based scientific hypotheses and offers insights for daily health maintenance.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=LufeiWang" target="_blank"> Lufei Wang* </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/10/31/4ff534bffacc58e6887504be9e21f0bb.jpg" data-lightbox="image-1" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/10/31/4ff534bffacc58e6887504be9e21f0bb.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Review</h4> <span>30 September 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/295">The Jerusalem Megalithic Rock Calendar Is an Identical Representation to That Found in Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands, Spain)</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">We have recently found that a megalithic basaltic rock lunisolar calendar in Lanzarote, Canary Islands (“Quesera or Cheeseboard” of Zonzamas) has almost a twin monument in Jerusalem (Al Quds in Arab). These two unique monuments are on the West and East sides of the Sahara Desert and support the hypothesis of a common “Green” Saharan culture and a later migration of people towards the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Middle East and other areas when desiccation started after 10,000 years BC, thus spreading culture and genes. Traces of this culture can still be found in Iberian rock inscriptions on the Canary Islands and in the Sahara Desert, particularly at Tim-Missaou in Algeria.This is concordant with Usko-Mediterranean languages (Basque and Berber are related and also with Iberian and Etruscan), genetics and other common anthropological traits. In this paper, we analyse the Al Quds-Jerusalem megalithic monument as representing a solar calendar of Egyptian-type (365 days in 1 year) and show how it could be identical to the Lanzarote megalithic calendar (“Quesera or Cheeseboard” of Zonzamas). Both monuments,each crest/channel, are coincidental in each solar month assignment in both Lanzarote and Jerusalem rock calendars representation. Jerusalem’s megalithic calendar was built at least 900 years BC, when it fell out of use. Therefore, it can be assumed that the Lanzarote megalithic calendar was constructed around a similar time, meaning an undetermined period over 2800 years ago.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AntonioArnaiz-Villena" target="_blank"> Antonio Arnaiz-Villena* </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MarcialMedina" target="_blank"> Marcial Medina </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=TomasLledo" target="_blank"> Tomas Lledo </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Valentin-Ruizdel-Valle" target="_blank"> Valentin-Ruiz del-Valle </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=ChristianVaquero-Yuste" target="_blank"> Christian Vaquero-Yuste </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=IgnacioJuarez" target="_blank"> Ignacio Juarez </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=FabioSuarez-Trujillo" target="_blank"> Fabio Suarez-Trujillo </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/09/30/4537d90004ced7c943b140910f85033a.png" data-lightbox="image-2" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/09/30/4537d90004ced7c943b140910f85033a.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>11 September 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/277">Maxillary Molar Enamel Dentine-Junction Shape Differences between Krapina Neanderthals and Modern Humans</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">Archaic and modern humans differ in a range of craniodental features. From a taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective, it is essential to distinguish between species accurately through detailed morphological characterizations. This study analyzes the size and shape variation of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of upper molars from two hominin species, early Neanderthals from Krapina (N = 13) and mid-Holocene European modern humans (N = 14), to assess the extent of their endostructural morphological differentiation. The EDJ was obtained through microtomographic scans of each molar using segmentation procedures. Three-dimensional landmarks semilandmarks and 3D geometric morphometric methods, were employed to investigate EDJ size and shape variation through univariate (<i>t</i>-test), multivariate exploratory, and classification methods (PCA and LDA). The results indicate that the shape of the EDJ and cervix of M<sup>2</sup> differentiates Krapina Neanderthals from mid-Holocene European modern humans with a high degree of accuracy (~85%). Furthermore, EDJ size and dental nonmetric traits expressed in this structure provide additional information that is useful for distinguishing between the two species. Compared to modern humans, Krapina Neanderthals exhibit reduced dental diversity. From an endostructural perspective, this study provides additional insights into early Neanderthals’ morphological diversification relative to modern humans, which is valuable for studying middle and late Pleistocene hominin evolution.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MiguelDelgado" target="_blank"> Miguel Delgado* </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/image/202409/11/e3426266137bf4120fa3ac281470ca44.jpg" data-lightbox="image-3" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/image/202409/11/e3426266137bf4120fa3ac281470ca44.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>07 August 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/244">Land-Tenure Shifts in the Maa Landscapes, Kenya, and the Impacts on Social-Cultural Relations, Structural Power and Social Economic Differentiation</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">In recent years, the expansive pastoralist landscapes in southern Kenya have undergone rapid transformation, the key being a change in the land-tenure system from communal to individual ownership. However, little is known about the complexities influencing these changes and how the changes impact the local people. This study employed qualitative inductive approaches and ethnographic methods, such as participant observation and in-depth interviews. It examined how local and international formal and informal institutions have impacted land tenure changes among the Maa pastoralists living near Chyulu and Tsavo-West national parks. Despite the expected benefits of individual land ownership, the changes have not addressed significant social barriers. These include norms and power structures that disadvantage the poor in the community, as well as women and youth within households. People with higher levels of poverty and fewer or no political connections are marginalized during land adjudication at the community level. At the same time, traditions and customs deny women and youth entitlement to property at the household level. Such groups thus experience land privatisation differently. This article argues that expropriation and unequal abilities to control, access and benefit from land profoundly impact social differentiation among pastoralists. Further, the article illuminates a more-than-human achievement, with wildlife shaping people’s lives through conservation-induced land expropriation, and a more-than-human vulnerability that livestock and wildlife face in the wake of land fragmentation and fencing that restrict their free movement. The article contributes to more significant debates on pastoralist land tenure, property relations, ongoing changes in land control processes, and more-than-human achievements and vulnerabilities.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=DansonKareriMwangi" target="_blank"> Danson Kareri Mwangi* </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/08/07/d9298a3d45d5db049e29f43611ea753d.png" data-lightbox="image-4" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/08/07/d9298a3d45d5db049e29f43611ea753d.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Communication</h4> <span>26 July 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/237">The Project of Constructive Anthropology in Russian Empiriocriticism</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The article analyzes the main provisions of constructive anthropology developed in Russian empirio-criticism in the first quarter of the 20th century. The justification of non-metaphysical philosophy, which developed the “problematic” approach to cognition, made the new understanding of man possible. From this point of view, the essence of man is not a metaphysical constant, but is modeled on the basis of an appropriate organization of experience; the essence of man is determined by his existence and is constantly changing; the essence of man can be consciously adapted by directing his development and giving him the necessary characteristics; man as an essence is always man’s project, or scientific and philosophical concept; only by understanding man as a dynamic project can we justify free will and man’s capacity for creation. The project of constructive anthropology is fundamentally different from the philosophical anthropology developed in Germany in the 20th century by Max Scheler and Helmuth Plessner, since the latter is essentially an attempt to preserve the traditional metaphysical interpretation of man.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Aleksandr E.Rybas" target="_blank"> Aleksandr E. Rybas* </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>19 July 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/233">Disentangling Human Nature: Environment, Evolution and Our Existential Predicament</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">Throughout our entire evolutionary history, the physical environment has played a significant role in shaping humans’ subsistence adaptations. As early humans began to colonise novel biomes and construct ecological niches, their behavioural flexibility appeared as an unquestionable fact. During the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition, the shift from foraging to farming radically altered ecosystem services, resulting in increased exposure to zoonotic pathogens and the emergence of structural inequalities that pervade our current human condition in the Anthropocene epoch. The article seeks to use an anthropological biosocial analysis to explore the diverse evolutionary paths humans have taken, which in turn shape their relationships with the natural world. Given the enigmatic nature of human behavior, it is essential to examine it holistically to understand how different subsistence patterns (e.g., intensive agriculture, foraging, and horticulture) have influenced resilience and adaptation to environmental challenges.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Luis GregorioAbad Espinoza" target="_blank"> Luis Gregorio Abad Espinoza* </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Communication</h4> <span>10 July 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/228">Return Their Names to Forgotten Bones: Memory Process about Spanish Civil War in Ponferrada (León)</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">For more than 80 years, Spain has had a human rights problem. Since the 18th of July 1936, when military personnel and fascists staged a coup d’état against the democratic government of the Second Republic, thousands of victims remain missing. We will examine how the victims have been treated by the State and how civil society has led the process of recovering democratic memory. We will focus on its impact in the Bierzo region, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and its importance in this process. We will also look at how scientific efforts continue to search for missing persons. History, archaeology, physical anthropology, and genetics join forces to repair the victims of the Spanish Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AlejandroRodríguez Gutiérrez" target="_blank"> Alejandro Rodríguez Gutiérrez* </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/image/202407/10/42136b101eb7ea3e13dd6f9317cb5830.jpg" data-lightbox="image-7" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/image/202407/10/42136b101eb7ea3e13dd6f9317cb5830.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Book Review</h4> <span>09 July 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/227">Italian Stories of Archaic Human Forms. Book Review: Manzi, G. <i>Antenati. Lucy e altri racconti dal tempo profondo</i>; Il mulino: Bologna, Italy, 2024; ISBN: 9788815388018</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AlbertoCastaldini" target="_blank"> Alberto Castaldini* </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/image/202407/09/dfdd9415936884be05ae2328da04e25c.jpg" data-lightbox="image-8" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/image/202407/09/dfdd9415936884be05ae2328da04e25c.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>05 July 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/226">Does Philosophy Kill Humor?</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The title of this paper poses a paradoxical question, relating philosophy and humor, and tries<b> </b>to be humorous itself with the use of the verb “kill”. Against a more common, sometimes even academical, view of philosophy as a tremendously serious, deep, and complex corpus of knowledge<b>—</b>all theory and no praxis<b>—</b>the article challenges this view and will try to explain why humor, when associated with philosophy, can accelerate the understanding of a concept, and reveal unexpected spaces for reflection while donating moments of lightness and entertainment. In this perspective, humor reveals itself as a fundamental anthropological experience strongly connected to human freedom. I am aware that there are many different types of humor<b>—</b>irony, joke, slapstick, double-entendre, pun, deadpan-dry humor, etc., and also that the definition of “sense of humor” may be highly subjective, often related to the cultural profile of the person, and their geographical and historical contexts: what I consider funny, can be neutral or even offensive for another person. Nevertheless, among hundreds of interpretations, I will consider those which are more consistent with the scope of this paper. Moreover, if we think about the contemporary movement called <i>philosophical counseling</i> as a praxis that aims to help people in trouble and despair to see human problems from a wider and more rational <i>Weltanschauung </i>(view of the world), humor can become a useful tool to re-discover the frolicsome child inside ourselves: while playing with contrasts, metaphors, and metonymies, it induces a sudden, positive change of perspective. A process that is valid for both the counselor and the counselee, the self and the other: humor can provoke in the counselor a new and fresh way to understand the counselee’s difficulty; for the client, it can be a moment of tension release, or the start of a different way to address and approach life’s problems, or, even more, the beginning of a creative, transformative path.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=PatriziaF.Salvaterra" target="_blank"> Patrizia F. Salvaterra* </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>04 June 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/203">Initial Stages of Development of an Automated Measurement Technique on Incisors</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">Teeth are an important object of studies in many scientific disciplines and, among various study techniques, measurements have one of the most promising prospects for further improvements supported by progress in computer sciences, imaging and image processing. Our recent work on automated odontometric algorithms for premolars and molars has gradually come to develop similar methods for another group of teeth—incisors. Using 3D reconstructions of teeth obtained through micro-focus tomographic scanning, we propose landmarks, which correspond to main morphological features of incisors and enable their formal description. In this article we present an orientation and measurement technique, based on an interpretation of incisor morphology, as a system which is able to perform in a fully automated mode. Since the primary objective of the current paper is to introduce methodological improvements, data on measurements and their results are shown at the most basic level.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=ArmenGaboutchian" target="_blank"> Armen Gaboutchian* </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=VladimirKnyaz" target="_blank"> Vladimir Knyaz </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SergeyVasilyev" target="_blank"> Sergey Vasilyev </a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AnatoliyMaximov" target="_blank"> Anatoliy Maximov </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/06/04/44a769ec2adae34c158fab5d30e1845d.png" data-lightbox="image-10" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/06/04/44a769ec2adae34c158fab5d30e1845d.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="id-downloaded"> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>12 June 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/48">Encounter between Present Female Characters and Neolithic Inscribed Symbols Prior to Oracle-bone Inscriptions</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">Inscribed symbols of Neolithic Age were sometimes suspected to be initial writing prior to developed writing system. The earliest developed writing system in China was Oracle-bone inscriptions (OBIs) of Bronze Age and researchers have long sought its predecessor. Here, we reported that two continuous symbols on a stone ax of Neolithic Liangzhu culture found their identical duplicates in a unique writing system on brocade belts woven by present women in Shanghai suburb. Women in this group duplicated the hereditary text for weddings only once each generation in the past, and they can still interpret these two characters, implying that the two identical Liangzhu symbols may have the similar meanings. The meanings and patterns are both similar to those in OBIs, suggesting that Liangzhu symbols might be one of the predecessors of OBIs. Integrating philology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, we discussed that special small population may inherit both the genetic structure and convert culture for extremely long time, such as this population in southern Shanghai.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> LufeiWang </div> <div class="author-name"> QichengYe </div> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/06/12/9210161918cf2aa029a03099cc786a5a.jpg" data-lightbox="image-1" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/06/12/9210161918cf2aa029a03099cc786a5a.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Letter</h4> <span>15 December 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/94">Have We Been Barking up the Wrong Ancestral Tree? Australopithecines Are Probably Not Our Ancestors</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The dominant paradigm regarding human evolution since the split with <em>Pan</em> considers australopithecines as hominins, i.e., the closest relatives and/or direct ancestors of <em>Homo</em>. Historically, this paradigm started from the assumption that the <em>Homo</em>/<em>Pan</em>/<em>Gorilla</em> last common ancestor was a knuckle-walking ape that evolved into the fully upright (orthograde), obligate bipedal genus Homo, whereas <em>Pan</em> and <em>Gorilla</em> remained knuckle-walkers. Obligate terrestrial upright bipedalism, unique for our species, is an odd locomotor behaviour for a primate. Therefore, it had become generally accepted that a cooler and drier African climate had caused deforestation, which had forced our ancestors to develop upright bipedalism as an adaptation to living on open grassland savannah. This view, already held by Lamarck and Darwin, appeared most parsimonious in the almost complete absence of fossils. The discovery in the 20th century of australopithecine fossils, bipedal apes with small brains, in open country in southern and eastern Africa corroborated the savannah paradigm. Therefore, australopithecines are considered hominins. However, it is now recognized that most australopithecines instead lived in a mosaic of forests, grasslands and wetlands, and better knowledge of their fossils clearly indicates that they possessed several climbing adaptations. Moreover, none of the extinct ape species older than <em>Australopithecus</em> and <em>Paranthropus</em> for which postcranial remains have been described (e.g., <em>Morotopithecus</em>, <em>Sahelanthropus</em>, <em>Orrorin</em>, <em>Ardipithecus</em>) were knuckle-walking. On the other hand, upright posture/gait is already present to different degrees even in Miocene apes. Moreover, the notion that hominoid orthogrady is a primitive characteristic is corroborated by the growing consensus that knuckle-walking is not a primitive trait but has evolved in parallel, independently in both <em>Pan</em> and <em>Gorilla</em>. Consequently, it is possible that australopithecines are not transitional between a semi-erect ancestor and upright bipedal humans, but to the contrary, are intermediate between a more upright ancestor and extant semi-erect African apes. In summary, hypotheses that attempt to explain how a semi-erect <em>Homo</em>/<em>Pan</em> last common ancestor transitioned into the bipedal australopithecines as an adaptation to life on the savannah appear to be ill-conceived and moreover seem to have been superfluous from the very start. We review the numerous similarities between australopithecines and extant African apes, suggesting that they are possibly not hominins and therefore not our direct ancestors. We suggest that we may have been barking up the wrong ancestral tree, for almost a century.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Mario Vaneechoutte </div> <div class="author-name"> Frances Mansfield </div> <div class="author-name"> Stephen Munro </div> <div class="author-name"> Marc Verhaegen </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/12/26/63d16a84dc2a2b07289d2f88a1580377.png" data-lightbox="image-2" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/12/26/63d16a84dc2a2b07289d2f88a1580377.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>08 August 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/58">Where Do Chinese Doublets Come From?—The Doublets from Prehistory to the Era of the Book of Poetry</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The earliest writing in China is the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, which records early Chinese, also known as oracle bone Chinese, which are all monosyllabic-words (1300 BC). In the Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty and later handed down documents, doublets appear (beginning in 1046 BC). At present, the philological academy believes that the doublets recorded with two Chinese single-characters come from reduplication of two single-character symbols, but there is no complete argument and reliable evidence. This article, by using the opposite method of argument, reversely assumes that the single-characters (monosyllabic words) come from doublets and tries to demonstrate it. The article proves the truth of the origin of doublets based on the word distribution and semantic correspondence between doublets and single-characters in “the Book of Poetry”, that is, doublets are the source and single-characters are flows. Among them, 39.66% of the doublets have no corresponding single-characters, and they are the characters created to record doublets; 41.92% of the meanings of doublets have nothing to do with the meanings of single-characters, which proves that the doublets does not come from the combination of single-characters; 12.46% of the meanings of doublets are interpreted as the meanings of single-characters, which are the subjective errors of later generations of interpreters; the remaining 5.66% are only associated with proclitics and enclitics rather than single-characters. Finally, the article proposes that doublets originate from a unique mechanism of expressive morphology, which is a new type of etymological theory outside the morphological grammar system, and can create various polysyllabic ideophones, including the onomatopoeia or mimetic words. The article proves that a language begins with the creation of words. In the prehistoric period before the oracle bone inscriptions, Chinese ancestors had invented a large number of distinctive doublets (AA), couplets (AB) and other polysyllabic words (xA, or ABB, ABA’B), or ideophones. Due to the difficulty of writing, the doublets were hidden in spoken language for hundreds of years. It was not until the time of “Book of Poetry” and “Book of History” in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty that it entered the history and has continued to this day. Doublets are the earliest Chinese words and the beginning of Chinese civilization.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> DiJiang </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/08/08/96e8507131ef7cb775cfe94a905864ae.png" data-lightbox="image-3" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/08/08/96e8507131ef7cb775cfe94a905864ae.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>05 January 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/107">The Future of Artificial Intelligence Will Be “Next to Normal”—A Perspective on Future Directions and the Psychology of AI Safety Concerns</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">This paper introduces the AI “next to normal”-thesis, suggesting that as Artificial Intelligence becomes more ingrained in our daily lives, it will transition from a sensationalized entity to a regular tool. However, this normalization has psychosocial implications, particularly when it comes to AI safety concerns. The “next to normal”-thesis proposes that AI will soon be perceived as a standard component of our technological interactions, with its sensationalized nature diminishing over time. As AI’s integration becomes more seamless, many users may not even recognize their interactions with AI systems. The paper delves into the psychology of AI safety concerns, discussing the “Mere Exposure Effect” and the “Black Box Effect”. While the former suggests that increased exposure to AI leads to a more positive perception, the latter highlights the unease stemming from not fully understanding its capabilities. These effects can be seen as two opposing forces shaping the public’s perception of the technology. The central claim of the thesis is that as AI progresses to become normal, human psychology will evolve alongside with it and safety concerns will diminish, which may have practical consequences. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the “next to normal”-thesis and offers recommendations for the industry and policymakers, emphasizing the need for increased transparency, continuous education, robust regulation, and empirical research. The future of AI is envisioned as one that is seamlessly integrated into society, yet it is imperative to address the associated safety concerns proactively and not take the normalization effects take ahold of it.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> YoshijaWalter </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Editorial</h4> <span>18 April 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/39">Foreword to Resumption</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Shanghai Society of Anthropology </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/04/18/53a944fba1e7e7452febd126650af15c.png" data-lightbox="image-5" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/04/18/53a944fba1e7e7452febd126650af15c.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>20 July 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/53">Fine-scale Genetic Structure of Geographically Distinct Patrilineal Lineages Delineates Southward Migration Routes for Han Chinese</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">The Han Chinese (HAN) represent the world’s largest ethnic group, and their genetic structure has been the focus of numerous studies. Yet previous studies failed to draw out finer population stratification of patrilineal HAN, due to limitations in sample size and genetic marker density. This essay employs a Y-haplogroup frequency dataset from virtually whole China aiming to draw out a detailed genetic structure of the patrilineal HAN. We provide an overview of the Y chromosome haplogroup distributions, and find that the patrilineal HAN can be divided into five geographic subgroups. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) provided further support for the five-substructure model. By comparing patrilineal and matrilineal descent, we revealed stronger geographical aggregation for patrilineal HAN. Moreover, populations with patrilineal descent showed lower levels of haplogroup diversity (HD) compared to those with matrilineal descent, suggesting potential population bottleneck of patrilineal HAN. The larger HD among northern patrilines verified historical migration of HAN from north to south, which validated by neighbor joining tree (NJ-tree). Overall, we speculate the southward migration routes for Han Chinese, and the HAN south of the Nanling Mountains may have entered via the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rather than via eastern coastal provinces.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> YichenTao </div> <div class="author-name"> Juanjuan Zhou </div> <div class="author-name"> Letong Liang </div> <div class="author-name"> Edward Allen </div> <div class="author-name"> YetaoZou </div> <div class="author-name"> Zishuai Huang </div> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/07/21/8c6cb2a693a90b32f81b25bfdf426c88.png" data-lightbox="image-6" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/07/21/8c6cb2a693a90b32f81b25bfdf426c88.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>06 July 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/51">An Extremely Long Span of the Sun-Earth Pattern in the History of China</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">Chinese people believe that they are descendants of the prehistory Emperors Yan and Huang, while Yan (hot/red) and Huang (yellow) are the colors of the sun and earth. In the Dahecun style of Yangshao Culture archaeological culture of the legendary Yan and Huang’s period, the patterns of the sun and earth were frequently painted on the religious potteries, implying that the paired symbols might refer to the two emperors. However, the same paired pattern appeared in Shangshan Culture much earlier than Yangshao, indicating that the worship of Sun-Earth might have a quite long history prior to the two emperors. The pattern was inherited in the populations of China till today. The Jade Bi-Cong group of late Neolithic and early Bronze Age China also showed the same meanings and shapes. We found that the Sun-Earth pattern was quite common on the traditional brocade belts woven in the countryside around Shanghai. The origin of the sun shape was easy to understand, while that of the earth shape, a cross with or without an outline square, was hard to trace. Recent archaeological discovery in Shangshan Culture of a kind of yellow pyramid stone provided a new clue to the origin of earth symbol.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> WenliJin </div> <div class="author-name"> HuainiXu </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/07/06/cd3e1d2324f6028da2e355f89de61d5e.jpg" data-lightbox="image-7" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/07/06/cd3e1d2324f6028da2e355f89de61d5e.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Review</h4> <span>15 April 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/169">Human Mobility in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean during Hellenistic and Roman Times: The Potential and Limitations of Bioarchaeological Research</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp">This paper offers a review of bioarchaeological research on human mobility during the Hellenistic and Roman period in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. This period was marked by significant connectivity amidst the establishment of major political entities. The paper begins with an overview of bioarchaeological methods used to study past mobility, including biodistance, isotopic and ancient DNA analyses. It then examines published studies that have utilized these methods to explore mobility during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The paper concludes by critically assessing the current research limitations and proposing directions for future studies. These suggestions emphasize the importance of conducting additional research to investigate human mobility in neglected areas, as well as at different temporal and spatial scales. Integrating mobility data with other sources of evidence, such as historical accounts, paleoenvironmental data and osteobiographic information is another important future direction of research. Finally, relevant research should be more theoretically informed and its contemporary implications should be effectively communicated within and beyond the academic community. An enhancement of our understanding of the nature and impact of mobility is crucial in today’s society, where misconceptions linking immigration to the decline of the Roman Empire can perpetuate biases against contemporary mobility. </p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> EfthymiaNikita </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/04/16/44ff18aaa0516a18eb2c2971dd65003c.jpg" data-lightbox="image-8" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/04/16/44ff18aaa0516a18eb2c2971dd65003c.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Editorial</h4> <span>17 January 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/113">A Possible Reconstruction of Hominini Phylogeny</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/01/17/0bf70f1bb754b2cf621922b52b0a2d77.jpg" data-lightbox="image-9" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/01/17/0bf70f1bb754b2cf621922b52b0a2d77.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Book Review</h4> <span>14 December 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/93">Book Review: Barbujani, G. <em>Come eravamo. Storie dalla grande storia dell’uomo</em>; Laterza: Roma-Bari, Italy, 2022; ISBN: 9788858148785</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Alberto Castaldini </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="id-popular"> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Letter</h4> <span>15 December 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/94">Have We Been Barking up the Wrong Ancestral Tree? Australopithecines Are Probably Not Our Ancestors</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> The dominant paradigm regarding human evolution since the split with <em>Pan</em> considers australopithecines as hominins, i.e., the closest relatives and/or direct ancestors of <em>Homo</em>. Historically, this paradigm started from the assumption that the <em>Homo</em>/<em>Pan</em>/<em>Gorilla</em> last common ancestor was a knuckle-walking ape that evolved into the fully upright (orthograde), obligate bipedal genus Homo, whereas <em>Pan</em> and <em>Gorilla</em> remained knuckle-walkers. Obligate terrestrial upright bipedalism, unique for our species, is an odd locomotor behaviour for a primate. Therefore, it had become generally accepted that a cooler and drier African climate had caused deforestation, which had forced our ancestors to develop upright bipedalism as an adaptation to living on open grassland savannah. This view, already held by Lamarck and Darwin, appeared most parsimonious in the almost complete absence of fossils. The discovery in the 20th century of australopithecine fossils, bipedal apes with small brains, in open country in southern and eastern Africa corroborated the savannah paradigm. Therefore, australopithecines are considered hominins. However, it is now recognized that most australopithecines instead lived in a mosaic of forests, grasslands and wetlands, and better knowledge of their fossils clearly indicates that they possessed several climbing adaptations. Moreover, none of the extinct ape species older than <em>Australopithecus</em> and <em>Paranthropus</em> for which postcranial remains have been described (e.g., <em>Morotopithecus</em>, <em>Sahelanthropus</em>, <em>Orrorin</em>, <em>Ardipithecus</em>) were knuckle-walking. On the other hand, upright posture/gait is already present to different degrees even in Miocene apes. Moreover, the notion that hominoid orthogrady is a primitive characteristic is corroborated by the growing consensus that knuckle-walking is not a primitive trait but has evolved in parallel, independently in both <em>Pan</em> and <em>Gorilla</em>. Consequently, it is possible that australopithecines are not transitional between a semi-erect ancestor and upright bipedal humans, but to the contrary, are intermediate between a more upright ancestor and extant semi-erect African apes. In summary, hypotheses that attempt to explain how a semi-erect <em>Homo</em>/<em>Pan</em> last common ancestor transitioned into the bipedal australopithecines as an adaptation to life on the savannah appear to be ill-conceived and moreover seem to have been superfluous from the very start. We review the numerous similarities between australopithecines and extant African apes, suggesting that they are possibly not hominins and therefore not our direct ancestors. We suggest that we may have been barking up the wrong ancestral tree, for almost a century.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Mario Vaneechoutte </div> <div class="author-name"> Frances Mansfield </div> <div class="author-name"> Stephen Munro </div> <div class="author-name"> Marc Verhaegen </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/12/26/63d16a84dc2a2b07289d2f88a1580377.png" data-lightbox="image-1" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/12/26/63d16a84dc2a2b07289d2f88a1580377.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>06 July 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/51">An Extremely Long Span of the Sun-Earth Pattern in the History of China</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> Chinese people believe that they are descendants of the prehistory Emperors Yan and Huang, while Yan (hot/red) and Huang (yellow) are the colors of the sun and earth. In the Dahecun style of Yangshao Culture archaeological culture of the legendary Yan and Huang’s period, the patterns of the sun and earth were frequently painted on the religious potteries, implying that the paired symbols might refer to the two emperors. However, the same paired pattern appeared in Shangshan Culture much earlier than Yangshao, indicating that the worship of Sun-Earth might have a quite long history prior to the two emperors. The pattern was inherited in the populations of China till today. The Jade Bi-Cong group of late Neolithic and early Bronze Age China also showed the same meanings and shapes. We found that the Sun-Earth pattern was quite common on the traditional brocade belts woven in the countryside around Shanghai. The origin of the sun shape was easy to understand, while that of the earth shape, a cross with or without an outline square, was hard to trace. Recent archaeological discovery in Shangshan Culture of a kind of yellow pyramid stone provided a new clue to the origin of earth symbol.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> WenliJin </div> <div class="author-name"> HuainiXu </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/07/06/cd3e1d2324f6028da2e355f89de61d5e.jpg" data-lightbox="image-2" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/07/06/cd3e1d2324f6028da2e355f89de61d5e.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>20 July 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/53">Fine-scale Genetic Structure of Geographically Distinct Patrilineal Lineages Delineates Southward Migration Routes for Han Chinese</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> The Han Chinese (HAN) represent the world’s largest ethnic group, and their genetic structure has been the focus of numerous studies. Yet previous studies failed to draw out finer population stratification of patrilineal HAN, due to limitations in sample size and genetic marker density. This essay employs a Y-haplogroup frequency dataset from virtually whole China aiming to draw out a detailed genetic structure of the patrilineal HAN. We provide an overview of the Y chromosome haplogroup distributions, and find that the patrilineal HAN can be divided into five geographic subgroups. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) provided further support for the five-substructure model. By comparing patrilineal and matrilineal descent, we revealed stronger geographical aggregation for patrilineal HAN. Moreover, populations with patrilineal descent showed lower levels of haplogroup diversity (HD) compared to those with matrilineal descent, suggesting potential population bottleneck of patrilineal HAN. The larger HD among northern patrilines verified historical migration of HAN from north to south, which validated by neighbor joining tree (NJ-tree). Overall, we speculate the southward migration routes for Han Chinese, and the HAN south of the Nanling Mountains may have entered via the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, rather than via eastern coastal provinces.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> YichenTao </div> <div class="author-name"> Juanjuan Zhou </div> <div class="author-name"> Letong Liang </div> <div class="author-name"> Edward Allen </div> <div class="author-name"> YetaoZou </div> <div class="author-name"> Zishuai Huang </div> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/07/21/8c6cb2a693a90b32f81b25bfdf426c88.png" data-lightbox="image-3" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/07/21/8c6cb2a693a90b32f81b25bfdf426c88.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>12 June 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/48">Encounter between Present Female Characters and Neolithic Inscribed Symbols Prior to Oracle-bone Inscriptions</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> Inscribed symbols of Neolithic Age were sometimes suspected to be initial writing prior to developed writing system. The earliest developed writing system in China was Oracle-bone inscriptions (OBIs) of Bronze Age and researchers have long sought its predecessor. Here, we reported that two continuous symbols on a stone ax of Neolithic Liangzhu culture found their identical duplicates in a unique writing system on brocade belts woven by present women in Shanghai suburb. Women in this group duplicated the hereditary text for weddings only once each generation in the past, and they can still interpret these two characters, implying that the two identical Liangzhu symbols may have the similar meanings. The meanings and patterns are both similar to those in OBIs, suggesting that Liangzhu symbols might be one of the predecessors of OBIs. Integrating philology, genetics, linguistics, and folklore, we discussed that special small population may inherit both the genetic structure and convert culture for extremely long time, such as this population in southern Shanghai.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> LufeiWang </div> <div class="author-name"> QichengYe </div> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/06/12/9210161918cf2aa029a03099cc786a5a.jpg" data-lightbox="image-4" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/06/12/9210161918cf2aa029a03099cc786a5a.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Editorial</h4> <span>18 April 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/39">Foreword to Resumption</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Shanghai Society of Anthropology </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/04/18/53a944fba1e7e7452febd126650af15c.png" data-lightbox="image-5" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/04/18/53a944fba1e7e7452febd126650af15c.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Perspective</h4> <span>05 January 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/107">The Future of Artificial Intelligence Will Be “Next to Normal”—A Perspective on Future Directions and the Psychology of AI Safety Concerns</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> This paper introduces the AI “next to normal”-thesis, suggesting that as Artificial Intelligence becomes more ingrained in our daily lives, it will transition from a sensationalized entity to a regular tool. However, this normalization has psychosocial implications, particularly when it comes to AI safety concerns. The “next to normal”-thesis proposes that AI will soon be perceived as a standard component of our technological interactions, with its sensationalized nature diminishing over time. As AI’s integration becomes more seamless, many users may not even recognize their interactions with AI systems. The paper delves into the psychology of AI safety concerns, discussing the “Mere Exposure Effect” and the “Black Box Effect”. While the former suggests that increased exposure to AI leads to a more positive perception, the latter highlights the unease stemming from not fully understanding its capabilities. These effects can be seen as two opposing forces shaping the public’s perception of the technology. The central claim of the thesis is that as AI progresses to become normal, human psychology will evolve alongside with it and safety concerns will diminish, which may have practical consequences. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the “next to normal”-thesis and offers recommendations for the industry and policymakers, emphasizing the need for increased transparency, continuous education, robust regulation, and empirical research. The future of AI is envisioned as one that is seamlessly integrated into society, yet it is imperative to address the associated safety concerns proactively and not take the normalization effects take ahold of it.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> YoshijaWalter </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Article</h4> <span>08 August 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/58">Where Do Chinese Doublets Come From?—The Doublets from Prehistory to the Era of the Book of Poetry</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> The earliest writing in China is the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, which records early Chinese, also known as oracle bone Chinese, which are all monosyllabic-words (1300 BC). In the Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty and later handed down documents, doublets appear (beginning in 1046 BC). At present, the philological academy believes that the doublets recorded with two Chinese single-characters come from reduplication of two single-character symbols, but there is no complete argument and reliable evidence. This article, by using the opposite method of argument, reversely assumes that the single-characters (monosyllabic words) come from doublets and tries to demonstrate it. The article proves the truth of the origin of doublets based on the word distribution and semantic correspondence between doublets and single-characters in “the Book of Poetry”, that is, doublets are the source and single-characters are flows. Among them, 39.66% of the doublets have no corresponding single-characters, and they are the characters created to record doublets; 41.92% of the meanings of doublets have nothing to do with the meanings of single-characters, which proves that the doublets does not come from the combination of single-characters; 12.46% of the meanings of doublets are interpreted as the meanings of single-characters, which are the subjective errors of later generations of interpreters; the remaining 5.66% are only associated with proclitics and enclitics rather than single-characters. Finally, the article proposes that doublets originate from a unique mechanism of expressive morphology, which is a new type of etymological theory outside the morphological grammar system, and can create various polysyllabic ideophones, including the onomatopoeia or mimetic words. The article proves that a language begins with the creation of words. In the prehistoric period before the oracle bone inscriptions, Chinese ancestors had invented a large number of distinctive doublets (AA), couplets (AB) and other polysyllabic words (xA, or ABB, ABA’B), or ideophones. Due to the difficulty of writing, the doublets were hidden in spoken language for hundreds of years. It was not until the time of “Book of Poetry” and “Book of History” in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty that it entered the history and has continued to this day. Doublets are the earliest Chinese words and the beginning of Chinese civilization.utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> DiJiang </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2023/08/08/96e8507131ef7cb775cfe94a905864ae.png" data-lightbox="image-7" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2023/08/08/96e8507131ef7cb775cfe94a905864ae.png" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Editorial</h4> <span>17 January 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/113">A Possible Reconstruction of Hominini Phylogeny</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> HuiLi </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/01/17/0bf70f1bb754b2cf621922b52b0a2d77.jpg" data-lightbox="image-8" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/01/17/0bf70f1bb754b2cf621922b52b0a2d77.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Review</h4> <span>15 April 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/169">Human Mobility in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean during Hellenistic and Roman Times: The Potential and Limitations of Bioarchaeological Research</a> </h3> <p class="article-abseract clamp"> This paper offers a review of bioarchaeological research on human mobility during the Hellenistic and Roman period in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. This period was marked by significant connectivity amidst the establishment of major political entities. The paper begins with an overview of bioarchaeological methods used to study past mobility, including biodistance, isotopic and ancient DNA analyses. It then examines published studies that have utilized these methods to explore mobility during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The paper concludes by critically assessing the current research limitations and proposing directions for future studies. These suggestions emphasize the importance of conducting additional research to investigate human mobility in neglected areas, as well as at different temporal and spatial scales. Integrating mobility data with other sources of evidence, such as historical accounts, paleoenvironmental data and osteobiographic information is another important future direction of research. Finally, relevant research should be more theoretically informed and its contemporary implications should be effectively communicated within and beyond the academic community. An enhancement of our understanding of the nature and impact of mobility is crucial in today’s society, where misconceptions linking immigration to the decline of the Roman Empire can perpetuate biases against contemporary mobility. utf-8</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> EfthymiaNikita </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <div class="img-thumbnail"> <a href="/uploads/2024/04/16/44ff18aaa0516a18eb2c2971dd65003c.jpg" data-lightbox="image-9" data-title=""><img src="/uploads/2024/04/16/44ff18aaa0516a18eb2c2971dd65003c.jpg" class=""></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3"> <h4>Book Review</h4> <span>14 December 2023</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"> <a class="anchor" href="/article/pii/93">Book Review: Barbujani, G. <em>Come eravamo. Storie dalla grande storia dell’uomo</em>; Laterza: Roma-Bari, Italy, 2022; ISBN: 9788858148785</a> </h3> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <i class="fal fa-user"></i> <div class="author-name"> Alberto Castaldini </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="recent-posts-4" class="widget widget_recent_entries mb-3"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Topic Collection </h3> </div> <div class="ts-box2 article-box pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="text articles-list"> <h3 class="article-title mb-2"> <a href="/journals/natanthropol/special_issues/Cultural_Identity">Genetic and Cultural Identity in 21st Century</a> </h3> <div class="post-tags mt-10"> <ul> <li class="mb-2 article-abseract"> <p> <span class="mr-2">Topic in</span>Human Origins; Gene; Paleoanthropology; Fossil; Neanderthals </p> </li> <li class="article-abseract clamp card-text article-authors">Topic Editor: <span>Alberto Castaldini</span> </li> <li class="authors-list"> <a class="author-name" href="javascript:;"> <i class="fal fa-clock"></i></span> <span class="article-date">Deadline: 31 March 2024</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="issues-item mb-4"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading section-heading-padding"> <h3 class="section-title"> Journal Issues <a class="right" href="/journals/natanthropol/issues" target="_blank"> All issues <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <ul class="journals-list d-flex 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