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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Racetrack Playa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_Playa" title="Racetrack Playa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Racetrack Playa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_Playa" title="Racetrack Playa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Racetrack Playa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ریسترک پلایا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریسترک پلایا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_Playa" title="Racetrack Playa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Racetrack Playa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_Playa" title="Racetrack Playa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Racetrack Playa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack_Playa" title="Racetrack Playa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Racetrack Playa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Рейстрек-Плайя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейстрек-Плайя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%91%E9%81%93%E6%B9%96" title="跑道湖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="跑道湖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q327590#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Racetrack_Playa&params=36.6813_N_117.5627_W_region:US-CA_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°33′46″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.6813°N 117.5627°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.6813; -117.5627</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dry lake bed in Death Valley National Park, California, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Racetrack Playa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Racetrack_Playa_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Racetrack_Playa_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="426" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_California.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Racetrack Playa is located in California"><img alt="Racetrack Playa is located in California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/256px-Relief_map_of_California.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/384px-Relief_map_of_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/512px-Relief_map_of_California.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="780" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.744%;left:66.086%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Racetrack Playa"><img alt="Racetrack Playa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Racetrack Playa</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo County, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Racetrack_Playa&params=36.6813_N_117.5627_W_region:US-CA_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°33′46″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.6813°N 117.5627°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.6813; -117.5627</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes" title="Lake">Lake type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span title="Primary outflows: rivers, streams, evaporation">Primary outflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">Terminal (evaporation)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">4.5 km (2.8 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. width</th><td class="infobox-data">2 km (1.2 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_by_area" title="List of lakes by area">Surface area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7 km<sup>2</sup> (2.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length<sup>1</sup></th><td class="infobox-data">12 km (7.5 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,132 m (3,714 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/236219">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: The Racetrack</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff"><sup>1</sup> Shore length is <a href="/wiki/Coastline_paradox" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Racetrack Playa</b>, or <b>The Racetrack</b>, is a scenic <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">dry lake</a> feature with "<a href="/wiki/Sailing_stones" title="Sailing stones">sailing stones</a>" that inscribe linear "racetrack" imprints. It is located above the northwestern side of <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo County, California</a>, U.S. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Racetrack playa is approximately 3 miles long and 1.2 miles wide and is located at a height of 3708 feet in a north-south valley east of the <a href="/wiki/Panamint_Range" title="Panamint Range">Panamint Range</a> within <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a> National Park. It receives only 3 inches of annual precipitation and is bounded on all sides by north-south ranges rising 1500 to 2000 feet. The overall drainage area is around 70 square miles, with most of it flowing onto the playa from eastern mountain rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surface of the playa, which is mainly dried clay, provides a hard, smooth, and level pavement. The distribution of stones varies, with some regions a few hundred feet from the shore having 5-10 tiny stones per square yard. There is evidence of downgrade transit in a few places.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rocks weighing up to 320 kg travel across Racetrack Playa in northern Death Valley National Park, California, leaving tracks. This phenomenon, which has been documented since 1948, is not unique and has been observed in various playas in southern California, the Tunisian Sahara, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, these rocks were considered to be pushed by wind over a wet and slippery playa surface. Recent observations from 2014 called this assumption into question. Norris et al. observed pebbles being transported as thin sheets of ice melted in 4-5 m/s winds. The ice panels moved several rocks at speeds of up to 80 mm/s.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While these discoveries give information on the physics, several aspects of the tracks remain a mystery. Kletetschka et al. proposed that when an ice sheet arises, rocks with better thermal conductivity than water or ice could become frozen to the rock's base. This permits the ice sheet to be moved together with the rock and silt by the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A thorough system was put up for the investigation of Racetrack Playa's rock movement, including a weather station near the playa, time-lapse cameras centered on the southeast corner, and 15 GPS-equipped boulders on the surface. The researchers went to the location for maintenance and data retrieval 5-8 times per year. From November to March each year, the time-lapse camera recorded hourly conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interwoof GPS loggers were installed in <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> blocks northeast of natural stones and captured GPS and temperature data every 60 minutes. They began recording constantly at one-second intervals after being triggered.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Racetrack Playa is 3,714 feet (1,132 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, and 2.8 mi (4.5 km) long (north-south) by 1.3 mi (2.1 km) wide (east-west). The playa is exceptionally flat and level with the northern end being only 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) higher than the southern. This occurrence is due to major influx of fine-grained sediment that accumulates at the north end. The highest point surrounding the Racetrack is the 5,678-foot (1,731 m) high Ubehebe Peak, rising 1,964 feet (599 m) above the lakebed 0.85 miles (1.37 km) to the west.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">playa</a> is in the small Racetrack Valley <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">endorheic basin</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_Mountains_(Inyo_County)" title="Cottonwood Mountains (Inyo County)">Cottonwood Mountains</a> on the east and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Range_(California)" title="Nelson Range (California)">Nelson Range</a> to the west. During periods of heavy rain, water washes down from the surrounding mountains<sup id="cite_ref-Kletetschka2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kletetschka2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> draining into the playa, forming a shallow, short-lived <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_lake" title="Endorheic lake">endorheic lake</a>. Under the hot desert sun, the thin veneer of water quickly evaporates leaving behind a surface layer of soft slick mud. As the mud dries, it shrinks and cracks into a <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> pattern of interlocking <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygons</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The shape of the shallow hydrocarbon lake <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Lacus" title="Ontario Lacus">Ontario Lacus</a> on Saturn's moon <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a> has been compared to that of Racetrack Playa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tleft" style="width:55%;max-width:520px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="360° night-time panorama of the Racetrack Playa. The Milky Way is the visible arc in the center above a sailing stone and tracks from others."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg/512px-Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="512" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg/768px-Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg/1024px-Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Deathvalleysky_nps_big.jpg" title="File:Deathvalleysky nps big.jpg"> </a></div>360° night-time panorama of the Racetrack Playa. The <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> is the visible arc in the center above a <a href="/wiki/Sailing_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing stone">sailing stone</a> and tracks from others.</div></div></div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Racetrack is dry for almost the entire year and has no <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a>. When dry, its surface is covered with small but firm <a href="/wiki/Hexagon" title="Hexagon">hexagonal</a> mud crack polygons that are typically 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 cm) in diameter and about an inch (2.5 cm) thick. The polygons form in sets of three mud cracks at 120° to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days after a precipitation event, small mud curls, otherwise known as "corn flakes" form on the playa surface. Absence of these indicates that wind or another object has scraped away the tiny mud curls. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Runningrock2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Runningrock2.jpg/220px-Runningrock2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Runningrock2.jpg/330px-Runningrock2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Runningrock2.jpg/440px-Runningrock2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2570" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>Sailing stone in Racetrack Playa</figcaption></figure> <p>During the bimodal rainy season (summer and especially winter) a shallow cover of water deposits a thin layer of fine mud on and between the polygons of Racetrack. Heavier winter precipitation temporarily erases them until spring when the dry conditions cause new mud cracks to form in the place of the old cracks. Sandblasting wind continually helps to round the edges of exposed polygons. Annual precipitation is 3 to 4 inches (75 to 100 mm) and ice cover can be 1 to 2.5 inches (2.5 to 6.5 cm) thick. Typically only part of the playa will flood in any given year. </p><p>The Racetrack was vandalised in late 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A portion of the playa's shoreline indicates ice activity, notably on the east side of the southernmost arm. A pavement of angular rock fragments and periodic alignments of bigger stones reveal little ice ramparts. Stone traces and ridges near the shore suggest ice thrusting and shearing.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its thin grain, the pavement has closely matched parts that provide a mosaic-like effect. The pavement is lined with faint stone footprints, mostly to the northeast. Although modest, ice ramparts rise a few inches above the chip pavement. Ice along the beach seemed to be thrusting and shearing, with stones periodically scouring windows in the pavement.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Racetrack Playa's distinctive traits, including its low precipitation, large clay surface, and indications of ice action along the shore, add to its remarkable natural landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mapping">Mapping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mapping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Detailed plots were made by nailing numbered tabs of tracing fabric to the clay along specific paths. Baselines, aligned by <a href="/wiki/Alidade" title="Alidade">alidade</a> beside paths, marked stations at 25 or 50-foot intervals. Distances were measured to the closest 0.005 feet using a 100-foot tape. Trigonometric computations were used to precisely connect the basis lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rock mobility was associated with clear days following sub-freezing nights, which were caused by light breezes and the morning sun breaking up floating ice. Rocks were moved by ice disintegration, with over 60 moving in a single occurrence. Ice frequently fractured near rocks, causing wakes downstream. Some rocks went ahead of others, covering varied lengths. Ice fractures altered neighboring rocks, even those that were close together. The presence of a playa pool with precise depth parameters was a critical requirement for rock motion.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other elements included floating ice, appropriate temperatures, sunlight, and mild winds, which were most common around midday when the ice melted. Because of their origin beneath the ice, the formation of rock trails was difficult to detect. The rocks moved slowly, lasting up to 16 minutes at speeds ranging from 2 to 5 meters per minute. During the coldest weeks, weather station data revealed freezing temperatures and winds of up to 3-5 m/s. Episodic rock motion, which can last for years or decades, has been related to occasional rain or snow episodes that build winter ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailing_stones">Sailing stones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sailing stones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sailing_stones" title="Sailing stones">Sailing stones</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sailing_stones" title="Sailing stones">sailing stones</a> are a geological phenomenon found in the Racetrack. Slabs of <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">dolomite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">syenite</a> ranging from a few hundred grams (few ounces) to hundreds of kilograms (pounds) inscribe visible tracks as they slide across the playa surface, without human or animal intervention. Instead, rocks move when ice sheets just a few millimeters thick<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenz_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenz_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> start to melt during periods of light wind. These thin floating ice panels create an <a href="/wiki/Ice_shove" title="Ice shove">ice shove</a> that moves the rocks at up to five meters (16') per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2017 documentary <i>Principles of Curiosity</i> explores as its central theme the story of how the sailing stones' movement had been a mystery which came to be solved using the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a> and <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands">Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG/300px-Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG/450px-Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG/600px-Death_Valley_NP_-_Racetrack_Playa_-_Grandstand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Grandstand" title="The Grandstand">The Grandstand</a> in the northwest area of the playa</figcaption></figure> <p>Two islands of bedrock <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">outcrops</a> rise dramatically above the playa's surface at its northern end. The larger landmark is <a href="/wiki/The_Grandstand" title="The Grandstand">The Grandstand</a>, a 73-foot (22 m) high dark quartz monzonite outcrop, rising in dramatic contrast from the bright white surface of the Racetrack. The second 'island' feature is a smaller <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> outcrop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springs">Springs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Springs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gindarja_Springs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gindarja_Springs.jpg/220px-Gindarja_Springs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gindarja_Springs.jpg/330px-Gindarja_Springs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Gindarja_Springs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Depressions in the Racetrack playa are intermittent springs that are active at time of precipitation. Detailed view illustrate conical holes where the water comes out on the surface when this area receive excess of precipitation.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three areas of aligned depressions (<a href="/wiki/Intermittent_springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermittent springs">intermittent springs</a>) in the playa. </p><p>Spinal Springs is in the central part of the Racetrack playa. It is 550 metres (600 yards) long and starts, at its northern end, with conical depressions only a few centimeters (inches) deep. Traced southward the depressions increase to ~5 metres (16') in width with scattered <a href="/wiki/Creosote_bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Creosote bush">creosote</a> shrubs. They then narrow and become shallower again, and finally disappear. Further north and south along this linear formation, there were several other depressions that may be a continuation of the Spinal Springs alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kletetschka2013_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kletetschka2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edge Springs is an alignment of the depressions along the southeastern edge of the Racetrack playa. The alignment parallels the toes of <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fans" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial fans">alluvial fans</a> along the base of the steep <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kletetschka2013_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kletetschka2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gindarja Springs is an alignment of depressions that consists of three large indentations aligned in a northwesterly direction within the Racetrack playa. Two are completely within the playa and the third is on the edge. All three are associated with significant vegetation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kletetschka2013_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kletetschka2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visiting">Visiting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Visiting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Racetrack_Playa" title="Special:EditPage/Racetrack Playa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Access is via Racetrack Road, reached at the Grapevine Junction near <a href="/wiki/Scotty%27s_Castle" title="Scotty's Castle">Scotty's Castle</a>. The 28 mile rough gravel road heading south-west from <a href="/wiki/Ubehebe_Crater" title="Ubehebe Crater">Ubehebe Crater</a> is passable with non-<a href="/wiki/4WD" class="mw-redirect" title="4WD">4WD</a> vehicles but requires high ground clearance. It rounds the western side of the playa to a parking area with descriptive signs by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. A bench here, placed by the Mano Seca Group, has scenic views of The Racetrack, The Grandstand, and mountain scenery. Another access to Racetrack Playa is Lippincott pass road that enters the Racetrack valley from the south west, climbing up from <a href="/wiki/Saline_Valley" title="Saline Valley">Saline Valley</a>. Lippincott Pass and the roads in Saline Valley are extremely rough and negotiable for high clearance 4WD vehicles with all-terrain tires only. </p><p>Camping, while not allowed on the playa, is available in "primitive campsite" areas to the north and south. Visiting remote areas of Death Valley National Park bears considerable risk. Summer temperatures can surpass 120 °F (49 °C) in certain spots, large areas are without cellphone reception, roads are treacherous and the closest gas station is in <a href="/wiki/Panamint_Springs,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamint Springs, California">Panamint Springs</a>. </p><p>An observation from the early 1970s calls the current thinking<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2023)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup> into question. During April or May 1972 or 1973, rocks up to 0.25 m in length were spotted moving purely owing to high winds on the wet playa surface. This calls into question the notion that strong winds and a water-slickened playa surface were both required for boulder movement on Racetrack Playa.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015-2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While recent observations have indicated movement by wind alone and by wind operating on small sheets of ice, many features of the phenomena, particularly those involving bigger ice sheets, still require additional investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015-2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Death_Valley" title="Category:Death Valley">Death Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_the_Mojave_Desert" title="Category:Protected areas of the Mojave Desert">Protected areas of the Mojave Desert</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Death_Valley_area" title="Geology of the Death Valley area">Geology of the Death Valley area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_the_Death_Valley_area" title="Places of interest in the Death Valley area">Places of interest in the Death Valley area</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Richard D. Norris, James M. Norris, Ralph D. Lorenz, Jib Ray, Brian Jackson. Aug 27, 2014. “Sliding Rocks on Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: First Observation of Rocks in Motion.” PLOS ONE. <ul><li>Previous beliefs were debunked when researchers found that rocks on Racetrack Playa in Death Valley shifted as a result of thin melting ice sheets breaking away under mild winds. Between December 2013 and January 2014, this ground-breaking observation was made, demonstrating the episodic nature of rock movement on the flat playa surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris-2014_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Stanley, George M, 1 Nov. 1955. “Origin of Playa Stone Tracks, Racetrack Playa, Inyo County, California.” GSA Bulletin, Geological Society of America. <ul><li>Measurements support the theory that the tracks on Racetrack Playa in California, which are thought to be created by moving stones, demonstrate close parallelism that indicates unit movement. Wind-blown ice floes are likely to be pulling protruding stones, casting doubt on the theory that the stones were blown by the wind freely.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jones, Ronald, Hooke, Roger LeB. 2015. “Racetrack Playa: Rocks moved by wind alone.” ScienceDirect. <ul><li>Since their first description in 1948, large rocks up to 320 kg have been seen being moved across Racetrack Playa in Death Valley, leaving unique paths in their wake. The physics of this rock movement, thought to be caused by wind on a wet and slick playa surface, has been a matter of continued discussion for years despite the observation of similar phenomena in other places.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2015-2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2015-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stanley-1955-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley-1955_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStanley1955" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley, George M. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Origin+of+playa+stone+tracks%2C+Racetrack+Playa%2C+Inyo+County%2C+California&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1329-1350&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0016-7606%281955%2966%5B1329%3AOOPSTR%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1955GSAB...66.1329S&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=G.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacetrack+Playa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racetrack_Playa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%2321%3A+Living+Stones+of+Death+Valley&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARacetrack+Playa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1hoiHvOeGc">Video of the Living Stones of Death Valley</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041031155120/http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/docs/parks/deva/ftrac1.html">USGS: Racetrack Playa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reymisterios.com/misterios-sin-resolver/las-piedras-que-se-mueven-solas-valle-de-la-muerte.htm">Las piedras que se mueven solas valle de la muerte ( Español )</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geology.com/articles/racetrack-playa-sliding-rocks.shtml">The Sliding Rocks of Racetrack Playa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013164343/http://sophia.smith.edu/~lfletche/deathvalley.html">The Mystery of the Rocks on the Racetrack at Death Valley</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071202123403/http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/docs/parks/deva/ftracPM.html">Differential GPS/GIS analysis of the sliding rock phenomenon of Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://racetrackplaya.org">Rocks in Motion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://principlesofcuriosity.com/">Principles of Curiosity</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Death_Valley_and_Death_Valley_National_Park" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_Valley" title="Template:Death Valley"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death_Valley" title="Template talk:Death Valley"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Death_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Death Valley"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Death_Valley_and_Death_Valley_National_Park" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">Fauna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amargosa_springsnail" title="Amargosa springsnail">Amargosa springsnail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badwater_snail" title="Badwater snail">Badwater snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Borax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwalla" title="Chuckwalla">Chuckwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplacus_rupicola" title="Diplacus rupicola">Death Valley monkeyflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_pupfish" title="Death Valley pupfish">Death Valley pupfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_June_beetle" title="Death Valley June beetle">Death Valley June beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Hole_pupfish" title="Devils Hole pupfish">Devils Hole pupfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs_pupfish" title="Saratoga Springs pupfish">Saratoga Springs pupfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amargosa_Opera_House_and_Hotel" title="Amargosa Opera House and Hotel">Amargosa Opera House and Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badwater,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Badwater, California">Badwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_%2749ers" title="Death Valley '49ers">Death Valley '49ers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_Railroad" title="Death Valley Railroad">Death Valley Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwater,_California" title="Greenwater, California">Greenwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony_Borax_Works" title="Harmony Borax Works">Harmony Borax Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manly" title="Lake Manly">Lake Manly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidoo,_California" title="Skidoo, California">Skidoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_and_Tidewater_Railroad" title="Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad">Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-mule_team" title="Twenty-mule team">Twenty-mule team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_the_Death_Valley_area" title="Places of interest in the Death Valley area">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amargosa_Range" title="Amargosa Range">Amargosa Range</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amargosa_River" title="Amargosa River">River</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amargosa_Valley,_Nevada" title="Amargosa Valley, Nevada">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Meadows_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge">Ash Meadows NWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badwater_Basin" title="Badwater Basin">Badwater Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat,_California" title="Ballarat, California">Ballarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatty,_Nevada" title="Beatty, Nevada">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains_(California)" title="Black Mountains (California)">Black Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_City,_California" title="Chloride City, California">Chloride City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_Mountains_(Inyo_County)" title="Cottonwood Mountains (Inyo County)">Cottonwood Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_View" title="Dante's View">Dante's View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Falls" title="Darwin Falls">Darwin Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_Junction,_California" title="Death Valley Junction, California">Death Valley Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Golf_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil's Golf Course">Devil's Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Valley_(Inyo_County)" title="Eureka Valley (Inyo County)">Eureka Valley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Valley_Sand_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka Valley Sand Dunes">Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Mountains" title="Funeral Mountains">Funeral Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_Creek,_California" title="Furnace Creek, California">Furnace Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamint_City,_California" title="Panamint City, California">Panamint City</a> / <a href="/wiki/Panamint_Range" title="Panamint Range">Panamint Range</a> / <a href="/wiki/Panamint_Springs,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamint Springs, California">Panamint Springs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Panamint_Valley" title="Panamint Valley">Panamint Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Canyon_(California)" title="Rainbow Canyon (California)">Rainbow Canyon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Racetrack Playa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite,_Nevada" title="Rhyolite, Nevada">Rhyolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_Valley,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Saline Valley, California">Saline Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs_(Death_Valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratoga Springs (Death Valley)">Saratoga Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotty%27s_Castle" title="Scotty's Castle">Scotty's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stovepipe_Wells,_California" title="Stovepipe Wells, California">Stovepipe Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope_Peak" title="Telescope Peak">Telescope Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trona,_San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="Trona, San Bernardino County, California">Trona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubehebe_Crater" title="Ubehebe Crater">Ubehebe Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabriskie_Point" title="Zabriskie Point">Zabriskie Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>California: <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_127" title="California State Route 127">SR 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_178" title="California State Route 178">SR 178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_190" title="California State Route 190">SR 190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trona_Railway" title="Trona Railway">Trona Railway</a></li> <li>Nevada: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_95_in_Nevada" title="U.S. Route 95 in Nevada">US 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_267" title="Nevada State Route 267">SR 267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_373" title="Nevada State Route 373">SR 373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Route_374" title="Nevada State Route 374">SR 374</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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