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id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Annexes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Annexes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Réalisme (arts)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 71 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunste)" title="Realisme (kunste) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Realisme (kunste)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(Kunst)" title="Realismus (Kunst) – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Realismus (Kunst)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%86)" title="واقعية (فن) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واقعية (فن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الواقعيه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الواقعيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t)" title="Realizm (incəsənət) – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Realizm (incəsənət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Реализъм – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE)" title="বাস্তবতাবাদ (শিল্পকলা) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাস্তবতাবাদ (শিল্পকলা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme" title="Realisme – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Realisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD)" title="Realismus (umění) – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Realismus (umění)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85)" title="Реализм (илемлĕх) – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Реализм (илемлĕх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realaeth_(celf)" title="Realaeth (celf) – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Realaeth (celf)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunst)" title="Realisme (kunst) – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Realisme (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(Kunst)" title="Realismus (Kunst) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Realismus (Kunst)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(inus_kopokitanan)" title="Realisme (inus kopokitanan) – dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Realisme (inus kopokitanan)" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ρεαλισμός – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρεαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Realism (arts)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_(arto)" title="Realismo (arto) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Realismo (arto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_art%C3%ADstico" title="Realismo artístico – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Realismo artístico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(kunst)" title="Realism (kunst) – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Realism (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errealismo_artistiko" title="Errealismo artistiko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errealismo artistiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="واقع‌گرایی (هنر) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واقع‌گرایی (هنر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismi_(taide)" title="Realismi (taide) – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Realismi (taide)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(keunststreaming)" title="Realisme (keunststreaming) – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Realisme (keunststreaming)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alachas" title="Réalachas – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réalachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="ריאליזם (אמנות) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריאליזם (אמנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE)" title="यथार्थवाद (कला) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यथार्थवाद (कला)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost) – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmus_(m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet)" title="Realizmus (művészet) – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Realizmus (művészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF)" title="Ռեալիզմ (արվեստ) – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեալիզմ (արվեստ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(seni_rupa)" title="Realisme (seni rupa) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Realisme (seni rupa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo_(arte)" title="Realismo (arte) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Realismo (arte)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%99%E5%AE%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="写実主義 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="写実主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რეალიზმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Реализм (өнер) – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реализм (өнер)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사실주의 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사실주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Реализм – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Реализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismus_(artes)" title="Realismus (artes) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Realismus (artes)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism" title="Realism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Realism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmas_(menas)" title="Realizmas (menas) – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Realizmas (menas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%81lisms" title="Reālisms – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Реализам (уметност) – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реализам (уметност)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="യഥാതഥ്യപ്രസ്ഥാനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യഥാതഥ്യപ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme" title="Realisme – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Realisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="رئالیسم (هنر) – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رئالیسم (هنر)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="यथार्थवाद – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यथार्थवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunststroming)" title="Realisme (kunststroming) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Realisme (kunststroming)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismen" title="Realismen – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Realismen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realisme_(kunst)" title="Realisme (kunst) – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Realisme (kunst)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਯਥਾਰਥਵਾਦ (ਕਲਾ) – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਥਾਰਥਵਾਦ (ਕਲਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1)" title="رېښتينيزم (هنر) – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رېښتينيزم (هنر)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realismo" title="Realismo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Realismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(art%C4%83)" title="Realism (artă) – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Realism (artă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Реализм (искусство) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реализм (искусство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="فطرت نگاري – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فطرت نگاري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizam_(umetnost)" title="Realizam (umetnost) – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Realizam (umetnost)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizmus" title="Realizmus – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Realizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizem_(umetnost)" title="Realizem (umetnost) – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Realizem (umetnost)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Реализам (уметност) – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реализам (уметност)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(bildkonst)" title="Realism (bildkonst) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Realism (bildkonst)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88)" title="மெய்மையியம் (கலை) – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்மையியம் (கலை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ศิลปะสัจนิยม – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะสัจนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(sanat)" title="Realizm (sanat) – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Realizm (sanat)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Реалізм (мистецтво) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реалізм (мистецтво)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realizm_(san%CA%BCat)" title="Realizm (sanʼat) – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Realizm (sanʼat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_hi%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BB%B1c" title="Chủ nghĩa hiện thực – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa hiện thực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="现实主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="现实主义" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme" class="mw-disambig" title="Réalisme">Réalisme</a> et <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_(peinture)" title="Réalisme (peinture)">Réalisme (peinture)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:David_face.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/39px-David_face.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/58px-David_face.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/77px-David_face.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant l’<a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg/220px-Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg/330px-Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg/440px-Gustave_Courbet_031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Apr%C3%A8s-d%C3%AEn%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Ornans" title="L'Après-dînée à Ornans">L'Après-dînée à Ornans</a></i> (1849), <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_beaux-arts_de_Lille" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais des beaux-arts de Lille">palais des beaux-arts de Lille</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>réalisme</b> en arts plastiques est (pour le domaine francophone) un mouvement artistique né vers 1848 sous l'impulsion de <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>. </p><p>Il s'oppose à la vision idéaliste de l'art bourgeois. Le réalisme dans les arts est la volonté de décrire les sujets <span class="citation">« en accord avec les règles séculaires et empiriques »</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup>, inspirée par <a href="/wiki/Descartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Descartes">Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> et <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Thomas Reid</a>. C'est un courant qui rassemble les artistes soucieux de « faire vrai » et de montrer le réel sans jamais l'idéaliser. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_de_Klaus_Herding[1]"><span id="Positions_de_Klaus_Herding.5B1.5D"></span>Positions de Klaus Herding<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Positions de Klaus Herding[1]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Positions de Klaus Herding[1]"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selon la lecture qu'en fait Gilbert Titeux<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> dans sa thèse <i>Au temps du brâme...</i> (2004), les quatre fondements théoriques du réalisme, issus de la <i>bataille réaliste</i> des années 1830-1870 en Europe, sont : </p> <ul><li><b>Objectivation picturale</b>, aussi complète que possible, (mimesis, conformité, choix du sujet, échelle, précision, moyens adéquats, maîtrise desdits moyens, performance),</li> <li><b>Innovation mimétique</b>, exprimant une nouvelle dimension du réel, par rapport à un état antérieur de l'art (ou à un autre art contemporain), (spatialisation, corporéité, perspective, échelonnement des couleurs...),</li> <li><b>Reflet d'un monde ordinaire ou même haïssable</b>, s'exprimant souvent au détriment d'une certaine brillance technique (celle de la peinture méticuleuse), (provocation, modification, abstraction),</li> <li><b>Réflexion conceptuelle</b>, sur l'essence de l'objet représenté (refus des objectivations différenciées).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/fr/12027837/klaus_herding/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Klaus Herding</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">data.bnf.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-26" data-sort-value="2022-03-26">26 mars 2022</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/fr/search?term=Gilbert+Titeux"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats pour "Gilbert Titeux"</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">data.bnf.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-26" data-sort-value="2022-03-26">26 mars 2022</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Annexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="2010"><cite class="italique">Realism/Anti-Realism in 20th-Century Literature</cite>, NL, Rodopi, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-420-3115-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-420-3115-9"><span class="nowrap">978-90-420-3115-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realism%2FAnti-Realism+in+20th-Century+Literature&rft.place=NL&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-420-3115-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9alisme+%28arts%29"></span></span>.</li> <li><span id="refMorris2003"></span><span class="ouvrage" id="Pam2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Morris,_Pam2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Morris, Pam, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Realism</cite>, Londres, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2003</time>, 186 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-415-22938-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-415-22938-3"><span class="nowrap">0-415-22938-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realism&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Pam&rft.aufirst=Morris%2C&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=186&rft.isbn=0-415-22938-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9alisme+%28arts%29"></span></span></span></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span id="refWatt1957"></span><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian1957"><span class="ouvrage" id="Watt,_Ian1957">Watt, Ian, <cite class="italique">The Rise of the Novel : Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding</cite>, Berkeley, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, <time>1957</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Novel+%3A+Studies+in+Defoe%2C+Richardson+and+Fielding&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.aulast=Ian&rft.aufirst=Watt%2C&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9alisme+%28arts%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="Shearer1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="West,_Shearer1996">West, Shearer, <cite class="italique">The Bullfinch Guide to Art</cite>, UK, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-8212-2137-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-8212-2137-X"><span class="nowrap">0-8212-2137-X</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bullfinch+Guide+to+Art&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+Plc&rft.aulast=Shearer&rft.aufirst=West%2C&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8212-2137-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9alisme+%28arts%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Herding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Herding (page inexistante)">Klaus Herding</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Herding" class="extiw" title="de:Klaus Herding"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand : « Klaus Herding »">(de)</span></a> (1939-2018), <i>Realismus als Widerspruch</i>, Frankfurt am Main, 1979 et 1984</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_(peinture)" title="Réalisme (peinture)">Réalisme (peinture)</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_(litt%C3%A9rature)" title="Réalisme (littérature)">Réalisme (littérature)</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(litt%C3%A9rature)" title="Naturalisme (littérature)">Naturalisme (littérature)</a> (1866-), <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre)" title="Naturalisme (théâtre)">Naturalisme (théâtre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9risme" title="Vérisme">Vérisme</a> (littérature, opéra, peinture, 1880-))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9or%C3%A9alisme_(art)" title="Néoréalisme (art)">Néoréalisme (art)</a> (littérature, etc.), <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9or%C3%A9alisme_(cin%C3%A9ma)" title="Néoréalisme (cinéma)">Néoréalisme (cinéma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_socialiste" title="Réalisme socialiste">Réalisme socialiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a> (1940-, peinture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperr%C3%A9alisme" title="Hyperréalisme">Hyperréalisme</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendu_photor%C3%A9aliste" title="Rendu photoréaliste">Rendu photoréaliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9alisme_(arts)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10857409?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T070996"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Art Online</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10857409?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/realism-art"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//realisme/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/r%C3%A9alisme/86007"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/realisme-art-grec/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10857409?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85111768">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565879705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph125044">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/realism.htm">« American literary realism at the Literary Movements »</a> sur<i>wsu.edu</i>.</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Arts" title="Portail des arts"><img alt="icône décorative" 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