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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tidligste_historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidligste_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tidligste historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidligste_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middelalder_og_begyndende_industrialisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middelalder_og_begyndende_industrialisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middelalder og begyndende industrialisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middelalder_og_begyndende_industrialisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Århundredeskiftet_og_kontroverser_med_Frankrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Århundredeskiftet_og_kontroverser_med_Frankrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Århundredeskiftet og kontroverser med Frankrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Århundredeskiftet_og_kontroverser_med_Frankrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efterkrigstid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efterkrigstid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Efterkrigstid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efterkrigstid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolregionen_Rhein-Ruhr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolregionen_Rhein-Ruhr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Metropolregionen Rhein-Ruhr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolregionen_Rhein-Ruhr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_i_Ruhr-distriktet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_i_Ruhr-distriktet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sport i Ruhr-distriktet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_i_Ruhr-distriktet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruhr-distriktet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 77 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebied" title="Ruhrgebied – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruhrgebied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" title="Ruhrgebiet – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ruhrgebiet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="حوض الرور – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حوض الرور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rur_regionu" title="Rur regionu – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rur regionu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Рурская вобласць – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рурская вобласць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Рурска област – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рурска област" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="রুর – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_(takad)" title="Ruhr (takad) – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruhr (takad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_del_Ruhr" title="Regió del Ruhr – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió del Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ڕور – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C3%BA%C5%99%C3%AD" title="Porúří – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Porúří" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_y_Ruhr" title="Ardal y Ruhr – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardal y Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" title="Ruhrgebiet – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruhrgebiet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81" title="Κοιλάδα του Ρουρ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοιλάδα του Ρουρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr-regiono" title="Ruhr-regiono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruhr-regiono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_del_Ruhr" title="Región del Ruhr – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región del Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhri_linnastu" title="Ruhri linnastu – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruhri linnastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منطقه رور – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه رور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrin_alue" title="Ruhrin alue – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruhrin alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Ruhr (région) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruhr (région)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoolregiuun_Ruhr" title="Metropoolregiuun Ruhr – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metropoolregiuun Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" title="Ruhrgebiet – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruhrgebiet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A8" title="חבל הרוהר – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חבל הרוהר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="रूर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr-vid%C3%A9k" title="Ruhr-vidék – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruhr-vidék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ռուր – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_del_Ruhr" title="Region del Ruhr – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Region del Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiono_di_Ruhr" title="Regiono di Ruhr – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Regiono di Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_della_Ruhr" title="Regione della Ruhr – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione della Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="ルール地方 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルール地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რურის რეგიონი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რურის რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="루르 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrpott" title="Ruhrpott – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ruhrpott" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рур көмүр бассейни – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рур көмүр бассейни" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_Rurana" title="Regio Rurana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regio Rurana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_(region)" title="Ruhr (region) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruhr (region)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABro_sritis" title="Rūro sritis – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūro sritis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABras_apgabals" title="Rūras apgabals – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūras apgabals" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80" title="Рур – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="रूर – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रूर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ရူးဝါးနယ် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူးဝါးနယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebied" title="Ruhrgebied – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruhrgebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhromr%C3%A5det" title="Ruhrområdet – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ruhrområdet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhromr%C3%A5det" title="Ruhrområdet – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruhrområdet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%86" title="ਰੂਆ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zag%C5%82%C4%99bie_Ruhry" title="Zagłębie Ruhry – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zagłębie Ruhry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_do_Ruhr" title="Vale do Ruhr – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vale do Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_Ruhr" title="Regiunea Ruhr – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Рурская область – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рурская область" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_da_Ruhr_(Girm%C3%A0nia)" title="Zona da Ruhr (Girmània) – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zona da Ruhr (Girmània)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="رھر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رھر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Area" title="Ruhr Area – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruhr Area" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C3%BArie" title="Porúrie – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Porúrie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porurje" title="Porurje – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Porurje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Рурска област – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рурска област" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhrgebiet" title="Ruhrgebiet – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruhrgebiet" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhromr%C3%A5det" title="Ruhrområdet – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ruhrområdet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ரூர் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รัวร์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัวร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_b%C3%B6lgesi" title="Ruhr bölgesi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruhr bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рурський регіон – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рурський регіон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رور – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ruhr" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%BA" title="鲁尔区 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲁尔区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რურიშ რეგიონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რურიშ რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%BA" title="鲁尔区 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁尔区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151993#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruhr-distriktet" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Ruhr-distriktet" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geografiske_koordinater" title="Wikipedia:Geografiske koordinater">Koordinater</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11755137">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&pagename=Ruhr-distriktet&params=51_30_N_7_0_E_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°0′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">51.500°N 7.000°Ø</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; 7.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ruhr_area-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ruhr_area-map.png/300px-Ruhr_area-map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ruhr_area-map.png/450px-Ruhr_area-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ruhr_area-map.png/600px-Ruhr_area-map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Kort over Ruhr-distriktet</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lage_des_Ruhrgebiets.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Lage_des_Ruhrgebiets.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Ruhr-distriktets placering i Tyskland</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ruhr-distriktet</b>, eller bare <b>Ruhr</b>, (<a href="/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog)">tysk</a>: <i>Ruhrgebiet</i>, <i>Ruhrpott</i> eller <i>Kohlenpott</i>) er en <i><a href="/wiki/Flerkernebyregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flerkernebyregion">flerkernebyregion</a></i> (konurbation) i delstaten <a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, og består af flere store, tidligere industribyer mellem floderne <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> i syd, <a href="/wiki/Rhinen" title="Rhinen">Rhinen</a> i vest og <a href="/wiki/Lippe" title="Lippe">Lippe</a> i nord. </p><p>Til Ruhr-distriktets byer tæller man de nu sammenvoksede større byer <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamm" title="Hamm">Hamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herne" title="Herne">Herne</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_an_der_Ruhr" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a> og <a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a>, der udgør ca. 4.435 kvadratkilometer. Tilsammen bor der i dette område omkring 5,3 millioner indbyggere, hvilket gør distriktet til det største sammenhængende byområde i Tyskland og det fjerdestørste på <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>-plan efter <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> og <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidligste_historie">Tidligste historie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Tidligste historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tidligste historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allerede romerne forsøgte at bosætte sig i området og oprettede i år 12 f. Kr. et borganlæg i nærheden af Duisburg for at forsvare sig mod germanske stammer. Området måtte dog opgives ved opgivelsen af det romerske kejserriges vestgrænse i 407, hvorefter germanere herskede i området. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middelalder_og_begyndende_industrialisering">Middelalder og begyndende industrialisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Middelalder og begyndende industrialisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Middelalder og begyndende industrialisering"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruhr-distriktet består af en række tidligere mindre middelalderlige byer, herunder også enkelte hansestæder. I det 18. århundrede var området hovedsageligt agerland med spredte købstæder. De største byer på dette tidspunkt var Duisburg og Dortmund med hver kun ca. 5000 indbyggere. Under den industrielle revolution gjorde de enorme forekomster af kul området til et industrielt kraftcenter i det tyske rige. Selv om man allerede i den tidlige middelalder havde opdaget kul i området, var det først i begyndelsen af det 19. århundrede og især i 2. halvdel af det 19. århundrede efter Tysklands samling i et kejserrige, at udviklingen i området for alvor tog fart. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg/310px-Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg/465px-Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg/620px-Zeche-zollern-2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2083" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>En af de mange kulminer, der var hovedårsagen til Ruhr-distriktets enorme vækst</figcaption></figure> <p>Flere og flere kulminer blev bygget, og efterhånden som de første kulminer løb tør for kul, bevægede minebyggeriet sig længere ind i landet. Med minerne fulgte også et stort antal stålforarbejdningsfabrikker og mange tusinde arbejdere. De mange arbejdere har haft stor betydning for området, der altid har været en højborg for socialdemokratiet og andre venstreorienterede traditionelle arbejderpartier </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Århundredeskiftet_og_kontroverser_med_Frankrig"><span id=".C3.85rhundredeskiftet_og_kontroverser_med_Frankrig"></span>Århundredeskiftet og kontroverser med Frankrig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Århundredeskiftet og kontroverser med Frankrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Århundredeskiftet og kontroverser med Frankrig"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruhr-distriktets politiske betydning var enorm. Det var i dette område, at en stor del af den tyske krigsindustri skulle findes, og for franskmændene var det derfor et vigtigt område at få under kontrol. Efter 1. verdenskrig prøvede franskmændene uden held hårdnakket at få kontrol med det råstofrige distrikt. Under 2. verdenskrig i 1943 blev hele området udsat for massive bombeangreb fra allierede flyvere, især Dortmund og Duisburg blev hårdt ramt, og her blev mere end 65% af beboelsesejendommene totalt smadret. Bombardementerne har haft stor betydning for bybilledet, hvor man i dag ikke finder mange bygninger fra før 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efterkrigstid">Efterkrigstid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Efterkrigstid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Efterkrigstid"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruhr-distriktets betydning for råstofleverancerne var en af de afgørende bevæggrunde for oprettelsen af Kul- og stål-unionen, forløberen for det europæiske fællesskab og senere EU. Denne betydning begyndte dog at forsvinde i løbet af 1960´erne, og Ruhr-distriktet begyndte på dette tidspunkt en udvikling fra det industrielle til det postindustrielle. En udvikling som ikke er forløbet smertefrit, og som med stadige lukninger af kulminer fortsat skaber problemer i området. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Geografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruhr-distriktet er <b>ikke</b> et område defineret ud fra naturens rammer. Området består af menneskeskabte forhold som byer og industri. 37,6 procent af området er bebygget, 40,7 procent er landbrug, og 17,6 procent er skov. Selvom man på baggrund af satelitfotos kunne opfatte hele området som en stor by, så hænger de bebyggede områder ikke planmæssigt sammen som andre traditionelle byer. Ruhr-distriktet er især præget af den historiske udvikling og forekomsten af kul forskellige steder i området. De forskellige byer i området har udviklet sig uafhængigt af hinanden for til sidst at vokse mere og mere sammen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Økonomi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det store skift fra kul- og stålproduktion til en mere moderne økonomi baseret hovedsageligt på finere elektronik og tjenesteydelser har præget Ruhr-distriktet i særlig høj grad. Der er dog stadig betydelige virksomheder, der beskæftiger sig med råstoffer. Således er <a href="/wiki/ThyssenKrupp" title="ThyssenKrupp">ThyssenKrupp</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Degussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degussa (ikke skrevet endnu)">Degussa</a> og mineselskabet <a href="/w/index.php?title=RAG_Aktiengesellschaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RAG Aktiengesellschaft (ikke skrevet endnu)">RAG Aktiengesellschaft</a> stadig store firmaer i området. </p><p>Indenfor energisektoren skal <a href="/wiki/RWE" title="RWE">RWE</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=E.ON_Ruhrgas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.ON Ruhrgas (ikke skrevet endnu)">E.ON Ruhrgas</a> nævnes. De største aktører inden for tjenestehandelsområdet er <a href="/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi-gruppen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karstadt-Quelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karstadt-Quelle (ikke skrevet endnu)">Karstadt-Quelle</a> samt <a href="/wiki/Tengelmann" title="Tengelmann">Tengelmann</a>-gruppen. </p><p>Disse store virksomheder ændrer dog ikke på, at det tidligere tunge industriområde stadig lider under den udvikling, der har gjort sværindustri i Europa urentabel. Arbejdsløsheden ligger på ca. 9,7 procent.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metropolregionen_Rhein-Ruhr">Metropolregionen Rhein-Ruhr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Metropolregionen Rhein-Ruhr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Metropolregionen Rhein-Ruhr"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruhr-distriktet betegnes også ofte som centrum i det, man med et fagudtryk kalder <i>metropol-region Rhein-Ruhr</i>. Metropolregionen Rhein-Ruhr er med sine 10.233.678 indbyggere en af de største i Europa, og den er klart Tysklands største. Rhein-Ruhr-regionen tæller udover de ovennævnte byer i Ruhr-distriktet bl.a. også <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln" title="Köln">Köln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamm" title="Hamm">Hamm</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gummersbach" title="Gummersbach">Gummersbach</a>. Regionen er et trafikalt knudepunkt af vital betydning for europæisk økonomi. Her mødes nogle af de vigtigste øst-vestgående og nord-sydgående motorveje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_i_Ruhr-distriktet">Sport i Ruhr-distriktet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Sport i Ruhr-distriktet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Sport i Ruhr-distriktet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En række berømte tyske fodboldhold holder til i Ruhrdistriktet. Mange af klubberne har i perioder været helt i top i europæisk sammenhæng. Fodboldhold i området, som i dag præger tysk fodbold, er bl.a.: </p><p><b>Bundesligahold</b> <a href="/wiki/FC_Schalke_04" title="FC Schalke 04">FC Schalke 04</a> fra Gelsenkirchen, <a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSV_Duisburg" title="MSV Duisburg">MSV Duisburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln" title="1. FC Köln">1. FC Köln</a>, <a href="/wiki/VfL_Bochum" title="VfL Bochum">VfL Bochum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Borussia Mönchengladbach">Borussia Mönchengladbach</a> </p><p><b>Andre berømte fodboldhold</b> <a href="/wiki/Rot-Weiss_Essen" title="Rot-Weiss Essen">Rot-Weiss Essen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportfreunde_Katernberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportfreunde Katernberg (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sportfreunde Katernberg</a> (Essen), <a href="/wiki/Rot-Weiss_Oberhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rot-Weiss Oberhausen">Rot-Weiss Oberhausen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SG_Wattenscheid_09&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SG Wattenscheid 09 (ikke skrevet endnu)">SG Wattenscheid 09</a> (Bochum), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westfalia_Herne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westfalia Herne (ikke skrevet endnu)">Westfalia Herne</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=SV_Sodingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SV Sodingen (ikke skrevet endnu)">SV Sodingen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Herne_(Tyskland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herne (Tyskland) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Herne</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammer_Spielvereinigung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammer Spielvereinigung (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hammer Spielvereinigung</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spielvereinigung_Erkenschwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spielvereinigung Erkenschwick (ikke skrevet endnu)">Spielvereinigung Erkenschwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Fortuna Düsseldorf">Fortuna Düsseldorf</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamborn_07&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamborn 07 (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hamborn 07</a> (Duisburg) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1127716/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-metropolregion-ruhr/">https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1127716/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-metropolregion-ruhr/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr-distriktet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:67px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="commons:Forside">Wikimedia Commons</a> har medier relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruhr_area" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ruhr area">Ruhr-distriktet</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruhrpotten.blogspot.com/">Kultur i Ruhr</a> </p><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11755137">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=da&pagename=Ruhr-distriktet&params=51_30_N_7_0_E_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°0′Ø</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kort, flyfoto og andre data for dette sted">51.500°N 7.000°Ø</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; 7.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" 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