CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Astrodome - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"26a3d585-d035-4c1c-9cee-c92ce07219b2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Astrodome","wgTitle":"Astrodome","wgCurRevisionId":1258709237,"wgRevisionId":1258709237,"wgArticleId":274065,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from May 2021","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from January 2020","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension","1965 establishments in Texas", "Sports venues completed in 1965","American football venues in Texas","Baseball venues in Texas","Multi-purpose stadiums","Defunct college baseball venues in the United States","Defunct college football venues","Defunct multi-purpose stadiums in the United States","Covered stadiums in the United States","Defunct Major League Baseball venues","Defunct National Football League venues","Defunct soccer venues in the United States","American Football League venues","History of Houston","Houston Astros","Houston Astros stadiums","Houston Gamblers stadiums","Houston Rockets","Hurricane Katrina disaster relief","Defunct NCAA bowl game venues","Houston Cougars baseball venues","American football venues in Houston","Houston Cougars football venues","Houston Oilers stadiums","Texas Southern Tigers football","United States Football League venues","Rodeo venues in the United States","World Football League venues","Historic American Engineering Record in Texas", "North American Soccer League (1968–1984) stadiums","Defunct sports venues in Texas","National Register of Historic Places in Houston","Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas","Baseball venues in Houston","Soccer venues in Houston","Wrestling venues in Houston","Former NBA venues","2008 disestablishments in Texas","Defunct covered stadiums"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Astrodome","wgRelevantArticleId":274065,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist": true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":29.685,"lon":-95.40777777777778},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1025406","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles": "ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/1200px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/800px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/640px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Astrodome - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Astrodome rootpage-Astrodome skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Astrodome" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Astrodome" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Astrodome" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Astrodome" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Conception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Design and construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Opening and reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Rainout"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Rainout""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>"The Rainout"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Rainout"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurricane_Katrina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurricane_Katrina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Hurricane Katrina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurricane_Katrina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refurbishment_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refurbishment_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Refurbishment plans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Refurbishment_plans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Refurbishment plans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Refurbishment_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2013_referendum_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_referendum_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2013 referendum and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_referendum_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrodome_Indoor_City_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrodome_Indoor_City_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Astrodome Indoor City Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrodome_Indoor_City_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrodome_Revitalization_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrodome_Revitalization_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Astrodome Revitalization Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrodome_Revitalization_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tennis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boxing_&_WWE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boxing_&_WWE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Boxing & WWE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxing_&_WWE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concerts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Concerts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concerts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Motorsports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and recognitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scoreboard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoreboard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Scoreboard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoreboard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Playing surface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seating_capacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seating_capacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Seating capacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seating_capacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Astrodome</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="أسترودوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسترودوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_Astrodome" title="NRG Astrodome – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NRG Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_Astrodome" title="NRG Astrodome – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="NRG Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%8F%94" title="애스트로돔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애스트로돔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" title="Reliant Astrodome – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reliant Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" title="Reliant Astrodome – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reliant Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" title="Reliant Astrodome – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reliant Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="アストロドーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アストロドーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Астродом – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астродом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome" title="Astrodome – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astrodome" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1025406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astrodome" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Astrodome" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astrodome"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astrodome"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Astrodome" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Astrodome" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&oldid=1258709237" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Astrodome&id=1258709237&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAstrodome"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAstrodome"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Astrodome&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrodome" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1025406" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Astrodome&params=29_41_6_N_95_24_28_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°41′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°24′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.68500°N 95.40778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.68500; -95.40778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stadium in Houston, Texas, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the stadium in Houston, Texas. For aeronautical use, see <a href="/wiki/Astrodome_(aeronautics)" title="Astrodome (aeronautics)">Astrodome (aeronautics)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">NRG Astrodome</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/260px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/390px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg/520px-Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3015" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Astrodome in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_0869038af0803fd76e5be8e1c01848a98e3fa731"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Astrodome&revid=1258709237&groups=_0869038af0803fd76e5be8e1c01848a98e3fa731" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Astrodome&revid=1258709237&groups=_0869038af0803fd76e5be8e1c01848a98e3fa731 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Harris County Domed Stadium (1965)</li><li>Houston Astrodome<br />(1965–2000)</li><li>Reliant Astrodome<br />(2000–2014)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data label">8400 Kirby Drive</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Astrodome&params=29_41_6_N_95_24_28_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°41′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°24′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.68500°N 95.40778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.68500; -95.40778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NRG_Park_(METRORail_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG Park (METRORail station)">NRG Park</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Astrodome USA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Record attendance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a> concert, 68,266</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field size</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Original</li><li><b>Left field</b> – 340 ft (104 m)</li><li><b>Left center</b> – 375 ft (114 m)</li><li><b>Center field</b> – 406 ft (124 m)</li><li><b>Right center</b> – 375 ft (114 m)</li><li><b>Right field</b> – 340 ft (104 m)</li><li><b>Backstop</b> – 60.5 ft (18 m)</li><li>Final</li><li><b>Left field</b> – 325 ft (99 m)</li><li><b>Left center</b> – 375 ft (114 m)</li><li><b>Center field</b> – 400 ft (122 m)</li><li><b>Right center</b> – 375 ft (114 m)</li><li><b>Right field</b> – 325 ft (99 m)</li><li><b>Backstop</b> – 52 ft (16 m)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Grass (1965)</li><li>Painted dirt (1965)</li><li><a href="/wiki/AstroTurf" title="AstroTurf">AstroTurf</a> (1966–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broke ground</th><td class="infobox-data">January 3, 1962</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">March 18, 1963<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–November 1964<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AstrodomeDimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AstrodomeDimensions.svg/220px-AstrodomeDimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AstrodomeDimensions.svg/330px-AstrodomeDimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AstrodomeDimensions.svg/440px-AstrodomeDimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">April 9, 1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renovated</th><td class="infobox-data">1988–1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">2008</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demolished</th><td class="infobox-data">December 8, 2013 (partial)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data">US$35 million<br />($338 million in 2023 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Hermon Lloyd & W. B. Morgan</li><li>Wilson, Morris, Crain & Anderson</li><li>Praeger-Kavanagh-Waterbury</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structural engineer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_P_Moore" title="Walter P Moore">Walter P Moore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services engineer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>I.A. Naman Associates, Inc.</li><li>John G. Turney & Associates</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General contractor</th><td class="infobox-data">H. A. Lott, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Tenants</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> (<a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a>) 1965–1999</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars_football" title="Houston Cougars football">Houston Cougars</a> (<a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a>) 1965–1997</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a> 1966–2002</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stars" title="Houston Stars">Houston Stars</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_Association" title="United Soccer Association">USA</a>/<a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_League_(1968%E2%80%9384)" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Soccer League (1968–84)">NASL</a>) 1967–1968</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Oilers" title="Houston Oilers">Houston Oilers</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">AFL</a>/<a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a>) 1968–1996</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bluebonnet_Bowl" title="Bluebonnet Bowl">Bluebonnet Bowl</a> (NCAA) 1968–1984, 1987</li><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" title="Texas Southern Tigers football">Texas Southern Tigers</a> (NCAA) 1968–2004</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a>) 1971–1975</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans_(WFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Texans (WFL)">Houston Texans</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">WFL</a>) 1974</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Hurricane" title="Houston Hurricane">Houston Hurricane</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Soccer_League_(1968%E2%80%9384)" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Soccer League (1968–84)">NASL</a>) 1978–1980</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Gamblers" title="Houston Gamblers">Houston Gamblers</a> (<a href="/wiki/USFL" class="mw-redirect" title="USFL">USFL</a>) 1984–1985</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Bowl" title="Houston Bowl">Houston Bowl</a> (NCAA) 2000–2001</li><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Energy" title="Houston Energy">Houston Energy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League" title="Women's Professional Football League">WPFL</a>) 2002–2006</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">The Astrodome</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #DACAA5"><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Antiquities_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas State Antiquities Landmark">Texas State Antiquities Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Houston is located in the United States"><img alt="Houston is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.814%;left:51.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Houston"><img alt="Houston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Houston</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Texas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Houston is located in Texas"><img alt="Houston is located in Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/250px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/375px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/500px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.965%;left:83.885%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Houston"><img alt="Houston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Houston</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Texas</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/13001099">13001099</a><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_listing_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_listing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">January 15, 2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated TSAL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">January 27, 2017</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>NRG Astrodome</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly and also known as the <b>Houston Astrodome</b> or simply the <b>Astrodome</b>, was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadium#Types" title="Stadium">domed</a> sports <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, United States. It sat around 50,000 fans, with a record attendance of 68,266 set by <a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a> in 2002. </p><p>It was financed and assisted in development by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hofheinz" title="Roy Hofheinz">Roy Hofheinz</a>, mayor of Houston and known for pioneering modern stadiums. Construction on the stadium began in 1963, more than a year after the ceremonial groundbreaking, and it officially opened in 1965. It served as home to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) from <a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">1965</a> until <a href="/wiki/1999_Houston_Astros_season" title="1999 Houston Astros season">1999</a>, and the home to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Oilers" title="Houston Oilers">Houston Oilers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (AFL)/<a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) from <a href="/wiki/1968_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1968 Houston Oilers season">1968</a> until <a href="/wiki/1996_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1996 Houston Oilers season">1996</a>, and also the part-time home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) from 1971 until 1975. Additionally, the Astrodome was the primary venue of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a> from 1966 until 2002. When opened, it was named the <b>Harris County Domed Stadium</b> and was nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Wonder_of_the_World" title="Eighth Wonder of the World">Eighth Wonder of the World</a>". </p><p>After the original natural grass playing surface died, the Astrodome became the first major sports venue to install <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a> in <a href="/wiki/1966_Houston_Astros_season" title="1966 Houston Astros season">1966</a>, which became known as <a href="/wiki/AstroTurf" title="AstroTurf">AstroTurf</a>. In another technological first, the Astrodome featured the "Astrolite", which was the first animated scoreboard. The stadium was renovated in 1988–1989, expanding seating and altering many original features. </p><p>By the 1990s, the Astrodome was becoming obsolete. Unable to secure a new stadium, Oilers owner <a href="/wiki/Bud_Adams" title="Bud Adams">Bud Adams</a> moved the team to <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> after <a href="/wiki/1996_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1996 Houston Oilers season">1996</a>, and became the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a> in <a href="/wiki/1999_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="1999 Tennessee Titans season">1999</a>. The Astros played at the dome through <a href="/wiki/1999_Houston_Astros_season" title="1999 Houston Astros season">1999</a>, then relocated to Enron Field (now <a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a>) in <a href="/wiki/2000_Houston_Astros_season" title="2000 Houston Astros season">2000</a>. </p><p>The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo continued to be held at the Astrodome until the opening of the adjacent <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> in 2002 (which coincided with the debut of the <a href="/wiki/2002_Houston_Texans_season" title="2002 Houston Texans season">Houston Texans</a>, the team that replaced the Oilers). Although the Astrodome no longer had any primary tenants, it regularly hosted events during the early 2000s. It was used as a shelter for residents of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> affected by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005. </p><p>The Astrodome was declared non-compliant with <a href="/wiki/Fire_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire code">fire code</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Fire_Department" title="Houston Fire Department">Houston Fire Department</a> in 2008 and parts of it were demolished in 2013 after several years of disuse. In 2014, it was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_listing_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_listing-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conception">Conception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> expanded to Houston in 1960, when the National League agreed to add two teams. The Houston Colt .45s (renamed the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Astros</a> in 1965) were to begin play in 1962, along with their expansion brethren <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hofheinz" title="Roy Hofheinz">Roy Hofheinz</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Houston">mayor of Houston</a>, and his group were granted the franchise after they promised to build a covered stadium. It was thought a covered stadium was a must for a major league team to be viable in Houston due to the area's <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical climate">subtropical climate</a> and hot summers. Game-time temperatures are usually above 97 °F (36 °C) in July and August, with high humidity and a likelihood of rain. Hofheinz claimed inspiration for what became the Astrodome from a tour of Rome, where he learned that the builders of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> installed a giant <i><a href="/wiki/Velarium" title="Velarium">velarium</a></i> (fabric awning) to shield spectators from the sun. </p><p>The Astrodome was conceived by Hofheinz as early as 1952, when he and his daughter Dene were rained out once too often at <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Stadium" title="Buffalo Stadium">Buffalo Stadium</a>, home of Houston's minor league baseball team, the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Buffaloes" title="Houston Buffaloes">Houston Buffs</a>. Hofheinz abandoned his interest in <a href="/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Galleria (Houston)">The Galleria</a>, and set his sights on bringing major league baseball to Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-Storied_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storied-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:22em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>The county commissioner was positively indignant at the way everybody, particularly the news media, kept calling the new county facility by the wrong name. "The county built it and the county paid for it," he loudly complained to a packed hearing room, "and, dammit, the county <i>owns</i> it!" Growing purplish, the commissioner blustered that "People by God ought to start calling it by its right name: <i>The Harris County Domed Stadium</i>!!"<br /><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>"Well," soothed the agreeable Judge, "you can call it whatever you wanta call it." With the temperate grace of a statesman he smiled amicably, puffed his cigar and added, "But the World is gonna know it as the Astrodome." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">"An Astrofable" (April 1975), <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-8th-Wonder-1975_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8th-Wonder-1975-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The Astrodome was designed by architects Hermon Lloyd & W. B. Morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson (Morris Architects). Structural engineering and structural design were performed by <a href="/wiki/Walter_P_Moore" title="Walter P Moore">Walter P Moore</a> Engineers and Consultants of Houston. Credit<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the design work on the dome roof structural goes to Dr. G. R. Kiewitt and Mr. Louis O. Bass of Roof Structures, Inc. It was constructed by H. A. Lott, Inc. for <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a>. It stands 18 stories tall, covering 9.5 acres (3.8 ha). The dome is 710 feet (220 m) in diameter and the ceiling is 208 feet (63 m) above the playing surface, which itself sits 25 feet (7.6 m) below street level.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The air conditioning system was designed by I. A. Naman; other aspects that were considered included visibility (which could be reduced by cigarette smoke), light admittance, and acoustics (requiring approximately <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> the roof area to be covered with sound-absorbing materials), the air handling units were designed to move 2,500,000 cu ft/min (1,200 m<sup>3</sup>/s) of air, with approximately 10% of that being fresh air from outside to limit carbon dioxide buildup.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrodome_(Houston)_Skylights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg/175px-Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg/263px-Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg/350px-Astrodome_%28Houston%29_Skylights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Astrodome Skylights</figcaption></figure> <p>The scoreboard, eventually known as the "Astrolite", was designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_Play_Scoreboards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fair Play Scoreboards (page does not exist)">Fair Play Scoreboards</a> of <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Astrolite_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astrolite-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having designed the scoreboard for <a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a> several years prior, team owner Roy Hofheinz was not impressed with the initial proposal for a much more generic type of scoreboard. Project designer Jack Foster teamed up with a creative professional based in Kansas City to create the first animated scoreboard. Its reported cost was $2.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Astrolite_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astrolite-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dome was completed in November 1964, six months ahead of schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many engineering changes were required during construction, including the modest flattening of the supposed "hemispherical roof" to cope with environmentally induced structural deformation and the use of a new paving process called "lime stabilization" to cope with changes in the chemistry of the soil. The <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> system was designed by Houston <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical engineer">mechanical engineers</a> Israel A. Naman and Jack Boyd Buckley of I. A. Naman + Associates. </p><p>The multi-purpose stadium, designed to facilitate both football and baseball, is nearly circular and uses movable lower seating areas. It also ushered in the era of other fully domed stadiums, such as the <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Superdome" title="Caesars Superdome">Caesars Superdome</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, as well as the all now-demolished <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> near <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdome" title="Kingdome">Kingdome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RCA_Dome" title="RCA Dome">RCA Dome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>. </p><p>To test what effect the enclosed air-conditioned environment might have on the delivery of <a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">breaking balls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Satchel Paige</a>, in full Astros uniform, threw the first pitches at the Astrodome on February 7, 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later concluded that it was a "pitcher's paradise", as the lack of wind allowed for sensitive pitches to maneuver more easily. </p><p>Hofheinz had an opulent apartment in the Dome, which was removed when the facility was remodeled in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seven-floor apartment was adjacent to the right field bleachers and included a shooting gallery, a bowling alley, a chapel, and a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_suite" title="Presidential suite">presidential suite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_and_reception">Opening and reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opening and reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stadium's opening day took place on April 9, 1965. A sold-out crowd of 47,879 watched an exhibition game between the <a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">Astros</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1965_New_York_Yankees_season" title="1965 New York Yankees season">New York Yankees</a>. <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird</a> were in attendance, as well as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Houston" title="List of mayors of Houston">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Louie_Welch" title="Louie Welch">Louie Welch</a>. Governor Connally tossed out the first ball for the first indoor MLB game. <a href="/wiki/Turk_Farrell" title="Turk Farrell">Dick "Turk" Farrell</a> of the Astros threw the first pitch. <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mickey Mantle</a> had both the first hit (a single) and the first home run in the Astrodome, but the Astros won 2–1 in twelve innings.<sup id="cite_ref-fdded_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdded-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ablstf_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ablstf-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OZY_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OZY-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrodome_1965.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Astrodome_1965.jpeg/200px-Astrodome_1965.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Astrodome_1965.jpeg/300px-Astrodome_1965.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Astrodome_1965.jpeg/400px-Astrodome_1965.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>The Astrodome in <a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">1965</a></figcaption></figure> <p>President Johnson stopped at the Astrodome that evening en route to his home in <a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Texas" title="Johnson City, Texas">Johnson City</a> and paid his respects to baseball and Astros president Roy Hofheinz, a campaign manager for Johnson in the 1940s, just as the second inning got underway. He and Lady Bird watched the opening night game from behind the glass in Judge Hofheinz's private box high in the right field just to the right of the giant scoreboard. LBJ ate hors d'œuvres and chicken and ice cream while watching the game.<sup id="cite_ref-OZY_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OZY-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Roy, I want to congratulate you; it shows so much imagination", he was heard to say. Later, he called the stadium "massive" and "beautiful." Although the president's visit overshadowed all others, dignitaries swarmed through the "Eighth Wonder of the World" during the three days of the exhibition series and for opening night against the <a href="/wiki/1965_Philadelphia_Phillies_season" title="1965 Philadelphia Phillies season">Phillies</a> on April 12. Chris Short of the Phillies shut out the Astros on four hits, with 12 strikeouts.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first artist to play the Astrodome was <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> on December 17, 1965; <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a> were her opening act, and tickets were priced $1.00 to $7.50. The dome seated 48,000, and another 12,000 seats were added for this show. Paid $43,000 for the one show, Garland appeared on stage at 10 p.m. and sang for forty minutes, with her set of songs including: "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands"; "Just in Time"; "My Kind of Town, Houston Is"/"Houston"; "As Long As He Needs Me"; "Joey, Joey, Joey"; "Do it Again"; "What Now My Love?"; "By Myself"; "Rock-A-Bye Your Baby"; "San Francisco"; "Chicago"; and "Over the Rainbow." <a href="/wiki/Mort_Lindsey" title="Mort Lindsey">Mort Lindsey</a> conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-Schechter2006_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schechter2006-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Rainout""><span id=".22The_Rainout.22"></span>"The Rainout"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "The Rainout""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Astrodome suffered a <a href="/wiki/Rainout_(sports)" title="Rainout (sports)">rainout</a> on June 15, 1976. The <a href="/wiki/1976_Houston_Astros_season" title="1976 Houston Astros season">Astros</a>' scheduled game against the <a href="/wiki/1976_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1976 Pittsburgh Pirates season">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> was called when massive flooding in the Houston area prevented all but a few fans from reaching the stadium. Both teams had arrived early for practice, but the umpires were several hours late. At 5 pm that day, with only a handful of fans on hand and already several hours behind, the umpires and teams agreed to call the game off. Tables were brought onto the field and the teams ate dinner together.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Astros still had a home series with Pittsburgh in August, this game was made up in Pittsburgh in July. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg/180px-Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg/270px-Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg/360px-Astrodome_interior_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3321" data-file-height="4710" /></a><figcaption>Astrodome interior in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989, four cylindrical pedestrian ramp columns were constructed outside the Dome for <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a>. This enabled the Astrodome to comply with the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 Republican National Convention</a> was held at the Astrodome in August of that year. The <a href="/wiki/1992_Houston_Astros_season" title="1992 Houston Astros season">Astros</a> accommodated the convention by taking a month-long road trip. A manually operated scoreboard debuted that season. </p><p>On August 19, 1995, a scheduled preseason game between the <a href="/wiki/1995_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1995 Houston Oilers season">Oilers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1995_San_Diego_Chargers_season" title="1995 San Diego Chargers season">San Diego Chargers</a> had to be canceled due to the dilapidated condition of the playing field. Oilers owner <a href="/wiki/Bud_Adams" title="Bud Adams">Bud Adams</a> demanded a new stadium, but the city of Houston refused to fund it. After years of threats, Adams moved the team to <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a> after the 1996 season.<sup id="cite_ref-governing1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governing1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around that time the Astros also threatened to leave the city unless a new ballpark was built.<sup id="cite_ref-governing1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governing1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The retractable-roofed <a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Enron Field</a> (now known as Minute Maid Park) opened for the <a href="/wiki/2000_Houston_Astros_season" title="2000 Houston Astros season">2000 season</a> in downtown Houston. </p><p>One of the largest crowds in the Astrodome's history, more than 66,746 fans, came on Sunday, February 26, 1995, to see <a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a> superstar <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a> and her band Los Dinos perform for a sell-out crowd during the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selena y Los Dinos performed two consecutive times before at the Astrodome, breaking previous attendance records each time. This was Selena's last televised concert before she was <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Selena" title="Murder of Selena">fatally shot</a> on March 31, 1995, by <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Sald%C3%ADvar" title="Yolanda Saldívar">her fan club president</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg/250px-Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg/375px-Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg/500px-Astrophoto_of_Astrodome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NRG_Park" title="NRG Park">NRG Park</a> area, Houston, Texas. Astrodome, with <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> at center of this 2010 astronaut photo</figcaption></figure> <p>The Astrodome was joined by a new neighbor in <a href="/wiki/2002_Houston_Texans_season" title="2002 Houston Texans season">2002</a>, the retractable-roofed Reliant Stadium (now known as <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a>), which was built to house Houston's new <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a> moved to the new venue in 2003, leaving the Astrodome without any major tenants. The last concert at the Astrodome was <a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a> & the <a href="/wiki/Ace_in_the_Hole_Band" title="Ace in the Hole Band">Ace in the Hole Band</a> during the 2002 Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, before a record crowd of 68,266; the performance was recorded in <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Last_Time:_Live_from_the_Astrodome" title="For the Last Time: Live from the Astrodome">For the Last Time: Live from the Astrodome</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurricane_Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hurricane Katrina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katrina-14637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Katrina-14637.jpg/220px-Katrina-14637.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Katrina-14637.jpg/330px-Katrina-14637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Katrina-14637.jpg/440px-Katrina-14637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>Survivors of Katrina in the Astrodome, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 31, 2005, in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a> Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the State of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> came to an agreement to allow at least 25,000 evacuees from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, especially those that were sheltered in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Superdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Superdome">Louisiana Superdome</a>, to move to the Astrodome until they could return home. The evacuation began on September 1, 2005. All scheduled events for the final four months of 2005 at the Astrodome were cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overflow refugees were held in the surrounding Reliant Park complex. There was a full field hospital inside the <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Arena">Reliant Arena</a>, which cared for the entire Katrina evacuee community. </p><p>The entire Reliant Park complex was scheduled to be emptied of hurricane evacuees by September 17, 2005. Originally, the Astrodome was planned to be used to house evacuees until December. However, the surrounding parking lots were needed for the first Houston Texans home game. Arrangements were made to help Katrina evacuees find apartments both in Houston and elsewhere in the United States. By September 16, 2005, the last of the hurricane evacuees living in the Astrodome had been moved out either to the neighboring Reliant Arena or to permanent housing north of Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of September 20, 2005, the remaining Katrina evacuees were relocated to <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Hurricane Rita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closure">Closure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, the facility was cited for numerous code violations. Since then, only maintenance workers and security guards have been allowed to enter the stadium while it is brought up to code.<sup id="cite_ref-code_violations_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-code_violations-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city council rejected demolition plans on environmental grounds, over concerns that demolition of the Dome might damage the dense development that today closely surrounds it.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refurbishment_plans">Refurbishment plans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Refurbishment plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous renovation/refurbishment plans for the dome have been presented over the years. Houston's plan to host the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> included renovating the Astrodome for use as an Olympic Stadium hosting the ceremonies, athletics and soccer finals.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Houston became one of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Committee" title="United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee">USOC</a>'s bid finalists, but the organization chose <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> as its candidate city, and the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Summer Olympic Games">2012 Summer Olympic Games</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, Great Britain by the <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Astrodome,_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg/190px-The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg/285px-The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg/380px-The_Astrodome%2C_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6557" data-file-height="5032" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the Astrodome in 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>Plans to convert the Astrodome into a luxury hotel were rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A proposal to convert the Astrodome into a movie production studio was also considered but rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of the type of renovation, all renovation plans must deal with the problem of occupancy code violations that have basically shuttered the Astrodome for the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2013, a comprehensive plan was unveiled that would have seen the aging structure undergo an almost $200 million renovation into a multi-purpose event/convention facility. The measure would have to have been approved first through a bond election in Harris County for the publicly funded project to go forward or else, officials warned, the iconic structure would be demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voters ended up rejecting the measure on November 5, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_referendum_and_aftermath">2013 referendum and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2013 referendum and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 5, 2013, voters in Houston turned down a $213 million referendum to renovate and convert the Astrodome into a state-of-the-art convention center and exhibition space known as "New Dome Experience".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until a final disposition is made, <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a> commissioners will not approve demolition of the dome. "The building's still there. There's no formal plan or authorization to demolish the building, and until somebody brings such a plan to fruition, there's a chance," according to Willie Loston, executive director of the Harris County Sports and Convention Corporation. "The proposal was rejected by the voters. We're back to where we were. Square one," according to Steve Radack, Harris County commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three exterior pedestrian ramp towers were demolished on December 8, 2013. Around that time, the ramp bridges were disconnected from the main structure and the surrounding grass berms were lowered. The ticket booths were also removed along with the interior seats. The demolition was planned prior to the referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrodome_Indoor_City_Park">Astrodome Indoor City Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Astrodome Indoor City Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the failed bond election of 2013, the county went back to the drawing board and in August 2014 the County Commissioners Court announced a new plan to save and rejuvenate the Astrodome. The new concept centered around leaving the Dome's roof intact and converting the Astrodome's vast central space into a covered semi-climate-controlled city park that could have flexible uses for both public recreation and gatherings such as festivals and concerts. The remainder of the complex would have been redeveloped over time using a combination of public and private funds and include elements such as an educational exploration area to encourage students to learn about the sciences and engineering and possibly meeting, exhibition, and restaurant areas that would not only serve the general public, but could also add value to the Houston Texans' Game Day Experiences and be used by the Rodeo. A key element of this proposal centered around the ability for the county to proceed with the initial phases of the project using existing funds without having to seek voter approval for an expensive bond referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this plan failed as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrodome_Revitalization_Project">Astrodome Revitalization Project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Astrodome Revitalization Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the failed plans of past years, the Astrodome Revitalization Project was proposed in September 2016. This plan would turn the dome into a massive underground parking garage. Specifically, the first step would raise the dome floor and use the space underneath that as parking, leaving the floor above for other uses. On September 27, 2016, the Harris County Commissioners approved the first part of the plan. This marked a major turning point for the dome, as some feared if the plan wasn't approved the building would be demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 27, 2017, the Texas Historical Commission voted unanimously to designate the dome a State Antiquities Landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-SAL_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAL-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the designation, the Astrodome may no longer be removed, altered, damaged, salvaged, or excavated without a permit from the commission.<sup id="cite_ref-THC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Harris County Commissioners voted to approve a $105 million renovation plan on February 13, 2018. This plan keeps the parking garage from the Revitalization Project. Construction was set to start in October 2018 and would be completed sometime in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction start date was later moved to early 2019 and was expected to finish in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as of September 2019, the plan was put on hold with no word when construction might take place.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced in November 2019 that the Revitalization Project has been scrapped by Commissioners Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Lina_Hidalgo" title="Lina Hidalgo">Lina Hidalgo</a>. Hidalgo explained that "The plan that had been designed wouldn't have yielded truly a usable building". As of November, there have been no new plans for the Astrodome.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_events">Notable events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">'<a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Century_(college_basketball)" title="Game of the Century (college basketball)">Game of the Century</a>'</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins,_Game_of_the_Century,_1968.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png/190px-Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png/285px-Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png/380px-Houston_Cougars_vs_UCLA_Bruins%2C_Game_of_the_Century%2C_1968.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars_men%27s_basketball" title="Houston Cougars men's basketball">Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men%27s_basketball" title="UCLA Bruins men's basketball">UCLA</a> play against each other in the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Century_(college_basketball)" title="Game of the Century (college basketball)">Game of the Century</a> at the Astrodome</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png/190px-Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png/285px-Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png/380px-Elvin_Hayes_during_celebration_after_Houston%27s_win_over_UCLA_in_1968_Game_of_the_Century.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The aftermath of Houston's 71–69 victory over UCLA</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baseball">Baseball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first home run in the Astrodome was hit by <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mickey Mantle</a> off of pitcher <a href="/wiki/Turk_Farrell" title="Turk Farrell">Turk Farrell</a> on April 9, 1965, in an exhibition game between the <a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">Astros</a> and <a href="/wiki/1965_New_York_Yankees_season" title="1965 New York Yankees season">Yankees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first official home run was hit by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Allen" title="Dick Allen">Dick Allen</a> of the Philadelphia Phillies in a game on April 12 of that year—a 2–0 Astros loss.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Nelson" title="Lindsey Nelson">Lindsey Nelson</a>, an announcer for the visiting <a href="/wiki/1965_New_York_Mets_season" title="1965 New York Mets season">New York Mets</a>, broadcast a game on April 28, 1965, while perched in a gondola suspended from the roof above second base.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At the beginning of the 1980 playoff series between the Astros and the Phillies, KILT AM radio announced that the Astros' number one fan "Astroman" would live on top of the Domed stadium and would not come down until the Astros won the World Series. Over the next 10 days Astroman, played by KILT salesman Denver Griffith, lived on top of the Astrodome in a six-man tent. On top of the Astrodome was also a telephone hot line back to KILT radio where Griffith as Astroman would give interviews throughout the day. Astroman was completely cut off and could only get food and drink by lowering a rope with a basket the 18 stories from the top of the Astrodome to the center of the playing field. At one point Griffith got so desperate for food and drink that his mother had to intervene and interrupt an Oilers practice so that the needed supplies could be delivered. Every night a local TV station would sign off with a shot of Astroman on top of the Astrodome waving to a circling news chopper. Although the Astros never played in a World Series while at the Dome, they have participated in five Fall Classics at <a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/2005_World_Series" title="2005 World Series">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Series" title="2017 World Series">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_World_Series" title="2019 World Series">2019</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_World_Series" title="2021 World Series">2021</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2022_World_Series" title="2022 World Series">2022</a>). By the time the Astros finally won the Series in 2017, they had switched to the American League.</li> <li>On October 15, 1986, the Astros and the visiting <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> played Game 6 of the <a href="/wiki/1986_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1986 National League Championship Series">1986 NLCS</a>. The 16-inning contest was at the time the longest game in MLB post season history. The <a href="/wiki/1986_New_York_Mets_season" title="1986 New York Mets season">Mets</a> would take a 7–4 lead into the bottom of the 16th inning and hold on for a 7–6 victory over the <a href="/wiki/1986_Houston_Astros_season" title="1986 Houston Astros season">Astros</a>. Coincidentally, the record was broken in Houston 19 years later at <a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2005_National_League_Division_Series" title="2005 National League Division Series">2005 NLDS</a> when the <a href="/wiki/2005_Houston_Astros_season" title="2005 Houston Astros season">Astros</a> won an 18-inning game against the <a href="/wiki/2005_Atlanta_Braves_season" title="2005 Atlanta Braves season">Atlanta Braves</a>.</li> <li>On October 3, 1999, the <a href="/wiki/1999_Houston_Astros_season" title="1999 Houston Astros season">Astros</a> played their final regular season game at the Astrodome, clinching the NL Central Division title with a 9–4 win over the <a href="/wiki/1999_Los_Angeles_Dodgers_season" title="1999 Los Angeles Dodgers season">Dodgers</a>. The final Astros game in the stadium occurred 6 days later when the <a href="/wiki/1999_Atlanta_Braves_season" title="1999 Atlanta Braves season">Braves</a> eliminated the Astros in Game 4 of the Division Series.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The '<a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Century_(college_basketball)" title="Game of the Century (college basketball)">Game of the Century</a>' between the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> <a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Houston_Cougars_men%27s_basketball_team" title="1967–68 Houston Cougars men's basketball team">Cougars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> <a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_UCLA_Bruins_men%27s_basketball_team" title="1967–68 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team">Bruins</a> took place at the Astrodome on January 20, 1968, before a crowd of 52,963—the record for the largest attendance ever at a basketball game until 2003. The first <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> regular-season game broadcast nationwide in prime time, the Game of the Century established college basketball as a sports commodity on television, and paved the way for the modern "March Madness" television coverage. The Cougars, coached by <a href="/wiki/Guy_V._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy V. Lewis">Guy V. Lewis</a>, defeated coach <a href="/wiki/John_Wooden" title="John Wooden">John Wooden</a>'s Bruins, led by <a href="/wiki/Lew_Alcindor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lew Alcindor">Lew Alcindor</a>, 71–69 behind a 39-point scoring effort from <a href="/wiki/Elvin_Hayes" title="Elvin Hayes">Elvin Hayes</a>.</li> <li>The Astrodome hosted the <a href="/wiki/1989_NBA_All-Star_Game" title="1989 NBA All-Star Game">1989 NBA All-Star Game</a>. Attendance was 44,735 and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Malone" title="Karl Malone">Karl Malone</a> won <a href="/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game_Kobe_Bryant_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA All-Star Game Kobe Bryant Most Valuable Player Award">MVP</a> honors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tennis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sexes_(tennis)" title="Battle of the Sexes (tennis)">Battle of the Sexes</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> match occurred on September 20, 1973, aired on <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> with <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> defeating <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Riggs" title="Bobby Riggs">Bobby Riggs</a> in three straight sets. While more of a publicity stunt than a serious match, it made national headlines and stands as a milestone in the progress of women's sports. Scenes were filmed in the Astrodome for the 2017 film <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sexes_(2017_film)" title="Battle of the Sexes (2017 film)">Battle of the Sexes</a></i> which starred <a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a>, who played King and Riggs, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boxing_&_WWE"><span id="Boxing_.26_WWE"></span>Boxing & WWE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Boxing & WWE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WMX-Seven1_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/WMX-Seven1_b.jpg/220px-WMX-Seven1_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/WMX-Seven1_b.jpg/330px-WMX-Seven1_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/WMX-Seven1_b.jpg/440px-WMX-Seven1_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_X-Seven" title="WrestleMania X-Seven">WrestleMania X-Seven</a> set an attendance record for the Astrodome</figcaption></figure>Three-time World Heavyweight Boxing Champion <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a> fought <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Williams" title="Cleveland Williams">Cleveland Williams</a> in the Astrodome in November 1966.</li> <li>On April 1, 2001, <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a> (then known as the WWF) hosted <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_X-Seven" title="WrestleMania X-Seven">WrestleMania X-Seven</a>, which set an all-time record attendance for the Astrodome of 67,925. The main event of the card saw Texas native <a href="/wiki/Steve_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Austin">"Stone Cold" Steve Austin</a> challenge and defeat <a href="/wiki/WWE_Championship" title="WWE Championship">WWF Champion</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">The Rock</a> in a No Disqualification Match for the WWF Championship. The card also featured the first of Houston native <a href="/wiki/The_Undertaker" title="The Undertaker">The Undertaker</a>'s three <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania" title="WrestleMania">WrestleMania</a> victories over <a href="/wiki/Triple_H" title="Triple H">Triple H</a>, and the second <a href="/wiki/Tables,_ladders,_and_chairs_match" title="Tables, ladders, and chairs match">TLC match</a> for the WWF Tag Team Championship with <a href="/wiki/Edge_%26_Christian" title="Edge & Christian">Edge & Christian</a> defeating WWF Tag Team Champions <a href="/wiki/The_Dudley_Boyz" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dudley Boyz">The Dudley Boyz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Hardy_Boyz" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hardy Boyz">The Hardy Boyz</a>. The event was met with universal acclaim, often rated the greatest WrestleMania of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concerts">Concerts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Concerts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> gave six performances there between February and March 1970, setting an attendance record with 200,000 over the six shows. He performed there again on March 3, 1974, setting a single day attendance record.</li> <li>The first annual Astrodome Jazz Festival presented by <a href="/wiki/George_Wein" title="George Wein">George Wein</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a> took place on July 7–8, 1972. Performers included <a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley" title="Cannonball Adderley">Cannonball Adderley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Rawls" title="Lou Rawls">Lou Rawls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Mann" title="Herbie Mann">Herbie Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a> with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Smith_(musician)" title="Jimmy Smith (musician)">Jimmy Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Giants_of_Jazz" title="The Giants of Jazz">The Giants of Jazz</a>" supergroup featuring <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Winding" title="Kai Winding">Kai Winding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al_McKibbon" title="Al McKibbon">Al McKibbon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> played October 28 & 29, 1981 on their <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1981" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981">American Tour 1981</a>. They again played November 8, 1989, on the <a href="/wiki/Steel_Wheels/Urban_Jungle_Tour" title="Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour">Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jacksons" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jacksons">The Jacksons</a> performed there during their <a href="/wiki/Victory_Tour_(The_Jacksons_tour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour)">Victory Tour</a> on two nights in November 1984. With <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> as the lead performer, the group performed on November 9, 1984, and November 10, 1984, with attendance of 80,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a> played a concert on July 24, 1987, as part of her <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour" title="Who's That Girl World Tour">Who's That Girl World Tour</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> played a concert on November 18, 1987, as part of their <a href="/wiki/A_Momentary_Lapse_of_Reason_Tour" title="A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour">A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour</a>.</li> <li>September 4, 1992; Co-headlining tour of <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a> with special guest <a href="/wiki/Faith_No_More" title="Faith No More">Faith No More</a>. News footage of this concert can be found on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> filmed an episode of <i>Live n' Loud</i> during the show.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> played a concert at the Astrodome, as part of the <a href="/wiki/We_Can%27t_Dance_Tour" title="We Can't Dance Tour">We Can't Dance Tour</a> on May 9, 1992.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live!_The_Last_Concert" class="mw-redirect" title="Live! The Last Concert">Live! The Last Concert</a></i> is a live album by Mexican-American singer <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a>. It was recorded on February 26, 1995, at the Houston Astrodome and was televised live on <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>. Over 60,000 people attended.</li> <li>U2 played at the Houston Astrodome during their <a href="/wiki/PopMart_Tour" title="PopMart Tour">Popmart Tour</a> in 1997.</li> <li>On August 6, 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Up_in_Smoke_Tour" title="Up in Smoke Tour">Up in Smoke Tour</a> came to the Astrodome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorsports">Motorsports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Motorsports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Astrodome held several motorsports events throughout its lifetime. The <a href="/wiki/AMA_Grand_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AMA Grand National Championship">AMA Grand National Championship</a> held events starting in 1968 and running for 18 years, utilizing the Short Track and TT Steeplechase track configurations in their visits. The <a href="/wiki/AMA_Supercross_Championship" title="AMA Supercross Championship">AMA Supercross Championship</a> held its first ever indoor Supercross at the Astrodome in 1974, won by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Pomeroy_(motocross)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Pomeroy (motocross)">Jim Pomeroy</a>. In the mid-1980s the <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Thompson_Entertainment_Group" title="Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group">Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group</a> held several Stadium Off-Road Racing Series events, showcasing such drivers as <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Stewart" title="Ivan Stewart">Ivan Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robby_Gordon" title="Robby Gordon">Robby Gordon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walker_Evans_(racing_driver)" title="Walker Evans (racing driver)">Walker Evans (racing driver)</a>. Beginning in the early 1980s, both <a href="/wiki/TNT_Motorsports" title="TNT Motorsports">TNT Motorsports</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hot_Rod_Association" title="United States Hot Rod Association">United States Hot Rod Association</a> held events showcasing mud bogging, truck and tractor pulling, and monster trucks in the Astrodome. After a buy-out of TNT Motorsports, the USHRA continued holding events that would later transform into the current <a href="/wiki/Monster_Jam" title="Monster Jam">Monster Jam</a> events. </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Auto_Club" title="United States Auto Club">USAC</a> held the Astro Grand Prix as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Auto_Club#USAC_National_Midget_Championship" title="United States Auto Club">National Midget Championship</a> in the Astrodome on a temporary <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-mile dirt oval—which was called the Eighth Wonder International Motor Speedway. <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bettenhausen" title="Gary Bettenhausen">Gary Bettenhausen</a> and Lee Kunzman won the feature races in 1969, while Tom Bigelow won the overall event championship.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event returned for 1970, hometown favorite <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> won the feature race.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bettenhausen won the final edition in 1972. </p><p>With the opening of <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> in late 2002, the events held in early 2002 by AMA Supercross and Monster Jam would be their last in the Astrodome before moving next door for 2003, where they continue to hold events every year. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTRK-TV" title="KTRK-TV">KTRK-TV</a> Channel 13 Eyewitness News anchorman <a href="/wiki/Dave_Ward_(reporter)" title="Dave Ward (reporter)">Dave Ward</a> was injured during a motocross exhibition race (which also included Channel 13 sports anchor Bob Allen, as well as other local media figures) in the Astrodome in the early 1970s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evel_Knievel" title="Evel Knievel">Evel Knievel</a> jumped 13 cars two nights in a row, drawing over 100,000 spectators to the Astrodome in January 1971, and though there was talk of him making an actual jump over the stadium itself sometime in the future, it never happened.</li> <li>The Astro Spiral car jump was performed January 12, 1972, by Chick Galiano of J.M. Productions' Hell Drivers. This stunt was later performed in the 1974 <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Gun_(film)" title="The Man with the Golden Gun (film)">The Man with the Golden Gun</a></i>.</li></ul> <p><b><big>Domecoming</big></b> </p><p>On April 9, 2018, the Astrodome was used as a museum for the event known as "Domecoming".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a>'s 1970 comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/Brewster_McCloud" title="Brewster McCloud">Brewster McCloud</a></i> is set at the Astrodome: the eponymous hero is an eccentric young man who lives at the stadium.</li> <li>In the "<a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill_(season_7)" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Hill (season 7)">Get Your Freak Off</a>" episode of <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill" title="King of the Hill">King of the Hill</a></i>, parts of the episode showed the Astrodome and took place there.</li> <li>The 1972 special <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road Company (page does not exist)">Road Company</a></i> was videotaped here, which starred <a href="/wiki/Dom_DeLuise" title="Dom DeLuise">Dom DeLuise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hynes" title="Bob Hynes">Bob Hynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_MacRae" title="Sheila MacRae">Sheila MacRae</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>.</li> <li>The Astrodome was the setting for the filming of an exhibition game with the fictional Houston Toros in the 1977 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_News_Bears_in_Breaking_Training" title="The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training">The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training</a></i>.</li> <li>The made-for-TV movie <i><a href="/wiki/Murder_at_the_World_Series" title="Murder at the World Series">Murder at the World Series</a></i> was filmed here, about a fictional <a href="/wiki/1977_World_Series" title="1977 World Series">1977 World Series</a> between the Astros and <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> (the real 1977 World Series featured the Yankees and Dodgers).</li> <li>In the science-fiction movie <i><a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a></i>, the 1984 sequel to <i><a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></i>, Dr. Heywood Floyd (<a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a>) and the spaceship <i>Discovery'</i>s designer Walter Curnow (<a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow" title="John Lithgow">John Lithgow</a>) discuss their favorite sports stadium hot dogs; Curnow says he likes the hot dogs at the Astrodome, while Floyd prefers those at Yankee Stadium.</li> <li>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> filmed the music video for "<a href="/wiki/Stuck_in_a_Moment_You_Can%27t_Get_Out_Of" title="Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of">Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of</a>" inside the Astrodome.</li> <li>In the 2004 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Lights_(film)" title="Friday Night Lights (film)">Friday Night Lights</a></i>, the Astrodome hosted the 1988 5A Football State Championship between the <a href="/wiki/Permian_High_School" title="Permian High School">Permian Panthers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/David_W._Carter_High_School" title="David W. Carter High School">Carter High Cowboys</a>. (The actual 1988 game was a state semifinal and was played elsewhere.)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Astrodome is a playable field on <a href="/wiki/MVP_Baseball_2005" title="MVP Baseball 2005">MVP Baseball 2005</a> as it was in 1999.</li> <li>A fictional meeting in the Astrodome between the narrator, Pocahontas and Indian rights activist actor Marlon Brando is mentioned in the song "<a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_(song)" title="Pocahontas (song)">Pocahontas</a>." It was written by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> and was first released on his 1979 album <i><a href="/wiki/Rust_Never_Sleeps" title="Rust Never Sleeps">Rust Never Sleeps</a></i>.</li> <li>In the animated film <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10_1%E2%81%842:_A_Space_Age_Childhood" title="Apollo 10 1⁄2: A Space Age Childhood">Apollo 10 1⁄2: A Space Age Childhood</a>, the Astrodome and its construction was featured when describing Houston in the 1960s.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognitions">Awards and recognitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Awards and recognitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On June 19, 2013, the Astrodome was named to the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation" title="National Trust for Historic Preservation">National Trust for Historic Preservation</a>'s annual list of <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Most_Endangered_Historic_Places" class="mw-redirect" title="America's Most Endangered Historic Places">America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places</a> as well as to its<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Astrodome was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The dome celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 9, 2015. A time capsule buried under the site at the time of construction was located. However, it was not extricated to celebrate the occasion, based on concerns about the cost and potential to compromise the structure of a retaining wall. This was also one of the very few times that the Astrodome has been open for the public since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Historical_Commission" title="Texas Historical Commission">Texas Historical Commission</a> designated the dome as a <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Antiquities_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas State Antiquities Landmark">State Antiquities Landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-THC_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On May 29, 2018, the dome received a Texas State Historical Marker from the Texas Historical Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoreboard">Scoreboard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Scoreboard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg/260px-Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg/390px-Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg/520px-Astrodome_scoreboard_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1327" /></a><figcaption>Astrolite, the Astrodome's scoreboard, in <a href="/wiki/1969_Houston_Astros_season" title="1969 Houston Astros season">1969</a>; it was the world's first animated scoreboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Astrodome was renowned for its four-story "Astrolite" scoreboard, composed of thousands of light bulbs that featured animation. After every Astros home run, the scoreboard played a minute-long animated celebration of pistols, bulls, and fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-dsthevr_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsthevr-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scoreboard remained intact until 1988, when <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Oilers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Houston Oilers">Houston Oilers</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a>) owner <a href="/wiki/Bud_Adams" title="Bud Adams">Bud Adams</a> suggested its removal to accommodate increased capacity for football, baseball and the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a> spent $67 million of public funds on renovations.<sup id="cite_ref-Loser_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loser-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 15,000 new seats resembling the 1970s rainbow uniform pattern were installed to bring <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> to almost 60,000 for football. On September 6, <a href="/wiki/1988_Houston_Astros_season" title="1988 Houston Astros season">1988</a>, a final celebration commemorating the scoreboard occurred prior to expansion renovations commencing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_surface">Playing surface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Playing surface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The playing surface was originally Tifway 419 <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda grass">Bermuda grass</a>, bred for indoor use. The dome ceiling contained thousands of semi-transparent <a href="/wiki/Lucite" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucite">Lucite</a> panes.<sup id="cite_ref-agfwpt_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agfwpt-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players soon complained that glare from the panes made it hard for them to track fly balls; to solve the problem, two sections of panes were painted white in April.<sup id="cite_ref-agfwpt_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agfwpt-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ndsant_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndsant-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, within a few months the grass died from lack of sunlight.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathedrals_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathedrals-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the <a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">1965</a> season, the Astros played on green-painted dirt and dead grass. Even before then, the grass tended to hold, then release moisture. The resulting condensation often forced games to be delayed while the grounds crews cleaned up the playing surface. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astros_clinch_playoff_berth!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg/220px-Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg/330px-Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg/440px-Astros_clinch_playoff_berth%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>The playing surface in 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>The solution was to install a new type of artificial grass on the field, <a href="/wiki/ChemGrass" class="mw-redirect" title="ChemGrass">ChemGrass</a>, which became known as <a href="/wiki/AstroTurf" title="AstroTurf">AstroTurf</a>, named after the stadium. Because the supply of AstroTurf was limited, only a small amount was available at the start of the <a href="/wiki/1966_Houston_Astros_season" title="1966 Houston Astros season">1966</a> season. There was not enough for the entire outfield, so the first phase covered only the traditional grass portion of the infield and foul territory,<sup id="cite_ref-asplfhf_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asplfhf-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a cost of $2 per square foot. It was installed in time to test out during exhibition games against the Dodgers in March.<sup id="cite_ref-algbt_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-algbt-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whnwas_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whnwas-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zgbhiad_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zgbhiad-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mjsxsx_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mjsxsx-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brcbtva_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brcbtva-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outfield remained painted dirt until after the <a href="/wiki/1966_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1966 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a>. The Astros completed a seven-game home stand on Wednesday, July 6, then went on a road trip on both sides of the All-Star break. The installation of the outfield portion of AstroTurf was completed for the three-game series with the Phillies starting on Tuesday, July 19, finally covering the entire field.<sup id="cite_ref-paptoag_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paptoag-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pfftunf_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pfftunf-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asclph_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asclph-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groundskeepers dressed as astronauts kept the turf clean with vacuum cleaners between innings. The infield design had the same large dirt arc and running paths as a traditional natural grass field. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1973_Houston_Astros_season" title="1973 Houston Astros season">1973</a>, the Astros installed an all-AstroTurf infield, except for dirt patches around the bases. This "sliding pit" configuration was introduced by <a href="/wiki/1970_Cincinnati_Reds_season" title="1970 Cincinnati Reds season">Cincinnati</a> with the opening of <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Stadium_(Cincinnati)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati)">Riverfront Stadium</a> on June 30, 1970. It was then installed in the new stadiums in <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Stadium" title="Veterans Stadium">Philadelphia</a> in <a href="/wiki/1971_Philadelphia_Phillies_season" title="1971 Philadelphia Phillies season">1971</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kauffman_Stadium" title="Kauffman Stadium">Kansas City</a> in <a href="/wiki/1973_Kansas_City_Royals_season" title="1973 Kansas City Royals season">1973</a>. The artificial turf fields of <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Stadium" title="Three Rivers Stadium">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">St. Louis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">San Francisco</a>, all installed in 1970, were traditionally configured like the Astrodome and later changed to sliding pits. San Francisco converted in <a href="/wiki/1971_San_Francisco_Giants_season" title="1971 San Francisco Giants season">1971</a>, Pittsburgh in <a href="/wiki/1973_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1973 Pittsburgh Pirates season">1973</a>, and St. Louis in <a href="/wiki/1978_St._Louis_Cardinals_season" title="1978 St. Louis Cardinals season">1978</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Centre" title="Rogers Centre">Rogers Centre</a> in Toronto was the last park in the majors to have sliding pits; it opened in <a href="/wiki/1989_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season" title="1989 Toronto Blue Jays season">1989</a> and switched to a traditional dirt skin infield in <a href="/wiki/2016_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season" title="2016 Toronto Blue Jays season">2016</a>. </p><p>Throughout its history, the Astrodome was known as a <a href="/wiki/Pitcher%27s_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitcher's park">pitcher's park</a>. The power alleys were never shorter than 370 feet (113 m) from the plate; on at least two occasions they were as far as 390 feet (119 m). Over time, it gave up fewer home runs than any other park in the National League.<sup id="cite_ref-Storied_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storied-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Astrodome's reputation as a pitcher's park continued even in the mid-1980s, when the fences were moved in closer than the <a href="/wiki/Metrodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrodome">Metrodome</a>, which had been long reckoned as a hitter's park. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seating_capacity">Seating capacity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Seating capacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Baseball </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #002D62 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Years </th> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #002D62 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Capacity </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1965 </th> <td style="text-align:center">42,217 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1966–1967 </th> <td style="text-align:center">46,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1968–1974 </th> <td style="text-align:center">44,500 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1975–1981 </th> <td style="text-align:center">45,101 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1982–1989 </th> <td style="text-align:center">47,690 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1990–1991 </th> <td style="text-align:center">54,816 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1992–1994 </th> <td style="text-align:center">53,821 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; ;">1995–1999 </th> <td style="text-align:center">54,370 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Football </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Years </th> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">Capacity </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1965–1978 </th> <td style="text-align:center">50,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1979–1981 </th> <td style="text-align:center">50,153 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1982–1983 </th> <td style="text-align:center">50,452 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1984–1986 </th> <td>50,495<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1987–1988 </th> <td>50,594<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1989 </th> <td style="text-align:center">60,502 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1990–1991 </th> <td style="text-align:center">62,439 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1992–1994 </th> <td>62,021<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color: #C60C30 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;">1995–2001 </th> <td>59,969<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break">  </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/28px-Baseball.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/42px-Baseball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/56px-Baseball.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Baseball" title="Portal:Baseball">Baseball portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/American_football.svg/28px-American_football.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/American_football.svg/42px-American_football.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/American_football.svg/56px-American_football.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_football" title="Portal:American football">American football portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tennis_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of tennis stadiums by capacity">List of tennis stadiums by capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Harris_County,_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas">National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Dome" title="Delta Dome">Delta Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_domes" title="List of tallest domes">List of tallest domes</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballparks.com/baseball/index.htm">"Ballparks by Munsey and Suppes"</a>. Ballparks.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballparks+by+Munsey+and+Suppes&rft.pub=Ballparks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballparks.com%2Fbaseball%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRHP_listing-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRHP_listing_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRHP_listing_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20140131.htm">"National Register of Historic Places listings for January 31, 2014"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+listings+for+January+31%2C+2014&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2014-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Flistings%2F20140131.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation2017" class="citation web cs1">Association, Texas State Historical (February 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/astrodome">"Astrodome"</a>. <i>Texas State Historical Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Astrodome&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Association&rft.aufirst=Texas+State+Historical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fastrodome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acihoustonchapter.org/meetinginfo.php?id=176">"General Meeting: Astrodome: Engineering and Construction History"</a>. <i>ACI - Houston</i>. February 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACI+-+Houston&rft.atitle=General+Meeting%3A+Astrodome%3A+Engineering+and+Construction+History&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facihoustonchapter.org%2Fmeetinginfo.php%3Fid%3D176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrgpark.com/nrg-astrodome">"NRG Astrodome - NRG Park"</a>. December 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NRG+Astrodome+-+NRG+Park&rft.date=2016-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnrgpark.com%2Fnrg-astrodome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarks2001" class="citation web cs1">Barks, Joseph V. (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3726/is_200111/ai_n9011574">"Powering the (new and improved) 'Eighth Wonder of the World'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Electrical Apparatus</i>. findarticles.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electrical+Apparatus&rft.atitle=Powering+the+%28new+and+improved%29+%27Eighth+Wonder+of+the+World%27&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Barks&rft.aufirst=Joseph+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_qa3726%2Fis_200111%2Fai_n9011574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storied-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storied_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storied_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Curt_Smith_(author)" title="Curt Smith (author)">Smith, Curt</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storiedstadiumsb00curt"><i>Storied Stadiums</i></a></span>. New York City: Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-1187-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-1187-6"><bdi>0-7867-1187-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storied+Stadiums&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7867-1187-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriedstadiumsb00curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8th-Wonder-1975-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8th-Wonder-1975_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinert,_Al1975" class="citation magazine cs1">Reinert, Al (April 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qywEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA82">"Greetings from the Eighth Wonder Of The World"</a>. <i>Texas Monthly</i>. Vol. 3, no. 4. Austin, Texas: Mediatex Communications Corporation. pp. 82–90, 98. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0148-7736">0148-7736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=Greetings+from+the+Eighth+Wonder+Of+The+World&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=82-90%2C+98&rft.date=1975-04&rft.issn=0148-7736&rft.au=Reinert%2C+Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqywEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermanGosainMoore" class="citation book cs1">Zimmerman, Kenneth E.; Gosain, Narenda; Moore, Walter P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arch.ttu.edu/courses/2008/fall/5604/Project%20Info/Astrodome_Paper_Final.pdf"><i>Astrodome, An Engineering Marvel of the 1960s</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Texas Tech College of Architecture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrodome%2C+An+Engineering+Marvel+of+the+1960s&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+College+of+Architecture&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+E.&rft.au=Gosain%2C+Narenda&rft.au=Moore%2C+Walter+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arch.ttu.edu%2Fcourses%2F2008%2Ffall%2F5604%2FProject%2520Info%2FAstrodome_Paper_Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-statistics.com/Ballparks/Hou/Astrodome.htm">"Houston Astros – Stadium"</a>. Baseball-statistics.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Houston+Astros+%E2%80%93+Stadium&rft.pub=Baseball-statistics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-statistics.com%2FBallparks%2FHou%2FAstrodome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaman,_I.A.2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Naman, I.A. (June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414191413/https://www.ianaman.com/IsraelNamanASHRAEarticlev2.pdf">"Domed Stadium Air-Conditioning Design"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ASHRAE Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ianaman.com/IsraelNamanASHRAEarticlev2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASHRAE+Journal&rft.atitle=Domed+Stadium+Air-Conditioning+Design&rft.date=2009-06&rft.au=Naman%2C+I.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianaman.com%2FIsraelNamanASHRAEarticlev2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astrolite-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Astrolite_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Astrolite_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraczyk,_Michael_L.1988" class="citation news cs1">Graczyk, Michael L. (September 4, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-04-sp-2073-story.html">"Astrodome Scoreboard Headed for Scrap Heap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Astrodome+Scoreboard+Headed+for+Scrap+Heap&rft.date=1988-09-04&rft.au=Graczyk%2C+Michael+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-09-04-sp-2073-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Prominent-Houstonians-ideas-on-what-to-do-with-1683126.php">"Prominent Houstonians' ideas on what to do with Dome"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. April 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Prominent+Houstonians%27+ideas+on+what+to+do+with+Dome&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FProminent-Houstonians-ideas-on-what-to-do-with-1683126.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Dome is Hurlers' Heaven". <i><a href="/wiki/The_San_Bernardino_Sun" title="The San Bernardino Sun">The San Bernardino Sun</a></i>. April 11, 1965. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Bernardino+Sun&rft.atitle=Dome+is+Hurlers%27+Heaven&rft.pages=69&rft.date=1965-04-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagliabue,_Emil1965" class="citation news cs1">Tagliabue, Emil (February 11, 1965). "No Real Difference: Baseball Won't Change Indoors". <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Caller-Times" title="Corpus Christi Caller-Times">Corpus Christi Caller-Times</a></i>. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corpus+Christi+Caller-Times&rft.atitle=No+Real+Difference%3A+Baseball+Won%27t+Change+Indoors&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1965-02-11&rft.au=Tagliabue%2C+Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConniff1988" class="citation web cs1">Conniff, Richard (March 14, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/vault/issue/702653/93">"Farewell To An Odd Dome Home Judge Hofheinz's private Astrodome quarters will soon be just a gaudy memory"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Farewell+To+An+Odd+Dome+Home+Judge+Hofheinz%27s+private+Astrodome+quarters+will+soon+be+just+a+gaudy+memory&rft.date=1988-03-14&rft.aulast=Conniff&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fvault%2Fissue%2F702653%2F93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1988" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, J. Michael (March 18, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-18-mn-1682-story.html">"7 Floors Decorated in 'Early Farouk': Hofheinz's Gaudy Suite in Astrodome Being Razed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=7+Floors+Decorated+in+%27Early+Farouk%27%3A+Hofheinz%27s+Gaudy+Suite+in+Astrodome+Being+Razed&rft.date=1988-03-18&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-03-18-mn-1682-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdded-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fdded_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MDtWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QekDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6696%2C1853597">"Houston, Atlanta fields dedicated"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. (Oregon). Associated Press. April 10, 1965. p. 2B.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Houston%2C+Atlanta+fields+dedicated&rft.pages=2B&rft.date=1965-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DMDtWAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DQekDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6696%252C1853597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ablstf-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ablstf_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ukcqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OE8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=7421%2C3578239">"Yanks hit by Astros' 'blastoff'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Pittsburgh Press</i>. UPI. April 10, 1965. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=Yanks+hit+by+Astros%27+%27blastoff%27&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1965-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DukcqAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DOE8EAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7421%252C3578239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OZY-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OZY_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OZY_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraswell,_Sean2015" class="citation web cs1">Braswell, Sean (April 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozy.com/flashback/when-texas-opened-the-eighth-wonder-of-the-world/40459">"Flashback: When Texas Opened the 8th Wonder of the World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OZY" class="mw-redirect" title="OZY">OZY</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OZY&rft.atitle=Flashback%3A+When+Texas+Opened+the+8th+Wonder+of+the+World&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.au=Braswell%2C+Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozy.com%2Fflashback%2Fwhen-texas-opened-the-eighth-wonder-of-the-world%2F40459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Bob Hulsey (April 9, 1965). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrosdaily.com/history/19650409/">"First Game In The Astrodome: The Indoor Era Begins"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Game+In+The+Astrodome%3A+The+Indoor+Era+Begins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosdaily.com%2Fhistory%2F19650409%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span><i>AstrosDaily</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Wilson (April 24, 1965). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrosdaily.com/history/19650409/#article">"Everyone in Orbit Over Astrodome – LBJ, Plus 188,762 Attend Liftoff of 'Eighth Wonder'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everyone+in+Orbit+Over+Astrodome+%E2%80%93+LBJ%2C+Plus+188%2C762+Attend+Liftoff+of+%27Eighth+Wonder%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosdaily.com%2Fhistory%2F19650409%2F%23article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sporting_News" title="The Sporting News">The Sporting News</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schechter2006-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schechter2006_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechter,_Scott2006" class="citation book cs1">Schechter, Scott (August 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GMtT0rOMyS4C"><i>Judy Garland: The Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Legend</i></a>. Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-3555-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-3555-0"><bdi>978-1-4616-3555-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland%3A+The+Day-by-Day+Chronicle+of+a+Legend&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publishing&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.isbn=978-1-4616-3555-0&rft.au=Schechter%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGMtT0rOMyS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/life/hoffman/6485163.html">"Hoffman: Astros made history with a rainout"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. June 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Hoffman%3A+Astros+made+history+with+a+rainout&rft.date=2009-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Flife%2Fhoffman%2F6485163.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-governing1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-governing1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-governing1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoleywell2011" class="citation web cs1">Holeywell, Ryan (November 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508053624/http://www.governing.com/topics/economic-dev/when-team-leaves-its-stadium-what-do-you-do.html">"When Teams Leave, What Do You Do With the Stadium?"</a>. Governing.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governing.com/topics/economic-dev/when-team-leaves-its-stadium-what-do-you-do.html">the original</a> on May 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Teams+Leave%2C+What+Do+You+Do+With+the+Stadium%3F&rft.pub=Governing.com&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft.aulast=Holeywell&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governing.com%2Ftopics%2Feconomic-dev%2Fwhen-team-leaves-its-stadium-what-do-you-do.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140114114649/http://www.tejanomusicvideos.com/play.php?vid=2249">"Mazz - Cuando Tu Te Vayas.wmv"</a>. Tejanomusicvideos.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tejanomusicvideos.com/play.php?vid=2249">the original</a> on January 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mazz+-+Cuando+Tu+Te+Vayas.wmv&rft.pub=Tejanomusicvideos.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tejanomusicvideos.com%2Fplay.php%3Fvid%3D2249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Stephen (February 11, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/for-the-last-time-live-from-the-astrodome-r626617">"For the Last Time: Live from the Astrodome – George Strait : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+the+Last+Time%3A+Live+from+the+Astrodome+%E2%80%93+George+Strait+%3A+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits%2C+Awards&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.date=2003-02-11&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Ffor-the-last-time-live-from-the-astrodome-r626617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/espn/news/story?id=2148638">"Superdome evacuation disrupted after shots fired"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. September 2, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Superdome+evacuation+disrupted+after+shots+fired&rft.date=2005-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fespn%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2148638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2005" class="citation news cs1">Frank, Thomas (September 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-08-31-astrodome_x.htm">"Astrodome to take refugees"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Astrodome+to+take+refugees&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2005-08-31-astrodome_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlburgGoldLa_Ganga2005" class="citation news cs1">Dahlburg, John-Thor; Gold, Scott; La Ganga, Maria L. (September 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175924/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/21/nation/na-rita21/3">"Hurricane Rita Rattles Coast"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/21/nation/na-rita21/3">the original</a> on September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Rita+Rattles+Coast&rft.date=2005-09-21&rft.aulast=Dahlburg&rft.aufirst=John-Thor&rft.au=Gold%2C+Scott&rft.au=La+Ganga%2C+Maria+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2005%2Fsep%2F21%2Fnation%2Fna-rita21%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-code_violations-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-code_violations_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080722053539/http://www.click2houston.com/news/16918767/detail.html">"Astrodome Hit With Code Violations"</a>. click2houston.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.click2houston.com/news/16918767/detail.html">the original</a> on July 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astrodome+Hit+With+Code+Violations&rft.pub=click2houston.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.click2houston.com%2Fnews%2F16918767%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093020/http://www.khou.com/news/Harris-County-officials-consider-the-future-of-the-Astrodome-145849295.html">"Harris County officials consider the future of the Astrodome | khou.com Houston"</a>. Khou.com. April 2, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khou.com/news/Harris-County-officials-consider-the-future-of-the-Astrodome-145849295.html">the original</a> on November 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harris+County+officials+consider+the+future+of+the+Astrodome+%26%23124%3B+khou.com+Houston&rft.pub=Khou.com&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khou.com%2Fnews%2FHarris-County-officials-consider-the-future-of-the-Astrodome-145849295.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118200329/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1683&dat=20020626&id=170aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lz8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4576,4598265">"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Google News Archive Search"</a>. November 18, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1683&dat=20020626&id=170aAAAAIBAJ&pg=4576,4598265">the original</a> on November 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1683%26dat%3D20020626%26id%3D170aAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4576%2C4598265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Financial-crunch-may-stall-effort-on-Astrodome-1647842.php">"Financial crunch may stall effort on Astrodome hotel"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. December 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Financial+crunch+may+stall+effort+on+Astrodome+hotel&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FFinancial-crunch-may-stall-effort-on-Astrodome-1647842.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrigley2008" class="citation web cs1">Wrigley, Deborah (April 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc13.com/archive/6111544/">"Proposal suggests turning Astrodome into movie studio | abc13.com"</a>. <i>Abclocal.go.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203040451/http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=6111544">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abclocal.go.com&rft.atitle=Proposal+suggests+turning+Astrodome+into+movie+studio+%26%23124%3B+abc13.com&rft.date=2008-04-29&rft.aulast=Wrigley&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc13.com%2Farchive%2F6111544%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiz_Austin_Peterson2009" class="citation web cs1">Liz Austin Peterson (February 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/realestate/6273706.html">"Broken-down Astrodome may have seen its last rodeo"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Broken-down+Astrodome+may+have+seen+its+last+rodeo&rft.date=2009-02-20&rft.au=Liz+Austin+Peterson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Fbusiness%2Frealestate%2F6273706.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215183014/http://www.khou.com/news/Fans-react-to-194-million-Astrodome-renovation-plan-212266641.html">"Fans React to,4 Million Astrodome Renovation Plan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khou.com/news/Fans-react-to-194-million-Astrodome-renovation-plan-212266641.html">the original</a> on December 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fans+React+to%2C4+Million+Astrodome+Renovation+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khou.com%2Fnews%2FFans-react-to-194-million-Astrodome-renovation-plan-212266641.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc13.com/archive/9313897/">"Voters strike down proposal to save Astrodome | abc13.com"</a>. <i>Abclocal.go.com</i>. November 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215181043/http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=9313897">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abclocal.go.com&rft.atitle=Voters+strike+down+proposal+to+save+Astrodome+%26%23124%3B+abc13.com&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc13.com%2Farchive%2F9313897%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2013" class="citation news cs1">Hernandez, Pat (August 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222165022/http://app1.kuhf.org/articles/1376411501-Astrodome-Referendum-Will-Be-On-The-November-Ballot.html">"Astrodome Referendum Will Be On The November Ballot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KUHF" title="KUHF">KUHF</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app1.kuhf.org/articles/1376411501-Astrodome-Referendum-Will-Be-On-The-November-Ballot.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KUHF&rft.atitle=Astrodome+Referendum+Will+Be+On+The+November+Ballot&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp1.kuhf.org%2Farticles%2F1376411501-Astrodome-Referendum-Will-Be-On-The-November-Ballot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlushnick-Masti2013" class="citation news cs1">Plushnick-Masti, Ramit (November 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030202106/http://www.csnhouston.com/texans/astrodome-may-see-1-last-inning-after-no-vote">"Astrodome may see 1 last inning after 'no' vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CSN_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="CSN Houston">CSN Houston</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csnhouston.com/texans/astrodome-may-see-1-last-inning-after-no-vote">the original</a> on October 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CSN+Houston&rft.atitle=Astrodome+may+see+1+last+inning+after+%27no%27+vote&rft.date=2013-11-10&rft.aulast=Plushnick-Masti&rft.aufirst=Ramit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csnhouston.com%2Ftexans%2Fastrodome-may-see-1-last-inning-after-no-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215175938/http://www.chron.com/default/article/3-pedestrian-towers-razed-at-Houston-Astrodome-5047730.php">"3 pedestrian towers razed at Houston Astrodome"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. December 9, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/default/article/3-pedestrian-towers-razed-at-Houston-Astrodome-5047730.php">the original</a> on December 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=3+pedestrian+towers+razed+at+Houston+Astrodome.&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdefault%2Farticle%2F3-pedestrian-towers-razed-at-Houston-Astrodome-5047730.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2013" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Rucks (December 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214010859/http://www.khou.com/news/local/Astrodome-ramps-demolished-as-clock-ticks-on-its-future-235151391.html">"Astrodome ramps demolished as clock ticks on its future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KHOU" title="KHOU">KHOU</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khou.com/news/local/Astrodome-ramps-demolished-as-clock-ticks-on-its-future-235151391.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KHOU&rft.atitle=Astrodome+ramps+demolished+as+clock+ticks+on+its+future&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Rucks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khou.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FAstrodome-ramps-demolished-as-clock-ticks-on-its-future-235151391.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/houston/article/New-Astrodome-concept-would-turn-the-landmark-8196601.php">"New Astrodome concept would turn the landmark into an outdoor, usable space"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. June 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=New+Astrodome+concept+would+turn+the+landmark+into+an+outdoor%2C+usable+space&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FNew-Astrodome-concept-would-turn-the-landmark-8196601.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Astrodome-parking-plan-could-save-Houston-s-9240124.php">"Astrodome parking plan could save Houston's historic 8th Wonder"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. September 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Astrodome+parking+plan+could+save+Houston%27s+historic+8th+Wonder&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FAstrodome-parking-plan-could-save-Houston-s-9240124.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulsinelli2016" class="citation news cs1">Pulsinelli, Olivia (September 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2016/09/27/astrodome-renovation-project-gets-approved.html">"Astrodome renovation project gets approved"</a>. <i>Houston Business Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Astrodome+renovation+project+gets+approved&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft.aulast=Pulsinelli&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fhouston%2Fnews%2F2016%2F09%2F27%2Fastrodome-renovation-project-gets-approved.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/What-105-million-buys-for-the-Astrodome-9289084.php">"What $105 million buys for the Astrodome"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. September 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=What+%24105+million+buys+for+the+Astrodome&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FWhat-105-million-buys-for-the-Astrodome-9289084.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAL-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAL_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanks2017" class="citation news cs1">Banks, Gabrielle (January 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Astrodome-joins-Alamo-as-state-antiquities-10889746.php?t=433c576c3e438d9cbb">"Astrodome joins Alamo as state antiquities landmark"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. Houston, Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Astrodome+joins+Alamo+as+state+antiquities+landmark&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FAstrodome-joins-Alamo-as-state-antiquities-10889746.php%3Ft%3D433c576c3e438d9cbb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THC-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THC_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THC_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thc.texas.gov/news-events/press-releases/houston-astrodome-receives-state-antiquities-landmark-designation-texas">"Houston Astrodome Receives State Antiquities Landmark Designation from Texas Historical Commission"</a> (Press release). Austin, Texas. <a href="/wiki/Texas_Historical_Commission" title="Texas Historical Commission">Texas Historical Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Houston+Astrodome+Receives+State+Antiquities+Landmark+Designation+from+Texas+Historical+Commission&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thc.texas.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-releases%2Fhouston-astrodome-receives-state-antiquities-landmark-designation-texas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaveri2018" class="citation news cs1">Zaveri, Mihir (February 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/politics/houston/article/Harris-County-Commissioners-Court-OKs-105M-plan-12610107.php">"Harris County OKs $105 million renovation of Astrodome"</a>. <i>Chron</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chron&rft.atitle=Harris+County+OKs+%24105+million+renovation+of+Astrodome&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Zaveri&rft.aufirst=Mihir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FHarris-County-Commissioners-Court-OKs-105M-plan-12610107.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHlavaty2018" class="citation web cs1">Hlavaty, Craig (September 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Astrodome-redevelopment-should-begin-after-13260820.php">"Astrodome extreme makeover should begin after RodeoHouston 2019 concludes"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Astrodome+extreme+makeover+should+begin+after+RodeoHouston+2019+concludes&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft.aulast=Hlavaty&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FAstrodome-redevelopment-should-begin-after-13260820.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuinness2019" class="citation news cs1">McGuinness, Dylan (September 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/What-s-going-on-with-the-Astrodome-Nothing-14423650.php">"What's going on with the Astrodome? Nothing, really"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=What%27s+going+on+with+the+Astrodome%3F+Nothing%2C+really&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.aulast=McGuinness&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FWhat-s-going-on-with-the-Astrodome-Nothing-14423650.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2019" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Robert (November 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.click2houston.com/news/2019/11/20/what-happened-to-potential-plans-for-the-astrodome/">"What happened to potential plans for the Astrodome?"</a>. <i>KPRC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KPRC&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+potential+plans+for+the+Astrodome%3F&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.click2houston.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F20%2Fwhat-happened-to-potential-plans-for-the-astrodome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mickeymantles.com/facts25.html">"Mickey Mantle's NYC"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080602225547/http://www.mickeymantles.com/facts25.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mickey+Mantle%27s+NYC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mickeymantles.com%2Ffacts25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrosdaily.com/history/1965/">"Houston Astros history - 1965 season"</a>. <i>Astrosdaily.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astrosdaily.com&rft.atitle=Houston+Astros+history+-+1965+season&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosdaily.com%2Fhistory%2F1965%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrubel2013" class="citation web cs1">Strubel, John (December 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metsmerizedonline.com/2013/12/life-under-the-big-top.html/">"Life Under the Big Top"</a>. metsmerizedonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+Under+the+Big+Top&rft.pub=metsmerizedonline.com&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft.aulast=Strubel&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetsmerizedonline.com%2F2013%2F12%2Flife-under-the-big-top.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroy_L._Smith2019" class="citation web cs1">Troy L. Smith, Cleveland com (November 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/life-and-culture/g66l-2019/11/29137a8da15528/50-greatest-wrestling-payperviews-of-all-time.html">"50 greatest wrestling pay-per-views of all time"</a>. <i>cleveland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cleveland&rft.atitle=50+greatest+wrestling+pay-per-views+of+all+time&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft.aulast=Troy+L.+Smith&rft.aufirst=Cleveland+com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Flife-and-culture%2Fg66l-2019%2F11%2F29137a8da15528%2F50-greatest-wrestling-payperviews-of-all-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wwe.com/node/26146880/page-17">"The 15 best pay-per-views ever"</a>. <i>WWE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WWE&rft.atitle=The+15+best+pay-per-views+ever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwe.com%2Fnode%2F26146880%2Fpage-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&view=statistics">"Statistics « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+%C2%AB+Events+Database+%C2%AB+CAGEMATCH+-+The+Internet+Wrestling+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cagematch.net%2F%3Fid%3D1%26view%3Dstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonarthistory.com/a-houston-timeline-19721985">"A Houston Timeline 1972-1985"</a>. <i>Houston Art History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Art+History&rft.atitle=A+Houston+Timeline+1972-1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonarthistory.com%2Fa-houston-timeline-19721985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzales2012" class="citation web cs1">Gonzales, J.R. (May 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.chron.com/bayoucityhistory/2012/05/dome-of-the-month-the-astrodome-jazz-festival/">"Dome of the Month: The Astrodome Jazz Festival"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Dome+of+the+Month%3A+The+Astrodome+Jazz+Festival&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft.aulast=Gonzales&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.chron.com%2Fbayoucityhistory%2F2012%2F05%2Fdome-of-the-month-the-astrodome-jazz-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CsH-TnpBdI">"News Clip: Metallica & Guns N Roses in Houston (1992)"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. October 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/4CsH-TnpBdI">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=News+Clip%3A+Metallica+%26+Guns+N+Roses+in+Houston+%281992%29&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4CsH-TnpBdI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/vault/1969/03/17/559679/poor-lil-midgets-texas-style">Poor Li'l Midgets Texas Style</a> - BOb Ottum, Sports Illustrated, 17 March 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thethirdturn.com/wiki/USAC_Midget:1970-04">"USAC Midget:1970-04"</a>. <i>The Third Turn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Third+Turn&rft.atitle=USAC+Midget%3A1970-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthethirdturn.com%2Fwiki%2FUSAC_Midget%3A1970-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astrodomeconservancy.org/domecoming/">"Join Us for Domecoming – April 9, 2018 – Astrodome Conservancy"</a>. <i>astrodomeconservancy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=astrodomeconservancy.org&rft.atitle=Join+Us+for+Domecoming+%E2%80%93+April+9%2C+2018+%E2%80%93+Astrodome+Conservancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrodomeconservancy.org%2Fdomecoming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlum2022" class="citation web cs1">Blum, Eric (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/my-time-covering-permian-panthers-football-1848441522">"My time in Permian Panthers country"</a>. <i>Deadspin</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadspin&rft.atitle=My+time+in+Permian+Panthers+country&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2Fmy-time-covering-permian-panthers-football-1848441522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savingplaces.org/national-treasures">"National Treasures"</a>. <i>National Trust for Historic Preservation</i>. savingplaces.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust+for+Historic+Preservation&rft.atitle=National+Treasures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsavingplaces.org%2Fnational-treasures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/opinion/outlook/article/National-spotlight-shines-on-Dome-4639324.php">"National spotlight shines on Dome"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=National+spotlight+shines+on+Dome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fopinion%2Foutlook%2Farticle%2FNational-spotlight-shines-on-Dome-4639324.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article/hou/astrodome-lands-on-national-register-of-historic-places?ymd=20140201&content_id=67351980&fs=true">"Astrodome lands on National Register of Historic Places | astros.com: News"</a>. Mlb.mlb.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astrodome+lands+on+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+%26%23124%3B+astros.com%3A+News&rft.pub=Mlb.mlb.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fhou%2Fastrodome-lands-on-national-register-of-historic-places%3Fymd%3D20140201%26content_id%3D67351980%26fs%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanks2015" class="citation web cs1">Banks, Gabrielle (April 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Search-for-Dome-time-capsule-hits-a-snag-6233773.php">"Search for Dome time capsule hits a snag"</a>. Hearst Newspapers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+for+Dome+time+capsule+hits+a+snag&rft.pub=Hearst+Newspapers&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FSearch-for-Dome-time-capsule-hits-a-snag-6233773.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHlavaty2018" class="citation news cs1">Hlavaty, Craig (May 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/The-Astrodome-got-some-new-shiny-bling-Tuesday-12952282.php#photo-15635206">"The Astrodome gets its own Texas State Historical Marker"</a>. <i>Chron</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chron&rft.atitle=The+Astrodome+gets+its+own+Texas+State+Historical+Marker&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft.aulast=Hlavaty&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FThe-Astrodome-got-some-new-shiny-bling-Tuesday-12952282.php%23photo-15635206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dsthevr-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dsthevr_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0sFeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pjEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2845%2C2586502">"Domed stadium has everything"</a>. <i>Lewiston Morning Tribune</i>. (Idaho). Associated Press. February 16, 1965. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lewiston+Morning+Tribune&rft.atitle=Domed+stadium+has+everything&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1965-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D0sFeAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DpjEMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2845%252C2586502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loser-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loser_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1997" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, Ed (1997). <i>Loser Takes All – Bud Adams, Bad Football, & Big Business</i>. Longview Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56352-432-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56352-432-5"><bdi>1-56352-432-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loser+Takes+All+%E2%80%93+Bud+Adams%2C+Bad+Football%2C+%26+Big+Business&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Longview+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56352-432-5&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agfwpt-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agfwpt_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agfwpt_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5Q8dAAAAIBAJ&pg=1385%2C3450389">"Astrodome glare fades with paint"</a>. <i>Tuscaloosa News</i>. (Alabama). Associated Press. April 23, 1966. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuscaloosa+News&rft.atitle=Astrodome+glare+fades+with+paint&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1966-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D5Q8dAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1385%252C3450389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ndsant-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ndsant_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GjlWAAAAIBAJ&pg=4293%2C3262038">"Dome needs another coat"</a>. <i>Spokesman-Review</i>. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. May 24, 1965. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Dome+needs+another+coat&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1965-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DGjlWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4293%252C3262038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cathedrals-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cathedrals_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowry2005" class="citation book cs1">Lowry, Phillip (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greencathedralsu0000lowr_u1c9"><i>Green Cathedrals</i></a></span>. New York City: Walker & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-1562-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-1562-1"><bdi>0-8027-1562-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Cathedrals&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Walker+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8027-1562-1&rft.aulast=Lowry&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreencathedralsu0000lowr_u1c9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asplfhf-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asplfhf_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uPwrAAAAIBAJ&pg=6321,1673684">"Astroturf planned for Houston field"</a>. <i>Florence Times</i>. (Alabama). Associated Press. March 13, 1966. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florence+Times&rft.atitle=Astroturf+planned+for+Houston+field&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1966-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DuPwrAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6321%2C1673684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-algbt-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-algbt_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=R6tVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6860,4760340">"Astroturf looks great, but..."</a> <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. (Oregon). Associated Press. March 20, 1966. p. 2b.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Astroturf+looks+great%2C+but...&rft.pages=2b&rft.date=1966-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DR6tVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6860%2C4760340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whnwas-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whnwas_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KFtQAAAAIBAJ&pg=5288,6122136">"What's new? Astroturf"</a>. <i>Toledo Blade</i>. (Ohio). Associated Press. March 21, 1966. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=What%27s+new%3F+Astroturf&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1966-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DKFtQAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5288%2C6122136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zgbhiad-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zgbhiad_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JG0eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5803,3955242">"Zippered 'grass' big hit in Astrodome"</a>. <i>Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal</i>. (Florida). Associated Press. March 20, 1966. p. 1B.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daytona+Beach+Sunday+News-Journal&rft.atitle=Zippered+%27grass%27+big+hit+in+Astrodome&rft.pages=1B&rft.date=1966-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DJG0eAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5803%2C3955242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mjsxsx-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mjsxsx_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBledsoe1966" class="citation news cs1">Bledsoe, Terry (March 20, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ok0aAAAAIBAJ&pg=3929%2C5003712">"Astrodome's synthetic grass gets 1st test with skids and bounces"</a>. <i>Milwaukee Journal</i>. p. 1, sports.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal&rft.atitle=Astrodome%27s+synthetic+grass+gets+1st+test+with+skids+and+bounces&rft.pages=1%2C+sports&rft.date=1966-03-20&rft.aulast=Bledsoe&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DOk0aAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3929%252C5003712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brcbtva-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brcbtva_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathet1966" class="citation news cs1">Rathet, Mike (March 21, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cotLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6834%2C2708784">"Brickbats starting to fly over Houston's Astroturf"</a>. <i>Victoria Advocate</i>. (Texas). Associated Press. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+Advocate&rft.atitle=Brickbats+starting+to+fly+over+Houston%27s+Astroturf&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1966-03-21&rft.aulast=Rathet&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DcotLAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6834%252C2708784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paptoag-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paptoag_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e7IhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2932,2223710">"Phils, Astros plan tonight on artificial grass"</a>. <i>Reading Eagle</i>. (Pennsylvania). Associated Press. July 19, 1966. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Eagle&rft.atitle=Phils%2C+Astros+plan+tonight+on+artificial+grass&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1966-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3De7IhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2932%2C2223710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pfftunf-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pfftunf_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EOdVAAAAIBAJ&pg=5602%2C4123933">"Phil find Farrell, turf unfriendly"</a>. <i>Eugene Register-Guard</i>. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 20, 1966. p. 3C.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Phil+find+Farrell%2C+turf+unfriendly&rft.pages=3C&rft.date=1966-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DEOdVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5602%252C4123933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asclph-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asclph_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qLZdAAAAIBAJ&pg=7299%2C2360989">"Astros clout Phils; Farrell leads way"</a>. <i>Victoria Advocate</i>. (Texas). Associated Press. July 20, 1966. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+Advocate&rft.atitle=Astros+clout+Phils%3B+Farrell+leads+way&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1966-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DqLZdAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7299%252C2360989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols1985" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, Bruce (April 10, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xFhWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6580,4938802&dq=en">"Prototype Astrodome Celebrates 20th Birthday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Prototype+Astrodome+Celebrates+20th+Birthday&rft.date=1985-04-10&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DxFhWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6580%2C4938802%26dq%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3lMNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4949,428882&dq=en">"Houston's Mistake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i>. January 2, 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Houston%27s+Mistake&rft.date=1988-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D3lMNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4949%2C428882%26dq%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonkowski1992" class="citation news cs1">Bonkowski, Jerry (December 7, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725101237/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56244913.html?dids=56244913:56244913&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+07%2C+1992&author=Jerry+Bonkowski&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Oilers+entertain+Bears+with+playoffs+on+mind&pqatl=google">"Oilers Entertain Bears With Playoffs on Mind"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56244913.html?dids=56244913:56244913&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+07%2C+1992&author=Jerry+Bonkowski&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Oilers+entertain+Bears+with+playoffs+on+mind&pqatl=google">the original</a> on July 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Oilers+Entertain+Bears+With+Playoffs+on+Mind&rft.date=1992-12-07&rft.aulast=Bonkowski&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2FUSAToday%2Faccess%2F56244913.html%3Fdids%3D56244913%3A56244913%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DDec%2B07%252C%2B1992%26author%3DJerry%2BBonkowski%26pub%3DUSA%2BTODAY%2B%28pre-1997%2BFulltext%29%26desc%3DOilers%2Bentertain%2BBears%2Bwith%2Bplayoffs%2Bon%2Bmind%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1995" class="citation news cs1">Carter, Al (September 18, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3D5FD2F60B313&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">"Revamped Oilers Fall to Browns 14-7"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Revamped+Oilers+Fall+to+Browns+14-7&rft.date=1995-09-18&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DDM%26p_theme%3Ddm%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D0ED3D5FD2F60B313%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26s_trackval%3DGooglePM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paige, Leroy "Satchel". "Dome is Hurler's Heaven, Says Satchel". <i>San Bernardino Sun-Telegram</i>. April 11, 1965. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/igrthv7v1ef9ag3">69</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/igrthv7v1ef9ag3">72</a>.</li> <li>Mack, Darrell (UPI). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/4lymq9yx82lchoo">"Roberto Draws Dome Cheers; Clemente's double grabs termed 'greatest ever'"</a>. <i>The Franklin News-Herald</i>. June 16, 1971. p. 21.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chandler, Adam. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/the-sad-fate-but-historic-legacy-of-the-houston-astrodome/281269/">The Sad Fate (But Historic Legacy) of the Houston Astrodome</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. November 8, 2013.</li> <li>Trumpbour, Robert C., and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Womack" title="Kenneth Womack">Kenneth Womack</a>. <i>The Eighth Wonder of the World: The Life of Houston's Iconic Astrodome</i> (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2016).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrodome" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Astrodome">Astrodome</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlton1968" class="citation journal cs1">Carlton, Harold (1968). "The 8th Wonder of the World—The Houston Astrodome". <i>Sunday Times Magazine</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+8th+Wonder+of+the+World%E2%80%94The+Houston+Astrodome&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Carlton&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1965" class="citation magazine cs1">Smith, Liz (April 12, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121211210806/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1077072/index.htm">"Giltfinger's Golden Dome"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1077072/index.htm">the original</a> on December 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Giltfinger%27s+Golden+Dome&rft.date=1965-04-12&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fvault%2Farticle%2Fmagazine%2FMAG1077072%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarnoff2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sarnoff, Nancy (April 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100429074203/http://blogs.chron.com/primeproperty/2010/04/the_astrodome_houstons_eiffel.html">"The Astrodome: 'Houston's Eiffel Tower'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.chron.com/primeproperty/2010/04/the_astrodome_houstons_eiffel.html">the original</a> on April 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Astrodome%3A+%27Houston%27s+Eiffel+Tower%27&rft.date=2010-04-26&rft.aulast=Sarnoff&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.chron.com%2Fprimeproperty%2F2010%2F04%2Fthe_astrodome_houstons_eiffel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstrodome" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. TX-108, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/tx1045/">Houston Astrodome, 8400 Kirby Drive, Houston, Harris County, TX</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S1MEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA75">LIFE 23 Apr 1965</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasarchive.org/taxonomy/term/116074">Film footage of the Astrodome</a> at <a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_of_the_Moving_Image" title="Texas Archive of the Moving Image">Texas Archive of the Moving Image</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box mw-collapsible autocollapse" style="margin: 0 auto 0 auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #EAF1FB;">Events and tenants </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Home of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Houston_Oilers" title="Houston Oilers">Houston Oilers</a> </b><br />1968–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bowl_Memorial_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium">Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Colt_Stadium" title="Colt Stadium">Colt Stadium</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Home of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> </b><br />1965–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Home of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Bluebonnet_Bowl" title="Bluebonnet Bowl">Bluebonnet Bowl</a> </b><br />1968–1984<br />1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cole_Field_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Cole Field House">Cole Field House</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">Men's Division I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">Basketball Tournament</a><br />Finals Venue </b><br />1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Sports_Arena" title="Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena">Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim Stadium">Anaheim Stadium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Host of the<br /><a href="/wiki/MLB_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB All-Star Game">MLB All-Star Game</a> </b><br />1968<br />1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oakland%E2%80%93Alameda_County_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum">Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Stadium" title="Chicago Stadium">Chicago Stadium</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Host of the<br /><a href="/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game" title="NBA All-Star Game">NBA All-Star Game</a> </b><br />1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Arena" title="Miami Arena">Miami Arena</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Pond" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrowhead Pond">Arrowhead Pond</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Host of <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania" title="WrestleMania">WrestleMania</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_X-Seven" title="WrestleMania X-Seven">2001</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/SkyDome" class="mw-redirect" title="SkyDome">SkyDome</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Houston_Astros" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;background-color: #002D62 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #EB6E1F, inset -2px -2px 0 #EB6E1F; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston_Astros" title="Template:Houston Astros"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Houston_Astros" title="Template talk:Houston Astros"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Houston_Astros" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Houston Astros"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Houston_Astros" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Houston Astros</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;"><div> <ul><li>Established in <b><a href="/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1962 Major League Baseball season"><span style="color:#000000">1962</span></a></b></li> <li>Formerly the <b>Houston Colt .45s</b></li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston"><span style="color:#000000">Houston, Texas</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros"><span style="color:#000000">Franchise</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1962 Major League Baseball expansion">1962 expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft">Expansion draft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Astros" title="History of the Houston Astros">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_seasons" title="List of Houston Astros seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_team_records" title="List of Houston Astros team records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_no-hitters" title="List of Houston Astros no-hitters">No-hitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_award_winners_and_league_leaders" title="Houston Astros award winners and league leaders">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_all-time_roster" title="Houston Astros all-time roster">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_managers" title="List of Houston Astros managers">Managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_owners_and_executives" title="List of Houston Astros owners and executives">Owners and executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_first-round_draft_picks" title="List of Houston Astros first-round draft picks">First-round draft picks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers" title="List of Houston Astros Opening Day starting pitchers">Opening Day starting pitchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Astros" title="Category:Houston Astros">All articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Ballparks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Stadium" title="Colt Stadium">Colt Stadium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston Astrodome</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Daikin Park</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;"><span class="nobold"><i>Spring training:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_Park" title="Geronimo Park">Geronimo Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Florida_Sports_Park" title="Coastal Florida Sports Park">Cocoa Expo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola_County_Stadium" title="Osceola County Stadium">Osceola County Stadium</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cacti_Park_of_the_Palm_Beaches" title="Cacti Park of the Palm Beaches">CACTI Park of the Palm Beaches</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AstroTurf" title="AstroTurf">AstroTurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(mascot)" title="Orbit (mascot)">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Houston)" title="Union Station (Houston)">Union Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bamboo_Lounge" title="Big Bamboo Lounge">Big Bamboo Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_in_the_Heart_of_Texas" title="Deep in the Heart of Texas">"Deep in the Heart of Texas"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Buffaloes" title="Houston Buffaloes">Houston Buffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shriners_College_Classic" title="Shriners College Classic">Shriners College Classic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ball_Four" title="Ball Four">Ball Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brewster_McCloud" title="Brewster McCloud">Brewster McCloud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_News_Bears_in_Breaking_Training" title="The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training">The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murder_at_the_World_Series" title="Murder at the World Series">Murder at the World Series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Game_(film)" title="Night Game (film)">Night Game</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Tub" title="The Hot Tub">"The Hot Tub" (<i>Seinfeld</i> episode)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection:_The_J.R._Richard_Story" title="Resurrection: The J.R. Richard Story">Resurrection: The J.R. Richard Story</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Hamilton" title="Milo Hamilton"><i>"Holy Toledo!"</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McIngvale" title="Jim McIngvale">Mattress Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Kids_Foundation" title="Sunshine Kids Foundation">Sunshine Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_Kile_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Darryl Kile Award">Darryl Kile Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_National_League_West_tie-breaker_game" title="1980 National League West tie-breaker game">1980 NL West tie-breaker game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_B%27s_(Houston_Astros)" title="Killer B's (Houston Astros)">Killer B's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_National_League_Division_Series" title="2005 National League Division Series">Chris Burke's home run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2017 American League Championship Series">24 straight curveballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Houston_Astros_season" title="2017 Houston Astros season">Houston Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_sign_stealing_scandal" title="Houston Astros sign stealing scandal">Sign stealing scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2019 American League Championship Series">"Altuve!"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_American_League_Division_Series" title="2022 American League Division Series">18 shutout innings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2022 American League Championship Series">"We Want Houston!"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_World_Series" title="2022 World Series">World Series no-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Mexico_City_Series" title="MLB Mexico City Series">MLB Mexico City Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astros%E2%80%93Dodgers_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Astros–Dodgers rivalry">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Series" title="Lone Star Series">Texas Rangers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Owner: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crane" title="Jim Crane">Jim Crane</a></li> <li>General Manager: <a href="/wiki/Dana_Brown_(baseball)" title="Dana Brown (baseball)">Dana Brown</a></li> <li>Manager: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Espada" title="Joe Espada">Joe Espada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">World Series<br />Championships (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Series" title="2017 World Series">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_World_Series" title="2022 World Series">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">League pennants (5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NL: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_National_League_Championship_Series" title="2005 National League Championship Series">2005</a></li></ul></li> <li>AL: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2017 American League Championship Series">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2019 American League Championship Series">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2021 American League Championship Series">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_American_League_Championship_Series" title="2022 American League Championship Series">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Division titles (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NL West: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1980 National League Championship Series">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_National_League_Division_Series" title="1981 National League Division Series">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_National_League_Championship_Series" title="1986 National League Championship Series">1986</a></li></ul></li> <li>NL Central: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1997_National_League_Division_Series" title="1997 National League Division Series">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_National_League_Division_Series" title="1998 National League Division Series">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_National_League_Division_Series" title="1999 National League Division Series">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_National_League_Division_Series" title="2001 National League Division Series">2001</a></li></ul></li> <li>AL West: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_American_League_Division_Series" title="2017 American League Division Series">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_American_League_Division_Series" title="2018 American League Division Series">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_American_League_Division_Series" title="2019 American League Division Series">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_American_League_Division_Series" title="2021 American League Division Series">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_American_League_Division_Series" title="2022 American League Division Series">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_American_League_Division_Series" title="2023 American League Division Series">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_American_League_Wild_Card_Series" title="2024 American League Wild Card Series">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">Wild card titles (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NL: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_National_League_Division_Series" title="2004 National League Division Series">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_National_League_Division_Series" title="2005 National League Division Series">2005</a></li></ul></li> <li>AL: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_American_League_Wild_Card_Game" title="2015 American League Wild Card Game">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_League_Wild_Card_Series" title="2020 American League Wild Card Series">2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_minor_league_affiliates" title="List of Houston Astros minor league affiliates"><span style="color:#000000">Minors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Triple-A: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land_Space_Cowboys" title="Sugar Land Space Cowboys">Sugar Land Space Cowboys</a></li></ul></li> <li>Double-A: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Hooks" title="Corpus Christi Hooks">Corpus Christi Hooks</a></li></ul></li> <li>High-A: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asheville_Tourists" title="Asheville Tourists">Asheville Tourists</a></li></ul></li> <li>Single-A: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville_Woodpeckers" title="Fayetteville Woodpeckers">Fayetteville Woodpeckers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rookie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League_Astros" title="Florida Complex League Astros">FCL Astros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League_Astros" title="Dominican Summer League Astros">DSL Astros Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League_Astros" title="Dominican Summer League Astros">DSL Astros Orange</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Astros_broadcasters" title="List of Houston Astros broadcasters"><span style="color:#000000">Media</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>TV</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Space_City_Home_Network" title="Space City Home Network">Space City Home Network</a></dd> <dt>Radio</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_Radio_Network" title="Houston Astros Radio Network">Houston Astros Radio Network</a></dd> <dt>Announcers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Todd_Kalas" title="Todd Kalas">Todd Kalas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Blum" title="Geoff Blum">Geoff Blum</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;background-color: #002D62 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #EB6E1F, inset -2px -2px 0 #EB6E1F; !important;;"><div id="Seasons_(64)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Seasons (64)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">1960 · 1961 · </span> <a href="/wiki/1962_Houston_Colt_.45s_season" title="1962 Houston Colt .45s season">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Houston_Colt_.45s_season" title="1963 Houston Colt .45s season">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Houston_Colt_.45s_season" title="1964 Houston Colt .45s season">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Astros_season" title="1965 Houston Astros season">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Houston_Astros_season" title="1966 Houston Astros season">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Houston_Astros_season" title="1967 Houston Astros season">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Houston_Astros_season" title="1968 Houston Astros season">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Houston_Astros_season" title="1969 Houston Astros season">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Houston_Astros_season" title="1970 Houston Astros season">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Houston_Astros_season" title="1971 Houston Astros season">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Houston_Astros_season" title="1972 Houston Astros season">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Houston_Astros_season" title="1973 Houston Astros season">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Houston_Astros_season" title="1974 Houston Astros season">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Houston_Astros_season" title="1975 Houston Astros season">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Houston_Astros_season" title="1976 Houston Astros season">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Houston_Astros_season" title="1977 Houston Astros season">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Houston_Astros_season" title="1978 Houston Astros season">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Houston_Astros_season" title="1979 Houston Astros season">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1980_Houston_Astros_season" title="1980 Houston Astros season">1980</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1981_Houston_Astros_season" title="1981 Houston Astros season">1981</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Houston_Astros_season" title="1982 Houston Astros season">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Houston_Astros_season" title="1983 Houston Astros season">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Houston_Astros_season" title="1984 Houston Astros season">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Houston_Astros_season" title="1985 Houston Astros season">1985</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1986_Houston_Astros_season" title="1986 Houston Astros season">1986</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Houston_Astros_season" title="1987 Houston Astros season">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Houston_Astros_season" title="1988 Houston Astros season">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Houston_Astros_season" title="1989 Houston Astros season">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Houston_Astros_season" title="1990 Houston Astros season">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Houston_Astros_season" title="1991 Houston Astros season">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Houston_Astros_season" title="1992 Houston Astros season">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Houston_Astros_season" title="1993 Houston Astros season">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Houston_Astros_season" title="1994 Houston Astros season">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Houston_Astros_season" title="1995 Houston Astros season">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Houston_Astros_season" title="1996 Houston Astros season">1996</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1997_Houston_Astros_season" title="1997 Houston Astros season">1997</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1998_Houston_Astros_season" title="1998 Houston Astros season">1998</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1999_Houston_Astros_season" title="1999 Houston Astros season">1999</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Houston_Astros_season" title="2000 Houston Astros season">2000</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Houston_Astros_season" title="2001 Houston Astros season">2001</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Houston_Astros_season" title="2002 Houston Astros season">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Houston_Astros_season" title="2003 Houston Astros season">2003</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2004_Houston_Astros_season" title="2004 Houston Astros season">2004</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2005_Houston_Astros_season" title="2005 Houston Astros season">2005</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Houston_Astros_season" title="2006 Houston Astros season">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Houston_Astros_season" title="2007 Houston Astros season">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Houston_Astros_season" title="2008 Houston Astros season">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Houston_Astros_season" title="2009 Houston Astros season">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Houston_Astros_season" title="2010 Houston Astros season">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Houston_Astros_season" title="2011 Houston Astros season">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Houston_Astros_season" title="2012 Houston Astros season">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Houston_Astros_season" title="2013 Houston Astros season">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Houston_Astros_season" title="2014 Houston Astros season">2014</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2015_Houston_Astros_season" title="2015 Houston Astros season">2015</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Houston_Astros_season" title="2016 Houston Astros season">2016</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Houston_Astros_season" title="2017 Houston Astros season">2017</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2018_Houston_Astros_season" title="2018 Houston Astros season">2018</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Houston_Astros_season" title="2019 Houston Astros season">2019</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #EB6E1F !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #002D62, inset -2px -2px 0 #002D62; !important;;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2020_Houston_Astros_season" title="2020 Houston Astros season">2020</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2021_Houston_Astros_season" title="2021 Houston Astros season">2021</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Houston_Astros_season" title="2022 Houston Astros season">2022</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2023_Houston_Astros_season" title="2023 Houston Astros season">2023</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Houston_Astros_season" title="2024 Houston Astros season">2024</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Houston_Astros_season" title="2025 Houston Astros season">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Houston_Rockets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;background-color: #CE1141 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston_Rockets" title="Template:Houston Rockets"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Houston_Rockets" title="Template talk:Houston Rockets"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Houston_Rockets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Houston Rockets"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Houston_Rockets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Houston Rockets</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;"><div> <ul><li>Founded in <b><a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_NBA_season" title="1967–68 NBA season"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">1967</span></a></b></li> <li>Played in <b>San Diego</b> (1967–1971)</li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Houston, Texas</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Franchise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Rockets" title="History of the Houston Rockets">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets_all-time_roster" title="Houston Rockets all-time roster">All-time roster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets_draft_history" title="Houston Rockets draft history">Draft history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_NBA_expansion_draft" title="1967 NBA expansion draft">1967</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets_accomplishments_and_records" title="Houston Rockets accomplishments and records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Rockets_head_coaches" title="List of Houston Rockets head coaches">Head coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Rockets_seasons" title="List of Houston Rockets seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Houston_Rockets_season" title="2024–25 Houston Rockets season">Current season</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pechanga_Arena" title="Pechanga Arena">Pechanga Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertitta_Center" title="Fertitta Center">Hofheinz Pavilion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HemisFair_Arena" title="HemisFair Arena">HemisFair Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Church_Central_Campus" title="Lakewood Church Central Campus">The Summit/Compaq Center</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Center" title="Toyota Center">Toyota Center</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Owner(s)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tilman_Fertitta" title="Tilman Fertitta">Tilman Fertitta</a></dd> <dt>President</dt> <dd>Gretchen Sheirr</dd> <dt>General manager</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Stone" title="Rafael Stone">Rafael Stone</a></dd> <dt>Head coach</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ime_Udoka" title="Ime Udoka">Ime Udoka</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">G League affiliate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_Vipers" title="Rio Grande Valley Vipers">Rio Grande Valley Vipers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Retired numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Ming" title="Yao Ming">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Drexler" title="Clyde Drexler">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Murphy" title="Calvin Murphy">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Malone" title="Moses Malone">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Olajuwon" title="Hakeem Olajuwon">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvin_Hayes" title="Elvin Hayes">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Tomjanovich" title="Rudy Tomjanovich">45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">NBA championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_NBA_Finals" title="1994 NBA Finals">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_NBA_Finals" title="1995 NBA Finals">1995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mavericks%E2%80%93Rockets_rivalry" title="Mavericks–Rockets rivalry">Dallas Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockets%E2%80%93Spurs_rivalry" title="Rockets–Spurs rivalry">San Antonio Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz%E2%80%93Rockets_rivalry" title="Jazz–Rockets rivalry">Utah Jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1141, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1141; !important;;;width:1%">Culture and lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rowdies" title="Red Rowdies">Red Rowdies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClutchFans" title="ClutchFans">ClutchFans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutch_City" title="Clutch City">Clutch City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutch_(mascot)" title="Clutch (mascot)">Clutch the Rockets Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_Barry" title="Dancing Barry">Dancing Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Elie" title="Mario Elie">The Kiss of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Olajuwon" title="Hakeem Olajuwon">The Dream Shake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_McGrady" title="Tracy McGrady">13 points in 35 seconds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Houston_Rockets_season" title="2007–08 Houston Rockets season">22 wins in a row</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Yao" title="The Year of the Yao">The Year of the Yao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/June_17th,_1994" title="June 17th, 1994">June 17th, 1994</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_NBA_playoffs#(1)_Houston_Rockets_vs._(2)_Golden_State_Warriors" title="2018 NBA playoffs">27 consecutive 3-pointers missed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tennessee_Titans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;background-color: #002244 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #4B92DB, inset -2px -2px 0 #4B92DB;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tennessee_Titans" title="Template:Tennessee Titans"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tennessee_Titans" title="Template talk:Tennessee Titans"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee_Titans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tennessee Titans"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tennessee_Titans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans"><span style="color: #FFFFFF">Tennessee Titans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;"><div> <ul><li>Founded in 1960</li> <li>Formerly the <b>Houston Oilers</b> (1960–1996) and the <b>Tennessee Oilers</b> (1997–1998)</li> <li>Based and headquartered in <b><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee"><span style="color: #002244">Nashville, Tennessee</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Franchise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Tennessee_Titans" title="History of the Tennessee Titans">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Oilers" title="Houston Oilers">in Houston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_head_coaches" title="List of Tennessee Titans head coaches">Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_seasons" title="List of Tennessee Titans seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans_all-time_roster" title="Tennessee Titans all-time roster">All-time roster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_first-round_draft_picks" title="List of Tennessee Titans first-round draft picks">First-round draft picks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_starting_quarterbacks" title="List of Tennessee Titans starting quarterbacks">Starting quarterbacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Stadium" title="Robertson Stadium">Jeppesen Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston Astrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_Bank_Liberty_Stadium" title="Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium">Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstBank_Stadium" title="FirstBank Stadium">Vanderbilt Stadium</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Stadium" title="Nissan Stadium">Nissan Stadium</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nissan_Stadium" title="New Nissan Stadium">New Nissan Stadium</a> (future)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Adams" title="Bud Adams">Bud Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luv_Ya_Blue" title="Luv Ya Blue">Luv Ya Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Rac" title="T-Rac">T-Rac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Titans_Cheerleaders" title="Tennessee Titans Cheerleaders">Cheerleaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Comeback_(American_football)" title="The Comeback (American football)">The Comeback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_City_Miracle" title="Music City Miracle">Music City Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXIV" title="Super Bowl XXXIV">One Yard Short</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravens%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Ravens–Titans rivalry">Baltimore Ravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bills%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Bills–Titans rivalry">Buffalo Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Cup_(Texas)" title="Governor's Cup (Texas)">Dallas Cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texans%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Texans–Titans rivalry">Houston Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colts%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Colts–Titans rivalry">Indianapolis Colts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Jaguars–Titans rivalry">Jacksonville Jaguars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelers%E2%80%93Titans_rivalry" title="Steelers–Titans rivalry">Pittsburgh Steelers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Division championships (11)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1960 Houston Oilers season">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1961 Houston Oilers season">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1962 Houston Oilers season">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1967 Houston Oilers season">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1991 Houston Oilers season">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Houston_Oilers_season" title="1993 Houston Oilers season">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="2000 Tennessee Titans season">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="2002 Tennessee Titans season">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="2008 Tennessee Titans season">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="2020 Tennessee Titans season">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tennessee_Titans_season" title="2021 Tennessee Titans season">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Conference championships (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_NFL_season" title="1999 NFL season">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">League championships (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_American_Football_League_Championship_Game" title="1960 American Football League Championship Game">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_American_Football_League_Championship_Game" title="1961 American Football League Championship Game">1961</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Retired numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Moon" title="Warren Moon">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_McNair" title="Steve McNair">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_George" title="Eddie George">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Campbell" title="Earl Campbell">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Norton_(safety)" title="Jim Norton (safety)">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Munchak" title="Mike Munchak">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvin_Bethea" title="Elvin Bethea">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Matthews_(American_football)" title="Bruce Matthews (American football)">74</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Titans_broadcasters" title="List of Tennessee Titans broadcasters">Broadcasters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titans_All_Access" title="Titans All Access">Titans All Access</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titans_Preseason_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans Preseason Football">Titans Preseason Football</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_Radio_Network" title="Titans Radio Network">Titans Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKRN-TV" title="WKRN-TV">WKRN-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVF" title="WTVF">WTVF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZTV" title="WZTV">WZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGFX" title="WGFX">WGFX-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSMV-TV" title="WSMV-TV">WSMV-TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Current league affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>League: <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (1970–present)</li> <li>Conference: <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference" title="American Football Conference">American Football Conference</a></li> <li>Division: <a href="/wiki/AFC_South" title="AFC South">South Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Former league affiliation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>League: <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (1960–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #4B92DB !important; color: #002244 !important; ;;width:1%">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Adams" title="Bud Adams">Bud Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams_Strunk" title="Amy Adams Strunk">Amy Adams Strunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Houston_Cougars_baseball" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston_Cougars_baseball_navbox" title="Template:Houston Cougars baseball navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Houston_Cougars_baseball_navbox" title="Template talk:Houston Cougars baseball navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Houston_Cougars_baseball_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Houston Cougars baseball navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Houston_Cougars_baseball" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars_baseball" title="Houston Cougars baseball"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Houston Cougars baseball</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">Venue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Stadium" title="Buffalo Stadium">Buffalo Stadium</a> (1947–1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cougar_Field_(original)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cougar Field (original) (page does not exist)">Cougar Field (original)</a> (1962–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroeder_Park" title="Schroeder Park">Schroeder Park</a> (1995–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">Rivalries & tournaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Glove_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Glove Series">Silver Glove Series</a> (Rice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_College_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston College Classic">Houston College Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Houston_Cougars_head_baseball_coaches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Houston Cougars head baseball coaches (page does not exist)">Head Coaches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Cougars_baseball_seasons" title="List of Houston Cougars baseball seasons"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Seasons</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1953_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team" title="1953 Houston Cougars baseball team">1953</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1965_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1965 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1967_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team" title="1967 Houston Cougars baseball team">1967</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1972_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1972 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1973_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1973 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1976_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1976 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1981_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1981 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1988_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1988 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1989 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team" title="2000 Houston Cougars baseball team">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team" title="2014 Houston Cougars baseball team">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team" title="2015 Houston Cougars baseball team">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_Houston_Cougars_baseball_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 Houston Cougars baseball team (page does not exist)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;"><div><i>College World Series appearances in italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Houston_Cougars_football" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston_Cougars_football_navbox" title="Template:Houston Cougars football navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Houston_Cougars_football_navbox" title="Template talk:Houston Cougars football navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Houston_Cougars_football_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Houston Cougars football navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Houston_Cougars_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars_football" title="Houston Cougars football"><span style="color:white">Houston Cougars football</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Stadium" title="Robertson Stadium">Robertson Stadium</a> (1946–1950, 1998–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a> (1950–1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston Astrodome</a> (1965–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">Reliant Stadium</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Energy_Stadium" title="Shell Energy Stadium">BBVA Compass Stadium</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDECU_Stadium" title="TDECU Stadium">TDECU Stadium</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">Bowls and rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Cougars_bowl_games" title="List of Houston Cougars bowl games">Bowl games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baylor%E2%80%93Houston_football_rivalry" title="Baylor–Houston football rivalry">Baylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Rice_rivalry#Football" title="Houston–Rice rivalry">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93SMU_rivalry#Football" title="Houston–SMU rivalry">SMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Texas_Tech_football_rivalry" title="Houston–Texas Tech football rivalry">Texas Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston%E2%80%93Tulsa_football_rivalry" title="Houston–Tulsa football rivalry">Tulsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">Culture & lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(mascot)" title="Shasta (mascot)">Shasta</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cougar_Fight_Song_(University_of_Houston)" title="Cougar Fight Song (University of Houston)">Cougar Fight Song</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Houston" title="Spirit of Houston">Spirit of Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer" title="Veer">Veer option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Armed_Forces_Bowl_(January)" title="2015 Armed Forces Bowl (January)">The Comeback Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Houston_vs._SMU_football_game" title="2022 Houston vs. SMU football game">2022 SMU game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Cougars_head_football_coaches" title="List of Houston Cougars head football coaches">Head coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Cougars_in_the_NFL_draft" title="List of Houston Cougars in the NFL draft">NFL draftees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars_football_statistical_leaders" title="Houston Cougars football statistical leaders">Statistical leaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C92A39;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #B8B9B7, inset -2px -2px 0 #B8B9B7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Cougars_football_seasons" title="List of Houston Cougars football seasons"><span style="color:white">Seasons</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1946 Houston Cougars football team">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1947 Houston Cougars football team">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1948 Houston Cougars football team">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1949 Houston Cougars football team">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1950 Houston Cougars football team">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1951 Houston Cougars football team">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1952 Houston Cougars football team">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1953 Houston Cougars football team">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1954 Houston Cougars football team">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1955 Houston Cougars football team">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1956 Houston Cougars football team">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1957 Houston Cougars football team">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1958 Houston Cougars football team">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1959 Houston Cougars football team">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1960 Houston Cougars football team">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1961 Houston Cougars football team">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1962 Houston Cougars football team">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1963 Houston Cougars football team">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1964 Houston Cougars football team">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1965 Houston Cougars football team">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1966 Houston Cougars football team">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1967 Houston Cougars football team">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1968 Houston Cougars football team">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1969 Houston Cougars football team">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1970 Houston Cougars football team">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1971 Houston Cougars football team">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1972 Houston Cougars football team">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1973 Houston Cougars football team">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1974 Houston Cougars football team">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1975 Houston Cougars football team">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1976 Houston Cougars football team">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1977 Houston Cougars football team">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1978 Houston Cougars football team">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1979 Houston Cougars football team">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1980 Houston Cougars football team">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1981 Houston Cougars football team">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1982 Houston Cougars football team">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1983 Houston Cougars football team">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1984 Houston Cougars football team">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1985 Houston Cougars football team">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1986 Houston Cougars football team">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1987 Houston Cougars football team">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1988 Houston Cougars football team">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1989 Houston Cougars football team">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1990 Houston Cougars football team">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1991 Houston Cougars football team">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1992 Houston Cougars football team">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1993 Houston Cougars football team">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1994 Houston Cougars football team">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1995 Houston Cougars football team">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1996 Houston Cougars football team">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1997 Houston Cougars football team">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1998 Houston Cougars football team">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="1999 Houston Cougars football team">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2000 Houston Cougars football team">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2001 Houston Cougars football team">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2002 Houston Cougars football team">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2003 Houston Cougars football team">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2004 Houston Cougars football team">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2005 Houston Cougars football team">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2006 Houston Cougars football team">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2007 Houston Cougars football team">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2008 Houston Cougars football team">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2009 Houston Cougars football team">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2010 Houston Cougars football team">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2011 Houston Cougars football team">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2012 Houston Cougars football team">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2013 Houston Cougars football team">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2014 Houston Cougars football team">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2015 Houston Cougars football team">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2016 Houston Cougars football team">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2017 Houston Cougars football team">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2018 Houston Cougars football team">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2019 Houston Cougars football team">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2020 Houston Cougars football team">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2021 Houston Cougars football team">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2022 Houston Cougars football team">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2023 Houston Cougars football team">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houston_Cougars_football_team" title="2024 Houston Cougars football team">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#6F263D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A2AAAD, inset -2px -2px 0 #A2AAAD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_navbox" title="Template:Texas Southern Tigers football navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_navbox" title="Template talk:Texas Southern Tigers football navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Texas Southern Tigers football navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" title="Texas Southern Tigers football"><span style="color:white">Texas Southern Tigers football</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#6F263D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A2AAAD, inset -2px -2px 0 #A2AAAD;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Stadium" title="Buffalo Stadium">Buffalo Stadium</a> (1947–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Stadium" title="Robertson Stadium">Robertson Stadium</a> (1952–2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a> (1968–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a> (1971–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Durley_Sports_Complex" title="Alexander Durley Sports Complex">Alexander Durley Sports Complex</a> (1993–1994, 2005–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmar_Stadium" title="Delmar Stadium">Delmar Stadium</a> (2000, 2008–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Energy_Stadium" title="Shell Energy Stadium">Shell Energy Stadium</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#6F263D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A2AAAD, inset -2px -2px 0 #A2AAAD;;width:1%">Bowls & rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Texas_Southern_Tigers_bowl_games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Texas Southern Tigers bowl games (page does not exist)">Bowl games</a></li> <li>Prairie View A&M: <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day_Classic" title="Labor Day Classic">Labor Day Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#6F263D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A2AAAD, inset -2px -2px 0 #A2AAAD;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_Southern_Tigers_head_football_coaches" title="List of Texas Southern Tigers head football coaches">Head coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_Southern_Tigers_in_the_NFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Texas Southern Tigers in the NFL Draft">NFL draftees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#6F263D;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A2AAAD, inset -2px -2px 0 #A2AAAD;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_seasons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Texas Southern Tigers football seasons (page does not exist)"><span style="color:white">Seasons</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947_Texas_State_Tigers_football_team" title="1947 Texas State Tigers football team">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Texas_State_Tigers_football_team" title="1948 Texas State Tigers football team">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Texas_State_Tigers_football_team" title="1949 Texas State Tigers football team">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Texas_State_Tigers_football_team" title="1950 Texas State Tigers football team">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1951 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1952 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1953 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1954 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1955 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1956 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1957 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1958 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1959 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1960 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1961 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1962 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1963 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1964 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1965 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1966 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1967 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1968 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1969 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1970 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1971 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1972 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1973 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1974 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1975 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1976 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1977 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1978 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1979 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1980 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1981 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1982 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1983 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1984 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1985 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1986 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1987 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1988 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1989 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1990 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1991 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1992 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1993 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1994 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1995 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1996 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1997 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1998 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="1999 Texas Southern Tigers football team">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2000 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2001 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2002 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2003 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2004 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2005 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2006 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2007 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2008 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2009 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2010 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2011 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2012 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2013 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2014 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2015 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2016 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2017 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2018 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2019 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2020 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2021 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2022 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2023 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Texas_Southern_Tigers_football_team" title="2024 Texas Southern Tigers football team">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Defunct_ballparks_in_Major_League_Baseball" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defunct_MLB_Ballparks" title="Template:Defunct MLB Ballparks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defunct_MLB_Ballparks" title="Template talk:Defunct MLB Ballparks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct_MLB_Ballparks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct MLB Ballparks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_ballparks_in_Major_League_Baseball" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct ballparks in Major League Baseball</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_Grounds" title="23rd Street Grounds">23rd Street Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Park" title="American League Park">American League Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Stadium" title="Arlington Stadium">Arlington Stadium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Grounds" title="Avenue Grounds">Avenue Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Bowl" title="Baker Bowl">Baker Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Park_(Detroit)" title="Bennett Park (Detroit)">Bennett Park (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borchert_Field" title="Borchert Field">Borchert Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Field" title="Boundary Field">Boundary Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braves_Field" title="Braves Field">Braves Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Grounds" title="Bruce Grounds">Bruce Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burns_Park_(Detroit)" title="Burns Park (Detroit)">Burns Park (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Stadium" title="Choctaw Stadium">Choctaw Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Stadium" title="Cleveland Stadium">Cleveland Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Stadium" title="Colt Stadium">Colt Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Park" title="Columbia Park">Columbia Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosley_Field" title="Crosley Field">Crosley Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Park" title="Eastern Park">Eastern Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Stadium" title="Exhibition Stadium">Exhibition Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Park_(Pittsburgh)" title="Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)">Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field" title="Forbes Field">Forbes Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Stadium" title="Griffith Stadium">Griffith Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Stadium" title="Hard Rock Stadium">Hard Rock Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Park" title="Hilltop Park">Hilltop Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bithorn_Stadium" title="Hiram Bithorn Stadium">Hiram Bithorn Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Avenue_Grounds" title="Huntington Avenue Grounds">Huntington Avenue Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Park" title="Indianapolis Park">Indianapolis Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarry_Park_Stadium" title="Jarry Park Stadium">Jarry Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdome" title="Kingdome">Kingdome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park" title="League Park">League Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park_(Cincinnati)" title="League Park (Cincinnati)">League Park (Cincinnati)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Street_Grounds" title="Lloyd Street Grounds">Lloyd Street Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)">Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Stadium" title="Metropolitan Stadium">Metropolitan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_High_Stadium" title="Mile High Stadium">Mile High Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_County_Stadium" title="Milwaukee County Stadium">Milwaukee County Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)">Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell_Park" title="Newell Park">Newell Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Park_(Jersey_City,_New_Jersey)" title="Oakland Park (Jersey City, New Jersey)">Oakland Park (Jersey City, New Jersey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium (Montreal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriole_Park" title="Oriole Park">Oriole Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriole_Park_(V)" title="Oriole Park (V)">Oriole Park (V)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Fans" title="Palace of the Fans">Palace of the Fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_Grounds" title="Polo Grounds">Polo Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_Park_(Pittsburgh)" title="Recreation Park (Pittsburgh)">Recreation Park (Pittsburgh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Stadium" title="Riverfront Stadium">Riverfront Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robison_Field" title="Robison Field">Robison Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Stadium" title="Roosevelt Stadium">Roosevelt Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahlen_Field" title="Sahlen Field">Sahlen Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Stadium" title="San Diego Stadium">San Diego Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seals_Stadium" title="Seals Stadium">Seals Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibe_Park" title="Shibe Park">Shibe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick%27s_Stadium" title="Sick's Stadium">Sick's Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_End_Grounds" title="South End Grounds">South End Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Side_Park" title="South Side Park">South Side Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Sportsman's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Park" title="Star Park">Star Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Stadium" title="Three Rivers Stadium">Three Rivers Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Tiger Stadium (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Park" title="Tinker Park">Tinker Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Field" title="Turner Field">Turner Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Stadium" title="Veterans Stadium">Veterans Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(baseball)" title="Washington Park (baseball)">Washington Park (baseball)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Park" title="West Side Park">West Side Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field_(Los_Angeles)" title="Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)">Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium (1923)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_stadiums_of_the_National_Football_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defunct_NFL_stadiums" title="Template:Defunct NFL stadiums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defunct_NFL_stadiums" title="Template talk:Defunct NFL stadiums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct_NFL_stadiums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Defunct NFL stadiums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_stadiums_of_the_National_Football_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former stadiums of the National Football League</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early era:<br /><a href="/wiki/1920_APFA_season" title="1920 APFA season">1920</a>–<a href="/wiki/1940_NFL_season" title="1940 NFL season">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_Park_(Akron)" title="League Park (Akron)">League Park (Akron)</a> (Akron Pros)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Park" title="Armory Park">Armory Park</a> (Toledo Maroons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Bowl" title="Baker Bowl">Baker Bowl</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Park_(stadium)" title="Bellevue Park (stadium)">Bellevue Park</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offermann_Stadium" title="Offermann Stadium">Bison Stadium</a> (Buffalo Bison/Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borchert_Field" title="Borchert Field">Borchert Field</a> (Milwaukee Badgers, Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosse_Field" title="Bosse Field">Bosse Field</a> (Evansville Crimson Giants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braves_Field" title="Braves Field">Braves Field</a> (Boston Braves, Boston Yanks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Baseball_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Baseball Park">Buffalo Baseball Park</a> (Buffalo All-Americans)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Field" title="League Field">League Field (Canton)</a> (Canton Bulldogs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Stadium_(Green_Bay)" title="City Stadium (Green Bay)">City Stadium</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_G._Bulkeley_Stadium" title="Morgan G. Bulkeley Stadium">Clarkin Field</a> (Hartford Blues)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Stadium" title="Cleveland Stadium">Cleveland Stadium</a> (Cleveland Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a> (Chicago Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Field" title="Commercial Field">Commercial Field</a> (New York Brickley Giants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosley_Field" title="Crosley Field">Crosley Field</a> (Cincinnati Reds)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Cubs Park/Wrigley Field</a> (Chicago Tigers, Hammond Pros, Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycledrome" title="Cycledrome">Cycledrome</a> (Providence Steam Roller)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Stadium" title="University of Detroit Stadium">Dinan Field</a> (Detroit Wolverines, Detroit Lions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Park_(Rock_Island)" title="Douglas Park (Rock Island)">Douglas Park</a> (Rock Island Independents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_Park_(Duluth)" title="Athletic Park (Duluth)">Duluth's Athletic Park</a> (Duluth Kelleys/Eskimos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hartford_Velodrome" title="East Hartford Velodrome">East Hartford Velodrome</a> (Hartford Blues)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a> (New York Brickley Giants, Brooklyn Lions, Brooklyn Dodgers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Park" title="Eclipse Park">Eclipse Park</a> (Louisville Breckenridges)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a> (Boston Braves, Boston Yanks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field" title="Forbes Field">Forbes Field</a> (Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankford_Stadium" title="Frankford Stadium">Frankford Stadium</a> (Frankford Yellow Jackets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Stadium" title="Griffith Stadium">Griffith Stadium</a> (Washington)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagemeister_Park" title="Hagemeister Park">Hagemeister Park</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horlick_Field" title="Horlick Field">Horlick Field</a> (Racine Legion, Racine Tornadoes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsley_Park" title="Kinsley Park">Kinsley Park</a> (Providence Steam Roller)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus_Stadium" title="Knights of Columbus Stadium">Knights of Columbus Stadium</a> (Orange Tornadoes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Park_(Canton,_Ohio)" title="Lakeside Park (Canton, Ohio)">Lakeside Park</a> (Canton Bulldogs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park" title="League Park">League Park</a> (Cleveland Tigers, Indians/Bulldogs, Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Park" title="Lexington Park">Lexington Park</a> (Minneapolis Marines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Park,_Cleveland" title="Luna Park, Cleveland">Luna Park</a> (Cleveland Panthers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minersville_Park" title="Minersville Park">Minersville Park</a> (Pottsville Maroons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)">Muehlebach Field</a> (Kansas City Blues/Cowboys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Field" title="Nash Field">Nash Field</a> (Kenosha Maroons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Navin Field/Briggs Stadium</a> (Detroit Heralds/Tigers, Panthers, Lions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Park_(Columbus,_Ohio)" title="Neil Park (Columbus, Ohio)">Neil Park</a> (Columbus Wagner Pirates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Schools_Stadium" title="Newark Schools Stadium">Newark Schools Stadium</a> (Newark Tornadoes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Velodrome" title="Newark Velodrome">Newark Velodrome</a> (Newark Tornadoes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickerson_Field" title="Nickerson Field">Nickerson Field</a> (Boston Braves)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicollet_Park" title="Nicollet Park">Nicollet Park</a> (Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_Park" title="Normal Park">Normal Park</a> (Chicago Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Field" title="Parkway Field">Parkway Field</a> (Louisville Brecks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium_(Philadelphia)" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia Municipal Stadium</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_Grounds" title="Polo Grounds">Polo Grounds</a> (New York Giants, New York Brickley Giants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Stadium" title="Shaw Stadium">Shaw Stadium</a> (Cleveland Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibe_Park" title="Shibe Park">Shibe Park</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Municipal_Stadium" title="Spartan Municipal Stadium">Spartan Municipal Stadium</a> (Portsmouth Spartans)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Sportsman's Park</a> (St. Louis All-Stars, St. Louis Gunners)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staley_Field" title="Staley Field">Staley Field</a> (Decatur Staleys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Park" title="Star Park">Star Park</a> (<i>possible</i>, Syracuse Pros)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swayne_Field" title="Swayne Field">Swayne Field</a> (Toledo Maroons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Stadium_(Staten_Island)" title="Thompson Stadium (Staten Island)">Thompson Stadium</a> (Staten Islands Stapletons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Park_(Dayton)" title="Triangle Park (Dayton)">Triangle Park</a> (Dayton Triangles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Mile" title="Milwaukee Mile">Wisconsin State Fair Park</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium I</a> (New York Yankees, New York Giants)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-War and<br />Pre-Merger era:<br /><a href="/wiki/1941_NFL_season" title="1941 NFL season">1941</a>–<a href="/wiki/1969_NFL_season" title="1969 NFL season">1969</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Stadium" title="Alumni Stadium">Alumni Stadium</a> (Boston Patriots)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a> (Houston Oilers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a> (Atlanta Falcons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Stadium" title="Balboa Stadium">Balboa Stadium</a> (San Diego Chargers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Memorial_Stadium" title="Baltimore Memorial Stadium">Baltimore Memorial Stadium</a> (Baltimore Colts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_High_Stadium" title="Mile High Stadium">Bears Stadium/Mile High Stadium</a> (Denver Broncos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Briggs Stadium/Tiger Stadium</a> (Detroit Lions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Park" title="Sportsman's Park">Busch Stadium</a> (St. Louis Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a> (St. Louis Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Stadium" title="Cleveland Stadium">Cleveland Stadium</a> (Cleveland Browns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a> (Chicago Cardinals, Card-Pitt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibe_Park" title="Shibe Park">Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium</a> (Philadelphia Eagles, Phil-Pitt Steagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Bowl_(stadium)" title="Cotton Bowl (stadium)">Cotton Bowl</a> (Dallas Texans, Dallas Cowboys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">District of Columbia Stadium/RFK Memorial Stadium</a> (Washington Redskins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Field_(stadium)" title="Ryan Field (stadium)">Dyche Stadium</a> (Chicago Bears)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbets_Field" title="Ebbets Field">Ebbets Field</a> (Brooklyn Dodgers/Tigers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a> (Boston Yanks, Boston Patriots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Field" title="Forbes Field">Forbes Field</a> (Pittsburgh Steelers, Phil-Pitt Steagles, Card-Pitt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Youell_Field" title="Frank Youell Field">Frank Youell Field</a> (Oakland Raiders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Field" title="Franklin Field">Franklin Field</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Stadium" title="Griffith Stadium">Griffith Stadium</a> (Washington Redskins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Stadium" title="Harvard Stadium">Harvard Stadium</a> (Boston Patriots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Stadium" title="Robertson Stadium">Jeppesen Stadium</a> (Houston Oilers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)">Kansas City Municipal Stadium</a> (Kansas City Chiefs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezar_Stadium" title="Kezar Stadium">Kezar Stadium</a> (San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park" title="League Park">League Park</a> (Cleveland Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Stadium" title="Metropolitan Stadium">Metropolitan Stadium</a> (Minnesota Vikings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Orange_Bowl" title="Miami Orange Bowl">Miami Orange Bowl</a> (Miami Dolphins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_County_Stadium" title="Milwaukee County Stadium">Milwaukee County Stadium</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickerson_Field" title="Nickerson Field">Nickerson Field</a> (Boston Patriots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippert_Stadium" title="Nippert Stadium">Nippert Stadium</a> (Cincinnati Bengals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum</a> (Oakland Raiders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium_(Philadelphia)" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia Municipal Stadium</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_Stadium" title="Pitt Stadium">Pitt Stadium</a> (Pittsburgh Steelers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_Grounds" title="Polo Grounds">Polo Grounds</a> (New York Giants, New York Bulldogs, New York Titans/Jets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a> (Houston Oilers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Stadium" title="Riverfront Stadium">Riverfront Stadium</a> (Cincinnati Bengals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Stadium" title="San Diego Stadium">San Diego Stadium</a> (San Diego Chargers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a> (New York Jets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_Stadium" title="Tulane Stadium">Tulane Stadium</a> (New Orleans Saints)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Stadium_(Buffalo,_New_York)" title="War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo, New York)">War Memorial Stadium</a> (Buffalo Bills)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Mile" title="Milwaukee Mile">Wisconsin State Fair Park</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a> (Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium I</a> (New York Yanks, New York Giants)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current era:<br /><a href="/wiki/1970_NFL_season" title="1970 NFL season">1970</a>–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Stadium" title="Angel Stadium">Anaheim Stadium</a> (Los Angeles Rams)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a> (Houston Oilers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a> (Atlanta Falcons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Memorial_Stadium" title="Baltimore Memorial Stadium">Baltimore Memorial Stadium</a> (Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Ravens)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busch_Memorial_Stadium" title="Busch Memorial Stadium">Busch Memorial Stadium</a> (St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a> (San Francisco 49ers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Stadium" title="Cleveland Stadium">Cleveland Stadium</a> (Cleveland Browns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Bowl_(stadium)" title="Cotton Bowl (stadium)">Cotton Bowl</a> (Dallas Cowboys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dome_at_America%27s_Center" title="The Dome at America's Center">The Dome at America's Center</a> (St. Louis Rams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxboro_Stadium" title="Foxboro Stadium">Foxboro Stadium</a> (New England Patriots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> (Atlanta Falcons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> (New York Giants, New York Jets)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a> (Minnesota Vikings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Stadium_(Kansas_City,_Missouri)" title="Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)">Kansas City Municipal Stadium</a> (Kansas City Chiefs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdome" title="Kingdome">Kingdome</a> (Seattle Seahawks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Raiders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Stadium" title="Metropolitan Stadium">Metropolitan Stadium</a> (Minnesota Vikings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Orange_Bowl" title="Miami Orange Bowl">Miami Orange Bowl</a> (Miami Dolphins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_High_Stadium" title="Mile High Stadium">Mile High Stadium</a> (Denver Broncos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_County_Stadium" title="Milwaukee County Stadium">Milwaukee County Stadium</a> (Green Bay Packers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum</a> (Oakland Raiders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Dome" title="RCA Dome">RCA Dome</a> (Indianapolis Colts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Stadium" title="Riverfront Stadium">Riverfront Stadium</a> (Cincinnati Bengals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a> (Washington Redskins)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Stadium" title="San Diego Stadium">San Diego Stadium</a> (San Diego Chargers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a> (New York Jets, New York Giants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Silverdome</a> (Detroit Lions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Devil_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Devil Stadium">Sun Devil Stadium</a> (Arizona Cardinals)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Stadium" title="Tampa Stadium">Tampa Stadium</a> (Tampa Bay Buccaneers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> (Dallas Cowboys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Stadium" title="Three Rivers Stadium">Three Rivers Stadium</a> (Pittsburgh Steelers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Tiger Stadium</a> (Detroit Lions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_Stadium" title="Tulane Stadium">Tulane Stadium</a> (New Orleans Saints)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Stadium" title="Veterans Stadium">Veterans Stadium</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Stadium_(Buffalo,_New_York)" title="War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo, New York)">War Memorial Stadium</a> (Buffalo Bills)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium I</a> (New York Giants)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadiums<br />used by<br />NFL teams<br />temporarily</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamodome" title="Alamodome">Alamodome</a> (New Orleans Saints)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Stadium" title="Chicago Stadium">Chicago Stadium</a> (Chicago Bears)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(University_of_Illinois)" title="Memorial Stadium (University of Illinois)">Champaign Memorial Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a>)<small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(Clemson)" title="Memorial Stadium (Clemson)">Clemson Memorial Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carolina_Panthers" title="Carolina Panthers">Carolina Panthers</a>)<small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Health_Sports_Park" title="Dignity Health Sports Park">Dignity Health Sports Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a>)<small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankford_High_School" title="Frankford High School">Frankford High School's Community Memorial Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankford_Yellow_Jackets" title="Frankford Yellow Jackets">Frankford Yellow Jackets</a>)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a>)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Dodd_Stadium" title="Bobby Dodd Stadium">Grant Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husky_Stadium" title="Husky Stadium">Husky Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a>)<small>1</small><small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_Bank_Liberty_Stadium" title="Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium">Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Oilers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Houston Oilers">Tennessee Oilers</a>)<small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Louisiana)" title="Tiger Stadium (Louisiana)">LSU Tiger Stadium</a> (New Orleans Saints)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_Stadium" title="Marquette Stadium">Marquette Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium_(Philadelphia)" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia Municipal Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a>)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibe_Park" title="Shibe Park">Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium</a> (Philadelphia Eagles)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Stadium" title="Stanford Stadium">Stanford Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a>)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Bank_Stadium" title="Huntington Bank Stadium">Huntington Bank Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota Vikings</a>)<small>1</small><small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(University_of_Minnesota)" title="Memorial Stadium (University of Minnesota)">University of Minnesota Memorial Stadium</a> (Minnesota Vikings)<small>1</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilt Stadium">Vanderbilt Stadium</a> (Tennessee Titans)<small>†</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Bowl" title="Yale Bowl">Yale Bowl</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a>)<small>†</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/16px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/24px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/16px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/24px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/32px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></li></ul> <p>†= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time <br />1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage. </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AMA_Supercross_Championship_venues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AMA_Supercross_venues" title="Template:AMA Supercross venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMA_Supercross_venues" title="Template talk:AMA Supercross venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMA_Supercross_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMA Supercross venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AMA_Supercross_Championship_venues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AMA_Supercross_Championship" title="AMA Supercross Championship">AMA Supercross Championship</a> venues</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current<br />(2024)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Stadium_of_Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Stadium of Anaheim">Angel Stadium of Anaheim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Motor_Speedway" title="Atlanta Motor Speedway">Atlanta Motor Speedway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Georgia" title="Hampton, Georgia">Hampton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Stadium" title="AT&T Stadium">AT&T Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broncos_Stadium_at_Mile_High" class="mw-redirect" title="Broncos Stadium at Mile High">Empower Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_World_Stadium" title="Camping World Stadium">Camping World Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytona_International_Speedway" title="Daytona International Speedway">Daytona International Speedway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daytona_Beach,_Florida" title="Daytona Beach, Florida">Daytona Beach</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_at_America%27s_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dome at America's Center">Dome at America's Center</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillette_Stadium" title="Gillette Stadium">Gillette Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Financial_Field" title="Lincoln Financial Field">Lincoln Financial Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Stadium" title="Lucas Oil Stadium">Lucas Oil Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Field" title="Lumen Field">Lumen Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Stadium" title="Nissan Stadium">Nissan Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Park" title="Oracle Park">Oracle Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_Stadium" title="Protective Stadium">Protective Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice-Eccles_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice-Eccles Stadium">Rice-Eccles Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapdragon_Stadium" title="Snapdragon Stadium">Snapdragon Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Farm_Stadium" title="State Farm Stadium">State Farm Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEFCU_Stadium" title="CEFCU Stadium">CEFCU Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Motor_Speedway" title="Charlotte Motor Speedway">Charlotte Motor Speedway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Field" title="Chase Field">Chase Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EverBank_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="EverBank Field">EverBank Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Stadium" title="Tampa Stadium">Tampa Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdome" title="Kingdome">Kingdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Superdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz Superdome">Mercedes-Benz Superdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium" title="Levi's Stadium">Levi's Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDCCU_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="SDCCU Stadium">SDCCU Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Dome" title="RCA Dome">RCA Dome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Centre" title="Rogers Centre">Rogers Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_66_Raceway" title="Route 66 Raceway">Route 66 Raceway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Boyd_Stadium" title="Sam Boyd Stadium">Sam Boyd Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whitney,_Nevada" title="Whitney, Nevada">Whitney</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_America_Stadium" title="Mountain America Stadium">Mountain America Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona" title="Tempe, Arizona">Tempe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stadium" title="Texas Stadium">Texas Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_Central_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Central Coliseum">Ring Central Coliseum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petco_Park" title="Petco Park">Petco Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_James_Stadium" title="Raymond James Stadium">Raymond James Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Bank_Stadium" title="U.S. Bank Stadium">U.S. Bank Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indoor_stadiums_of_the_National_Football_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NFL_indoor_venues" title="Template:NFL indoor venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NFL_indoor_venues" title="Template talk:NFL indoor venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NFL_indoor_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NFL indoor venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indoor_stadiums_of_the_National_Football_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_home_stadiums_for_current_National_Football_League_teams" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teams">Indoor stadiums of the National Football League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiant_Stadium" title="Allegiant Stadium">Allegiant Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Raiders" title="Las Vegas Raiders">Las Vegas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Superdome" title="Caesars Superdome">Caesars Superdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoFi_Stadium" title="SoFi Stadium">SoFi Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">LA Chargers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">LA Rams</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Bank_Stadium" title="U.S. Bank Stadium">U.S. Bank Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retractable_roof" title="Retractable roof">Retractable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Stadium" title="AT&T Stadium">AT&T Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Stadium" title="Lucas Oil Stadium">Lucas Oil Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Stadium" title="Mercedes-Benz Stadium">Mercedes-Benz Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Farm_Stadium" title="State Farm Stadium">State Farm Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">Arizona</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_National_Football_League_venues" title="Category:Defunct National Football League venues">Defunct</a> venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astrodome</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Oilers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Houston Oilers">Houston</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dome_at_America%27s_Center" title="The Dome at America's Center">The Dome at America's Center</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Rams" title="St. Louis Rams">St. Louis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdome" title="Kingdome">Kingdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Dome" title="RCA Dome">RCA Dome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Temporary venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamodome" title="Alamodome">Alamodome</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Centre" title="Rogers Centre">Rogers Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears_Stadium" title="Chicago Bears Stadium">Chicago Bears Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Venues_of_the_Republican_National_Convention" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republican_National_Convention_venues" title="Template:Republican National Convention venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republican_National_Convention_venues" title="Template talk:Republican National Convention venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republican_National_Convention_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republican National Convention venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Venues_of_the_Republican_National_Convention" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republican_National_Conventions" title="List of Republican National Conventions">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1800s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_Fund_Hall" title="Musical Fund Hall">Musical Fund Hall</a> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam_(Chicago)" title="Wigwam (Chicago)">Wigwam</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Street_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Street Theater (page does not exist)">Front Street Theater</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby%27s_Opera_House" title="Crosby's Opera House">Crosby's Opera House</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Music_(Philadelphia)" title="Academy of Music (Philadelphia)">Academy of Music</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Hall_(Cincinnati)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposition Hall (Cincinnati)">Exposition Hall (Cincinnati)</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Exposition_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Exposition Building">Interstate Exposition Building</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exposition_Hall_(Chicago)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exposition Hall (Chicago) (page does not exist)">Exposition Hall (Chicago)</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Theatre" title="Auditorium Theatre">Auditorium Theatre</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Exposition_Building" title="Industrial Exposition Building">Industrial Exposition Building</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Exposition_and_Music_Hall" title="St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall">St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall</a> (1896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention_Hall_and_Civic_Center" title="Philadelphia Convention Hall and Civic Center">Convention Hall</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Auditorium" title="Public Auditorium">Public Auditorium</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Hall" title="Convention Hall">Convention Hall</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Stadium" title="Chicago Stadium">Chicago Stadium</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Auditorium" title="Public Auditorium">Public Auditorium</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention_Hall_and_Civic_Center" title="Philadelphia Convention Hall and Civic Center">Convention Hall</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Stadium" title="Chicago Stadium">Chicago Stadium</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention_Hall_and_Civic_Center" title="Philadelphia Convention Hall and Civic Center">Convention Hall</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Amphitheatre" title="International Amphitheatre">International Amphitheatre</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_Palace" title="Cow Palace">Cow Palace</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Amphitheatre" title="International Amphitheatre">International Amphitheatre</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_Palace" title="Cow Palace">Cow Palace</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach_Convention_Center" title="Miami Beach Convention Center">Miami Beach Convention Center</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach_Convention_Center" title="Miami Beach Convention Center">Miami Beach Convention Center</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemper Arena">Kemper Arena</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis_Arena" title="Joe Louis Arena">Joe Louis Arena</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Convention Center">Dallas Convention Center</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Superdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz Superdome">Louisiana Superdome</a> (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston Astrodome</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Convention_Center" title="San Diego Convention Center">San Diego Convention Center</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Center_(Philadelphia)" title="Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia)">First Union Center</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy_Center" title="Xcel Energy Center">Xcel Energy Center</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalie_Arena" title="Amalie Arena">Tampa Bay Times Forum</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Mortgage_FieldHouse" title="Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse">Quicken Loans Arena</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Auditorium" title="Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium">Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Convention_Center" title="Charlotte Convention Center">Charlotte Convention Center</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiserv_Forum" title="Fiserv Forum">Fiserv Forum</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Geographic <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1025406#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20002492">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/345affff-645c-49ae-b4f4-0234e06f9044">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&oldid=1258709237">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&oldid=1258709237</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1965_establishments_in_Texas" title="Category:1965 establishments in Texas">1965 establishments in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_completed_in_1965" title="Category:Sports venues completed in 1965">Sports venues completed in 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_football_venues_in_Texas" title="Category:American football venues in Texas">American football venues in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_venues_in_Texas" title="Category:Baseball venues in Texas">Baseball venues in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multi-purpose_stadiums" title="Category:Multi-purpose stadiums">Multi-purpose stadiums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_college_baseball_venues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Defunct college baseball venues in the United States">Defunct college baseball venues in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_college_football_venues" title="Category:Defunct college football venues">Defunct college football venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_multi-purpose_stadiums_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Defunct multi-purpose stadiums in the United States">Defunct multi-purpose stadiums in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Covered_stadiums_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Covered stadiums in the United States">Covered stadiums in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_Major_League_Baseball_venues" title="Category:Defunct Major League Baseball venues">Defunct Major League Baseball venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_National_Football_League_venues" title="Category:Defunct National Football League venues">Defunct National Football League venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_soccer_venues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Defunct soccer venues in the United States">Defunct soccer venues in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Football_League_venues" title="Category:American Football League venues">American Football League venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Houston" title="Category:History of Houston">History of Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Astros" title="Category:Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Astros_stadiums" title="Category:Houston Astros stadiums">Houston Astros stadiums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Gamblers_stadiums" title="Category:Houston Gamblers stadiums">Houston Gamblers stadiums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Rockets" title="Category:Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Katrina_disaster_relief" title="Category:Hurricane Katrina disaster relief">Hurricane Katrina disaster relief</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_NCAA_bowl_game_venues" title="Category:Defunct NCAA bowl game venues">Defunct NCAA bowl game venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Cougars_baseball_venues" title="Category:Houston Cougars baseball venues">Houston Cougars baseball venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_football_venues_in_Houston" title="Category:American football venues in Houston">American football venues in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Cougars_football_venues" title="Category:Houston Cougars football venues">Houston Cougars football venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houston_Oilers_stadiums" title="Category:Houston Oilers stadiums">Houston Oilers stadiums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" title="Category:Texas Southern Tigers football">Texas Southern Tigers football</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Football_League_venues" title="Category:United States Football League venues">United States Football League venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rodeo_venues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Rodeo venues in the United States">Rodeo venues in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Football_League_venues" title="Category:World Football League venues">World Football League venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_Texas" title="Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Texas">Historic American Engineering Record in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_American_Soccer_League_(1968%E2%80%931984)_stadiums" title="Category:North American Soccer League (1968–1984) stadiums">North American Soccer League (1968–1984) stadiums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_sports_venues_in_Texas" title="Category:Defunct sports venues in Texas">Defunct sports venues in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Houston" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in Houston">National Register of Historic Places in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Texas" title="Category:Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas">Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_venues_in_Houston" title="Category:Baseball venues in Houston">Baseball venues in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soccer_venues_in_Houston" title="Category:Soccer venues in Houston">Soccer venues in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wrestling_venues_in_Houston" title="Category:Wrestling venues in Houston">Wrestling venues in Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_NBA_venues" title="Category:Former NBA venues">Former NBA venues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2008_disestablishments_in_Texas" title="Category:2008 disestablishments in Texas">2008 disestablishments in Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_covered_stadiums" title="Category:Defunct covered stadiums">Defunct covered stadiums</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2021">Articles with dead external links from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2020">Use mdy dates from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 04:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astrodome&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-fdkd4","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_0869038af0803fd76e5be8e1c01848a98e3fa731":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1025406","properties":{"title":"Astrodome","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1025406","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Astrodome"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-95.40777777777778,29.685],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"Astrodome","marker-color":"#5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.663","walltime":"2.004","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19411,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":517205,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24907,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":438571,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1575.451 1 -total"," 31.89% 502.479 3 Template:Infobox"," 27.42% 431.960 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.22% 365.879 1 Template:Infobox_venue"," 13.87% 218.527 15 Template:Navbox"," 11.33% 178.509 47 Template:Cite_web"," 8.82% 138.979 7 Template:Succession_box"," 7.80% 122.822 33 Template:Cite_news"," 7.33% 115.498 40 Template:Main_other"," 6.95% 109.539 1 Template:Infobox_NRHP"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.871","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13409320,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-92q8v","timestamp":"20241203195739","ttl":2433751,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Astrodome","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astrodome","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1025406","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1025406","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-21T00:58:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T04:33:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/06\/Reliant_Astrodome_in_January_2014.jpg","headline":"historic place in Houston, Harris County, Texas"}</script> </body> </html>