CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="bo" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )bowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "༠\t༡\t༢\t༣\t༤\t༥\t༦\t༧\t༨\t༩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ཟླ་དང་པོ།","ཟླ་གཉིས་པ།","ཟླ་གསུམ།","ཟླ་བཞི་བ།","ཟླ་ལྔ་བ།","ཟླ་དྲུག་པ།","ཟླ་བདུན་པ།","ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ།","ཟླ་དགུ་བ།","ཟླ་བཅུ་བ།","ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ།","ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ།"],"wgRequestId":"96e39c23-10f2-4960-b3e7-9b0ea64bf00c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།","wgTitle":"ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།","wgCurRevisionId":143200,"wgRevisionId":143200,"wgArticleId":5137,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ཆ་མི་ཚང་བ", "ཀྲུང་གོའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"bo","wgPageContentLanguage":"bo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།","wgRelevantArticleId":5137,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"bo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"bo"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q319114","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=bo&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=bo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=bo&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/1200px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/800px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/640px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//bo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (bo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//bo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia ཡི་ཆ་ཤས་ཡ་ལན།" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། rootpage-ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> དཀར་ཆག </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="གཙོ་གནད་ཤོག་ངོས་ལ་གཟིགས་རོགས། [z]" accesskey="z"><span>གཙོ་གནད་ཤོག་ངོས།</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B" title="ལས་འཆར་སྐོར། ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་གང་བྱེད་ཐུབ་བམ། གང་དུ་འཚོལ་དགོས་སམ།"><span>ཁོངས་མི་འདུ་ར།</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉེ་བའི་ལས་དོན་གྱི་རྒྱབ་ལྗོངས་གནས་ཚུལ་འཚོལ་བ།"><span>ད་ལྟའི་བྱ་བ།</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="ཝེ་ཁེ་སྟེང་གི་ཉེ་ཆར་བཟོ་བཅོས་ཀྱི་ཐོ། [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ཉེ་བའི་བཟོ་བཅོས།</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="སྐབས་དོན་ཤོག་ངོས་ཤིག་ཕབ་འཇུག། [x]" accesskey="x"><span>རང་མོས་ཤོག་ངོས།</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="གང་དུ་འཚོལ་བའི་གནས།"><span>རོགས་རམ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bo.svg" style="width: 6.8125em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bo.svg" width="92" height="18" style="width: 5.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="འཚོལ། Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>འཚོལ།</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="འཚོལ། Wikipedia" aria-label="འཚོལ། Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="འཚོལ། Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">འཚོལ།</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="སྒེར་ཀྱི་ལག་ཆ།"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bo.wikipedia.org&uselang=bo" class=""><span>ཞལ་འདེབས།</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྱེད་རང་ནང་འཛུལ་གནང་བར་དགའ་བསུ་ཞུ། འོན་ཀྱང་འདིར་འགན་འཁུར་བྱེད་མཁན་མེད། [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ནང་འཛུ།</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="སྒེར་ཀྱི་ལག་ཆ།" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">སྒེར་ཀྱི་ལག་ཆ།</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bo.wikipedia.org&uselang=bo"><span>ཞལ་འདེབས།</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྱེད་རང་ནང་འཛུལ་གནང་བར་དགའ་བསུ་ཞུ། འོན་ཀྱང་འདིར་འགན་འཁུར་བྱེད་མཁན་མེད། [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ནང་འཛུ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>IP གནས་ཡུལ་འདི་ལ་གླེང་མོལ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ས་ཁམས།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ས་ཁམས།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༡</span> <span>ས་ཁམས།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ས་ཁམས།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ལོ་རྒྱུས།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ལོ་རྒྱུས།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༢</span> <span>ལོ་རྒྱུས།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ལོ་རྒྱུས།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༣</span> <span>སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-དཔལ་འབྱོར།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#དཔལ་འབྱོར།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༤</span> <span>དཔལ་འབྱོར།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-དཔལ་འབྱོར།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-མི་འབོར།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#མི་འབོར།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༥</span> <span>མི་འབོར།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-མི་འབོར།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ཡུལ་སྐོར།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ཡུལ་སྐོར།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༦</span> <span>ཡུལ་སྐོར།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ཡུལ་སྐོར།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༧</span> <span>ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༨</span> <span>དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ད་དུང་གཟིགས།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ད་དུང་གཟིགས།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༩</span> <span>ད་དུང་གཟིགས།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ད་དུང་གཟིགས།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">༡༠</span> <span>ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ༥༧ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">༥༧ languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA" title="دونهوانغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دونهوانغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC" title="دونهوانج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دونهوانج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуньхуан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дуньхуан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дунхуан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дунхуан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="দুনহুয়াং – བྷང་ག་ལའི་སྐད།" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দুনহুয়াং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="བྷང་ག་ལའི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ADng-hu%C3%B2ng" title="Dŭng-huòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dŭng-huòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang_(lungsod_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina,_Gansu_Sheng,_lat_40,17,_long_94,68)" title="Dunhuang (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Gansu Sheng, lat 40,17, long 94,68) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dunhuang (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina, Gansu Sheng, lat 40,17, long 94,68)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun-chuang" title="Tun-chuang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tun-chuang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཏེན་མག་གི་སྐད།" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ཏེན་མག་གི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – འཇར་མན་གྱི།" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="འཇར་མན་གྱི།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད།" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunh%C5%ADango" title="Dunhŭango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dunhŭango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཞི་པན་ཡའི།" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ཞི་པན་ཡའི།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دون‌هوانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دون‌هوانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་།" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="दूनहुआंग – ཧིན་དི" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दूनहुआंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ཧིན་དི" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunhuang" title="Tunhuang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tunhuang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཨིན་དོ་ནི་སི་སྐད།" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ཨིན་དོ་ནི་སི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – དབྱི་ཏ་་ལའི་མི།" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="དབྱི་ཏ་་ལའི་མི།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%B8%82" title="敦煌市 – ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད་" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="敦煌市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ཉི་ཧོང་སྐད་" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="დუნჰუანგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დუნჰუანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дунхуан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дунхуан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%94%ED%99%A9%EC%8B%9C" title="둔황시 – ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་སྐད།" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="둔황시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuangas" title="Dunhuangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dunhuangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཧའོ་ལན་སྐད།" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ཧའོ་ལན་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – པོ་ལན་སྐད།" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="པོ་ལན་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A4%D9%86%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ڈؤنہوآنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈؤنہوآنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཕི་ཐོ་ཡའི།" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ཕི་ཐོ་ཡའི།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуньхуан – ཨུ་རུ་སུ་སྐད་" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дуньхуан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ཨུ་རུ་སུ་སྐད་" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཧྲུའི་ཏན་སྐད།" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ཧྲུའི་ཏན་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – ཐུར་ཁེའི་སྐད།" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ཐུར་ཁེའི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnxuang_Shehiri" title="Dünxuang Shehiri – ཡུ་གུར་སྐད།" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Dünxuang Shehiri" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ཡུ་གུར་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дуньхуан – ཡུ་ཀྲ་ནི་སྐད།" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дуньхуан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ཡུ་ཀྲ་ནི་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دونہوانگ – ཝུའུ་ཏུའུ་སྐད།" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دونہوانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ཝུའུ་ཏུའུ་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunxuan" title="Dunxuan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dunxuan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4n_Ho%C3%A0ng" title="Đôn Hoàng – ཡོ་ནན་སྐད།" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đôn Hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ཡོ་ནན་སྐད།" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dunhuang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%B8%82" title="敦煌市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="敦煌市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%B8%82" title="敦煌市 – རྒྱ་སྐད་" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="敦煌市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="རྒྱ་སྐད་" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun-h%C3%B4ng-chh%C4%AB" title="Tun-hông-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tun-hông-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" title="敦煌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="敦煌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319114#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="མིང་གནས།"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ནང་དོན་ཀྱི་ཤོག་ངོས་ལ་གཟིགས་རོགས། [c]" accesskey="c"><span>རྩོམ་ཡིག</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ཤོག་ངོས་ཀྱི་ནང་དོན་གྲོས་མོལ། (ཤོག་ངོས་མེད་པ།) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>གྲོས་བསྡུར།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">བོད་ཡིག</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ལྟ་ཞིབ།"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D"><span>ཀློག་པ།</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=history" title="ཤོག་ངོས་འདིའི་བསྐྱར་བཅོས་སྔ་མ། [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལ་ལྟ་བ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ལག་ཆ།" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ལག་ཆ།</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D"><span>ཀློག་པ།</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=history"><span>ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལ་ལྟ་བ།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="འདིར་སྦྲེལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཝེ་ཁེ་ཤོག་ངོས་ཧྲིལ་པོའི་ཐོ། [j]" accesskey="j"><span>གང་དག་ལ་སྦྲེལ་ཡོད།</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" rel="nofollow" title="ཤོག་ངོས་འདི་དང་སྤྲེལ་བའི་ཤོག་ངོས་གཞན་ཐོག་གི་ཉེ་བའི་བཟོ་བཅོས། [k]" accesskey="k"><span>འབྲེལ་བའི་བཟོ་བཅོས།</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=bo" title="ཡིག་ཆ་ཡར་འཇུག [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ཡར་འཇོག</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="ཆེད་ལས་ཤོག་ངོས་ཀྱི་ཐོ་གཞུང་། [q]" accesskey="q"><span>དམིཊ་བསལ་གྱི་བཟོ་བཅོས།</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&oldid=143200" title="བཟོ་འཅོས་ཤོག་ངོས་འདིའི་བརྟན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་སྦྲེལ་མཐུད།"><span>རྟག་བརྟན་གྱི་དྲ་འབྲེལ།</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&id=143200&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>རྩོམ་འདི་འདྲེན་པ།</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25BD%258F%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A7%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258D"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25BD%258F%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A7%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BE%25B2%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258D"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D"><span>དེབ་ཅིག་སྒྲིག་པ།</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&printable=yes" title="ཤོག་ངོས་འདིའི་དཔར་རུང་བའི་འགྱུར། [p]" accesskey="p"><span>དཔར་ཐུབ་པའི་དྲ་ངོས།</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ལས་གཞི་གཞན་དག། </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dunhuang" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319114" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ཡོང་ཁུངས་Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mondsichelsee-03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/250px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/375px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG/500px-Mondsichelsee-03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ཏུན་ཧོང་</b>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="རྒྱ་སྐད་">རྒྱ་སྐད་</a>:敦煌)ནི་<a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ཀན་སུའུ་">ཀན་སུའུ་</a>ཡི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཞིག་རེད།གནས་དེ་ལ་བོད་ཀྱི་དེབ་ཐེར་དུ་ཤ་ཆུ་འམ་ཤ་ཅུ་ཟེར། </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ས་ཁམས།"><span id=".E0.BD.A6.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.81.E0.BD.98.E0.BD.A6.E0.BC.8D"></span>ས་ཁམས།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ས་ཁམས།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_(20230918101214).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg/250px-Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg/375px-Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg/500px-Crescent_Lake_from_the_Singing_Sand_Dunes_%2820230918101214%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6601" data-file-height="4401" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ལོ་རྒྱུས།"><span id=".E0.BD.A3.E0.BD.BC.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A2.E0.BE.92.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.B4.E0.BD.A6.E0.BC.8D"></span>ལོ་རྒྱུས།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ལོ་རྒྱུས།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg/250px-Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg/375px-Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg/500px-Jiucenglou_of_Mogao_Caves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82" title="མོའོ་ཀའོ་བྲག་ཕུག">མོའོ་ཀའོ་བྲག་ཕུག</a></figcaption></figure> <p>དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་དུས་མཇུག་ཏུ་ཏོན་ཧོང་<a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="བོད་པ།">བོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་</a>བཟུང་པ་དང་དེ་ནས་<a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ཐང་རྒྱལ་རབས་">ཐང་རྒྱལ་རབས་</a>ཀྱི་མཇུག་ཏུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་༨༥༡ལོར་རྒྱ་རིགས་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔོན་ཀྲང་ཡི་ཁྲོའོ་ཞེས་པ་དེས་ཕྱིར་སྤྲོད་བཏང་བ་རེད། དེ་སྔོན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་འདི་ནི་གཞན་ཁག་གཅིག་ལ་བརྟེན་གྱི་ཡོད། </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ཇིང་གིར་རྒྱལ་པོ་ (ཤོག་ངོས་མེད་པ།)">ཇིང་གིར་རྒྱལ་པོ་</a>དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ལོ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༢༢༧ལོར་ཁོང་གི་རྒྱུད་འཛིན་པ་<a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="སོག་པོ།">སོག་པོའི་མི་</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B" title="སེ་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་པོ་">སེ་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་པོ་</a>ཡིས་དབང་ཆ་ཡོད་ཚད་བཟུང་པ་མ་ཟད་ཨེ་ཤེ་ཡའི་ས་ཆ་མང་ཆེ་བ་བཙན་བཟུང་བྱས་པ་རེད། </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།"><span id=".E0.BD.A6.E0.BE.90.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.BA.E0.BD.A3.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.91.E0.BE.B2.E0.BD.BA.E0.BD.93.E0.BC.8D"></span>སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="དཔལ་འབྱོར།"><span id=".E0.BD.91.E0.BD.94.E0.BD.A3.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.96.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.BC.E0.BD.A2.E0.BC.8D"></span>དཔལ་འབྱོར།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：དཔལ་འབྱོར།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="མི་འབོར།"><span id=".E0.BD.98.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.96.E0.BD.BC.E0.BD.A2.E0.BC.8D"></span>མི་འབོར།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：མི་འབོར།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ཡུལ་སྐོར།"><span id=".E0.BD.A1.E0.BD.B4.E0.BD.A3.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A6.E0.BE.90.E0.BD.BC.E0.BD.A2.E0.BC.8D"></span>ཡུལ་སྐོར།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ཡུལ་སྐོར།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82" title="མོའོ་ཀའོ་བྲག་ཕུག">མོའོ་ཀའོ་བྲག་ཕུག</a> (ཏུན་ཧོང་བྲག་ཕུག)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="རྟ་དཀར་མཆོད་རྟེན། (ཤོག་ངོས་མེད་པ།)">རྟ་དཀར་མཆོད་རྟེན།</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="འབྲུག་དབྱངས་དགོན་པ། (ཤོག་ངོས་མེད་པ།)">འབྲུག་དབྱངས་དགོན་པ།</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།"><span id=".E0.BD.9F.E0.BD.B2.E0.BD.93.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.90.E0.BD.BC.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.98.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.91.E0.BD.94.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.91.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.9E.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8D"></span>ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།"><span id=".E0.BD.91.E0.BD.94.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.91.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.9E.E0.BD.B2.E0.BD.A0.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.91.E0.BD.80.E0.BD.A2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.86.E0.BD.82.E0.BC.8D"></span>དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ད་དུང་གཟིགས།"><span id=".E0.BD.91.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.91.E0.BD.B4.E0.BD.84.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.9F.E0.BD.B2.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.A6.E0.BC.8D"></span>ད་དུང་གཟིགས།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ད་དུང་གཟིགས།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།"><span id=".E0.BD.95.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.95.E0.BE.B1.E0.BD.BC.E0.BD.82.E0.BD.A6.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.91.E0.BE.B2.E0.BC.8B.E0.BD.98.E0.BD.90.E0.BD.B4.E0.BD.91.E0.BC.8D"></span>ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་སྡེ་ཚན།：ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།"><span>རྩོམ་སྒྲིག</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916134950/http://www.dunhuang.gov.cn/">གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་གནས། (རྒྱ་སྐད།)</a></li></ul> <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" style="border:1px solid #999999;clear:both"> <table style="margin:0;background-color: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub"><img alt="Stub" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/53px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/70px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> </td> <td>རྩོམ་ཡིག་འདི་ཆ་མི་ཚང་བས་རྩོམ་ཡིག་འདི་ཆ་ཚང་བོར་བཟོས་ནས་ཝེ་ཁེ་རིག་མཛོད་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏོང་རོགས། <a class="external text" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&action=edit">རྩོམ་སྒྲིག།</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།&oldid=143200">https://bo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ཏུན་ཧོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།&oldid=143200</a>"ལས་སླར་རྙེད་སོང།</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">སྡེ་ཚན་ ༢</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E0%BD%86%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96" title="Category:ཆ་མི་ཚང་བ">ཆ་མི་ཚང་བ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="Category:ཀྲུང་གོའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།">ཀྲུང་གོའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ཤོག་ངོས་འདི་ཡི་བཟོ་བཅོས་མཐའ་མ་༥ ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༣ ཀྱི་ ༡༥:༣༤ ལ་རེད།</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">གསང་དོན་གན་རྒྱ།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D">Wikipediaཡི་སྐོར།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D">བདག་སྤྲོད་འདོར་མཁན།</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/bo.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//bo.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ཁ་པར་ལྟ་རྣམ།</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2c6ql","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.018","walltime":"0.033","ppvisitednodes":{"value":61,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1087,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3.089 1 Template:ཆ་མི་ཚང་བ","100.00% 3.089 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b7567855c-2xrdr","timestamp":"20241121144139","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0f4f\u0f74\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f67\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f41\u0fb1\u0f7a\u0f62\u0f0d","url":"https:\/\/bo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q319114","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q319114","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-10-09T13:56:53Z","dateModified":"2023-12-05T15:34:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ea\/Mondsichelsee-03.JPG"}</script> </body> </html>