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division.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: signed division."> <meta name="keywords" content="signed division."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="signed division."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 266</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: signed division.</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> Reversible Signed Division for Computing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Krishnaveni">D. Krishnaveni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Geetha%20Priya"> M. Geetha Priya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Applications of reversible logic gates in the design of complex integrated circuits provide power optimization.  This technique finds a great use in low power CMOS design, optical computing, quantum computing and nanotechnology. This paper proposes a reversible signed division circuit that can divide an n-bit signed dividend with an n-bit signed divisor using non-restoration division logic. The proposed design adequately addresses the ‘delay’ there by improving the efficiency of the circuit. An attempt is made to design a reversible signed division circuit. This paper provides a threshold to build more complex arithmetic systems using reversible logic, thus increasing the performance of computing systems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Low%20power%20CMOS" title="Low power CMOS">Low power CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20computing" title=" quantum computing"> quantum computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reversible%20logic%20gates" title=" reversible logic gates"> reversible logic gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shift%20register" title=" shift register"> shift register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signed%20division." title=" signed division. "> signed division. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/reversible-signed-division-for-computing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Compensated CIC-Hybrid Signed Digit Decimation Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vishal%20Awasthi">Vishal Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krishna%20Raj"> Krishna Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, firstly, we present the mathematical modeling of finite impulse response (FIR) filter and Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) filter for sampling rate reduction and then an extension of Canonical signed digit (CSD) based efficient structure is presented in framework using hybrid signed digit (HSD) arithmetic. CSD representation imposed a restriction that two non-zero CSD coefficient bits cannot acquire adjacent bit positions and therefore, represented structure is not economical in terms of speed, area and power consumption. The HSD based structure gives optimum performance in terms of area and speed with 37.02% passband droop compensation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multirate%20filtering" title="Multirate filtering">Multirate filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compensation%20theory" title=" compensation theory"> compensation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CIC%20filter" title=" CIC filter"> CIC filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=compensation%20filter" title=" compensation filter"> compensation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signed%20digit%20arithmetic" title=" signed digit arithmetic"> signed digit arithmetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=canonical%20signed%20digit." title=" canonical signed digit."> canonical signed digit.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/compensated-cic-hybrid-signed-digit-decimation-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1074</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> The Fallacy around Inserting Brackets to Evaluate Expressions Involving Multiplication and Division</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Manduth%20Ramchander">Manduth Ramchander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division can give rise to the fallacy that brackets can be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The aim of this article was to draw upon mathematical theory to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division and in particular in expressions where division precedes multiplication. In doing so, it demonstrates that the notion that two different answers are possible, when evaluating expressions involving multiplication and division, is indeed a false one. Searches conducted in a number of scholarly databases unearthed the rules to be applied when removing brackets from expressions, which revealed that consideration needs to be given to sign changes when brackets are removed. The rule pertaining to expressions involving multiplication and division was then extended upon, in its reverse format, to prove that brackets cannot be arbitrarily inserted into expressions involving multiplication and division. The application of the rule demonstrates that an expression involving multiplication and division can have only one correct answer. It is recommended that both the rule and its reverse be included in the curriculum, preferably at the juncture when manipulation with brackets is introduced.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brackets" title="Brackets">Brackets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiplication" title=" multiplication"> multiplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=division" title=" division"> division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=operations" title=" operations"> operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=order." title=" order. "> order. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/the-fallacy-around-inserting-brackets-to-evaluate-expressions-involving-multiplication-and-division" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Signed Approach for Mining Web Content Outliers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Poonkuzhali">G. Poonkuzhali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Thiagarajan"> K.Thiagarajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Sarukesi"> K.Sarukesi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.V.Uma"> G.V.Uma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of the Internet has brewed the revolution of information storage and retrieval. As most of the data in the web is unstructured, and contains a mix of text, video, audio etc, there is a need to mine information to cater to the specific needs of the users without loss of important hidden information. Thus developing user friendly and automated tools for providing relevant information quickly becomes a major challenge in web mining research. Most of the existing web mining algorithms have concentrated on finding frequent patterns while neglecting the less frequent ones that are likely to contain outlying data such as noise, irrelevant and redundant data. This paper mainly focuses on Signed approach and full word matching on the organized domain dictionary for mining web content outliers. This Signed approach gives the relevant web documents as well as outlying web documents. As the dictionary is organized based on the number of characters in a word, searching and retrieval of documents takes less time and less space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Outliers" title="Outliers">Outliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Relevant%20document" title=" Relevant document"> Relevant document</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=" title=""></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Signed%20Approach" title=" Signed Approach"> Signed Approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Web%20content%20mining" title=" Web content mining"> Web content mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Web%20documents.." title=" Web documents.."> Web documents..</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/signed-approach-for-mining-web-content-outliers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> A New Approach to Design an Efficient CIC Decimator Using Signed Digit Arithmetic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vishal%20Awasthi">Vishal Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krishna%20Raj"> Krishna Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Any digital processing performed on a signal with larger nyquist interval requires more computation than signal processing performed on smaller nyquist interval. The sampling rate alteration generates the unwanted effects in the system such as spectral aliasing and spectral imaging during signal processing. Multirate-multistage implementation of digital filter can result a significant computational saving than single rate filter designed for sample rate conversion. In this paper, we presented an efficient cascaded integrator comb (CIC) decimation filter that perform fast down sampling using signed digit adder algorithm with compensated frequency droop that arises due to aliasing effect during the decimation process. This proposed compensated CIC decimation filter structure with a hybrid signed digit (HSD) fast adder provide an improved performance in terms of down sampling speed by 65.15% than ripple carry adder (RCA) and reduced area and power by 57.5% and 0.01 % than signed digit (SD) adder algorithms respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sampling%20rate%20conversion" title="Sampling rate conversion">Sampling rate conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multirate%20Filtering" title=" Multirate Filtering"> Multirate Filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compensation%20Theory" title=" Compensation Theory"> Compensation Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decimation%20filter" title=" Decimation filter"> Decimation filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CIC%20filter" title=" CIC filter"> CIC filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Redundant%20signed%20digit%20arithmetic" title=" Redundant signed digit arithmetic"> Redundant signed digit arithmetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fast%20adders." title=" Fast adders."> Fast adders.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/a-new-approach-to-design-an-efficient-cic-decimator-using-signed-digit-arithmetic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4892</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Strategic Human Resources Management practice, “Are We There yet“? The Incorporation of a Human Resources Strategy within a University's Strategic Plan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eileen%20M.%20J.%20Knight">Eileen M. J. Knight</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study examines the structural and systematic processes of the Human Resources Division at The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago for evidence of incorporation of the University's 2012- 2017 Strategic Plan. In conducting the study the structure of the Human Resources Management Division and its functions were carefully reviewed and measured against the strategic direction of the organisation. Findings indicate disconnect between these areas as there is apparent failure of the Human Resources Division to totally align its mandate with that of the organisation-s strategic direction. This action serves to threaten the viability of the organisation and its efficiency and effectiveness as an institution. The recommendations being put forward are for the realignment of the Human Resources Management Division and for its focus to mirror that of the organisation and the organisation-s goals and objectives. This may entail a restructuring of the Division.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Commonwealth%20Caribbean" title="Commonwealth Caribbean">Commonwealth Caribbean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Realignment" title=" Realignment"> Realignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Region" title=" Region"> Region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strategic%20Plan." title=" Strategic Plan."> Strategic Plan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/strategic-human-resources-management-practice-are-we-there-yet-the-incorporation-of-a-human-resources-strategy-within-a-universitys-strategic-plan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1860</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> An Investigation on Efficient Spreading Codes for Transmitter Based Techniques to Mitigate MAI and ISI in TDD/CDMA Downlink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abhijit%20Mitra">Abhijit Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil"> C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We investigate efficient spreading codes for transmitter based techniques of code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The channel is considered to be known at the transmitter which is usual in a time division duplex (TDD) system where the channel is assumed to be the same on uplink and downlink. For such a TDD/CDMA system, both bitwise and blockwise multiuser transmission schemes are taken up where complexity is transferred to the transmitter side so that the receiver has minimum complexity. Different spreading codes are considered at the transmitter to spread the signal efficiently over the entire spectrum. The bit error rate (BER) curves portray the efficiency of the codes in presence of multiple access interference (MAI) as well as inter symbol interference (ISI).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Code%20division%20multiple%20access" title="Code division multiple access">Code division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20division%20duplex" title=" time division duplex"> time division duplex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transmitter%20technique" title="transmitter technique">transmitter technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=precoding" title=" precoding"> precoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pre-rake" title=" pre-rake"> pre-rake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rake" title=" rake"> rake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spreading%20code." title=" spreading code."> spreading code.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/an-investigation-on-efficient-spreading-codes-for-transmitter-based-techniques-to-mitigate-mai-and-isi-in-tddcdma-downlink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Performance Evaluation of the OCDM/WDM Technique for Optical Packet Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Eramo">V. Eramo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Piazzo"> L. Piazzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Listanti"> M. Listanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Germoni"> A. Germoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A%20Cianfrani"> A Cianfrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The performance of the Optical Code Division Multiplexing/ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM/OCDM) technique for Optical Packet Switch is investigated. The impact on the performance of the impairment due to both Multiple Access Interference and Beat noise is studied. The Packet Loss Probability due to output packet contentions is evaluated as a function of the main switch and traffic parameters when Gold coherent optical codes are adopted. The Packet Loss Probability of the OCDM/WDM switch can reach 10-9 when M=16 wavelengths, Gold code of length L=511 and only 24 wavelength converters are used in the switch.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optical%20code%20division%20multiplexing" title="Optical code division multiplexing">Optical code division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bufferless%20optical%20packet%20switch" title=" bufferless optical packet switch"> bufferless optical packet switch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20evaluation." title=" performance evaluation."> performance evaluation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/performance-evaluation-of-the-ocdmwdm-technique-for-optical-packet-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Willingness and Attitude Towards Organ Donation of Nurses in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Min-Chuan%20Huang">Min-Chuan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I-Ping%20Chen"> I-Ping Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shu-Ying%20Chung"> Shu-Ying Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Taking the medical staff in an emergency ward of a medical center in Central Taiwan as the research object, the questionnaire data were collected by anonymous and voluntary reporting methods with structured questionnaires to explore organ donation’s actual situation, willingness, and attitude. Only 80 valid questionnaires were gathered. Of the 8 questions, the correct mean rate was 5.9 and the correct rate was 73.13%. According to the statistics of organ donation survey, only 8.7% have signed the consent for organ donation, 21.3% are willing but have not yet signed the consent for organ donation, 62.5% have not yet decided, and 7.5% are unwilling. The average total score (standard deviation) of attitude towards organ donation was 36.2. There is no significant difference between the demographic variables and the awareness and willingness of organ donation, but there is a significant correlation between marital status and the attitude toward organ donation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=clinical%20psychology" title="clinical psychology">clinical psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organ%20donation" title=" organ donation"> organ donation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=factors%20affecting%20psychological%20disorders" title=" factors affecting psychological disorders"> factors affecting psychological disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/willingness-and-attitude-towards-organ-donation-of-nurses-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Impact of Weather Conditions on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing over Gamma Gamma Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Sameer%20Ahmed">Muhammad Sameer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piotr%20Remlein"> Piotr Remlein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tansal%20Gucluoglu"> Tansal Gucluoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The technique called as Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) used in the free space optical channel can be a good option for implementation free space optical communication systems. This technique has several strengths e.g. good spectral efficiency, low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), adaptability and low co-channel interference. In this paper, the impact of weather conditions such as haze, rain and fog on GFDM over the gamma-gamma channel model is discussed. A Trade off between link distance and system performance under intense weather conditions is also analysed. The symbol error probability (SEP) of GFDM over the gamma-gamma turbulence channel is derived and verified with the computer simulations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Free%20space%20optics" title="Free space optics">Free space optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20frequency%20division%0D%0Amultiplexing" title=" generalized frequency division multiplexing"> generalized frequency division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weather%20conditions" title=" weather conditions"> weather conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20distribution." title=" gamma gamma distribution."> gamma gamma distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/impact-of-weather-conditions-on-generalized-frequency-division-multiplexing-over-gamma-gamma-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Hardware Stream Cipher Based On LFSR and Modular Division Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deepthi%20P.P.">Deepthi P.P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.S.%20Sathidevi"> P.S. Sathidevi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Proposal for a secure stream cipher based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR) is presented here. In this method, shift register structure used for polynomial modular division is combined with LFSR keystream generator to yield a new keystream generator with much higher periodicity. Security is brought into this structure by using the Boolean function to combine state bits of the LFSR keystream generator and taking the output through the Boolean function. This introduces non-linearity and security into the structure in a way similar to the Non-linear filter generator. The security and throughput of the suggested stream cipher is found to be much greater than the known LFSR based structures for the same key length.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Linear%20Feedback%20Shift%20Register" title="Linear Feedback Shift Register">Linear Feedback Shift Register</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stream%20Cipher" title=" Stream Cipher"> Stream Cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Filter%20generator" title=" Filter generator"> Filter generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keystream%20generator" title=" Keystream generator"> Keystream generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modular%20division%20circuit" title=" Modular division circuit"> Modular division circuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/hardware-stream-cipher-based-on-lfsr-and-modular-division-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2726</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Cephalometric Changes of Patient with Class II Division 1 [Malocclusion] Post Orthodontic Treatment with Growth Stimulation: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pricillia%20Priska%20Sianita">Pricillia Priska Sianita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An aesthetic facial profile is one of the goals in Orthodontics treatment. However, this is not easily achieved, especially in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion who have the clinical characteristics of convex profile and significant skeletal discrepancy due to mandibular growth deficiency. Malocclusion with skeletal problems require proper treatment timing for growth stimulation, and it must be done in early age and in need of good cooperation from the patient. If this is not done and the patient has passed the growth period, the ideal treatment is orthognathic surgery which is more complicated and more painful. The growth stimulation of skeletal malocclusion requires a careful cephalometric evaluation ranging from diagnosis to determine the parts that require stimulation to post-treatment evaluation to see the success achieved through changes in the measurement of the skeletal parameters shown in the cephalometric analysis. This case report aims to describe skeletal changes cephalometrically that were achieved through orthodontic treatment in growing period. Material and method: Lateral Cephalograms, pre-treatment, and post-treatment of cases of Class II Division 1 malocclusion is selected from a collection of cephalometric radiographic in a private clinic. The Cephalogram is then traced and measured for the skeletal parameters. The result is noted as skeletal condition data of pre-treatment and post-treatment. Furthermore, superimposition is done to see the changes achieved. The results show that growth stimulation through orthodontic treatment can solve the skeletal problem of Class II Division 1 malocclusion and the skeletal changes that occur can be verified through cephalometric analysis. The skeletal changes have an impact on the improvement of patient's facial profile. To sum up, the treatment timing on a skeletal malocclusion is very important to obtain satisfactory results for the improvement of the aesthetic facial profile, and skeletal changes can be verified through cephalometric evaluation of pre- and post-treatment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cephalometric%20evaluation" title="Cephalometric evaluation">Cephalometric evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Class%20II%20Division%201%20malocclusion" title=" Class II Division 1 malocclusion"> Class II Division 1 malocclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=growth%20stimulation" title=" growth stimulation"> growth stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=skeletal%20changes" title=" skeletal changes"> skeletal changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=skeletal%20problems." title=" skeletal problems."> skeletal problems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/cephalometric-changes-of-patient-with-class-ii-division-1-malocclusion-post-orthodontic-treatment-with-growth-stimulation-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> More Realistic Model for Simulating Min Protein Dynamics: Lattice Boltzmann Method Incorporating the Role of Nucleoids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.Yojina">J.Yojina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Ngamsaad"> W. Ngamsaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Nuttavut"> N. Nuttavut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.Triampo"> D.Triampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Lenbury"> Y. Lenbury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Triampo"> W. Triampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Kanthang"> P. Kanthang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Sriyab"> S.Sriyab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamics of Min proteins plays a center role in accurate cell division. Although the nucleoids may presumably play an important role in prokaryotic cell division, there is a lack of models to account for its participation. In this work, we apply the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate protein oscillation based on a mesoscopic model that takes into account the nucleoid-s role. We found that our numerical results are in reasonably good agreement with the previous experimental results On comparing with the other computational models without the presence of nucleoids, the highlight of our finding is that the local densities of MinD and MinE on the cytoplasmic membrane increases, especially along the cell width, when the size of the obstacle increases, leading to a more distinct cap-like structure at the poles. This feature indicated the realistic pattern and reflected the combination of Min protein dynamics and nucleoid-s role. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cell%20division" title=" cell division"> cell division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minproteins%20oscillation" title=" Minproteins oscillation"> Minproteins oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nucleoid" title=" nucleoid"> nucleoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/more-realistic-model-for-simulating-min-protein-dynamics-lattice-boltzmann-method-incorporating-the-role-of-nucleoids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> A New IFO Estimation Scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We address a new integer frequency offset (IFO) estimation scheme with an aid of a pilot for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. After correlating each continual pilot with a predetermined scattered pilot, the correlation value is again correlated to alleviate the influence of the timing offset. From numerical results, it is demonstrated that the influence of the timing offset on the IFO estimation is significantly decreased.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Estimation" title="Estimation">Estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integer%20frequency%20offset" title=" integer frequency offset"> integer frequency offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=timing%0D%0Aoffset." title=" timing offset."> timing offset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/a-new-ifo-estimation-scheme-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1843</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Design and Performance Analysis of One Dimensional Zero Cross-Correlation Coding Technique for a Fixed Wavelength Hopping SAC-OCDMA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satyasen%20Panda">Satyasen Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Urmila%20Bhanja"> Urmila Bhanja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a SAC-OCDMA code with zero cross correlation property to minimize the Multiple Access Interface (MAI) as New Zero Cross Correlation code (NZCC), which is found to be more scalable compared to the other existing SAC-OCDMA codes. This NZCC code is constructed using address segment and data segment. In this work, the proposed NZCC code is implemented in an optical system using the Opti-System software for the spectral amplitude coded optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) scheme. The main contribution of the proposed NZCC code is the zero cross correlation, which reduces both the MAI and PIIN noises. The proposed NZCC code reveals properties of minimum cross-correlation, flexibility in selecting the code parameters and supports a large number of users, combined with high data rate and longer fiber length. Simulation results reveal that the optical code division multiple access system based on the proposed NZCC code accommodates maximum number of simultaneous users with higher data rate transmission, lower Bit Error Rates (BER) and longer travelling distance without any signal quality degradation, as compared to the former existing SAC-OCDMA codes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross%20Correlation" title="Cross Correlation">Cross Correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optical%20Code%20Division%20Multiple%20Access" title=" Optical Code Division Multiple Access"> Optical Code Division Multiple Access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectral%20Amplitude%20Coding%20Optical%20Code%20Division%20Multiple%20Access" title=" Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access"> Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20Access%20Interference" title=" Multiple Access Interference"> Multiple Access Interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20Induced%20Intensity%20Noise" title=" Phase Induced Intensity Noise"> Phase Induced Intensity Noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=New%20Zero%20Cross%20Correlation%20code." title=" New Zero Cross Correlation code."> New Zero Cross Correlation code.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/design-and-performance-analysis-of-one-dimensional-zero-cross-correlation-coding-technique-for-a-fixed-wavelength-hopping-sac-ocdma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> Design and Performance Improvement of Three-Dimensional Optical Code Division Multiple Access Networks with NAND Detection Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satyasen%20Panda">Satyasen Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Urmila%20Bhanja"> Urmila Bhanja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have presented and analyzed three-dimensional (3-D) matrices of wavelength/time/space code for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks with NAND subtraction detection technique. The 3-D codes are constructed by integrating a two-dimensional modified quadratic congruence (MQC) code with one-dimensional modified prime (MP) code. The respective encoders and decoders were designed using fiber Bragg gratings and optical delay lines to minimize the bit error rate (BER). The performance analysis of the 3D-OCDMA system is based on measurement of signal to noise ratio (SNR), BER and eye diagram for a different number of simultaneous users. Also, in the analysis, various types of noises and multiple access interference (MAI) effects were considered. The results obtained with NAND detection technique were compared with those obtained with OR and AND subtraction techniques. The comparison results proved that the NAND detection technique with 3-D MQC\MP code can accommodate more number of simultaneous users for longer distances of fiber with minimum BER as compared to OR and AND subtraction techniques. The received optical power is also measured at various levels of BER to analyze the effect of attenuation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross%20correlation" title="Cross correlation">Cross correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=three-dimensional%20optical%20code%20division%20multiple%20access" title=" three-dimensional optical code division multiple access"> three-dimensional optical code division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectral%20amplitude%20coding%20optical%20code%20division%20multiple%20access" title=" spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access"> spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20access%20interference" title=" multiple access interference"> multiple access interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phase%20induced%20intensity%20noise" title=" phase induced intensity noise"> phase induced intensity noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=three-dimensional%20modified%20quadratic%20congruence%2Fmodified%20prime%20code." title=" three-dimensional modified quadratic congruence/modified prime code."> three-dimensional modified quadratic congruence/modified prime code.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/design-and-performance-improvement-of-three-dimensional-optical-code-division-multiple-access-networks-with-nand-detection-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> Efficient Semi-Systolic Finite Field Multiplier Using Redundant Basis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyun-Ho%20Lee">Hyun-Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kee-Won%20Kim"> Kee-Won Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The arithmetic operations over GF(2m) have been extensively used in error correcting codes and public-key cryptography schemes. Finite field arithmetic includes addition, multiplication, division and inversion operations. Addition is very simple and can be implemented with an extremely simple circuit. The other operations are much more complex. The multiplication is the most important for cryptosystems, such as the elliptic curve cryptosystem, since computing exponentiation, division, and computing multiplicative inverse can be performed by computing multiplication iteratively. In this paper, we present a parallel computation algorithm that operates Montgomery multiplication over finite field using redundant basis. Also, based on the multiplication algorithm, we present an efficient semi-systolic multiplier over finite field. The multiplier has less space and time complexities compared to related multipliers. As compared to the corresponding existing structures, the multiplier saves at least 5% area, 50% time, and 53% area-time (AT) complexity. Accordingly, it is well suited for VLSI implementation and can be easily applied as a basic component for computing complex operations over finite field, such as inversion and division operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20field" title="Finite field">Finite field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Montgomery%20multiplication" title=" Montgomery multiplication"> Montgomery multiplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=systolic%20array" title=" systolic array"> systolic array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cryptography." title=" cryptography."> cryptography.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/efficient-semi-systolic-finite-field-multiplier-using-redundant-basis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> WDM and OCDMA Systems under MAI Effects: A Comparison Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hilal%20A.%20Fadhil">Hilal A. Fadhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanaa%20Hussein%20Abd"> Thanaa Hussein Abd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamza%20M.%20R.%20Al-Khafaji"> Hamza M. R. Al-Khafaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Aljunid"> S. A. Aljunid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparison between Spectrum- Sliced Wavelength Division Multiplexing (SS-WDM) and Spectrum Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC Optical CDMA) systems for different light sources. The performance of the system is shown in the simulated results of the bit error rate (BER) and the eye diagram of both systems. The comparison results indicate that the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) effects have a significant impact on SS-WDM over SAC Optical CDMA systems. Finally, in terms of spectral efficiency at constant BER of 10-12, SSWDM offers higher spectral efficiency than optical CDMA since no bandwidth expansion in needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WDM" title="WDM">WDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OCDMA" title=" OCDMA"> OCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RD%20code" title=" RD code"> RD code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/wdm-and-ocdma-systems-under-mai-effects-a-comparison-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> Low Frequency Multiple Divider Using Resonant Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chih%20Chin%20Yang">Chih Chin Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chih%20Yu%20Lee"> Chih Yu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jing%20Yi%20Wang"> Jing Yi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei%20Zhen%20Xue"> Mei Zhen Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia%20Yueh%20Wu"> Chia Yueh Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A well-defined frequency multiple dividing (FMD) circuit using a resonant model is presented in this research. The basic component of a frequency multiple divider as used in a resonant model is established by compositing a well-defined resonant effect of negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics which possesses a wider operational region and high operational current at a bias voltage of about 1.15 V. The resonant model is then applied in the frequency dividing circuit with the above division ratio (R<sub>D</sub>) of 200 at the signal input of middle frequency. The division ratio also exists at the input of a low frequency signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Divider" title="Divider">Divider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=frequency" title=" frequency"> frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=resonant%20model." title=" resonant model."> resonant model.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/low-frequency-multiple-divider-using-resonant-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> Adaptive Routing Protocol for Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fayez%20Mostafa%20Alhamoui">Fayez Mostafa Alhamoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Hadi%20Mahdi%20Al-%20Helali"> Adnan Hadi Mahdi Al- Helali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main issue in designing a wireless sensor network (WSN) is the finding of a proper routing protocol that complies with the several requirements of high reliability, short latency, scalability, low power consumption, and many others. This paper proposes a novel routing algorithm that complies with these design requirements. The new routing protocol divides the WSN into several subnetworks and each sub-network is divided into several clusters. This division is designed to reduce the number of radio transmission and hence decreases the power consumption. The network division may be changed dynamically to adapt with the network changes and allows the realization of the design requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="Wireless sensor networks">Wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=routing%20protocols" title=" routing protocols"> routing protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ad%20hoc%0D%0Atopology" title=" ad hoc topology"> ad hoc topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cluster" title=" cluster"> cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sub-network" title=" sub-network"> sub-network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSN%20design%20requirements." title=" WSN design requirements."> WSN design requirements.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/adaptive-routing-protocol-for-dynamic-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1964</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of MinC N-Terminal Domain from Escherichia coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun%20Yop%20An">Jun Yop An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyoung%20Ryoung%20Park"> Kyoung Ryoung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jung-Gyu%20Lee"> Jung-Gyu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyung-Seop%20Youn"> Hyung-Seop Youn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jung-Yeon%20Kang">Jung-Yeon Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gil%20Bu%20Kang"> Gil Bu Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soo%20Hyun%20Eom"> Soo Hyun Eom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MinC plays an important role in bacterial cell division system by inhibiting FtsZ assembly. However, the molecular mechanism of the action is poorly understood. E. coli MinC Nterminus domain was purified and crystallized using 1.4 M sodium citrate pH 6.5 as a precipitant. X-ray diffraction data was collected and processed to 2.3 Å from a native crystal. The crystal belonged to space group P212121, with the unit cell parameters a = 52.7, b = 54.0, c = 64.7 Å. Assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient value is 1.94 Å3 Da-1, which corresponds to a solvent content of 36.5%. The overall structure of MinCN is observed as a dimer form through anti-parallel ß-strand interaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MinC" title="MinC">MinC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cell%20division" title=" Cell division"> Cell division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Crystallization." title=" Crystallization."> Crystallization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/x-ray-crystallographic-analysis-of-minc-n-terminal-domain-from-escherichia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Statistical Evaluation of Nonlinear Distortion using the Multi-Canonical Monte Carlo Method and the Split Step Fourier Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ioannis%20Neokosmidis">Ioannis Neokosmidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nikos%20Gkekas"> Nikos Gkekas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Kamalakis"> Thomas Kamalakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Sphicopoulos"> Thomas Sphicopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In high powered dense wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems with low chromatic dispersion, four-wave mixing (FWM) can prove to be a major source of noise. The MultiCanonical Monte Carlo Method (MCMC) and the Split Step Fourier Method (SSFM) are combined to accurately evaluate the probability density function of the decision variable of a receiver, limited by FWM. The combination of the two methods leads to more accurate results, and offers the possibility of adding other optical noises such as the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monte%20Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nonlinear%20optics" title=" Nonlinear optics"> Nonlinear optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20crosstalk" title=" optical crosstalk"> optical crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wavelength-division%20Multiplexing%20%28WDM%29." title=" Wavelength-division Multiplexing (WDM)."> Wavelength-division Multiplexing (WDM).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/statistical-evaluation-of-nonlinear-distortion-using-the-multi-canonical-monte-carlo-method-and-the-split-step-fourier-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1692</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Monitoring and Fault-Recovery Capacity with Waveguide Grating-based Optical Switch over WDM/OCDMA-PON</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yao-Tang%20Chang">Yao-Tang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chuen-Ching%20Wang"> Chuen-Ching Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shu-Han%20Hu"> Shu-Han Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to implement flexibility as well as survivable capacities over passive optical network (PON), a new automatic random fault-recovery mechanism with array-waveguide-grating based (AWG-based) optical switch (OSW) is presented. Firstly, wavelength-division-multiplexing and optical code-division multiple-access (WDM/OCDMA) scheme are configured to meet the various geographical locations requirement between optical network unit (ONU) and optical line terminal (OLT). The AWG-base optical switch is designed and viewed as central star-mesh topology to prohibit/decrease the duplicated redundant elements such as fiber and transceiver as well. Hence, by simple monitoring and routing switch algorithm, random fault-recovery capacity is achieved over bi-directional (up/downstream) WDM/OCDMA scheme. When error of distribution fiber (DF) takes place or bit-error-rate (BER) is higher than 10-9 requirement, the primary/slave AWG-based OSW are adjusted and controlled dynamically to restore the affected ONU groups via the other working DFs immediately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Random%20fault%20recovery%20mechanism" title="Random fault recovery mechanism">Random fault recovery mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Array-waveguide-grating%20based%20optical%20switch%20%28AWG-%20based%20OSW%29" title="Array-waveguide-grating based optical switch (AWG- based OSW)">Array-waveguide-grating based optical switch (AWG- based OSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelength-division-multiplexing%20and%20optical%20code-divisionmultiple-access%20%28WDM%2F%20OCDMA%29" title="wavelength-division-multiplexing and optical code-divisionmultiple-access (WDM/ OCDMA)">wavelength-division-multiplexing and optical code-divisionmultiple-access (WDM/ OCDMA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/monitoring-and-fault-recovery-capacity-with-waveguide-grating-based-optical-switch-over-wdmocdma-pon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1640</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> A Robust Frequency Offset Estimator for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We address the integer frequency offset (IFO) estimation under the influence of the timing offset (TO) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Incorporating the IFO and TO into the symbol set used to represent the received OFDM symbol, we investigate the influence of the TO on the IFO, and then, propose a combining method between two consecutive OFDM correlations, reducing the influence. The proposed scheme has almost the same complexity as that of the conventional schemes, whereas it does not need the TO knowledge contrary to the conventional schemes. From numerical results it is confirmed that the proposed scheme is insensitive to the TO, consequently, yielding an improvement of the IFO estimation performance over the conventional schemes when the TO exists.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Estimation" title="Estimation">Estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integer%20frequency%20offset" title=" integer frequency offset"> integer frequency offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=timing%0D%0Aoffset." title=" timing offset."> timing offset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/a-robust-frequency-offset-estimator-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Design and Performance of Adaptive Polarized MIMO MC-SS-CDMA System for Downlink Mobile Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joseph%20V.%20M.%20Halim">Joseph V. M. Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesham%20El-Badawy"> Hesham El-Badawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadia%20M.%20El-Hennawy"> Hadia M. El-Hennawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an adaptive polarized Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access (MC-SS-CDMA) system is designed for downlink mobile communications. The proposed system will be examined in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode for both macro urban and suburban environments. For the same transmission bandwidth, a performance comparison between both nonoverlapped and orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) schemes will be presented. Also, the proposed system will be compared with both the closed loop vertical MIMO MC-SS-CDMA system and the synchronous vertical STBC-MIMO MC-SS-CDMA system. As will be shown, the proposed system introduces a significant performance gain as well as reducing the spatial dimensions of the MIMO system and simplifying the receiver implementation. The effect of the polarization diversity characteristics on the BER performance will be discussed. Also, the impact of excluding the cross-polarization MCSS- CDMA blocks in the base station will be investigated. In addition, the system performance will be evaluated under different Feedback Information (FBI) rates for slowly-varying channels. Finally, a performance comparison for vehicular and pedestrian environments will be presented <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Closed%20loop%20technique" title="Closed loop technique">Closed loop technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MC-SS-CDMA" title=" MC-SS-CDMA"> MC-SS-CDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Polarized%20MIMO%20systems" title=" Polarized MIMO systems"> Polarized MIMO systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transmit%20diversity." title=" Transmit diversity."> Transmit diversity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/design-and-performance-of-adaptive-polarized-mimo-mc-ss-cdma-system-for-downlink-mobile-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Comparative Analysis of Various Multiuser Detection Techniques in SDMA-OFDM System Over the Correlated MIMO Channel Model for IEEE 802.16n</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Susmita%20Das">Susmita Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kala%20Praveen%20Bagadi"> Kala Praveen Bagadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SDMA (Space-Division Multiple Access) is a MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output) based wireless communication network architecture which has the potential to significantly increase the spectral efficiency and the system performance. The maximum likelihood (ML) detection provides the optimal performance, but its complexity increases exponentially with the constellation size of modulation and number of users. The QR decomposition (QRD) MUD can be a substitute to ML detection due its low complexity and near optimal performance. The minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) multiuser detection (MUD) minimises the mean square error (MSE), which may not give guarantee that the BER of the system is also minimum. But the minimum bit error rate (MBER) MUD performs better than the classic MMSE MUD in term of minimum probability of error by directly minimising the BER cost function. Also the MBER MUD is able to support more users than the number of receiving antennas, whereas the rest of MUDs fail in this scenario. In this paper the performance of various MUD techniques is verified for the correlated MIMO channel models based on IEEE 802.16n standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20input%20multiple%20output" title="Multiple input multiple output">Multiple input multiple output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiuser%20detection" title=" multiuser detection"> multiuser detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orthogonal%20frequency%20division%20multiplexing" title=" orthogonal frequency division multiplexing"> orthogonal frequency division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=space%20division%20multiple%0Aaccess" title=" space division multiple access"> space division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bit%20error%20rate" title=" Bit error rate"> Bit error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/comparative-analysis-of-various-multiuser-detection-techniques-in-sdma-ofdm-system-over-the-correlated-mimo-channel-model-for-ieee-80216n" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1925</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Performance Analysis in 5th Generation Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jihad%20S.%20Daba">Jihad S. Daba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Dubois"> Jean-Pierre Dubois</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Georges%20El%20Soury"> Georges El Soury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fifth generation wireless networks guarantee significant capacity enhancement to suit more clients and services at higher information rates with better reliability while consuming less power. The deployment of massive multiple-input-multiple-output technology guarantees broadband wireless networks with the use of base station antenna arrays to serve a large number of users on the same frequency and time-slot channels. In this work, we evaluate the performance of massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems (MIMO) systems in 5<sup>th</sup> generation cellular networks in terms of capacity and bit error rate. Several cases were considered and analyzed to compare the performance of massive MIMO systems while varying the number of antennas at both transmitting and receiving ends. We found that, unlike classical MIMO systems, reducing the number of transmit antennas while increasing the number of antennas at the receiver end provides a better solution to performance enhancement. In addition, enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and beam division multiple access schemes further improve the performance of massive MIMO systems and make them more reliable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beam%20division%20multiple%20access" title="Beam division multiple access">Beam division multiple access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D2D%20communication" title=" D2D communication"> D2D communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=enhanced%20OFDM" title=" enhanced OFDM"> enhanced OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fifth%20generation%20broadband" title=" fifth generation broadband"> fifth generation broadband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=massive%20MIMO." title=" massive MIMO."> massive MIMO.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/performance-analysis-in-5th-generation-massive-multiple-input-multiple-output-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">748</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Performance Analysis of 5G for Low Latency Transmission Based on Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier Technique and Interleave Division Multiple Access</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Asgharzadeh">A. Asgharzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Maroufi"> M. Maroufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>5G mobile communication system has drawn more and more attention. The 5G system needs to provide three different types of services, including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC). Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), and Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (f-OFDM) are suggested as a well-known candidate waveform for the coming 5G system. Themachine-to-machine (M2M) communications are one of the essential applications in 5G, and it involves exchanging of concise messages with a very short latency. However, in UFMC systems, the subcarriers are grouped into subbands but f-OFDM only one subband covers the entire band. Furthermore, in FBMC, a subband includes only one subcarrier, and the number of subbands is the same as the number of subcarriers. This paper mainly discusses the performance of UFMC with different parameters for the UFMC system. Also, paper shows that UFMC is the best choice outperforming OFDM in any case and FBMC in case of very short packets while performing similarly for long sequences with channel estimation techniques for Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) systems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UFMC" title="UFMC">UFMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IDMA" title=" IDMA"> IDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=5G" title=" 5G"> 5G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=subband." title=" subband."> subband.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/performance-analysis-of-5g-for-low-latency-transmission-based-on-universal-filtered-multi-carrier-technique-and-interleave-division-multiple-access" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> 130 nm CMOS Mixer and VCO for 2.4 GHz Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gianluca%20Cornetta">Gianluca Cornetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=David%20J.%20Santos"> David J. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a 2.4 GHz passive switch mixer and a 5/2.5 GHz voltage-controlled negative Gm oscillator (VCO) with an inversion-mode MOS varactor. Both circuits are implemented using a 1P8M 0.13 μm process. The switch mixer has an input referred 1 dB compression point of -3.89 dBm and a conversion gain of -0.96 dB when the local oscillator power is +2.5 dBm. The VCO consumes only 1.75 mW, while drawing 1.45 mA from a 1.2 V supply voltage. In order to reduce the passives size, the VCO natural oscillation frequency is 5 GHz. A clocked CMOS divideby- two circuit is used for frequency division and quadrature phase generation. The VCO has a -109 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset and a 2.35-2.5 GHz tuning range (after the frequency division), thus complying with ZigBee requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Switch%20Mixers" title="Switch Mixers">Switch Mixers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Varactors" title=" Varactors"> Varactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IEEE%20802.15.4%20%28ZigBee%29" title=" IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)"> IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Direct%20Conversion%20Receiver" title="Direct Conversion Receiver">Direct Conversion Receiver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wireless%20Sensor%20Networks." title=" Wireless Sensor Networks."> Wireless Sensor Networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/130-nm-cmos-mixer-and-vco-for-24-ghz-low-power-wireless-personal-area-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Design of Parity-Preserving Reversible Logic Signed Array Multipliers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mojtaba%20Valinataj">Mojtaba Valinataj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reversible logic as a new favorable design domain can be used for various fields especially creating quantum computers because of its speed and intangible power consumption. However, its susceptibility to a variety of environmental effects may lead to yield the incorrect results. In this paper, because of the importance of multiplication operation in various computing systems, some novel reversible logic array multipliers are proposed with error detection capability by incorporating the parity-preserving gates. The new designs are presented for two main parts of array multipliers, partial product generation and multi-operand addition, by exploiting the new arrangements of existing gates, which results in two signed parity-preserving array multipliers. The experimental results reveal that the best proposed 4×4 multiplier in this paper reaches 12%, 24%, and 26% enhancements in the number of constant inputs, number of required gates, and quantum cost, respectively, compared to previous design. Moreover, the best proposed design is generalized for <em>n</em>×<em>n</em> multipliers with general formulations to estimate the main reversible logic criteria as the functions of the multiplier size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Array%20multipliers" title="Array multipliers">Array multipliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baugh-Wooley%20method" title=" Baugh-Wooley method"> Baugh-Wooley method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=error%20detection" title=" error detection"> error detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parity-preserving%20gates" title=" parity-preserving gates"> parity-preserving gates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20computers" title=" quantum computers"> quantum computers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reversible%20logic." title=" reversible logic. "> reversible logic. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/design-of-parity-preserving-reversible-logic-signed-array-multipliers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007406/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a 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