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düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tundra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 102 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="تندرة - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تندرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তুন্দ্রা - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুন্দ্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تەندرا - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەندرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Τούνδρα - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούνδρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="توندرا - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توندرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBndra" title="Tûndra - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tûndra" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טונדרה - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טונדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="टुण्ड्रा - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टुण्ड्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Տունդրա - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տունդրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik - İnyupikçe" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nunavik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="İnyupikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fre%C3%B0m%C3%BDri" title="Freðmýri - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Freðmýri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%87%E1%90%B9%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%83%E1%95%88%E1%93%90%E1%93%87%E1%99%B1%E1%91%A6%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ - İnuktitut dili" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="İnuktitut dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9" title="ツンドラ - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツンドラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტუნდრა - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუნდრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC" title="툰드라 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툰드라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundula" title="Tundula - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tundula" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Тундро - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тундро" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="തുന്ദ്ര - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുന്ദ്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundru" title="Tundru - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tundru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundiraa" title="Tundiraa - Oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tundiraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundr%C4%83" title="Tundră - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tundră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Туундара - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туундара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٽنڊرا - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽنڊرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="තුන්ද්‍රා - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුන්ද්‍රා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தூந்திரம் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூந்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ทันดรา - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทันดรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_nguy%C3%AAn" title="Đài nguyên - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài nguyên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%8E%9F" title="冻原 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冻原" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate - Zuluca" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Tundra climate" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Tundra" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Tundra" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Tundra" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&oldid=33487421" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Tundra&id=33487421&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTundra"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTundra"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tundra"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tundra&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tundra" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43262" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:#6B8E23; color: #000000; font-size:125%; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px;">Tundra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo" style="text-align: center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:800px-Map-Tundra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/275px-800px-Map-Tundra.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/413px-800px-Map-Tundra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/550px-800px-Map-Tundra.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Arktik" class="mw-redirect" title="Arktik">Arktik</a> tundra bölgelerini gösteren harita</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo" style="text-align: center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg/275px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg/413px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg/550px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp2_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Tundra, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland" title="Grönland">Grönland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#6B8E23; color: #000000; font-size:110%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafya" title="Coğrafya">Coğrafya</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Konum" class="mw-redirect" title="Konum">Konum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya%27n%C4%B1n_kutup_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Dünya'nın kutup bölgeleri">Kutup bölgesi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#6B8E23; color: #000000; font-size:110%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;">Özellikler</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0klim" title="İklim">İklim</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Fuk_iklimler" title="Soğuk iklimler">Soğuk iklim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Biyom" title="Biyom">Biyom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">Tundra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Biyoco%C4%9Frafik_b%C3%B6lge" title="Biyocoğrafik bölge">Biyocoğrafik bölge</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Palearktik_biyoco%C4%9Frafik_b%C3%B6lgesi" title="Palearktik biyocoğrafik bölgesi">Palearktik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Bitki" title="Bitki">Bitki türü</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">Çok az</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Sıcaklık">Sıcaklık</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">-28-12 °C (245-285 K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Güneş">Güneş miktarı</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">800–1100 kWh/m²/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#9AB973; font-size:100%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yağış">Yağış miktarı</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.2em; background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%;">80 - 450 mm</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#6B8E23; color: #000000; font-size:110%; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tundra" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tundra">Wikimedia Commons</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tundra</b>, <a href="/wiki/Fiziki_co%C4%9Frafya" title="Fiziki coğrafya">fiziki coğrafya</a> da ağaç gelişiminin düşük sıcaklıklar ve kısa süreli yeşerme mevsimleri ile engellendiği <a href="/wiki/Biyom" title="Biyom">biyom</a> çeşididir. Tundra terimi, "yaylalar", "ağaçsız dağlık arazi" anlamına gelen <a href="/wiki/Kildin_Samice" title="Kildin Samice">Kildin Samice</a> тӯндар (<i>tūndâr</i>) sözcüğünün <a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusçaya</a> geçmiş hâli olan тундра (<i>tundra</i>) sözcüğünden gelir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tundra bitki örtüsü cüce <a href="/wiki/%C3%87al%C4%B1" title="Çalı">çalılar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papir%C3%BCsgiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Papirüsgiller">sazlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%9Fdaygiller" title="Buğdaygiller">çayırlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaprakl%C4%B1_kara_yosunlar%C4%B1" title="Yapraklı kara yosunları">yosunlar</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Likenler" title="Likenler">likenlerden</a> oluşur. Bazı tundra bölgelerinde ağaçlar dağınık hâlde yetişir. Tundra ve orman arasındaki <a href="/wiki/Ekoton" title="Ekoton">ekoton</a> (veya ekolojik sınır bölgesi), <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fa%C3%A7_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Ağaç sınırı">ağaç sınırı</a> veya orman sınırı olarak bilinir. Tundra toprağı <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azot</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> bakımından zengindir.<sup id="cite_ref-berkeley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tundralar bölgelerine göre arktik tundra,<sup id="cite_ref-berkeley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alpin_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1rlar" title="Alpin çayırlar">alpin tundra</a><sup id="cite_ref-berkeley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berkeley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve antarktik tundra<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> olmak üzere üç çeşittir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Aapala, Kirsti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001211854/http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml">"Tunturista jängälle"</a>. <i>Kieli-ikkunat</i>. 1 Ekim 2006 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">19 Ocak</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kieli-ikkunat&rft.atitle=Tunturista+j%C3%A4ng%C3%A4lle&rft.aulast=Aapala&rft.aufirst=Kirsti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotus.fi%2Fjulkaisut%2Fikkunat%2F1999%2Fkielii1999_19.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ATundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berkeley-2"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-berkeley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkeley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berkeley_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981203070709/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html">"The Tundra Biome"</a>. <i>The World's Biomes</i>. 3 Aralık 1998 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">5 Mart</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Biomes&rft.atitle=The+Tundra+Biome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Fglossary%2Fgloss5%2Fbiome%2Ftundra.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ATundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwf-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-wwf_3-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805095438/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_an.html">"Terrestrial Ecoregions: Antarctica"</a>. <i>Wild World</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. 5 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_an.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 2 Kasım 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wild+World&rft.atitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions%3A+Antarctica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fwildworld%2Fprofiles%2Fterrestrial_an.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ATundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Köppen_iklim_sınıflandırmasına_göre_iklim_türleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cceeff"><div id="Köppen_iklim_sınıflandırmasına_göre_iklim_türleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_iklim_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1fland%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1" title="Köppen iklim sınıflandırması">Köppen iklim sınıflandırmasına</a> göre <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0klim" title="İklim">iklim</a> türleri</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cceeff;"><a href="/wiki/Tropikal_iklim" title="Tropikal iklim">A Grubu</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropikal_ya%C4%9Fmur_orman%C4%B1_iklimi" title="Tropikal yağmur ormanı iklimi">Tropikal yağmur ormanı (<i>Af</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muson_iklimi" title="Muson iklimi">Muson (<i>Am</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savan_iklimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Savan iklimi">Savan (<i>Aw</i>, <i>As</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cceeff;">B Grubu</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" 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title="Antarktika Antlaşması">Antarktika Antlaşması</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27n%C4%B1n_iklimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'nın iklimi (sayfa mevcut değil)">İklim</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antarktika_buz_sahanl%C4%B1klar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Antarktika buz sahanlıkları listesi">Buz sahanlıkları</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27n%C4%B1n_kolonizsyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'nın kolonizsyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kolonizasyon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antarktika%27da_su%C3%A7" title="Antarktika'da suç">Suç</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antarktika_demografisi" title="Antarktika demografisi">Demografi</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antarktika#Ekonomi" title="Antarktika">Ekonomi</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika_ke%C5%9Fifleri_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika keşifleri listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Keşifler</a> <b>·</b>  <a 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değil)">Toprak iddiaları</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27da_zaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'da zaman (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zaman</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27da_turizm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'da turizm (sayfa mevcut değil)">Turizm</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antarktika%27daki_ultra_belirgin_zirveler_listesi" title="Antarktika'daki ultra belirgin zirveler listesi">Dağlar</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27da_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'da ulaşım (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ulaşım</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27daki_volkanlar%C4%B1n_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'daki volkanların listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Volkanlar</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27daki_vah%C5%9Fi_ya%C5%9Fam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'daki vahşi yaşam (sayfa mevcut değil)">Vahşi yaşam</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coğrafi bölgeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antarktika_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Antarktika Yarımadası">Antarktika Yarımadası</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Antarktika" title="Doğu Antarktika">Doğu Antarktika</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C4%9Fu_Antarktika_buz_tabakas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doğu Antarktika buz tabakası (sayfa mevcut değil)">buz tabakası</a>)  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Antarktika" title="Batı Antarktika">Batı Antarktika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Antarktika_buz_tabakas%C4%B1" title="Batı Antarktika buz tabakası">buz tabakası</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktik_ekozon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktik ekozon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ekozon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktika%27n%C4%B1n_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1rlar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktika'nın sınırları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sınırlar</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antarktik_ve_Subantarktik_adalar_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antarktik ve Subantarktik adalar listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Adalar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Su yolları</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vostok_G%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Vostok Gölü">Vostok Gölü</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antarktika%27daki_nehirlerin_listesi" title="Antarktika'daki nehirlerin listesi">Nehirler</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Bo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="McMurdo Boğazı">McMurdo Boğazı</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ross_Denizi" title="Ross Denizi">Ross Denizi</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Okyanusu" title="Güney Okyanusu">Güney Okyanusu</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Weddell_Denizi" title="Weddell Denizi">Weddell Denizi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ünlü kâşifler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Douglas Mawson</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_McMurdo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald McMurdo (sayfa mevcut değil)">Archibald McMurdo</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Antarktika_k%C3%A2%C5%9Fifleri" title="Kategori:Antarktika kâşifleri"><i>devamı...</i></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/16px-Symbol_category.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/24px-Symbol_category.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Symbol_category.svg/32px-Symbol_category.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Antarktika" title="Kategori:Antarktika">Kategori</a> <b>·</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons sayfası"><img alt="Commons sayfası" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antarctica" class="extiw" 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