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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funiculars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funiculars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Funiculars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funiculars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valparaíso_public_transportation_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valparaíso_public_transportation_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Valparaíso public transportation statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valparaíso_public_transportation_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_of_Valparaíso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_of_Valparaíso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Port of Valparaíso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_of_Valparaíso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Educational establishments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>University establishments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valparaíso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 222 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-222" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">222 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AB%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%93%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B6" title="ቫልፓራይሶ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫልፓራይሶ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(on_Cilan)" title="Valparaíso (on Cilan) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Valparaíso (on Cilan)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Валпараисо – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Валпараисо" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="فالبارايسو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فالبارايسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%98" title="ܒܐܠܦܐܪܐܝܣܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܐܠܦܐܪܐܝܣܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Cile)" title="Valparaíso (Cile) – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Valparaíso (Cile)" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso,_Ch%C2%B7ili" title="Valparaíso, Ch·ili – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Valparaíso, Ch·ili" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="ولپریسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولپریسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B" title="ভালপারাইসো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভালপারাইসো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile)" title="Valparaíso (Chile) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Valparaíso (Chile)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Вальпараіса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вальпараіса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Вальпараіса – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вальпараіса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="वालपाराईसो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वालपाराईसो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Валпараисо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валпараисо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC" title="བལྤ་རཨིསོ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བལྤ་རཨིསོ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Dakbayan sa Valparaíso – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC" title="བལྤ་རཨིསོ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བལྤ་རཨིསོ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%90%CF%83%CE%BF" title="Βαλπαραΐσο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλπαραΐσο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="والپارایسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والپارایسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso,_an_tSile" title="Valparaíso, an tSile – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Valparaíso, an tSile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%95%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2" title="瓦尔帕莱索 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="瓦尔帕莱索" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A4" title="بالپارايسؤ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بالپارايسؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B" title="વાલ્પારાઇસો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાલ્પારાઇસો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍀𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%8C%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%86%8C" title="발파라이소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발파라이소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8" title="Վալպարաիսո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալպարաիսո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="वालपाराईसो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वालपाराईसो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile)" title="Valparaíso (Chile) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Valparaíso (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%99%E1%93%AA%E1%90%B8%E1%95%83%E1%93%B1" title="ᕙᓪᐸᕃᓱ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕙᓪᐸᕃᓱ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IValparaiso" title="IValparaiso – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IValparaiso" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95" title="ולפראיסו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ולפראיסו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D" title="ვალპარაისო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალპარაისო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso,_Chili" title="Valparaíso, Chili – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Valparaíso, Chili" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A" title="ບັນປາລາອີໂຊ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບັນປາລາອີໂຊ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiz" title="Valparaiz – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Valparaiz" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallis_Paradisi" title="Vallis Paradisi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vallis Paradisi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaisas" title="Valparaisas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valparaisas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(stad)" title="Valparaíso (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Valparaíso (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balparai" title="Balparai – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Balparai" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bal%27pays" title="bal'pays – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bal'pays" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile)" title="Valparaíso (Chile) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valparaíso (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="वल्परैसो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वल्परैसो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Валпараисо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Валпараисо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Silia)" title="Valparaíso (Silia) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Valparaíso (Silia)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B" title="വൽപറാസിയോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൽപറാസിയോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B" title="बाल्परेझो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाल्परेझो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D" title="ვალპარაისო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვალპარაისო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="فالبارايسو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فالبارايسو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="ولپریسو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولپریسو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile)" title="Valparaíso (Chile) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Valparaíso (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗယ်လ်ပါရိုင်ဆိုမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗယ်လ်ပါရိုင်ဆိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(stad)" title="Valparaíso (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valparaíso (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="भलपाराइसो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भलपाराइसो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="वाल्पाराइसो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वाल्पाराइसो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BD" title="バルパライソ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルパライソ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B" title="ਬਾਲਪਰਾਈਸੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਲਪਰਾਈਸੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="والپرائیسو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="والپرائیسو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiyso" title="Valparaiyso – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Valparaiyso" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC" title="បាល់ប៉ារ៉ាអ៊ីសូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បាល់ប៉ារ៉ាអ៊ីសូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparais" title="Valparais – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Valparais" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile)" title="Valparaíso (Chile) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valparaíso (Chile)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="वालपाराईसो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वालपाराईसो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D" title="වල්පරයිසෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වල්පරයිසෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(mesto)" title="Valparaíso (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valparaíso (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalparaizo" title="Baalparaizo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baalparaizo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%86" title="ڤالپارایسۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤالپارایسۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balparaiso" title="Balparaiso – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Balparaiso" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Валпараисо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валпараисо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="வல்பெய்ரசோவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வல்பெய்ரசோவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B" title="వల్పరైజో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వల్పరైజో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B" title="บัลปาราอิโซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บัลปาราอิโซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso,_%C5%9Eili" title="Valparaíso, Şili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valparaíso, Şili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараисо – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вальпараисо" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Вальпараїсо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вальпараїсо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88" title="بآلپارایسو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بآلپارایسو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%88" title="ۋالپاراىسو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋالپاراىسو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%27paraiso" title="Val'paraiso – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Val'paraiso" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso" title="Valparaiso – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Valparaiso" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparayso" title="Valparayso – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Valparayso" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%95%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%A2" title="瓦爾帕萊索 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="瓦爾帕萊索" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%95%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2" title="瓦尔帕莱索 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦尔帕莱索" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90" title="וואלפאראיסא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלפאראיסא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%95%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%A2" title="瓦爾帕萊索 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瓦爾帕萊索" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Valparaíso" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C4%97sos" title="Valparaėsos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Valparaėsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%95%E8%8E%B1%E7%B4%A2" title="瓦尔帕莱索 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦尔帕莱索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Valpara%C3%ADso&params=33_02_46_S_71_37_11_W_region:CL-VL_type:city(296655)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°02′46″S</span> <span class="longitude">71°37′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.04611°S 71.61972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.04611; -71.61972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valparaiso&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Valparaiso">Valparaiso</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second largest city in Chile</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Chile. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Valparaíso (disambiguation)">Valparaíso (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Chile</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Valparaíso</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:183px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg/288px-Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg/432px-Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg/576px-Historic_Quarter_of_the_Seaport_City_of_Valpara%C3%ADso_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="638" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="#Cityscape">historic quarter</a> with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_Church_of_Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran Church of Valparaíso (page does not exist)">Lutheran Church</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_luterana_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="extiw" title="es:Iglesia luterana de Valparaíso">es</a>]</span> on the left</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div style=";height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intendencia3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/202px-Intendencia3.JPG" decoding="async" width="202" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/303px-Intendencia3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/404px-Intendencia3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2416" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Edificio_Armada_de_Chile" title="Edificio Armada de Chile">Edificio Armada de Chile</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div style=";height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique,_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg/82px-Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg/123px-Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg/164px-Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso_20200207_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3461" data-file-height="5191" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monument_to_the_Heroes_of_Iquique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monument to the Heroes of Iquique (page does not exist)">Iquique Heroes Monument</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumento_a_los_H%C3%A9roes_de_Iquique" class="extiw" title="es:Monumento a los Héroes de Iquique">es</a>]</span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style=";height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/95px-Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/143px-Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/190px-Ascensor_Artilleria_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Artiller%C3%ADa_funicular_railway" title="Artillería funicular railway">Artillería funicular</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div style=";height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador,_Valpara%C3%ADso,_Chile.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG/189px-Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG" decoding="async" width="189" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG/284px-Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG/378px-Iglesia_La_Matriz_del_Salvador%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_la_Matriz" title="Iglesia de la Matriz">Matriz Church</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div style=";height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Sebastiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/La_Sebastiana.jpg/70px-La_Sebastiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/La_Sebastiana.jpg/105px-La_Sebastiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/La_Sebastiana.jpg/140px-La_Sebastiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Sebastiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Sebastiana (page does not exist)">La Sebastiana</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Sebastiana" class="extiw" title="es:La Sebastiana">es</a>]</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:216px;max-width:216px"><div style=";height:105px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_(48338327532).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg/214px-Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg/321px-Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg/428px-Valpara%C3%ADso_%2848338327532%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="1387" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Cityscape as seen from the sea</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cellt"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Valparaiso,_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Valparaíso"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg/125px-Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg/188px-Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg/250px-Flag_of_Valparaiso%2C_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_(Chile).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Valparaíso"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg/85px-Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg/128px-Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg/170px-Escudo_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_%28Chile%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Valparaíso commune in the Valparaíso Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/81px-Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/121px-Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/161px-Comuna_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div> </div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cellt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:150px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:150px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:150px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Chile"><img alt="Location in Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/150px-Chile_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/225px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Chile_location_map.svg/300px-Chile_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="2658" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.016%;left:49.401%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Valparaíso"><img alt="Location in Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Valparaíso</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Chile</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Jewel of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a>, Valpo</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Valpara%C3%ADso&params=33_02_46_S_71_37_11_W_region:CL-VL_type:city(296655)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°02′46″S</span> <span class="longitude">71°37′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.04611°S 71.61972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.04611; -71.61972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Chile" title="Regions of Chile">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1536</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_de_Arriba" title="Valparaíso de Arriba">Valparaíso de Arriba</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Valparaíso</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Official_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Camila Nieto (<a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_party)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political party)">FA</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">401.6 km<sup>2</sup> (155.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 m (30 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017 census)<sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">296,655</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">740/km<sup>2</sup> (1,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">295,918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">951,311</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">737</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Porte%C3%B1o" title="Porteño">Porteño</a></i></span> (m), <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Porteña</i></span> (f)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total (Metro)</th><td class="infobox-data">$28.7 billion<sup id="cite_ref-TelluBase_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelluBase-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$28,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CLT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%923" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−3">UTC−3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Chile" title="Time in Chile">CLST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>(country)</i> 56 + <i>(city)</i> 32</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate#Warm-summer_Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Csb</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl/">www<wbr />.municipalidaddevalparaiso<wbr />.cl</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33986#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valparaíso</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[balpaɾaˈiso]</a></span>) is a major city, <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Chile" title="Communes of Chile">commune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">seaport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> facility in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a> is the second-largest populace in the country, as well as the second-largest city in the Greater Valparaíso <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metro area</a> (behind <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>). Valparaíso was named originally for <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_de_Arriba" title="Valparaíso de Arriba">Valparaíso de Arriba</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castile-La Mancha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. It is located about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, by road, and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>'s most important seaports. Valparaíso is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of Chile's second most-populated administrative region and has been the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> headquarters since 1817, as well as being the seat of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chilean National Congress</a> (since 1990). </p><p>Valparaíso played an important geopolitical role in the second half of the 19th century when it served as a major stopover for ships traveling between the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> oceans via the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Magellan" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Magellan">Straits of Magellan</a>. The area experienced rapid growth during its golden age as a magnet for European immigrants, when the city was known by international sailors as "Little <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>" and "jewel of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable acquisitions from this golden age include <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>'s oldest <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a>, the continent's first volunteer <a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire department</a>, Chile's first <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public library</a>, and the oldest <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> newspaper in continuous publication in the world, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso">El Mercurio de Valparaíso</a></i></span>. In 2003, the historic quarter of Valparaíso was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. </p><p>The twentieth century was unfavorable to Valparaíso, as many wealthy families abandoned the city. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> in 1914, and the associated reduction in ship traffic, dealt a serious blow to the region's shipping- and port-based economy. By the 21st century, the port of <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a> had surpassed Valparaíso in trade volume (<a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU</a>) handled,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the questioning of its traditional moniker of <i>Puerto Principal</i> ("principal port") of Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between the years of 2000 to 2015, the city experienced a recovery, attracting artists, tourists, and cultural entrepreneurs, who settled after they were attracted by the city's hillside historic districts. Today, many thousands of people visit Valparaíso each month, from Chile and abroad, to enjoy the city's labyrinth of cobbled alleys and colorful buildings. The Port of Valparaíso still continues to be a major distribution center for container traffic, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, and fruit exports. It also receives growing attention from cruise ships that visit during the South American summer. Most significantly, Valparaíso has transformed itself into a major educational and entertainment hub, with four large <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Traditional_Universities" title="Chilean Traditional Universities">traditional universities</a>, and several large <a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">vocational colleges</a>. </p><p>While the city is well-known for its <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian culture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is also famous as the home of several highly-regarded music festivals and other artistic events. The largest, and arguably most iconic, is the annual <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival" title="Viña del Mar International Song Festival"><i>Viña Del Mar International Song Festival</i></a> (often simply called "Viña" or "Viña Del Mar"). Typically held in March, in a recently-refurbished, 40,000-capacity <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheater</a>, "Viña" is one of the biggest annual economic boosts to the region, as the event usually sells-out completely, and thousands of attendees and workers will travel to and stay in the city and metro area. In addition to showcasing numerous performers of many styles, and awarding various prizes, the internationally-televised and <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live-streamed</a> festival is typically headlined by superstar musicians, from both the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Spanish-</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>-speaking worlds. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Special:EditPage/Valparaíso">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22">"Valparaíso"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some older works starting with <a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Vicu%C3%B1a_Mackenna" title="Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna">Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna</a> (1869) claim that Valparaíso was within the range of the <a href="/wiki/Chango_people" title="Chango people">Chango people</a>, but clear evidence for this is lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bay of Valparaíso's first ethnically identifiable population were <a href="/wiki/Picunche" title="Picunche">Picunche</a> natives, known for their agriculture. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> explorers, considered the first European discoverers of Chile, arrived in 1536, aboard the <i>Santiaguillo</i>, a supply ship sent by <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a>. The <i>Santiaguillo</i> carried men and supplies for Almagro's expedition, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Saavedra" title="Juan de Saavedra">Juan de Saavedra</a>, who named the town after his native village of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_de_Arriba" title="Valparaíso de Arriba">Valparaíso de Arriba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuenca_Province_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuenca Province (Spain)">Cuenca Province</a>, Spain. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpo1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Valpo1830.jpg/330px-Valpo1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Valpo1830.jpg/495px-Valpo1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Valpo1830.jpg/660px-Valpo1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>View of Valparaíso Bay (1830)</figcaption></figure> <p>During Spanish colonial times, Valparaíso remained a small village, with only a few houses and a church. On some occasions she was attacked by English pirates and privateers, such as <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> with his ship <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hind" title="Golden Hind">Golden Hind</a></i> in 1578<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later his cousin <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hawkins" title="Richard Hawkins">Richard Hawkins</a> with his ship <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Dainty_(1588)" title="English ship Dainty (1588)"><i>Dainty</i></a> in 1594. Drake's sack of Valparaíso gave origin to the legend about <a href="/wiki/Cueva_del_Pirata" title="Cueva del Pirata">Cueva del Pirata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sonia2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sonia2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caleta_el_Membrillo,_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/220px-Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/330px-Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/440px-Caleta_el_Membrillo%2C_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1831" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption>Valparaíso before 1846, by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Moritz_Rugendas" title="Johann Moritz Rugendas">Johann Moritz Rugendas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1810, a wealthy merchant built the first pier in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chile" title="History of Chile">history of Chile</a> and the first during the colonial era. In its place today, stands the building of El Mercurio de Valparaíso. The ocean then rose to this point. Reclamation of land from the sea moved the coastline five blocks away. Between 1810 and 1830, he built much of the existing port of the city, including much of the land reclamation work that now comprises the city's commercial centre. </p><p>In 1814, the naval <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Battle of Valparaíso">Battle of Valparaíso</a> was fought offshore of the town, between American and British ships involved in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. After Chile's independence from Spain (1818), beginning the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Chile">Republican Era</a>, Valparaíso became the main harbour for the nascent Chilean navy, and opened international trade opportunities that had been formerly limited to Spain and its other colonies. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso,_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg/220px-Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg/330px-Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg/440px-Bah%C3%ADa_de_Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Valparaíso (c. 1863)</figcaption></figure> <p>Valparaíso soon became a desired stopover for ships rounding South America via the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Magellan" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Magellan">Straits of Magellan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>. It gained particular importance supporting and supplying the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> (1848–1858). As a major seaport, Valparaíso received immigrants from many European countries, mainly from <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="German Chilean">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chilean">Italy</a>. German, French, Italian and English were commonly spoken among its citizens, who founded and published newspapers in these languages. </p><p>Valparaíso found maritime competition with Callao (Perú). Both cities sought to be the dominant port on the Pacific Coast of South America during the period of time known as the High Trade (1880–1930). <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="British Chilean">British community</a>, <i>La Colonia Britanica</i>, prospered in Valparaíso between the 1820s and 1920s. Firms such as <a href="/wiki/Antony_Gibbs_%26_Sons" title="Antony Gibbs & Sons">Antony Gibbs & Sons</a>, Duncan Fox, and <a href="/wiki/Williamson-Balfour_Company" title="Williamson-Balfour Company">Williamson-Balfour Company</a> were doing business in the town, which had become a significant trading center by 1840, with 166 British ships, out of a total of 287, anchored in its port. The British settled on Cerro Alegre (Mount Pleasant) and Cerro Concepción. The Association of Voluntary Firemen was created in 1851, a telegraph service to Santiago was operating by 1852, and Chile's first telephone service was set up in 1880. The British Hospital was founded in 1897, and the British Arch, <i>Arco Británico</i>, was erected in 1911. However, by 1895, Italian immigrants exceeded the British, and both the Italians and Germans were in larger numbers by 1907. By 1920, both the Italians and Spanish outnumbered the British, and the primary British community within Chile resided in Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG/220px-Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG/330px-Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG/440px-Terremoto_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_1906.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1906_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1906 Valparaíso earthquake">1906 Valparaíso earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>International immigration transformed the local culture from Spanish origins and Amerindian origins, in ways that included the construction of the first non-Catholic cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dissidents_Cemetery" title="Dissidents Cemetery">Dissidents' Cemetery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football (soccer)</a> was introduced to Chile by <a href="/wiki/English_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="English Chilean">English immigrants</a>; and the first private Catholic school in Chile, <i>Le Collège des Sacrés Cœurs</i> ("Sacred Hearts College") and its accompanying <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Hearts_Church_(Valpara%C3%ADso)" title="Sacred Hearts Church (Valparaíso)">Sacred Hearts Church</a>, by <a href="/wiki/French_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="French Chilean">French immigrants</a>. Immigrants from Scotland and Germany founded the first private secular schools (<a href="/wiki/The_Mackay_School" title="The Mackay School">The Mackay School</a> and <i>Die Deutsche Schule</i>, respectively). Immigrants formed the first volunteer fire-fighting units (still a volunteer activity in Chile). Their buildings reflected a variety of European styles, making Valparaíso more varied than some other Chilean cities. </p><p>On 16 August 1906, a major earthquake struck Valparaíso; there was extensive property damage and thousands of deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chilean doctor, Carlos Van Buren, of <a href="/wiki/North_Americans_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="North Americans in Chile">U.S.</a> descent, was involved in the medical care of earthquake victims. He later established the Hospital Carlos Van Buren in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The golden age of Valparaíso's commerce ended after the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> in 1914. Shipping shifted to the canal as captains sought to avoid the risks of the Strait of Magellan. The port's use and traffic declined significantly, causing a decline in the city's economy. The opening of the Panama Canal was one of the most critical events in the shaping of Valparaío's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the turn of the 21st century, shipping has increased in the last few decades with fruit exports, opening the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean economy">Chilean economy</a> to world commerce, and larger-scale, <a href="/wiki/Post-Panamax" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Panamax">Post-Panamax</a> ships that do not fit the Panama Canal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg/220px-Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg/330px-Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Daguerreotype of Valparaíso about 1852</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg/220px-Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg/330px-Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg/440px-Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Valparaiso_en_1864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Picture of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Church_(Valpara%C3%ADso)" title="San Francisco Church (Valparaíso)">Church of San Francisco</a> in 1864</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muelle_de_Pasajeros,_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg/220px-Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg/330px-Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg/440px-Muelle_de_Pasajeros%2C_1888_-_F%C3%A9lix_Leblanc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>Picture of the city in 1888</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita,_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso,_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png/220px-Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png/330px-Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png/440px-Rita%2C_a_show_seller_in_Valpairiso%2C_by_Adele_de_Dombasle.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Rita, a shoe seller in the city, by <a href="/wiki/Adele_de_Dombasle" class="mw-redirect" title="Adele de Dombasle">Adele de Dombasle</a> c.1847-48</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 March 1814, the USS <i>Essex</i> was defeated by British frigates <i>Phoebe</i> and <i>Cherub</i> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, leading to the deaths of 58 US Marines. Captain <a href="/wiki/David_Porter_(naval_officer)" title="David Porter (naval officer)">David Porter</a>, a survivor of this attack, would retire to <a href="/wiki/Portersville,_Indiana" title="Portersville, Indiana">Portersville, Indiana</a>, and request changing the name to <a href="/wiki/Valparaiso,_Indiana" title="Valparaiso, Indiana">Valparaiso</a>, commemorating the only naval battle he ever lost. By 2 August 1820, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Expedition_of_Per%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Expedition of Perú">Liberating Expedition of Peru</a> sailed from Valparaíso. </p><p>At 10:30 pm on the evening of 19 November 1822, Valparaíso experienced a violent earthquake that left the city in ruins; of the 16,000 residents, casualties included at least 66 adults and 12 children, as well as 110 people wounded. The next day, a meteor trail was visible from Quillota to Valparaíso, seen as a religious experience for much of the population. </p><p>In 1826, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> Great Britain established a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Station" title="Pacific Station">South America Station</a> in Valparaíso to maintain British naval interest in the region. It would remain until 1837, when it was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Esquimalt,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Esquimalt, British Columbia">Esquimalt, British Columbia</a>. 12 September 1827 saw the establishment of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso">El Mercurio de Valparaíso</a></i></span>, the oldest circulating newspaper in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> worldwide. </p><p>In May 1828, a constitutional convention began regular meetings in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Church_(Valpara%C3%ADso)" title="San Francisco Church (Valparaíso)">church of San Francisco</a>. By August 9, the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Constitution_of_1980" title="Chilean Constitution of 1980">Constitution of the Republic of Chile</a> was fully drafted and disseminated. </p><p>On 6 June 1837, Minister <a href="/wiki/Diego_Portales" title="Diego Portales">Diego Portales</a> was shot at the port outside of <a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%B3n_Hill" title="Barón Hill">Baron Hill</a> on suspicion of promoting conspirators who opposed the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">Peru-Bolivian Confederation</a>, considered a turning point of Chilean public opinion and the purpose of the war. </p><p>By 1851, the first fire brigade in the country was formed. The next year potable running water became available, as well as the first <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> service in Latin America, between the city and <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>. It would be another four years before streetlights, with 700 gas lanterns, were installed. In 1861 the first tram company was formed, mostly using horses or mules to draw them, and fully established over the next few years. </p><p>In 1852, British shipping company Williamson, Balfour & Cía was established in Valparaíso to handle trade in the region. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking advantage of the total lack of defenses, a Spanish fleet commanded by <a href="/wiki/Casto_M%C3%A9ndez_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez" title="Casto Méndez Núñez">Casto Méndez Núñez</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Bombardment of Valparaíso">bombarded the city</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands_War" title="Chincha Islands War">Chincha Islands War</a> in 1866. Chilean merchant ships were sunk, except for those vessels whose captains hoisted foreign flags. </p><p>A merger of the National Steamship Company and Chilean Steamship Company, the <a href="/wiki/CSAV" title="CSAV">South American Steamship Company</a> was created as a national response to the increasing dominance of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company in 1872. In 1880 the Chilean Telephone Company was formed by Americans Joseph Husbands, Peter MacKellar, James Martin, and the US consul Lucius Foot, the first official telephone company in the country. Three years later on the first of December, Concepción funicular opened, the first of many hydraulic systems. After the country's independence and its consequent openness to international trade, Valparaíso became an important port of call on trade routes through the Eastern Pacific. Many immigrants settled there, mostly from Europe and North America, who helped include Valparaíso and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> sweeping other parts of the world. This created a different city with civil, financial, commercial and industrial institutions, many of which still exist today. </p><p>All this resulted in a population increases. The city reached more than 160,000 inhabitants in the late nineteenth century, making it necessary to use the steep hills for more houses, mansions and even cemeteries. The lack of available land caused the city authorities and developers to reclaim low lying tidal marshland (polders) upon which to build administrative, commercial and industrial infrastructure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba,_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903,_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg/220px-Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg/330px-Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg/440px-Titulares_con_que_El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso_informaba%2C_el_14_de_mayo_de_1903%2C_de_lo_ocurrido_dos_d%C3%ADas_antes..jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>Headlines of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso">El Mercurio de Valparaíso</a></i></span> on 14 May 1903. In English, it reads: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Strike of the Seafarers. Fire of the South American Company. Assault on the printing press of <i>El Mercurio</i>. Fire of the Malecon. Attitude of the Authority. The troops arrived from Santiago. The calm is restored. Meetings in the Municipality. It reaches an Arrangement. The Court of Appeals. The city in State of Siege.</p></blockquote> <i>El Mercurio, 1903</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The twentieth century began with the first big protest of dockworkers, Chile on 15 April 1903, due to complaints by dockers about their excessive working hours and demands for higher wages, requests that were ignored by employers, creating a tense situation that led to serious violence on 12 May. There were protests and the burning of the <a href="/wiki/CSAV" title="CSAV">CSAV</a> offices and several people were shot and killed. All this prompted intervention by the state. This protest was important for the future of Trade Unionism in the country. That same year, electric trams were introduced. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1906_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1906 Valparaíso earthquake">1906 Valparaíso earthquake</a> caused severe damage throughout the city on 16 August, which was at that time the heart of the Chilean economy. The damage was valued at hundreds of millions of pesos of the time, and human victims were counted at 3,000 dead and over 20,000 injured. After the removal of the debris, reconstruction work began. This included the widening of streets, culverting and covering streams, (Jaime and Delicias – creating the avenues Francia and Argentina respectively). The main street of the city (Pedro Montt) was laid and Plaza O'Higgins was created; a hill was removed to allow the passage of Colon Street. The damaged Edwards mansion was demolished and in its place, the present Cathedral of Valparaíso was built and, among many other works, this gave shape to the Almendral Valparaíso area. </p><p>In 1910, the port expansion work of the city, which ended in 1930, began. A long breakwater was built, along with piers and docking terminals. </p><p>The Imperial German East Asia Squadron engaged the British West Indies Squadron on 1 November 1914 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel" title="Battle of Coronel">Battle of Coronel</a> off the coast of Valparaiso, sinking two British cruisers. After the battle the East Asia Squadron stayed in Valparaiso Harbor before continuing to the Falklands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intendencia3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/300px-Intendencia3.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/450px-Intendencia3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Intendencia3.JPG/600px-Intendencia3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edificio_Armada_de_Chile" title="Edificio Armada de Chile">Edificio Armada de Chile</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chile's legislature along with other institutions of national importance like the National Customs Service, the National Fish and Aquaculture Ministry, the Ministry of Culture and the Barracks General of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> are sited in the city. In addition to the capital of the Valparaíso Region hosts the Regional Administration and government. </p><p>In 2003, Valparaíso became an <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Centre">UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a>. This title was awarded to Valparaiso for its unique urban form, as well as its clear maintained historical background as a colorful port city. In becoming a World Heritage Center, Valparaíso is tasked with maintaining its cultural heritage, through the maintenance of its historic infrastructure, like its <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_funiculars" title="Valparaíso funiculars">Ascensores</a>. </p><p>On 13 April 2014, <a href="/wiki/2014_Valpara%C3%ADso_wildfire" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Valparaíso wildfire">a huge brush fire</a> burned out of control, destroying 2,800 homes and killing 16 people, forcing President <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> to declare it a disaster zone.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early February 2024, a huge brush fire burned through Valparaiso and central Chile, killing at least 131 people.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Special:EditPage/Valparaíso">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22">"Valparaíso"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Valpara%C3%ADso%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Valparaíso is located in central Chile, 120 km (75 mi) to the north west of the capital <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>. Valparaíso, like most of Chile, is vulnerable to earthquakes. Before the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">earthquake of February 27, 2010</a>, which measured 8.8 on the <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last catastrophic earthquake to strike Valparaíso devastated the city in <a href="/wiki/1906_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1906 Valparaíso earthquake">August 1906</a>, killing nearly 3,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other significant earthquakes to affect the city were the <a href="/wiki/1730_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1730 Valparaíso earthquake">1730 Valparaíso earthquake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1985_Algarrobo_earthquake" title="1985 Algarrobo earthquake">1985 Algarrobo earthquake</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of Valparaíso's proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Chile_Trench" title="Peru–Chile Trench">Peru–Chile Trench</a>, the city is vulnerable to earthquakes. The Peru–Chile Trench stores large amounts of energy for a very long time and sometimes ruptures after short intervals in a violent earthquake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valparaíso has a very mild <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Csb</i>). The summer is essentially dry, but the city is affected by fogs from the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt Current</a> during most of the year. In the winter, rainfall can occasionally be extremely heavy when a powerful frontal system crosses central Chile, but frequency of such rains varies greatly from year to year. Monthly average temperatures vary just around 6°C between the coolest and the warmest month, from 17 °C (63 °F) in January to 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) in July. Snowfall occurs rarely in the highest parts of the city. In winter, strong winds can lead to <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> temperatures below freezing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Valparaíso, Chile (Punta Angeles Lighthouse, located at <a href="/wiki/Playa_Ancha_University" title="Playa Ancha University">Playa Ancha University</a>) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1970–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(0.05) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(0.59) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.1<br />(4.18) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.2<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(0.50) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">363.2<br />(14.30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279.0 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.7 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.0 </td> <td style="background: #B3B36E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.7 </td> <td style="background: #999999; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.0 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B566; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.8 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,119.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (humidity 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-climatenormals_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climatenormals-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-promediotemp_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promediotemp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-records_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Climate & Temperature (sunshine hours),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (precipitation days 1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Valparaíso (<a href="/wiki/Rodelillo_Airfield" title="Rodelillo Airfield">Rodelillo Airfield</a>) 1991–2020, extremes 1975–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(0.80) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.0<br />(3.78) </td> <td style="background: #06FF06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.7<br />(6.37) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.3<br />(3.52) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.7<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(1.49) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(0.61) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">523.9<br />(20.63) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (precipitation days 1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/220px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/330px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cerro_Concepcion.jpg/440px-Cerro_Concepcion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cerro Concepción</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: iii</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/959">959</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2003 (27th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">23.2 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">44.5 ha</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg/200px-Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg/300px-Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg/400px-Valpara%C3%ADso_-_20081207-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="3836" /></a><figcaption>A street in Valparaiso</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coloured_Fronts_(3927272807).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg/300px-Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg/450px-Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg/600px-Coloured_Fronts_%283927272807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Many houses in Valparaíso are colourfully painted</figcaption></figure> <p>Nicknamed "The Jewel of the Pacific", Valparaíso was declared a world heritage site based upon its improvised urban design and unique architecture. In 1996, the World Monuments Fund declared Valparaíso's unusual system of <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular</a> lifts (steeply inclined carriages) one of the world's 100 most endangered historical treasures. In 1998, grassroots activists convinced the Chilean government and local authorities to apply for UNESCO world heritage status for Valparaíso. Valparaíso was declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Chile" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2003. Built upon dozens of steep hillsides overlooking the Pacific Ocean, Valparaíso has a labyrinth of streets and cobblestone alleyways, embodying a rich architectural and cultural legacy. Valparaíso is protected as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. </p><p>Since its status as a World Heritage Site, Valparaíso has made several changes to its urban fabric in the process of maintaining its cultural heritage. </p><p>Landmarks include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_la_Matriz" title="Iglesia de la Matriz">Iglesia de la Matriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_An%C3%ADbal_Pinto" title="Plaza Aníbal Pinto">Plaza Aníbal Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Sotomayor" title="Plaza Sotomayor">Plaza Sotomayor</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Edificio_Armada_de_Chile" title="Edificio Armada de Chile">Edificio Armada de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edificio_Luis_Cousi%C3%B1o" title="Edificio Luis Cousiño">Edificio Luis Cousiño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_los_Tribunales_de_Justicia_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia de Valparaíso">Courthouse</a></li> <li>16 remaining <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a> (called ascensores): 15 public (national monuments) and 1 private (which belongs to "Hospital Carlos Van Buren").<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Concepcion and Alegre historical district</li> <li>The Bellavista hill, which has the "Museo a Cielo Abierto" or "open air museum"</li> <li>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Admiral Lord Thomas Alexander Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald</a></li> <li>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blanco_Encalada" title="Manuel Blanco Encalada">Manuel Blanco Encalada</a>, first Chilean President</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capilla_del_Carmen_(Valpara%C3%ADso)" title="Capilla del Carmen (Valparaíso)">Capilla del Carmen</a></li> <li>Cemeteries on <a href="/wiki/Pante%C3%B3n_Hill" title="Panteón Hill">Panteón Hill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cementerio_N%C2%B0_1_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Cementerio N° 1 de Valparaíso">Cemetery Number One</a> (Catholic) and <a href="/wiki/Dissidents_Cemetery" title="Dissidents Cemetery">Dissidents Cemetery</a> (Protestant)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg/220px-Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg/330px-Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg/440px-Ascensor_Conception-_Built_in_1883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ascensor "Conception" built in 1883</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although technically only Chile's sixth largest city, with an urban area population of 295,918 (296,655 in municipality<sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a> metropolitan area, including the neighbouring cities of <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conc%C3%B3n" title="Concón">Concón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9" title="Quilpué">Quilpué</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Alemana" title="Villa Alemana">Villa Alemana</a>, is the second largest in the country (951,311 inhabitants). </p><p>According to the 2017 census of the <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Chile)" title="National Statistics Institute (Chile)">National Statistics Institute</a>, the commune of Valparaíso spans an area of 401.6 km<sup>2</sup> (155 sq mi) and has 296,655 inhabitants (144,945 men and 151,710 women). Of these, 295,918 (99.8%) lived in urban areas and 737 (0.2%) in <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a>. The population grew by 7.49% (20,673 persons) between the 2002 and 2017 censuses.<sup id="cite_ref-INE_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residents of Valparaíso are commonly called <i><a href="/wiki/Porte%C3%B1o" title="Porteño">porteños</a></i> (feminine: <i>porteñas</i>), spanish for "port dweller".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2009nov_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2009nov-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stgotimes2011-01-21_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stgotimes2011-01-21-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a commune, Valparaíso is a third-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative division of Chile">administrative division of Chile</a> administered by a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a>, headed by an <i><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">alcalde</a></i> (mayor) who is directly elected every four years. For the 2024–2028 term, the mayor is Camila Nieto Hernández (<a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_party)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political party)">FA</a>). The communal council has the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-Official_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Leonardo Contreras Neira (<a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">RN</a>)</li> <li>Miguel Vergara González (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Chile,_2019)" title="Republican Party (Chile, 2019)">REP</a>)</li> <li>Valentina Véliz González (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Chile,_2019)" title="Republican Party (Chile, 2019)">REP</a>)</li> <li>Dante Iturrieta Méndez (<a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Union" title="Independent Democratic Union">UDI</a>)</li> <li>Jorge López Morales (<a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_People_(Chile)" title="Party of the People (Chile)">PDG</a>)</li> <li>Alicia Zúñiga Valencia (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Chile" title="Communist Party of Chile">PCCh</a>)</li> <li>Lukas Cáceres Costa (<a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_party)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political party)">FA</a>)</li> <li>Thelmo Aguilar Rojas (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_party)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political party)">FA</a>)</li> <li>Vicente Celedón Collao (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Social_Green_Regionalist_Federation" title="Social Green Regionalist Federation">FRVS</a>)</li> <li>Jazmin Murillo Jorquera (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Party for Democracy (Chile)">PPD</a>)</li></ul> </div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Chile" title="Electoral divisions of Chile">electoral divisions of Chile</a>, Valparaíso is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chamber of Deputies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Celis_Montt" title="Andrés Celis Montt">Andrés Celis</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">RN</a>), Hotuiti Teao (Ind./<a href="/wiki/Ev%C3%B3poli" title="Evópoli">EVOP</a>), Luis Sánchez (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Chile,_2019)" title="Republican Party (Chile, 2019)">REP</a>), Tomás Lagomarsino (PR), Tomás de Rementería (PS), Camila Rojas (FA), Jorge Brito (FA), and Luis Cuello (PCCh) for the 2022–2026 term, as part of the 7th electoral district, together with <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Isla de Pascua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conc%C3%B3n" title="Concón">Concón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algarrobo,_Chile" title="Algarrobo, Chile">Algarrobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Chile" title="Cartagena, Chile">Cartagena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casablanca,_Chile" title="Casablanca, Chile">Casablanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Quisco" title="El Quisco">El Quisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Tabo" title="El Tabo">El Tabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Chile" title="Santo Domingo, Chile">Santo Domingo</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate</a>, the commune is represented by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Chahu%C3%A1n" title="Francisco Chahuán">Francisco Chahuán</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">RN</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Pugh_Olavarr%C3%ADa" title="Kenneth Pugh Olavarría">Kenneth Pugh</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">RN</a>), Isabel Allende (PS), Juan Latorre (FA), and <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Ricardo Lagos Weber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Party for Democracy (Chile)">PPD</a>) for the 2018–2026 term, as part of the 6th senatorial constituency (Valparaíso Region). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Congress">Chilean Congress</a> meets in a modern building in the Almendral section of Valparaíso, after relocation from Santiago during the last years of the dictatorship of General <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>. Although congressional activities were to be legally moved by a ruling in 1987, the newly built site only began to function as the seat of Congress during the government of <a href="/wiki/Patricio_Aylwin" title="Patricio Aylwin">Patricio Aylwin</a> in 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg/250px-Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg/375px-Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg/500px-Porto_de_Valparaiso_-_Chile_-_by_S%C3%A9rgio_Schmiegelow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Port of Valparaíso</figcaption></figure> <p>Major industries include tourism, culture, shipping and freight transport. </p><p>Approximately 50 international cruise ships call on Valparaíso during the 4-month Chilean summer. The port of Valparaíso is also an important hub for container freight and exports many products, including wine, copper, and fresh fruit. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg/220px-Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg/330px-Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg/440px-Port_of_Valparaiso_Shipping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Container Shipping Port</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg/400px-MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg/600px-MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg/800px-MetroValpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Metro Valparaiso Map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg/240px-Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg/360px-Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg/480px-Valpara%C3%ADso_Pullman_trolleybus_715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption>One of the historic <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Trolleybuses in Valparaíso">trolleybuses</a> that were still in daily service in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> service, the <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Metro" title="Valparaíso Metro">Valparaíso Metro</a>, opened to the public on 24 November 2005. The creation of this system involved updating parts of the Valparaíso-Santiago Railway, originally built in 1863. The Valparaíso Metro constitutes the so-called "fourth stage" ("Cuarta Etapa") of Metropolitan improvements. The Metro now connects the city core of Valparaíso with <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a> and other cities. It extends along most of Gran Valparaíso, and is the second underground urban rail system in operation in Chile (after Santiago's), as it includes a tunnel section that crosses Viña del Mar's commercial district. The proposed <a href="/wiki/Santiago%E2%80%93Valpara%C3%ADso_railway_line" title="Santiago–Valparaíso railway line">Santiago–Valparaíso railway line</a> would link Valparaíso and Santiago in around 45 minutes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a> within Valparaíso itself is provided primarily by buses, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a>. The buses provide an efficient and regular service to and from the city centre and the numerous hills where most people live, as well as to neighbouring towns while more distant towns are served by long-distance <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coaches</a>. Buses are operated by several private companies and regulated by the Regional Ministry of Transport, which controls fares and routes.<sup id="cite_ref-juts2009_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juts2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Trolleybuses in Valparaíso">Valparaíso trolleybus system</a> has been in operation since 1952, and in 2019 it continues to use some of its original vehicles, built in 1952 by the <a href="/wiki/Pullman_Company" title="Pullman Company">Pullman-Standard Company</a>, along with an assortment of other vehicles acquired later.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mercurio2014apr1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurio2014apr1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Valparaíso's Pullman trolleybuses are even older, built in 1946–48, having been acquired secondhand from Santiago in the 1970s. The surviving Pullman trolleybuses are the oldest trolleybuses still in normal service anywhere in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-juts2009_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juts2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they were collectively declared National Historic Monuments by the Chilean government in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-juts2009_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juts2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-estrella2003jul_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estrella2003jul-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valparaíso's road infrastructure has been undergoing improvement, particularly with the completion of the "Curauma — Placilla — La Pólvora" freeway bypass,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which will allow trucks to go directly to the port facility over a modern highway and through tunnels, without driving through the historic and already congested downtown streets. In addition, roads to link Valparaíso to San Antonio, Chile's second-largest port, and the coastal towns in between (Laguna Verde, Quintay, Algarrobo, and Isla Negra, for example), are also under construction. Travel between Valparaíso and Santiago takes about 80 minutes via a modern toll highway. </p><p>Internal passenger air services to Valparaíso are provided through the airport at <a href="/wiki/Quintero" title="Quintero">Quintero</a> which is some distance from the city but now served by good roads. The great majority of foreign visitors arrive through Santiago or on cruise liners. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg/220px-Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg/330px-Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg/440px-Ascensor_Polanco_Superior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4615" data-file-height="3213" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polanco_Lift" title="Polanco Lift">Polanco Lift</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg/220px-Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg/330px-Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg/440px-Ascensor_Artiller%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3215" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artiller%C3%ADa_funicular_railway" title="Artillería funicular railway">Artillería funicular railway</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funiculars">Funiculars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Funiculars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Funiculars_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="mw-redirect" title="Funiculars of Valparaíso">Funiculars of Valparaíso</a></div> <p>Because of the slopes of the hills, many of the surrounding areas of Valparaíso are inaccessible by public transport. That is why "elevators" serve the function of communicating the high part of the city with the <a href="/wiki/Plan_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Plan de Valparaíso">plan</a>, besides being a strong holiday highlight. The only <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> that can truly be called as such, is the <i><a href="/wiki/Polanco_Lift" title="Polanco Lift">Ascensor Polanco</a></i>, because it is vertical. Meanwhile, the rest are cable cars but traditionally called elevators. Several of those <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a> – locally called <i>ascensores</i> – provide public transport service between the central area and the lower slopes of the surrounding hills,<sup id="cite_ref-juts2009_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juts2009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first of which (<a href="/wiki/Ascensor_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Ascensor Concepción">Ascensor Concepción</a>, also known as Ascensor Turri) opened in 1883, operated by steam, is still in service.<sup id="cite_ref-merc-4Apr2019-ascensor_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merc-4Apr2019-ascensor-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morrison_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morrison-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cerro Cordillera elevator was built in 1887. As many as 28 different funicular railways have served Valparaíso at one time or another, of which 14 were still in operation in 1992<sup id="cite_ref-morrison_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morrison-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still around 12 in 2010. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascensor_Conception.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ascensor_Conception.jpg/220px-Ascensor_Conception.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ascensor_Conception.jpg/330px-Ascensor_Conception.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ascensor_Conception.jpg/440px-Ascensor_Conception.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Ascensor Conception- built 1883</figcaption></figure> <p>Valparaíso has fifteen lifts declared Historical Monuments by the National Monuments Council. Five are municipal property and the remaining belong to four private companies. The elevators are elevators municipal Baron, El Peral, Polanco, Queen Victoria and St. Augustine. As for the rest, lifts Florida, Butterflies and Nuns are owned by the National Elevator Company SA; Artillery, Concepción and Mountains belong to the Society of Mechanical Lifts Valparaíso Holy Spirit, Larraín and Villaseca (stopped for repairs) are the property of Valparaíso Elevators Company SA, and Dairy (stopped by fire) belongs to the Society of Dairy Cerro Lifts Ltd. </p><p>As a part of its 2003 declaration as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, Valparaíso has promised to replace and maintain its several funiculars. The funiculars were identified as an important cultural artifact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valparaíso_public_transportation_statistics"><span id="Valpara.C3.ADso_public_transportation_statistics"></span>Valparaíso public transportation statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Valparaíso public transportation statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 68 min. 15% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 15% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7 km, while 12% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port_of_Valparaíso"><span id="Port_of_Valpara.C3.ADso"></span>Port of Valparaíso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Port of Valparaíso"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The port of Valparaíso is divided into ten sites which sites 1,2,3,4 and 5 are administered by <i>South Pacific Terminal SA and sites 6,7,8,9 and 10 for Valparaíso Port Company</i>. The last two sites include a dock and are used as public walks and cruise passenger terminal. </p><p>Valparaíso is the main container and passenger port in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, transferring 10 million tons annually, and serves about 50 cruises and 150,000 passengers. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Overlooking the port of Valparaíso from the viewing point 21 de Mayo (May Twenty-one), Artillery Hill."><img alt="Overlooking the port of Valparaíso from the viewpoint May Twenty, Artillery Hill." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg/1000px-Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg/1500px-Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg/2000px-Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4215" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpara%C3%ADso_panor%C3%A1mica.jpg" title="File:Valparaíso panorámica.jpg"> </a></div>Overlooking the port of Valparaíso from the viewing point 21 de Mayo (May Twenty-one), Artillery Hill.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BibSeverin02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BibSeverin02.jpg/220px-BibSeverin02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BibSeverin02.jpg/330px-BibSeverin02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BibSeverin02.jpg/440px-BibSeverin02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Santiago_Sever%C3%ADn" title="Biblioteca Santiago Severín">Biblioteca Santiago Severín</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During Valparaíso's golden age (1848–1914), the city received large numbers of immigrants, primarily from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The immigrant communities left a unique imprint on the city's noteworthy architecture. Each community built its own churches and schools, while many also founded other noteworthy cultural and economic institutions. The largest immigrant communities came from Britain, Germany, and Italy, each developing their own hillside neighbourhood, preserved today as National Historic Districts or "Zonas Típicas". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/170px-Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/255px-Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg/340px-Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arco_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Arco Británico">Arco Británico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the second half of the 20th century, Valparaíso experienced a great decline, as wealthy families de-gentrified the historic quarter, moving to bustling Santiago or nearby Viña del Mar. By the early 1990s, much of the city's unique heritage had been lost and many Chileans had given up on the city. But in the mid-1990s, a grassroots preservation movement blossomed in Valparaíso where nowadays also a vast number of murals created by graffiti artists can be viewed on the streets, alleyways and stairways. </p><p><i>The Fundación Valparaíso</i> (Valparaíso Foundation), founded by the North American poet <a href="/wiki/Todd_Temkin" title="Todd Temkin">Todd Temkin</a>, has executed major neighborhood redevelopment projects; has improved the city's tourist infrastructure; and administers the city's jazz, ethnic music, and opera festivals; among other projects. Some noteworthy foundation projects include the World Heritage Trail,<sup id="cite_ref-senderobicentenario_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senderobicentenario-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opera by the Sea,<sup id="cite_ref-operaenelmar_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-operaenelmar-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Chile's "Cultural Capital".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During recent years, Mr. Temkin has used his influential Sunday column in El Mercurio de Valparaíso to advocate for many major policy issues, such as the creation of a "Ley Valparaíso" (Valparaíso Law) in the Chilean Congress, and the possibility that the Chilean government must guarantee funding for the preservation of Valparaíso's beloved funicular elevators. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valpo3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Valpo3.JPG/170px-Valpo3.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Valpo3.JPG/255px-Valpo3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Valpo3.JPG/340px-Valpo3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Facade of El Mercurio de Valparaíso's publishing building in Calle Esmeralda</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/170px-Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/255px-Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG/340px-Vista_interior_edificio_Parque_Cultural_Valpara%C3%ADso.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The "Broadcasting Building" of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parque_Cultural_de_Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parque Cultural de Valparaíso (page does not exist)">Parque Cultural de Valparaíso</a> (PCdV) which has been established on a former prison's ground on <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1rcel_Hill,_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Cárcel Hill, Valparaíso">Cerro Cárcel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Valparaíso's newspaper, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso">El Mercurio de Valparaíso</a></i></span> is the oldest Spanish-language newspaper in circulation in the world. </p><p>The <i>Fundacion LUKAS</i> maintains the drawings and paintings of the cartoonist Renzo Antonio Giovanni Pecchenino Raggi (stage name LUKAS),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who came to symbolize Valparaíso in popular culture, in a new restored building overlooking the bay.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valparaíso is also home to the so-called "School of Valparaíso", which is in fact the Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism of the <a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Universidad_Cat%C3%B3lica_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso">Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso</a>. The "School of Valparaíso" was in the 1960s and 1970s one of the most experimental, avant-garde and controversial Architectural schools in the country. </p><p>Valparaíso stages a major festival attended by hundreds of thousands of participants on the last three days of every year. The festival culminates with a "New Year's by the Sea" <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> show, the biggest in all of Latin America, attended by a million tourists who fill the coastline and hillsides with a view of the bay. Even though everyone calls it the Valparaíso Fireworks, it is, in fact, a fireworks display running along a great part of the coast from Valparaíso, past Viña del Mar and all the way to Concón. </p><p>In 2003, the Chilean Congress declared Valparaíso to be "Chile's Cultural Capital" and home for the nation's new cultural ministry. </p><p>Valparaíso offers various urban nightlife activities. Traditional bars and nightclubs can be found near Plaza Sotomayor. A vivid guide to Valparaíso can be found in the novels of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayetano_Brule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayetano Brule (page does not exist)">Cayetano Brule</a>, the private detective who lives in a Victorian house in the picturesque Paseo Gervasoni in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Concepci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerro Concepción (page does not exist)">Cerro Concepción</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_system">Health system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Health system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The public healthcare system mainly relies on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_Carlos_Van_Buren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hospital Carlos Van Buren (page does not exist)">Hospital Carlos Van Buren</a> located at the plan and Hospital Valparaíso (officially Hospital Eduardo Pereira) located at St. Roque Hill. There are also several clinics like <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Chile">Universidad de Chile</a>'s Clinica Barón, Hospital Aleman (due to close), and the former Naval Hospital on Playa Ancha Hill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valparaíso has several public sports venues and facilities, including a growing network of cycle routes.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i>Club Deportivo Playa Ancha</i> (Playa Ancha Sports Club), located in Av. Playa Ancha 451, Cerro Playa Ancha,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened in 1919 and offers football pitches, table football, basketball and tennis courts, two swimming pools and a small gym. Tennis and swimming lessons are held in the club as well as local tournaments, and the pool can be used recreationally in summer.</li> <li>The <i>Complejo Deportivo Escuela Naval</i> (Naval School Sports Centre), located at General Hontaneda, Cerro Playa Ancha,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers Olympic-standard modern facilities with a heated swimming pool and indoor volleyball, basketball, gymnastics, judo and fencing areas. It also has extensive outdoor sports facilities, suitable for rugby, football and tennis.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg/220px-Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg/330px-Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg/440px-Entrada_Estadio_Playa_Ancha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Main entrance of <i><a href="/wiki/Estadio_El%C3%ADas_Figueroa_Brander" title="Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander">Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander</a></i>, in 2011</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Estadio_El%C3%ADas_Figueroa_Brander" title="Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander">Estadio Elías Figueroa Brander</a></i> (formerly Chiledeportes Regional Stadium) is located at the junction of Hontaneda and Subida Carvallo, Cerro Playa Ancha,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stadium has historic links to the local football team, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Wanderers" title="Santiago Wanderers">Santiago Wanderers</a>, the oldest professional football team in Chile founded on August 15, 1892. Built in 1931, it holds 18,500 people<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also serves as an athletics and swimming venue.</li> <li><i>Fortín Prat</i> (Fort Prat), located at Rawson 382, Almendral,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a historic basketball venue, hosting the "golden age" of Valparaíso basketball from 1950 to 1970. Fort Prat has also hosted numerous local handball, table tennis and boxing championships. It offers children's classes and a gym, and is also home to the Valparaíso Basketball Association Museum.</li> <li>The <i>Muelle Deportivo Curauma</i> is located 20 minutes from Valparaíso in <a href="/wiki/Lago_Pe%C3%B1uelas_National_Reserve" title="Lago Peñuelas National Reserve">Lake Pañuelas</a> at Avenue Borde Laguna and Curauma.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calm waters of the 195 km<sup>2</sup> lagoon permits <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasure craft">boating</a>. It has also been chosen as a venue for the <a href="/wiki/2014_South_American_Games" title="2014 South American Games">2014 South American Games</a>. Around the lagoon are camping sites, cycle and hiking trails, and paintball and canopy facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located at Muelle Barón, Bordemar Centro,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a watersports centre which offers sailing, kayaking and scuba diving lessons and hosts the "Valpo Sub" program that seeks to preserve the area's underwater heritage, offering educational tours and expeditions to shipwrecks along the bay. Puerto Deportivo Valparaíso also carries out programs promoting ecotourism in Valparaíso Bay, and rents equipment for people having lessons. It features an interactive room that shows information on the underwater heritage.</li> <li>The <i>Velódromo Roberto Parra</i><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located opposite the Club Deportivo Playa Ancha and is part of its wider complex. The velodrome contains a cycle track, table football, and handball and basketball courts. All its facilities are available for public rent.</li></ul> <p>Valparaíso was one of the host cities of the official <a href="/wiki/1959_Basketball_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 Basketball World Cup">1959 Basketball World Cup</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Chile_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile national basketball team">Chile</a> won the bronze medal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valparaiso,_Chile-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg/220px-Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg/330px-Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg/440px-Valparaiso%2C_Chile-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Sotomayor" title="Plaza Sotomayor">Plaza Sotomayor</a> with monument of the heroes of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iquique" title="Battle of Iquique">Iquique</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The "Valparaíso Downhill"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a mountain bike race that takes place in February. Riders race through the city streets tackling the steps and alleys, finding their own way through the ramps and jumps down to the "plan" (Valparaíso's "lowlands"). The Valparaíso Downhill has been described by Chop MTB as "the craziest urban downhill race of all".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2005, a series of running events has taken place in the city with 5 km, 10 km, 21 km and marathon distances. The race starts at Muelle Barón and the course runs along the seafront, crossing diverse architectural and geographical landmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final stage of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Dakar_Rally" title="2014 Dakar Rally">2014 Dakar Rally</a> ended up at Valparaíso's <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Sotomayor" title="Plaza Sotomayor">Plaza Sotomayor</a> in the heart of the old town, surrounded by historic buildings. <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Casale" title="Ignacio Casale">Ignacio Casale</a>, the Chilean winner of the 2014 Quad category, was cheered here in the streets by the Valparaíso crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_establishments">Educational establishments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Educational establishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At primary school level, Valparaíso boasts some of the most emblematic schools in the region, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liceo_Eduardo_de_la_Barra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liceo Eduardo de la Barra (page does not exist)">Liceo Eduardo de la Barra</a> and Salesian College Valparaíso. Other landmarks of the city schools are the Mary Help of Christians School, San Rafael Seminary, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Jean_d%27Alembert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Jean d'Alembert (page does not exist)">Lycée Jean d'Alembert</a>, Colegio San Pedro Nolasco, <a href="/wiki/Scuola_Italiana_Arturo_Dell%27_Oro" title="Scuola Italiana Arturo Dell' Oro">Scuola Italiana Arturo Dell' Oro</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Schule_Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Schule Valparaíso (page does not exist)">Deutsche Schule Valparaíso</a>, among others. Many of the schools named in the plan are located directly in the city, especially in the Almendral neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, Valparaíso was the birthplace of many private schools founded by the European colonies, as the German School, the Alliance Francaise, Mackay College (now located in the neighboring resort of <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a>) and the College of the Sacred Hearts of Valparaíso, that operating since 1837 is the oldest private school in South America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_establishments">University establishments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: University establishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valparaíso has many institutions of higher education, including some of the most important universities of Chile, called "<a href="/wiki/Chilean_Traditional_Universities" title="Chilean Traditional Universities">traditional universities</a>", like the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso">Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="University of Valparaíso">University of Valparaíso</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Playa_Ancha_University" title="Playa Ancha University">Playa Ancha University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federico_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Technical_University" title="Federico Santa María Technical University">Federico Santa María Technical University</a>. The main building of this last is visible from much of the city, as it is located on the front of the hill 'Cerro Placeres', and has characteristic Tudor Gothic and Renaissance architecture. The city has many nontraditional colleges of varying size, quality and focus.<sup id="cite_ref-universities_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-universities-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>University </th> <th>Foundation </th> <th>Acronym </th> <th>Type </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utfsm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Utfsm.jpg/150px-Utfsm.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Utfsm.jpg/225px-Utfsm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Utfsm.jpg/300px-Utfsm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="259" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federico_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Technical_University" title="Federico Santa María Technical University">Federico Santa María Technical University</a> </td> <td>1931 </td> <td>UTFSM/USM </td> <td>Private university <p>Traditional </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frontispucv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Frontispucv.jpg/150px-Frontispucv.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Frontispucv.jpg/225px-Frontispucv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Frontispucv.jpg/300px-Frontispucv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="335" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso">Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso</a> </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>UCV/PUCV </td> <td>Private university <p>Traditional </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg/150px-Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg/225px-Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg/300px-Universidad_de_Playa_Ancha_de_Ciencias_de_la_Educaci%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Playa_Ancha_University_of_Educational_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa Ancha University of Educational Sciences">Playa Ancha University of Educational Sciences</a> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>UPLA </td> <td>Public university </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/150px-Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/225px-Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg/300px-Escuela_de_Derecho_de_la_Universidad_de_Valpara%C3%ADso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="362" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="University of Valparaíso">University of Valparaíso</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>UV </td> <td>Public university </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valparaíso is the birthplace of many historically significant figures, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abelardo_Quinteros" title="Abelardo Quinteros">Abelardo Quinteros</a>, Chilean composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, general and dictator of Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Mori" title="Camilo Mori">Camilo Mori</a>, Chilean painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Orlando_Harrington" title="Esteban Orlando Harrington">Esteban Orlando Harrington</a>, Chilean architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matias_Novoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Matias Novoa">Matias Novoa</a>, Chilean-Mexican actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Naranjo" title="Claudio Naranjo">Claudio Naranjo</a>, Chilean psychiatrist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a>, Australia's third Prime Minister, and the first Australian <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labour</a> Prime Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Echtermeyer" title="Curt Echtermeyer">Curt Echtermeyer</a>, also known as Curt Bruckner (1896–1971), German painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_John_Daniell" title="Percy John Daniell">Percy John Daniell</a>, English mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsia_Alexander-Clarke" title="Marsia Alexander-Clarke">Marsia Alexander-Clarke</a>, American artist<sup id="cite_ref-webpage_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpage-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ampuero" title="Roberto Ampuero">Roberto Ampuero</a>, author of the internationally published novels about the private eye Cayetano Brulé and "Hijo Ilustre" of Valparaíso, Foreign Minister of Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Monsalve" title="Giancarlo Monsalve">Giancarlo Monsalve</a>, Chilean international opera singer, <i>Cultural Ambassador of Valparaíso and UNESCO medal</i><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Badilla_Castillo" title="Sergio Badilla Castillo">Sergio Badilla Castillo</a>, Chilean poet, founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestina_P%C3%A9rez_Barahona" title="Ernestina Pérez Barahona">Ernestina Pérez Barahona</a>, Chilean physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_Santa_Cruz_Ossa" title="Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa">Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa</a>, Chilean dramatist and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Herrera_Rivera" title="Alicia Herrera Rivera">Alicia Herrera Rivera</a>, feminist lawyer, minister of the Court of Appeals of Santiago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_L%C3%B3pez_(nurse)" title="Juana López (nurse)">Juana López (nurse)</a>, Chilean army nurse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._G._Robertson" title="J. G. Robertson">J. G. Robertson</a>, English singer and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maza_Sancho" title="José Maza Sancho">José Maza Sancho</a>, Chilean astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Larra%C3%ADn" title="Sergio Larraín">Sergio Larraín</a>, Chilean photographer</li></ul> <p>It has also been the residence of many writers such as the Chilean poet <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a>, the Nicaraguan poet <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Dar%C3%ADo" title="Rubén Darío">Rubén Darío</a> and the American poet <a href="/wiki/Marion_Manville_Pope" title="Marion Manville Pope">Marion Manville Pope</a>. </p><p>Puerto Rican pro-independence leader <a href="/wiki/Segundo_Ruiz_Belvis" title="Segundo Ruiz Belvis">Segundo Ruiz Belvis</a> died in the city in November 1867. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Dip" title="Jorge Dip">Jorge Dip</a>, lawyer and politician, governor of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Valparaíso">province of Valparaíso</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_revival_movement_in_Chile" title="Pentecostal revival movement in Chile">Pentecostal revival movement in Chile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in South America">List of twin towns and sister cities in South America</a></div> <p>Valparaíso is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Badalona" title="Badalona">Badalona</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a>, Peru</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manzanillo,_Colima" title="Manzanillo, Colima">Manzanillo</a>, Mexico</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a>, Colombia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, Brazil</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Granada" title="Santa Fe, Granada">Santa Fe</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a>, Mexico</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valparaíso cooperates with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Official-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl/alcalde-y-concejo/">"Mayor and Council"</a>. <i>Municipality of Valparaíso</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240917194436/https://municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl/alcalde-y-concejo/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Municipality+of+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.atitle=Mayor+and+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmunicipalidaddevalparaiso.cl%2Falcalde-y-concejo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INE_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resultados.censo2017.cl/">"Resultados CENSO 2017"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Chile)" title="National Statistics Institute (Chile)">National Statistics Institute of Chile</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Statistics+Institute+of+Chile&rft.atitle=Resultados+CENSO+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresultados.censo2017.cl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TelluBase-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TelluBase_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_chl.pdf">"TelluBase—Chile Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tellusant<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TelluBase%E2%80%94Chile+Fact+Sheet+%28Tellusant+Public+Service+Series%29&rft.pub=Tellusant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftellusant.com%2Frepo%2Ftb%2Ftellubase_factsheet_chl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Between Two Worlds: Memoirs of a Philosopher-Scientist</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29250-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29250-2">978-3-319-29250-2</a> p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portalportuario.cl/valparaiso-sube-dos-puestos-y-san-antonio-se-mantiene-top-10-en-ranking-de-puertos-de-cepal/">"Valparaíso sube dos puestos y San Antonio se mantiene TOP 10 en ránking de puertos de Cepal"</a>. <i>PortalPortuario.cl</i> (in Spanish). 2018-05-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412074900/https://portalportuario.cl/valparaiso-sube-dos-puestos-y-san-antonio-se-mantiene-top-10-en-ranking-de-puertos-de-cepal/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PortalPortuario.cl&rft.atitle=Valpara%C3%ADso+sube+dos+puestos+y+San+Antonio+se+mantiene+TOP+10+en+r%C3%A1nking+de+puertos+de+Cepal&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportalportuario.cl%2Fvalparaiso-sube-dos-puestos-y-san-antonio-se-mantiene-top-10-en-ranking-de-puertos-de-cepal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soychile.cl/San-Antonio/Sociedad/2017/08/22/483082/Mensaje-de-Jorge-Sharp-en-Twitter-genero-disputa-por-titulo-de-puerto-principal-entre-San-Antonio-y-Valparaiso.aspx">"Mensaje de Jorge Sharp en Twitter generó disputa por título de "puerto principal" entre San Antonio y Valparaíso"</a>. <i>SoyChile</i> (in Spanish). 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826133604/http://www.soychile.cl/San-Antonio/Sociedad/2017/08/22/483082/Mensaje-de-Jorge-Sharp-en-Twitter-genero-disputa-por-titulo-de-puerto-principal-entre-San-Antonio-y-Valparaiso.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SoyChile&rft.atitle=Mensaje+de+Jorge+Sharp+en+Twitter+gener%C3%B3+disputa+por+t%C3%ADtulo+de+%22puerto+principal%22+entre+San+Antonio+y+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soychile.cl%2FSan-Antonio%2FSociedad%2F2017%2F08%2F22%2F483082%2FMensaje-de-Jorge-Sharp-en-Twitter-genero-disputa-por-titulo-de-puerto-principal-entre-San-Antonio-y-Valparaiso.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayá_G.2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Payá G., Ernesto (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182011000300005">"Valparaíso: la vieja y nueva bohemia"</a> [Valparaiso: new and old bohemia]. <i>Revista chilena de infectología</i> (in Spanish). <b>28</b> (3): 229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0716-10182011000300005">10.4067/S0716-10182011000300005</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211124143/https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182011000300005">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+chilena+de+infectolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Valpara%C3%ADso%3A+la+vieja+y+nueva+bohemia&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=229&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0716-10182011000300005&rft.aulast=Pay%C3%A1+G.&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0716-10182011000300005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVera_Villarroel2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vera Villarroel, Jaime (6 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cL19DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">"Los changos, su supuesta presencia en la bahía de Valparaíso"</a>. <i>Boletín Histórico</i> (in Spanish). <b>VII</b> (XXII): 79–103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325211356/https://books.google.com/books?id=cL19DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Hist%C3%B3rico&rft.atitle=Los+changos%2C+su+supuesta+presencia+en+la+bah%C3%ADa+de+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.volume=VII&rft.issue=XXII&rft.pages=79-103&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.aulast=Vera+Villarroel&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcL19DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugden2012" class="citation book cs1">Sugden, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdrake0000sugd_f7c7"><i>Sir Francis Drake</i></a>. Random House. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781448129508" title="Special:BookSources/9781448129508"><bdi>9781448129508</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781448129508&rft.aulast=Sugden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsirfrancisdrake0000sugd_f7c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sonia2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sonia2015_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontecino_Aguirre2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). <i>Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Catalonia_(publisher)" title="Catalonia (publisher)">Catalonia</a>. pp. 196–197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-324-375-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-324-375-8"><bdi>978-956-324-375-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mitos+de+Chile%3A+Enciclopedia+de+seres%2C+apariciones+y+encantos&rft.pages=196-197&rft.pub=Catalonia&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-956-324-375-8&rft.aulast=Montecino+Aguirre&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouyoumdjian2000" class="citation journal cs1">Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-71942000003300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">"El Alto Comercio de Valparaiso y las Grandes Casas Extranjeras, 1880-1930: Una Aproximacion"</a>. <i>Historia (Santiago)</i>. <b>33</b>: 63–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-71942000003300002">10.4067/S0717-71942000003300002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0717-7194">0717-7194</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310155216/https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-71942000003300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+%28Santiago%29&rft.atitle=El+Alto+Comercio+de+Valparaiso+y+las+Grandes+Casas+Extranjeras%2C+1880-1930%3A+Una+Aproximacion&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=63-99&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0717-71942000003300002&rft.issn=0717-7194&rft.aulast=Couyoumdjian&rft.aufirst=Juan+Ricardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS0717-71942000003300002%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmundson2009" class="citation book cs1">Edmundson, William (2009). <i>A History of the British Presence in Chile: From Bloody Mary to Charles Darwin and the Decline of British Influence</i>. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 110–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230114838" title="Special:BookSources/9780230114838"><bdi>9780230114838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+British+Presence+in+Chile%3A+From+Bloody+Mary+to+Charles+Darwin+and+the+Decline+of+British+Influence&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=110-115&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780230114838&rft.aulast=Edmundson&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgemsup16957911/executive">"Valparaiso, Chile 1906: M 8.2 – Valparaiso, Chile"</a>. U.S. Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valparaiso%2C+Chile+1906%3A+M+8.2+%E2%80%93+Valparaiso%2C+Chile&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fiscgemsup16957911%2Fexecutive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hekint.org/2017/02/22/the-van-buren-hospital-in-the-history-of-chile/">"The Van Buren Hospital in the history of Chile"</a>. <i>hekint.org</i>. 13 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720172527/https://hekint.org/2017/02/22/the-van-buren-hospital-in-the-history-of-chile/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hekint.org&rft.atitle=The+Van+Buren+Hospital+in+the+history+of+Chile&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhekint.org%2F2017%2F02%2F22%2Fthe-van-buren-hospital-in-the-history-of-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1ht3b"><i>Shaping Terrain: City Building in Latin America</i></a>. University Press of Florida. 2016. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctvx1ht3b">10.2307/j.ctvx1ht3b</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1ht3b">j.ctvx1ht3b</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310145114/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvx1ht3b">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+Terrain%3A+City+Building+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctvx1ht3b&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvx1ht3b%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvx1ht3b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouyoumdjian2000" class="citation journal cs1">Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-71942000003300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">"El Alto Comercio de Valparaiso y las Grandes Casas Extranjeras, 1880-1930: Una Aproximacion"</a>. <i>Historia (Santiago)</i>. <b>33</b>: 63–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-71942000003300002">10.4067/S0717-71942000003300002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0717-7194">0717-7194</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310155216/https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-71942000003300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+%28Santiago%29&rft.atitle=El+Alto+Comercio+de+Valparaiso+y+las+Grandes+Casas+Extranjeras%2C+1880-1930%3A+Una+Aproximacion&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=63-99&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0717-71942000003300002&rft.issn=0717-7194&rft.aulast=Couyoumdjian&rft.aufirst=Juan+Ricardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS0717-71942000003300002%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesslive.co.za/archive/2014-04-13-chile-declares-disaster-as-deadly-fire-storms-historic-port-city/">"Chile declares disaster as deadly fire storms historic port city"</a></span>. <i>BusinessLIVE</i>. 13 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116092147/https://www.businesslive.co.za/archive/2014-04-13-chile-declares-disaster-as-deadly-fire-storms-historic-port-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessLIVE&rft.atitle=Chile+declares+disaster+as+deadly+fire+storms+historic+port+city&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslive.co.za%2Farchive%2F2014-04-13-chile-declares-disaster-as-deadly-fire-storms-historic-port-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillegas2024" class="citation web cs1">Villegas, Alexander (6 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2024-02-06/death-toll-from-chile-wildfires-rises-to-131">"Chileans Search Rubble for Wildfire Victims as Death Toll Rises to 131"</a>. <i>U.S. News</i>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208145617/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2024-02-06/death-toll-from-chile-wildfires-rises-to-131">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News&rft.atitle=Chileans+Search+Rubble+for+Wildfire+Victims+as+Death+Toll+Rises+to+131&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft.aulast=Villegas&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2024-02-06%2Fdeath-toll-from-chile-wildfires-rises-to-131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yahoo-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yahoo_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoto2010" class="citation web cs1">Soto, Alonso (2010-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305141640/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100227/wl_nm/us_quake_chile_29">"Massive earthquake hits Chile, 122 dead"</a>. Yahoo! News. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100227/wl_nm/us_quake_chile_29">the original</a> on 2010-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+earthquake+hits+Chile%2C+122+dead&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2010-02-27&rft.aulast=Soto&rft.aufirst=Alonso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fnm%2F20100227%2Fwl_nm%2Fus_quake_chile_29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martland, Samuel. 2007. "Reconstructing the City, Constructing the State: Government in Valparaíso after the Earthquake of 1906", <i>Hispanic American Historical Review</i> 87, no. 2: 221–254. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed September 13, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climatenormals-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-climatenormals_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195454/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330002">"Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos"</a> (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330002">the original</a> on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Datos+Normales+y+Promedios+Hist%C3%B3ricos+Promedios+de+30+a%C3%B1os+o+menos&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+Meteorol%C3%B3gica+de+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatologia.meteochile.gob.cl%2Fapplication%2Fhistorico%2FdatosNormales%2F330002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-promediotemp-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-promediotemp_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195153/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/330002/2020">"Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: Punta Ángeles faro"</a> (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/330002/2020">the original</a> on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperaturas+Medias+y+Extremas+en+30+A%C3%B1os-Entre+los+a%C3%B1os%3A+1991+al+2020-Nombre+estaci%C3%B3n%3A+Punta+%C3%81ngeles+faro&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+Meteorol%C3%B3gica+de+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatologia.meteochile.gob.cl%2Fapplication%2Fhistorico%2FpromedioTemperatura30%2F330002%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-records-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-records_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330002">"Temperatura Histórica de la Punta Ángeles faro (330002)"</a> (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804200357/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330002">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperatura+Hist%C3%B3rica+de+la+Punta+%C3%81ngeles+faro+%28330002%29&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+Meteorol%C3%B3gica+de+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatologia.meteochile.gob.cl%2Fapplication%2Fhistorico%2FtemperaturaHistoricaAnual%2F330002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111126024631/http://www.valparaiso.climatetemp.info/">"Valparaíso Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity"</a>. Climate & Temperature. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valparaiso.climatetemp.info/">the original</a> on 2011-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valpara%C3%ADso+Climate+Guide+to+the+Average+Weather+%26+Temperatures+with+Graphs+Elucidating+Sunshine+and+Rainfall+Data+%26+Information+about+Wind+Speeds+%26+Humidity&rft.pub=Climate+%26+Temperature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valparaiso.climatetemp.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804200209/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Faropuntaangelesvalparaiso_85558.csv">"Faro Punta Angeles Valparaiso Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Faropuntaangelesvalparaiso_85558.csv">the original</a> on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=Faro+Punta+Angeles+Valparaiso+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-3-WMO-Normals-9120%2FChile%2FCSV%2FFaropuntaangelesvalparaiso_85558.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807045622/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330007">"Datos Normales y Promedios Históricos Promedios de 30 años o menos"</a> (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/datosNormales/330007">the original</a> on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Datos+Normales+y+Promedios+Hist%C3%B3ricos+Promedios+de+30+a%C3%B1os+o+menos&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+Meteorol%C3%B3gica+de+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatologia.meteochile.gob.cl%2Fapplication%2Fhistorico%2FdatosNormales%2F330007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330007">"Temperatura Histórica de la Estación Rodelillo, Ad. (330007)"</a> (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807045738/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/330007">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperatura+Hist%C3%B3rica+de+la+Estaci%C3%B3n+Rodelillo%2C+Ad.+%28330007%29&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+Meteorol%C3%B3gica+de+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimatologia.meteochile.gob.cl%2Fapplication%2Fhistorico%2FtemperaturaHistoricaAnual%2F330007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807050033/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Rodelillovinadelmarad_85560.csv">"Rodelillo Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Chile/CSV/Rodelillovinadelmarad_85560.csv">the original</a> on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=Rodelillo+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-3-WMO-Normals-9120%2FChile%2FCSV%2FRodelillovinadelmarad_85560.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a href="/wiki/Funicular_railways_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" class="mw-redirect" title="Funicular railways of Valparaíso">Funicular railways of Valparaíso</a> for the range of total numbers and active numbers, given from different sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-2009nov-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-2009nov_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory2009" class="citation news cs1">Gregory, Vanessa (November 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08journeys.html">"Tastes of Newly Fashionable Valparaíso, Chile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123125046/http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08journeys.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tastes+of+Newly+Fashionable+Valpara%C3%ADso%2C+Chile&rft.date=2009-11-08&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F08%2Ftravel%2F08journeys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stgotimes2011-01-21-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stgotimes2011-01-21_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabanski2011" class="citation news cs1">Gabanski, Pepa (21 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093228/http://santiagotimes.cl/old-prejudices-die-hard-in-chiles-rival-coastal-cities-vina-and-valparaiso">"Old Prejudices Die Hard In Chile's Rival Coastal Cities: Viña and Valparaíso"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Santiago_Times" title="The Santiago Times">The Santiago Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://santiagotimes.cl/old-prejudices-die-hard-in-chiles-rival-coastal-cities-vina-and-valparaiso/">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Santiago+Times&rft.atitle=Old+Prejudices+Die+Hard+In+Chile%27s+Rival+Coastal+Cities%3A+Vi%C3%B1a+and+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.date=2011-01-21&rft.aulast=Gabanski&rft.aufirst=Pepa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsantiagotimes.cl%2Fold-prejudices-die-hard-in-chiles-rival-coastal-cities-vina-and-valparaiso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-juts2009-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-juts2009_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juts2009_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juts2009_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juts2009_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). <i>Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010</i>, pp. 65–66. Coulsdon (UK): <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-2903-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7106-2903-6">978-0-7106-2903-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trolleybus Magazine</i> No. 344 (March–April 2019), p. 68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0266-7452">0266-7452</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tramz.com/cl/v/vae.html">The Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, Chile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085143/http://www.tramz.com/cl/v/vae.html">Archived</a> 2019-04-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (detailed history). Allen Morrison. 2006. Retrieved 2019-04-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mercurio2014apr1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mercurio2014apr1_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOssandón2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ossandón, Javier (1 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/impresa/2014/04/01/full/8/">"Diez trolebuses de origen suizo modernizarán la flota porteña"</a> [Ten trolleybuses from Switzerland modernize the Valparaíso fleet]. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio" title="El Mercurio">El Mercurio</a></i> (in Spanish). p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701021039/http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/impresa/2014/04/01/full/8/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mercurio&rft.atitle=Diez+trolebuses+de+origen+suizo+modernizar%C3%A1n+la+flota+porte%C3%B1a&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.aulast=Ossand%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercuriovalpo.cl%2Fimpresa%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Ffull%2F8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trolleybus Magazine</i> No. 281 (September–October 2008), p. 110. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0266-7452">0266-7452</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-estrella2003jul-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-estrella2003jul_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estrellavalpo.cl/site/edic/20030729102025/pags/20030729122931.html">"Quince troles porteños so monumentos históricos (15 Valparaíso trolleys are historic monuments)"</a>. <i>La Estrella</i> (in Spanish). 29 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180616/http://www.estrellavalpo.cl/site/edic/20030729102025/pags/20030729122931.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Estrella&rft.atitle=Quince+troles+porte%C3%B1os+so+monumentos+hist%C3%B3ricos+%2815+Valpara%C3%ADso+trolleys+are+historic+monuments%29&rft.date=2003-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estrellavalpo.cl%2Fsite%2Fedic%2F20030729102025%2Fpags%2F20030729122931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portvalparaiso.cl/contenido/desarrollo_proyectos/acceso_sur.asp">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Curauma — Placilla — La Pólvora"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070615123705/http://www.portvalparaiso.cl/contenido/desarrollo_proyectos/acceso_sur.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Curauma+%E2%80%94+Placilla+%E2%80%94+La+P%C3%B3lvora%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portvalparaiso.cl%2Fcontenido%2Fdesarrollo_proyectos%2Facceso_sur.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merc-4Apr2019-ascensor-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merc-4Apr2019-ascensor_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParedas_R.2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paredas R., Alexis (4 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/impresa/2019/04/04/full/cuerpo-principal/4/">"El ascensor más antiguo del Puerto reabre con marcha blanca y gratuito"</a> [The oldest funicular in Valparaíso reopens with commissioning and free service]. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso">El Mercurio</a></i> (in Spanish). p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404132107/http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/impresa/2019/04/04/full/cuerpo-principal/4/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mercurio&rft.atitle=El+ascensor+m%C3%A1s+antiguo+del+Puerto+reabre+con+marcha+blanca+y+gratuito&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Paredas+R.&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercuriovalpo.cl%2Fimpresa%2F2019%2F04%2F04%2Ffull%2Fcuerpo-principal%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morrison-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morrison_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morrison_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrison, Allen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tramz.com/cl/tto/a.html"><i>The Tramways of Chile</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603231146/http://www.tramz.com/cl/tto/a.html">Archived</a> 2019-06-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 31–32. New York: Bonde Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9622348-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9622348-2-6">0-9622348-2-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalcultural.cl/p4_cc/site/artic/20050128/pags/20050128110853.html">Ascensor Concepción</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925222810/http://www.capitalcultural.cl/p4_cc/site/artic/20050128/pags/20050128110853.html">Archived</a> 2013-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Spanish). Capital Cultural. Retrieved 2010-09-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Chile_Valparaiso_y_Vina_del_Mar-3121">"Valparaíso y Viña del Mar Public Transportation Statistics"</a>. Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824135429/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Chile_Valparaiso_y_Vina_del_Mar-3121">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valpara%C3%ADso+y+Vi%C3%B1a+del+Mar+Public+Transportation+Statistics&rft.pub=Global+Public+Transit+Index+by+Moovit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoovitapp.com%2Finsights%2Fen%2FMoovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Chile_Valparaiso_y_Vina_del_Mar-3121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Material was copied from this source, which is available under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112024/https://www.thisischile.cl/people/migration/?lang=en">"Immigration"</a>. <i>This is Chile</i>. 2014-03-11. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+is+Chile&rft.atitle=Immigration&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisischile.cl%2Fpeople%2Fmigration%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senderobicentenario-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-senderobicentenario_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040805121740/http://www.senderobicentenario.cl/">"Sendero Bicentenario"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senderobicentenario.cl/">the original</a> on 2004-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=altillo.com&rft.atitle=Universidades+de+Valpara%C3%ADso+%28Privadas+y+Estatales+P%C3%BAblicas%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.altillo.com%2Funiversidades%2Fchile%2Funiversidades_chile_valparaiso.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webpage-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webpage_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsia_Alexander-Clarke2003" class="citation web cs1">Marsia Alexander-Clarke (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331045542/http://student1www.fullcoll.edu/00029861/Marsia/">"Marsia Alexander-Clarke, Video Artist"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://student1www.fullcoll.edu/00029861/Marsia">the original</a> on 2012-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marsia+Alexander-Clarke%2C+Video+Artist&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Marsia+Alexander-Clarke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudent1www.fullcoll.edu%2F00029861%2FMarsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100804/pags/20100804173336.html">"El Mercurio"</a>. Mercuriovalpo.cl. 2010-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423152209/http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100804/pags/20100804173336.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Mercurio&rft.pub=Mercuriovalpo.cl&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercuriovalpo.cl%2Fprontus4_noticias%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20100804%2Fpags%2F20100804173336.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estrellavalpo.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100804/pags/20100804001141.html">"deslumbra a Europa"</a>. Estrellavalpo.cl. 2010-08-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414231210/http://www.estrellavalpo.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20100804/pags/20100804001141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=deslumbra+a+Europa&rft.pub=Estrellavalpo.cl&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estrellavalpo.cl%2Fprontus4_noticias%2Fsite%2Fartic%2F20100804%2Fpags%2F20100804001141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.24horas.cl/videosRegiones.aspx?id=28954&idRegion=5">"24 Horas – Tenor Giancarlo Monsalve visita Valparaíso"</a>. 24horas.cl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=24+Horas+%E2%80%93+Tenor+Giancarlo+Monsalve+visita+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.pub=24horas.cl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.24horas.cl%2FvideosRegiones.aspx%3Fid%3D28954%26idRegion%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twins_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twins_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vregion.cl/valparaiso/valparaiso/hermanas.php">"Ciudades Hermanas"</a>. <i>vregion.cl</i> (in Spanish). Región de Valparaíso. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608111825/http://www.vregion.cl/valparaiso/valparaiso/hermanas.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vregion.cl&rft.atitle=Ciudades+Hermanas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vregion.cl%2Fvalparaiso%2Fvalparaiso%2Fhermanas.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValpara%C3%ADso" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpara%C3%ADso&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl/">Municipality of Valparaíso</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl">El Mercurio de Valparaíso</a>—Main newspaper <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerroconcepcion.cl">The Concepcion and Alegre historical district</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Valparaíso</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" class="extiw" title="c:Valparaíso">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" class="extiw" title="voy:Valparaíso">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greater_Valparaíso" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Template:Valparaíso"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Template talk:Valparaíso"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Valparaíso"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greater_Valparaíso" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Greater Valparaíso</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conc%C3%B3n" title="Concón">Concón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintero" title="Quintero">Quintero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilpué, Chile">Quilpué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Alemana,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Alemana, Chile">Villa Alemana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso">Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Technical_University" title="Federico Santa María Technical University">Federico Santa María Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="University of Valparaíso">University of Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_Ancha_University" title="Playa Ancha University">Playa Ancha University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Mercurio_de_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="El Mercurio de Valparaíso"><i>El Mercurio de Valparaíso</i> newspaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_de_Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Everton de Viña del Mar">Everton de Viña del Mar Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Wanderers" title="Santiago Wanderers">Santiago Wanderers Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Trolleybuses in Valparaíso">Trolleybuses in Valparaíso (national monument)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">Churches of Chiloé</a></li> <li><small>Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of</small> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberstone_and_Santa_Laura_Saltpeter_Works" title="Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works">Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">Inca road system</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_National_Park" title="Rapa Nui National Park">Rapa Nui National Park</a>, <small>Easter Island</small></li> <li>Settlement and <a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_mummies" title="Chinchorro mummies">Artificial Mummification</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinchorro_culture" title="Chinchorro culture">Chinchorro Culture</a> in the Arica and Parinacota Region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewell,_Chile" title="Sewell, Chile">Sewell Mining Town</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/80px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Template:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Template talk:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coquimbo_Region" title="Coquimbo Region"><</a> Communes and municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petorca_Province" title="Petorca Province">Petorca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo,_Chile" title="Cabildo, Chile">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ligua" title="La Ligua">La Ligua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papudo" title="Papudo">Papudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petorca" title="Petorca">Petorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapallar" title="Zapallar">Zapallar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/90px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/135px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/180px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Los_Andes_Province,_Chile" title="Los Andes Province, Chile">Los Andes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calle_Larga" title="Calle Larga">Calle Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Andes,_Chile" title="Los Andes, Chile">Los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada" title="Rinconada">Rinconada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Chile" title="San Esteban, Chile">San Esteban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Aconcagua_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe de Aconcagua Province">San Felipe de Aconcagua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catemu" title="Catemu">Catemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llay-Llay" title="Llay-Llay">Llay-Llay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panquehue" title="Panquehue">Panquehue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putaendo" title="Putaendo">Putaendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe,_Chile" title="San Felipe, Chile">San Felipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa,_Chile" title="Santa María, Chile">Santa María</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quillota_Province" title="Quillota Province">Quillota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hijuelas" title="Hijuelas">Hijuelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Calera,_Chile" title="La Calera, Chile">La Calera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cruz,_Chile" title="La Cruz, Chile">La Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogales,_Chile" title="Nogales, Chile">Nogales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quillota" title="Quillota">Quillota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca,_Chile" title="Casablanca, Chile">Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conc%C3%B3n" title="Concón">Concón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puchuncav%C3%AD" title="Puchuncaví">Puchuncaví</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintero" title="Quintero">Quintero</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Province" title="San Antonio Province">San Antonio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algarrobo,_Chile" title="Algarrobo, Chile">Algarrobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Chile" title="Cartagena, Chile">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Quisco" title="El Quisco">El Quisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Tabo" title="El Tabo">El Tabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Chile" title="Santo Domingo, Chile">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Province" title="Isla de Pascua Province">Isla de Pascua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_(commune)" title="Isla de Pascua (commune)">Isla de Pascua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marga_Marga_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Marga Marga Province">Marga Marga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limache" title="Limache">Limache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmu%C3%A9" title="Olmué">Olmué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9" title="Quilpué">Quilpué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Alemana" title="Villa Alemana">Villa Alemana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chilean_cities_with_a_population_of_over_150,000_(2017_census)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Large_cities_of_Chile" title="Template:Large cities of Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Large_cities_of_Chile" title="Template talk:Large cities of Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Large_cities_of_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Large cities of Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chilean_cities_with_a_population_of_over_150,000_(2017_census)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> cities with a population of over 150,000 (2017 census)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Greater Santiago</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puente_Alto" title="Puente Alto">Puente Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maip%C3%BA,_Chile" title="Maipú, Chile">Maipú</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_(commune)" title="Santiago (commune)">Santiago</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Florida,_Chile" title="La Florida, Chile">La Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardo,_Chile" title="San Bernardo, Chile">San Bernardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Condes" title="Las Condes">Las Condes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1alol%C3%A9n" title="Peñalolén">Peñalolén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudahuel" title="Pudahuel">Pudahuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilicura" title="Quilicura">Quilicura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1oa" title="Ñuñoa">Ñuñoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pintana" title="La Pintana">La Pintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Bosque,_Chile" title="El Bosque, Chile">El Bosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoleta,_Chile" title="Recoleta, Chile">Recoleta</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Greater Concepción">Greater Concepción</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcahuano" title="Talcahuano">Talcahuano</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Greater Valparaíso">Greater Valparaíso</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9" title="Quilpué">Quilpué</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_La_Serena" title="Greater La Serena">Greater La Serena</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Serena,_Chile" title="La Serena, Chile">La Serena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquimbo" title="Coquimbo">Coquimbo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_Temuco" title="Greater Temuco">Greater Temuco</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temuco" title="Temuco">Temuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Las_Casas,_Chile" title="Padre Las Casas, Chile">Padre Las Casas</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iquique" title="Greater Iquique">Greater Iquique</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iquique" title="Iquique">Iquique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Hospicio" title="Alto Hospicio">Alto Hospicio</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rancagua_conurbation" title="Rancagua conurbation">Rancagua conurbation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Talca" title="Talca">Talca</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n_conurbation" title="Chillán conurbation">Chillán conurbation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles,_Chile" title="Los Ángeles, Chile">Los Ángeles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Calama,_Chile" title="Calama, Chile">Calama</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copiap%C3%B3" title="Copiapó">Copiapó</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33986#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33986#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33986#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147752757">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212007/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd8fmJvwxWC69pkTrMVmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4198312-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81018779">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Valparaíso (Chile)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge448064&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455648">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550551505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d3cc3f33-b404-419a-8f7e-13166cdf26ef">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044660">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valparaíso&oldid=1262564610">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valparaíso&oldid=1262564610</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Category:Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1536_establishments_in_South_America" title="Category:1536 establishments in South America">1536 establishments in South 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