Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces</title><link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <meta name="description" content="What Congress can do to complete the job of putting military and civilian cases on an equal footing in accessing the Supreme Court." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces" /> <meta property="og:description" content="What Congress can do to complete the job of putting military and civilian cases on an equal footing in accessing the Supreme Court." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Just Security" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/JSBlog/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-15T14:41:16+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/US-Supreme-Court-social-media.jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="683" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Eugene R. Fidell, Brenner M. Fissell" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Congress still has not completed the job of putting military and civilian federal cases on an equal footing in accessing the Supreme Court." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/US-Supreme-Court-social-media.jpeg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@just_security" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@just_security" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Eugene R. Fidell, Brenner M. Fissell" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="7 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/"},"author":[{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/5cd2b830b0344fa46e86bf28584e1775"},{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/a34a101fa9c86439cbc8760ddde7a646"}],"headline":"Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces","datePublished":"2024-11-15T14:41:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-15T14:41:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/"},"wordCount":1498,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/GettyImages-1496255607-scaled-e1686230109943.jpg?fit=2560%2C1368&ssl=1","keywords":["cert petitions","Congress","Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF)","Habeas Corpus","Jurisdiction","Military justice","Supreme Court"],"articleSection":["Congress","Courts","Military"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/","name":"Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/GettyImages-1496255607-scaled-e1686230109943.jpg?fit=2560%2C1368&ssl=1","datePublished":"2024-11-15T14:41:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-15T14:41:16+00:00","description":"What Congress can do to complete the job of putting military and civilian cases on an equal footing in accessing the Supreme Court.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/GettyImages-1496255607-scaled-e1686230109943.jpg?fit=2560%2C1368&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/GettyImages-1496255607-scaled-e1686230109943.jpg?fit=2560%2C1368&ssl=1","width":2560,"height":1368,"caption":"WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 05: A view of the U.S. Supreme Court on June 5, 2023 in Washington, DC. The Supreme Court is expected to issue outstanding rulings throughout the month of June. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.justsecurity.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#website","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/","name":"Just Security","description":"A Forum on Law, Rights, and U.S. National Security","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.justsecurity.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#organization","name":"Just Security","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/just-security-logo-wordmark-font2.png?fit=5371%2C1757&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/just-security-logo-wordmark-font2.png?fit=5371%2C1757&ssl=1","width":5371,"height":1757,"caption":"Just Security"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/JSBlog/","https://x.com/just_security","https://www.linkedin.com/company/just-security-linkedin/","https://www.instagram.com/justsecurityforum/","https://www.youtube.com/@JustSecurityForum"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/5cd2b830b0344fa46e86bf28584e1775","name":"Eugene R. Fidell","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/image/6891c82060098645f975d018d9fd4546","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/618dd4a86b8197a475ebe5846ad67e6d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/618dd4a86b8197a475ebe5846ad67e6d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Eugene R. Fidell"},"description":"Eugene R. Fidell teaches Military Justice at Yale Law School and is of counsel at the Washington, DC firm Feldesman Leifer LLP. He is a former President of the National Institute of Military Justice, has edited the Global Military Justice Reform blog since founding it in 2014, and is a co-author of Military Justice: Cases and Materials (Carolina Academic Press 4th ed. 2023). He served as a judge advocate in the U.S. Coast Guard.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fidelleugene/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/a34a101fa9c86439cbc8760ddde7a646","name":"Brenner M. Fissell","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/image/b1bf4cc5d76180e4ae594970d269f2f8","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db0bf1c1cca03731515333a3ac8171ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db0bf1c1cca03731515333a3ac8171ec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Brenner M. Fissell"},"description":"Brenner M. Fissell (@BrennerFissell) is professor of law (with tenure) at Villanova Law. For the 2024-2025 academic year, he is also the Class of 1964 fellow at the United States Naval Academy's Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership, as well as the chair of faculty appointments at Villanova Law. Fissell's research focuses on the political theory of criminal law, especially as it relates to the criminal law of local governments and the misdemeanor criminal legal system. A secondary research interest is military criminal law. Fissell's scholarship has appeared in general law reviews such as the Minnesota Law Review, as well as peer-reviewed journals such as Legal Theory. Fissell is co-editor of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice Books – the only journal devoted to publishing book reviews of recent monographs in criminal law – and co-convener of the NYC Criminal Law Colloquium (the Markelloquium!). Fissell's primary practice experience is in military justice. He first entered the legal academy in 2018 from the U.S. Dept. of Defense, where he was appellate defense counsel at the Guantanamo Bay Military Commissions. In this capacity, he served as a consultant on legal strategy and appellate issues to the defense teams representing detainees charged with war crimes. Prior to that he served as a law clerk to Chief Judge Scott Stucky of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces—the nation's highest military court. Fissell remains active in reform efforts and pro bono consultation relating to the military justice system. He is Vice-President of the National Institute for Military Justice, a learned society dedicated to the fair administration of justice in the armed forces and improved public understanding of military justice. Fissell continues to actively represent military service members in military and federal courts. He is also on LinkedIn.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fissellbrenner/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Just Security » Feed" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-C8GWL90XNK" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/104857\/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-C8GWL90XNK', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-C8GWL90XNK', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='remodal-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-maps-pro/lib/remodal.css?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='remodal-default-theme-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-maps-pro/lib/remodal-default-theme.css?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpgmza-marker-library-dialog-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-maps-pro/css/marker-library-dialog.css?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ds-google-pt-serif-font-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=PT+Serif:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400;1,700&family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,700;1,300;1,400;1,700;1,900&display=swap' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ds-main-styles-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/style.css?ver=1728684854' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ds-custom-scrollbar-css-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/js/custom-scrollbar/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-forms-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/searchwp/assets/css/frontend/search-forms.css?ver=4.3.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-SZXxX4whJ79/gErwcOYf+zWLeJdY/qpuqC4cAa9rOGUstPomtqpuNWT9wdPEn2fk" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-C2B+KlPW+WkR0Ld9loR1x3cXp7asA0iGVodhCoJ4hwrWm/d9qKS59BGisq+2Y0/D" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-brands-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-solid-900.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.3/webfonts/fa-regular-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); unicode-range: U+F004-F005,U+F007,U+F017,U+F022,U+F024,U+F02E,U+F03E,U+F044,U+F057-F059,U+F06E,U+F070,U+F075,U+F07B-F07C,U+F080,U+F086,U+F089,U+F094,U+F09D,U+F0A0,U+F0A4-F0A7,U+F0C5,U+F0C7-F0C8,U+F0E0,U+F0EB,U+F0F3,U+F0F8,U+F0FE,U+F111,U+F118-F11A,U+F11C,U+F133,U+F144,U+F146,U+F14A,U+F14D-F14E,U+F150-F152,U+F15B-F15C,U+F164-F165,U+F185-F186,U+F191-F192,U+F1AD,U+F1C1-F1C9,U+F1CD,U+F1D8,U+F1E3,U+F1EA,U+F1F6,U+F1F9,U+F20A,U+F247-F249,U+F24D,U+F254-F25B,U+F25D,U+F267,U+F271-F274,U+F279,U+F28B,U+F28D,U+F2B5-F2B6,U+F2B9,U+F2BB,U+F2BD,U+F2C1-F2C2,U+F2D0,U+F2D2,U+F2DC,U+F2ED,U+F328,U+F358-F35B,U+F3A5,U+F3D1,U+F410,U+F4AD; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-maps-pro/lib/remodal.min.js?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f" id="remodal-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-C8GWL90XNK"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgmza_data-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpgmza_google_api_status = {"message":"Engine is not google-maps","code":"ENGINE_NOT_GOOGLE_MAPS"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-maps/wpgmza_data.js?ver=949a533b99c553f1c91109435e76337f" id="wpgmza_data-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/104857" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p5gGh3-rhf' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justsecurity.org%2F104857%2Fsupreme-court-servicemembers-1259%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justsecurity.org%2F104857%2Fsupreme-court-servicemembers-1259%2F&format=xml" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/js-pull-quote/css/simple-pull-quote.css" />  <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <style> @media (max-width: 1180px) { #masthead .menu-wrap { display:none; } #masthead .social-wrap a.search-icon, #masthead .social-wrap a.menu-toggle { display:block; } } </style><link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/cropped-logo_dome_fav.png?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/cropped-logo_dome_fav.png?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/cropped-logo_dome_fav.png?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/cropped-logo_dome_fav.png?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-104857 single-format-standard"> <a href="#primary" class="skip" role="link">Skip to content</a> <div id="page-wrap" class="clearfix"> <div class="site-name">Justsecurity.org</div><header id="masthead" class="clearfix" role="banner"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org" id="site-logo"><img src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/images/white-logo.png" alt="A Forum on Law, Rights, and U.S. National Security" /></a><nav class="menu-wrap clearfix" role="navigation"><div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="sm"><li id="menu-item-76321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-76321"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/about-us/">About Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-104167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-104167"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/masthead/">Masthead</a></li> <li id="menu-item-104168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-104168"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-49070" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49070"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/guest-authors-2/">Guest Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76337" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-76337"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-97911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-97911"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/2025-26-postgraduate-law-fellows/">Work With Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-79333"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/about-us/">More About Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-76322" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-76322"><a href="#">Key Topics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-94073" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-94073"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84707"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84303/just-securitys-climate-archive/">Climate Change</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76323"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/congressional-oversight/">Congressional Oversight</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76324" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76324"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/counterterrorism/">Counterterrorism</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84709" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-84709"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82357" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-82357"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/democracy/">Democracy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76328" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76328"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/diplomacy/">Diplomacy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-84711"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/disinformation/">Disinformation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76331" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76331"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/human-rights/">Human Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76543"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/immigration/">Immigration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76329"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/intelligence/">Intelligence activities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-91476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-91476"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/category/israel-hamas-war/">Israel-Hamas War</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-82359"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/january-6th-attack-on-us-capitol/">January 6th Attack on US Capitol</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76332" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76332"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/law-of-armed-conflict/">Law of Armed Conflict</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76333"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/local-voices/">Local Voices</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76334"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/racial-justice/">Racial Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82541" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-82541"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/82513/just-securitys-russia-ukraine-war-archive">Russia-Ukraine War</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-84713"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/social-media-platforms/">Social Media Platforms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76335" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76335"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations/">United Nations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76540" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76540"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/use-of-force/">Use of Force</a></li> <li id="menu-item-76330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-76330"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-criminal-law/">International Criminal Law</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-50783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-50783"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/submissions-style-guide/">Write for Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83988"><a href="https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610">Podcast</a></li> </ul></div><a href="#" class="search-icon"><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></nav><div class="social-wrap clearfix"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@JustSecurityForum" class="social" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on YouTube</span> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/Just_Security" class="social" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/JSBlog/" class="social" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Facebook</span> </a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/just-security-linkedin/" class="social" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Linkedin</span> </a><a href="https://www.givecampus.com/campaigns/21763/donations/new?designation=justsecurity" class="button green">Donate</a><a href="#" class="search-icon"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Open the search tool</span> </a><a href="#" class="menu-toggle"> <i class="fa fa-bars" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Open the main navigation</span> </a></div><div id="search-drop"><div class="form-wrap"> <form role="search" method="get" id="default-searchform" class="searchform" data-author-action="https://www.justsecurity.org/author-search/" data-default-action="https://www.justsecurity.org/search-results/" action="https://www.justsecurity.org/search-results/"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search for: </span> <input type="search" class="search-field" name="searchwp" placeholder="Search posts, authors, media..." value="" title="Search for:" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </form> <div class="advanced-search"> <input type="checkbox" autocomplete="off" id="author-search" /> Search authors only </div> </div></div><div id="mobile-nav-drop"><div class="inner"><a href="#" class="close"><i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org" class="mobile-menu-logo"><img src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/images/white-logo.png" alt="A Forum on Law, Rights, and U.S. National Security" /></a><div class="menu"><ul> <li class="page_item page-item-97906"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/2025-26-postgraduate-law-fellows/">Come Join <i>Just Security</i>! 2025-26 Postgraduate Legal Fellow Positions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-75155"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/records-obtained-via-goodman-v-department-of-defense/">Records obtained via Goodman v. Department of Defense </a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47833"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/main-archive/">Key Topics</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-76521"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/search-results/">Search Results</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-76522"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author-search/">Author Search</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-76531"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/masthead/">Masthead</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-66815"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47828"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/guest-authors-2/">Guest Authors</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47818"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/submissions-style-guide/">Write for Just Security</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-61915"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/trump-russia-timeline/">The Trump-Russia-Ukraine Timeline</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47830"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/the-pipeline/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-62780"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/updates-trump-russia-timeline/">Updates to The Trump-Russia Timeline</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-52075"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/deep-dives/">Deep Dives</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-52444"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/microsoft-ireland-symposium/">Microsoft Ireland Symposium</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-49225"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/acting-dod-general-counsel-william-s-castles-speech-aumfs-global-war-terrorism/">Acting DOD General Counsel William S. Castle’s Speech on AUMFs in the “Global War on Terrorism”</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-51186"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/glenn-simpson-fusion-gps/">Transcript: Glenn Simpson Fusion GPS Testimony House Intelligence Committee</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-4"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47829"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/home-page/">Home Page</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-5"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/terms/">Terms</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-34570"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/donation-confirmation/">Donation Confirmation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-34571"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/transaction-failed/">Transaction Failed</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-34572"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/donation-history/">Donation History</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37408"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/modern-surveillance-trump-administration/">Modern Surveillance Under the Trump Administration</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-36664"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/norms-watch-inbox/">Get Norms Watch in Your Inbox</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1083"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-43595"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/federal-prosecutor-dissects-kushners-statement/">A Former Federal Prosecutor Dissects Kushner’s Statement</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1885"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/recap-guide-weeks-posts-security-oct-4-oct-11/">Recap: A Guide to the Past Week’s Posts on Just Security (Oct. 4-Oct.11)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35680"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/httpswww-justsecurity-orgabout-us/">https://www.justsecurity.org/about-us/</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-97"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-pickshot-battlefield-areas-of-active-hostilities/">Editors’ Picks</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-30826"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/dod-report-oct-2015-airstrike-medecins-sans-frontieres-hospital-kunduz-afghanistan/">DOD Report on the Oct. 2015 Airstrike on Médecins Sans Frontières Hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-108"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-written/">Books We’ve Written</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-45429"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/rfi-interview-hiftar/">RFI Interview on Hiftar</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-128 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/">Books We’ve Read</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-533"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/book-synopsis-knife/">Book Synopsis: The Way of the Knife</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-555"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/book-synopsis-governing-lethal-behavior-autonomous-robots/">Book Synopsis: Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/book-synopsis-kill-capture-war-terror-soul-obama-presidency/">Book Synopsis: Kill or Capture</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1598"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/lincolns-code/">Book Review — Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-333"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/books-synopsis-justice-cascade-rights-prosecutions-world-politics/">Books Synopsis: The Justice Cascade</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-365"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/books-synopsis-terror-presidency-law-judgment-bush-administration/">Book Synopsis: The Terror Presidency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-4254"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/book-synopsis-cost-counterterrorism-power-politics-liberty/">Book Synopsis – The Cost of Counterterrorism: Power, Politics, and Liberty</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-11755"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/books-read/book-synopsis-place-left-hide/">Book Synopsis: No Place Left to Hide</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-386 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/">Editors’ Picks: Reading Lists</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-9526"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/regulation-risks-cryptocurrency/">Editors’ Picks: The Regulation and Risks of Cryptocurrency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-852"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/executive-power-counterterrorism-policy/">Editors’ Picks: Executive Power & Counterterrorism Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2146"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/power-detain/">Editors’ Picks: The Power to Detain</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-394"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/areas-active-hostilities/">Editors’ Picks: Hot Battlefields and Areas of Active Hostilities</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-9454"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/editors-picks/international-human-law-privacy-and-surveillance/">Editors’ Picks: International Human Right Law on Privacy (and Surveillance)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-5257"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/recaps-archive/">Recaps Archive</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-13962"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/book-synopsis-terror-courts/">Book Synopsis – The Terror Courts</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2449"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/recap-mid-week-guide-posts-security-oct-19-23/">Recap: A Mid-Week Guide to Posts on Just Security (Oct. 19-23)</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2710"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/">Signups for A.M. and P.M. Emails</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46495"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/asil-live-webcast-international-law-trump-administration-force-international-law/">ASIL Live Webcast: “International Law and the Trump Administration: The Use of Force Under International Law”</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-33442"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/securitys-three-year-anniversary-event-state-secrets-whistleblowers-drone-memos/">National Security and Transparency in this Administration and the Next</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-437"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/about-us/">About Us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37819"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/excerpts-stephen-miller-interviews-meet-press-fox-news-sunday/">Excerpts of Stephen Miller Interviews on Meet the Press and Fox News Sunday</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42944"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/conversation-david-cole-authoritarianism-prevent/">David Cole on Stopping Authoritarianism’s Rise in the United States</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37578"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/call-papers-revisiting-role-international-law-national-security-workshop/">Workshop and Call for Papers: Revisiting the Role of International Law in National Security</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-16331"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/surveille-scoring-methodology/">SURVEILLE Scoring Methodology</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2771"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-email-signup/">Email Signups</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-6362"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/security-reader-survey/">Just Security Reader Survey</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37619"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/securitys-coverage-immigration-refugee-executive-order/">Just Security’s Coverage of Immigration and Refugee Executive Order</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35062"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47831"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition/">Early Edition</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47832"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/weekend-edition/">Norms Watch</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47827"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-email-signup-2/">Email Signup</a></li> </ul></div> </div></div></header><div id="content-wrap" class="clearfix"><div id="post-hero" class="clearfix" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/GettyImages-1496255607-scaled-e1686230109943.jpg?fit=2560%2C1368&ssl=1); background-position:center center;"> <div class="overlay"></div> <div class="pagewidth pw1400"> <div class="title-wrap"> <h1>Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces </h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="columns-wrap pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div id="secondary-left" class="secondary"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fidelleugene/" title="Profile and articles by Eugene R. Fidell" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eugene R. Fidell</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fissellbrenner/" title="Profile and articles by Brenner M. Fissell" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brenner M. Fissell</a></p><p class="date">November 15, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-104857" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-104857" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-104857" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104857/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/cert-petitions/" rel="tag">cert petitions</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/congress/" rel="tag">Congress</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/court-of-appeals-for-the-armed-forces/" rel="tag">Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF)</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/habeas/" rel="tag">Habeas Corpus</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jurisdiction/" rel="tag">Jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/military-justice/" rel="tag">Military justice</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/supreme-court/" rel="tag">Supreme Court</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fidelleugene/" title="Profile and articles by Eugene R. Fidell" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eugene R. Fidell</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fissellbrenner/" title="Profile and articles by Brenner M. Fissell" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brenner M. Fissell</a></p><p class="date">November 15, 2024</p></div><p>In the world of military justice, December 22, 2024, is a day for which many have waited a long time. For the first time since Congress extended the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction to cover decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) in <a href="https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=97&page=1405">1983</a>, every court-martial appellant who petitions for review at that court will be able to then seek <a href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:28%20section:1259%20edition:prelim)#effectivedate-amendment-note">review by the Supreme Court</a>—even if CAAF had denied review below. This is a major change and, while <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/90697/the-military-justice-provisions-of-the-national-defense-authorization-act-for-fiscal-year-2024-better-late-than-never/">belated</a>, goes <em>nearly</em> all of the distance to putting military personnel on the same footing as everyone else who seeks Supreme Court review.</p> <p><em>Nearly — but not quite</em>.</p> <p>In a couple of respects, CAAF decisions remain insulated from review by the Supreme Court even though comparable actions by the Article III courts of appeals are subject to such review. Although these insulated actions are limited in scope, there is no good reason to distinguish between CAAF and the Article III courts of appeals with respect to Supreme Court access. What did Congress omit?</p> <p>As amended, 28 U.S.C. § 1259 gives the Supreme Court certiorari jurisdiction over four types of cases: (1) capital cases, which are subject to mandatory review; (2) cases certified by one of the Judge Advocates General, which CAAF must decide unless the matter is moot or academic; (3) cases within CAAF’s discretionary-grant-of-review jurisdiction; and (4) “other” cases. The big change is that even when CAAF refuses to grant review or grant relief in third and fourth category cases, respectively, that action will be reviewable on certiorari. The scope of the third category is clear, but not so the fourth. What does it <em>not</em> cover? What types of “other” cases are now in and which are left out?</p> <ul> <li>What’s in: Having been created by Congress, both CAAF and the Article III courts of appeals have power to grant extraordinary writs under the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1651">All Writs Act</a>. Under paragraph four, the Supreme Court now has jurisdiction to grant certiorari in such cases whether or not CAAF has granted relief. In <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/556/904/"><em>United States v. Denedo</em>, 556 U.S. 904 (2009)</a>, the Court held that even a mere remand for further proceedings on a petition for a writ of error coram nobis (an petition to correct a fundamental error after judgment) qualified as “relief” for purposes of the prior version of § 1259(4). After December 22, there will be no question about potential Supreme Court review: the Court will have jurisdiction to review extraordinary writ decisions whether CAAF has granted or denied relief in whole or in part. (CAAF’s writ practice includes both original writs and so-called writ-appeal petitions, which are simply writs in which the petitioner has first sought relief in one of the military justice system’s intermediate appellate courts.)</li> <li>What’s in: CAAF has power to grant writs of habeas corpus, but under the former version of § 1259(4), its decisions were subject to review on writ of certiorari only if it granted the writ, not if it denied it, as denial is the antithesis of a grant of relief. This contrasted sharply with the procedure under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, which is the habeas equivalent for individuals convicted in the federal district courts. Losing prisoners in those cases have straightforward access to the Supreme Court in their first round of litigation and, although <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-7871_c9dh.pdf">the procedural details have not been fully resolved</a>, also when they pursue second or successive § 2255 motions. It does not make sense for the ground rules to be materially different for military and civilian federal prisoners. After December 22, military and civilian habeas petitioners will be on an equal footing from the standpoint of direct appellate review to the Supreme Court.</li> <li>What’s in: CAAF has the power to grant a <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/873">petition for new trial</a> on grounds of newly discovered evidence or fraud on the court in cases that are otherwise pending before it. But the old version of paragraph four seemed to confer certiorari jurisdiction on the Supreme Court only if CAAF granted relief. This meant that if CAAF granted a petition for new trial, the United States could seek certiorari, but if it denied the petition, the defendant could not do so. In contrast, when a federal district court rules on a motion for a new trial under Fed. R. Crim. P. 33, the losing party can appeal to the Article III court of appeals, and that court’s decision would be subject to <a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-supreme-court/368/439.html">normal review</a> on petition for a writ of certiorari. <em>g., United States v. Johnson</em>, 327 U.S. 106 (1946). The new version of paragraph four again levels the playing field, opening the door to certiorari when CAAF either grants or denies a new trial petition.</li> <li>What’s still left out: CAAF’s judges (but not CAAF itself) have contempt power under <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/848">Article 48</a> of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Subparagraph (c)(2) of Article 48 provides that punishment imposed by a CAAF judge “shall constitute a judgment of the court, subject to review under the applicable provisions of section 867 or 867a of this title (article 67 or 67a).” <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/867a">Article 67a</a> deals with review by the Supreme Court. Paragraph (a) provides, in pertinent part, that “[d]ecisions of [CAAF] are subject to review by the Supreme Court by writ of certiorari as provided in section 1259 of title 28.” The problem, however, is that punishments for contempt seemingly do not fall within any part of § 1259. It is difficult to see how a finding of and punishment for contempt or a refusal to make such a finding or impose a punishment constitutes a grant or denial of “relief.” In contrast, there is no question that at least a contempt punishment by an Article III court is subject to review by the Supreme Court under the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1254">Judicial Code</a>.</li> <li>What’s still left out: The Article III courts of appeals have power to suspend or disbar attorneys who are admitted to practice before them. The Supreme Court, in turn, has reviewed disbarments by these courts. Examples include <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/354/278/"><em>Theard v. United States</em>, 354 U.S. 278 (1957)</a> and <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/472/634/"><em>In re Snyder</em>, 472 U.S. 634 (1985)</a>. Practice before CAAF requires a separate admission to the court’s bar, and CAAF’s <a href="https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov/library/Rules/Rules2024Oct.pdf">rules</a> establish procedures for disbarment and other disciplinary action. From time to time, CAAF disbars or otherwise disciplines members of its bar, either on a reciprocal basis with some other federal or state court or as an original matter. CAAF has on occasion denied leave to appear <em>pro hac vice</em> and it has a handful of times denied an application for admission to its bar. In <em>Partington v. Houck</em>, 575 U.S. 963 (2015) (mem.), the Supreme Court denied without comment a petition for certiorari in a case in which the <a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-dc-circuit/1639932.html">S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a> had considered a challenge to, among other things, CAAF’s suspension of a civilian attorney. In contrast, the Supreme Court has repeatedly granted review of state courts’ denial of applications for admission to the bar. Do CAAF bar admission or disciplinary actions fall within § 1259(4)? Even if they are “cases,” there has plainly been no grant of “relief,” in the ordinary sense of that term, when a lawyer is denied admission or is disbarred or suspended, so the Supreme Court would lack jurisdiction under the amended text of § 1259. The omission is even more significant because bar admission and disciplinary decisions, rare though they are at CAAF, can raise <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/501/1030/">significant constitutional questions</a>.</li> </ul> <p>In summary, Congress took a major step in 1983 when it extended the Supreme Court’s certiorari jurisdiction to cases in which CAAF (then called the U.S. Court of Military Appeals) had granted review as well as certified and mandatory review cases. And Congress took another major step in 2023, when it extended that grant to the many cases in which CAAF denies discretionary review. But Congress still has not completed the job of putting military and civilian federal cases on an equal footing in terms of access to the Supreme Court. To be sure, Congress need not attack all aspects of a problem at once, as the Court has observed. And the odds and ends of CAAF activity that seem to remain insulated from direct review by the Supreme Court comprise at most a few cases per year and would therefore not make a meaningful dent in the Supreme Court’s overall caseload if they were included.</p> <p>Congress erred when it retained the general category-by-category approach in § 1259, rather than the more sweeping approach found in 28 U.S.C. § 1254 for federal cases and § 1257 for cases coming up from the state courts. There being no congressional hearing record or report language to shed light on the omissions we have discussed, we can only surmise that the omissions were unintentional. The cases left out may be few in number and pretty arcane, but we urge Congress to now finish the job and open the doors that remain closed to Supreme Court review.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: A view of the U.S. Supreme Court on June 5, 2023 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)</em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/cert-petitions/" rel="tag">cert petitions</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/congress/" rel="tag">Congress</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/court-of-appeals-for-the-armed-forces/" rel="tag">Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF)</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/habeas/" rel="tag">Habeas Corpus</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jurisdiction/" rel="tag">Jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/military-justice/" rel="tag">Military justice</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/supreme-court/" rel="tag">Supreme Court</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. Emails</a><aside id="search-3" class="widget widget_search clearfix"> <form role="search" method="get" id="default-searchform" class="searchform" data-author-action="https://www.justsecurity.org/author-search/" data-default-action="https://www.justsecurity.org/search-results/" action="https://www.justsecurity.org/search-results/"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search for: </span> <input type="search" class="search-field" name="searchwp" placeholder="Search posts, authors, media..." value="" title="Search for:" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </form> <div class="advanced-search"> <input type="checkbox" autocomplete="off" id="author-search" /> Search authors only </div> </aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Featured Articles</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-3" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:450px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105048/icc-arrest-warrants/">Nuts & Bolts of the International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants in the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105064/mapping-state-reactions-icc/">Mapping State Reactions to the ICC Warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ingberrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Ingber" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Ingber</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/95879/symposium-international-criminal-court-gaza/">A Symposium on the International Criminal Court and the Israel-Hamas War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105019/trump-ukraine-policy-peace-talks/">To ‘End’ War in Ukraine, Trump Might Be Tougher on Putin Than Critics Think</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104929/ukraine-biden-trump-missiles/">Biden’s Final Efforts on Ukraine — and Trump’s First Moves</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/frieddaniel/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador Daniel Fried" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador Daniel Fried</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104770/new-technology-atrocity-prevention/">Thinking Beyond Risks: A Symposium on Tech and Atrocity Prevention</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gwenadmin/" title="Profile and articles by Gwendolyn Whidden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gwendolyn Whidden</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104800/sanctions-effectiveness-models/">Do Sanctions Work? It Depends. Burma and the West Bank Might Be Models.</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bradbrooksrubin/" title="Profile and articles by Brad Brooks-Rubin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brad Brooks-Rubin</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104728/ukraine-constitution-conscientious-objectors/">As Ukraine Struggles for Troops, Its Constitutional Court Considers the Rights of Conscientious Objectors</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nekoliakandrii/" title="Profile and articles by Andrii Nekoliak" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrii Nekoliak</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104676/american-ai-leadership-requires-support-open-source/">The United States Must Win The Global Open Source AI Race</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mcbridekeegan/" title="Profile and articles by Keegan McBride" class="author url fn" rel="author">Keegan McBride</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/woodleyballdean/" title="Profile and articles by Dean W. Ball" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dean W. Ball</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104622/journalist-in-exile-laments-kyrgyzstan-crackdown-now-extending-to-his-12-year-old-son/">Journalist in Exile Laments Kyrgyzstan Crackdown, Now Extending to His 12-Year-Old Son</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/temirovbolot/" title="Profile and articles by Bolot Temirov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Bolot Temirov</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104655/real-time-litigation-tracker-election/">Election 2024 Real-Time Litigation Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vancejoyce/" title="Profile and articles by Joyce Vance" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joyce Vance</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/geemadison/" title="Profile and articles by Madison Gee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Madison Gee</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104564/election-top-10-nov-4/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 4th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104448/older-people-human-rights-africa/">A Historic Day for Older People and Human Rights Across Africa</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mugabowishemaelie/" title="Profile and articles by Elie Mugabowishema" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elie Mugabowishema</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchananjane/" title="Profile and articles by Jane Buchanan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jane Buchanan</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 4th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104398/new-interpol-chief-abuses-reforms/">As Interpol Gets New Secretary General, What are the Risks of Abuses Over Reforms?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bromundted/" title="Profile and articles by Ted R. Bromund" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ted R. Bromund</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/grossmansandra/" title="Profile and articles by Sandra Grossman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sandra Grossman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenbergilan/" title="Profile and articles by Ilan Greenberg" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ilan Greenberg</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/">Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ahmedrasheed/" title="Profile and articles by Rasheed Ahmed" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rasheed Ahmed</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104451/pentagon-plan-protect-civilians-promises/">Is The Pentagon’s Plan to Protect Civilians Living up to its Promises?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hunkemadison/" title="Profile and articles by Madison Hunke" class="author url fn" rel="author">Madison Hunke</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104393/election-top-10-oct-29/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 30th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104407/authoritarianism-plutocracy-press-freedom/">Rising Authoritarianism and Plutocracy Are a Dangerous Mix for Press Freedom</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kleinfeldrachel/" title="Profile and articles by Rachel Kleinfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rachel Kleinfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 30th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104385/presumptive-privilege-trump-pence/">Does a “Presumptive” Privilege Protect President Trump from Prosecution for Pressuring Pence?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/alschuleralbert/" title="Profile and articles by Albert W. Alschuler" class="author url fn" rel="author">Albert W. Alschuler</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104255/frictionless-government-national-security-constitution/">Frictionless Government and the National Security Constitution</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/deeksashley/" title="Profile and articles by Ashley Deeks" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ashley Deeks</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eichensehrkristen/" title="Profile and articles by Kristen Eichensehr" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kristen Eichensehr</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104348/israel-strikes-against-iran/">Making Sense of International Law in Light of Israel and Iran’s Latest Round of “Retaliation”</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lieblicheliav/" title="Profile and articles by Eliav Lieblich" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eliav Lieblich</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104334/washington-post-endorsement-bezos/">On Dictatorship and Self-Censorship: Lessons the Owner of a Sudanese Newspaper Could Give Jeff Bezos</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hamiltonrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Hamilton" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Hamilton</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104328/dod-directive-changes/">Much Ado About Nothing: Recent Changes to Department of Defense Directive 5240.01</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nunnjoseph/" title="Profile and articles by Joseph Nunn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joseph Nunn</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goiteinelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Goitein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Goitein</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104242/memorandum-ai-national-security/">The U.S. National Security Memorandum on AI: Leading Experts Weigh In</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104206/fair-fast-asylum-processing-switzerland/">Fair and Fast Asylum Processing: Lessons from Switzerland</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ghezelbashdaniel/" title="Profile and articles by Daniel Ghezelbash" class="author url fn" rel="author">Daniel Ghezelbash</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hruschkaconstantin/" title="Profile and articles by Constantin Hruschka" class="author url fn" rel="author">Constantin Hruschka</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104174/election-top-10-oct-23/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104130/rule-of-law-index-2024/">Rule of Law Index Shows Some Rays of Hope Amidst Continuing Global Recession</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andersenelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Andersen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Andersen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/evangelidesalicia/" title="Profile and articles by Alicia Evangelides" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alicia Evangelides</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104036/heat-map-january-6th-defendants-2/">Heat Map of January 6th Defendants Across the United States</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103956/proud-boys-threat-assessment/">Proud Boys Threat Assessment: From the Planning of January 6th to Future Scenarios</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103773/top-10-election-litigation/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103743/lifting-russia-sanctions/">Lifting Russia Sanctions – What Can a President Do Unilaterally?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/markustaisa/" title="Profile and articles by Taisa Markus" class="author url fn" rel="author">Taisa Markus</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103918/jack-goldsmith-jack-smith-explanation/">Refuting the Latest Baseless Attacks Against Special Counsel Jack Smith</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103838/un-future-summit-can-teach/">What the UN’s Summit of the Future Can Teach Us – When the Dust Settles</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/streetjordan/" title="Profile and articles by Jordan Street" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jordan Street</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 11th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103818/scenario-planning-january-6th/">The “War Game” Documentary, and Simulating a Worse January 6th</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rudesilldakota/" title="Profile and articles by Dakota S. Rudesill" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dakota S. Rudesill</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 10th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103777/maintaining-the-rule-of-law-in-the-age-of-ai/">Maintaining the Rule of Law in the Age of AI</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/szilagyikatie/" title="Profile and articles by Katie Szilagyi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katie Szilagyi</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 9th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103478/2024-election-litigation-top-10/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 8th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103317/shattering-illusions-how-cyber-threat-intelligence-augments-legal-action-against-russias-influence-operations/">Shattering Illusions: How Cyber Threat Intelligence Augments Legal Action against Russia’s Influence Operations</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kruschmasonw/" title="Profile and articles by Mason W. Krusch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Mason W. Krusch</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 8th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103464/beyond-law-reaffirming-the-centrality-of-ethics-in-war/">Beyond Law: Reaffirming the Centrality of Ethics in War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzelke/" title="Profile and articles by Elke Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elke Schwarz</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/renicneil/" title="Profile and articles by Neil Renic" class="author url fn" rel="author">Neil Renic</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103533/whos-who-jack-smith-immunity-brief/">Who’s Who in Jack Smith’s Immunity Brief</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 4th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103433/unlawful-private-militias-government-response/">The Threat from Unlawful Private Militias Has Evolved. The Federal Government’s Response Must Evolve Too.</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mccordmary/" title="Profile and articles by Mary B. McCord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Mary B. McCord</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/glickjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Glick" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Glick</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 4th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103348/afghanistan-protect-allies/">US Should Learn from Afghanistan and Vietnam Withdrawals to Better Protect Vulnerable Allies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rscottadams12/" title="Profile and articles by R. Scott Adams" class="author url fn" rel="author">R. Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103200/state-department-reform-commission/">The State Department Reform Commission: A Once in A Generation Opportunity to Reform American Diplomacy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/spokojnydan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Spokojny" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Spokojny</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 30th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103265/analysis-iran-2024-election-interference-indictment/">Analysis of Remarkable and Unremarkable Aspects of Iranian 2024 Election Interference Indictment </a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aarondavid/" title="Profile and articles by David Aaron" class="author url fn" rel="author">David Aaron</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103164/usaid-digital-policy-conflict-peacebuilding/">The Next Step for USAID’s New Digital Policy: Account for Conflict Risks and Include Peacebuilding</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/guintaclaire/" title="Profile and articles by Claire Guinta" class="author url fn" rel="author">Claire Guinta</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/zuroskinick/" title="Profile and articles by Nick Zuroski" class="author url fn" rel="author">Nick Zuroski</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103184/amended-protocol-booby-traps-pagers/">Article 7(2) of Amended Protocol II on Conventional Weapons and the Lebanon Pager Explosions</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100374/ukraine-us-public-support-election/">Will US Public Support for Ukraine Aid Survive the Presidential Campaign?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mironrobert/" title="Profile and articles by Robert Miron" class="author url fn" rel="author">Robert Miron</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/feaver-peter/" title="Profile and articles by Peter Feaver" class="author url fn" rel="author">Peter Feaver</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100333/rethinking-united-nations-cybercrime-treaty/">Rethinking the United Nations Cybercrime Treaty</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pielemeierjason/" title="Profile and articles by Jason Pielemeier" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jason Pielemeier</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100172/why-criminalize-ecocide-experts/">Why Criminalize Ecocide? Experts Weigh In</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hamiltonrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Hamilton" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Hamilton</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100265/musk-trump-legal-boundaries/">Musk, X, and Trump 2024: Where are the Legal and Ethical Boundaries?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hendrixjustin/" title="Profile and articles by Justin Hendrix" class="author url fn" rel="author">Justin Hendrix</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/jacksondean/" title="Profile and articles by Dean Jackson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dean Jackson</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/">U.N. General Assembly High-Level Week 2024 : What Experts Are Looking For</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100195/a-2024-election-litigation-hot-list/">A 2024 Election Litigation Hot List</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100193/law-war-exploding-pagers-lebanon/">Law of War Questions Raised by Exploding Pagers in Lebanon</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100130/competition-not-control-is-key-to-winning-the-global-ai-race/">Competition, Not Control, is Key to Winning the Global AI Race</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mittelsteadtmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew Mittelsteadt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew Mittelsteadt</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mcbridekeegan/" title="Profile and articles by Keegan McBride" class="author url fn" rel="author">Keegan McBride</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97864/political-violence-us-enough/">Political Violence in the United States Is Rising – and It Might Be Up to Americans to Say “Enough!”</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kleinfeldrachel/" title="Profile and articles by Rachel Kleinfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rachel Kleinfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99994/americas-national-security-threat/">America’s Overlooked National Security Threat</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kohharold/" title="Profile and articles by Harold Hongju Koh" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harold Hongju Koh</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 11th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99964/challenging-state-capture/">To Challenge State Capture, the US Needs a Strategy of State Retrieval</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/prendergastjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Prendergast" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Prendergast</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wilsondamon/" title="Profile and articles by Damon Wilson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Damon Wilson</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 10th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99869/telegrams-security-sham/">Telegram’s Security Sham</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vanlandinghammichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Van Landingham" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Van Landingham</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wildeg/" title="Profile and articles by Gavin Wilde" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gavin Wilde</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 9th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99841/public-safety-reform-targeted-violence/">Public-Safety Reform and Preventing Targeted Violence: Two Sides of the Same Public-Health Coin</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosanderic/" title="Profile and articles by Eric Rosand" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eric Rosand</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weinestevan/" title="Profile and articles by Stevan Weine" class="author url fn" rel="author">Stevan Weine</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gimenezalejandrosantana/" title="Profile and articles by Alejandro Giménez Santana" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alejandro Giménez Santana</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99831/reaim-second-summit-context/">Putting the Second REAIM Summit into Context</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/vestnertobias/" title="Profile and articles by Tobias Vestner" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tobias Vestner</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/cleoburysimon/" title="Profile and articles by Simon Cleobury" class="author url fn" rel="author">Simon Cleobury</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99113/north-korea-growing-threat/">The Growing Threat from North Korea</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kirbymichael/" title="Profile and articles by The Hon. Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. Michael Kirby</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/">‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99069/artificial-intelligence-democracy-effects/">Don’t Downplay Risks of AI for Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nosselsuzanne/" title="Profile and articles by Suzanne Nossel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Suzanne Nossel</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98844/dont-sanction-icc/">Don’t Sanction the ICC for Doing its Job</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mayamichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Maya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Maya</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98895/presidential-immunity-congressional-contempt/">Presidential Immunity Decision May Have Implications for Congressional-Executive Divide on Criminal Contempt</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wrightandy/" title="Profile and articles by Andy Wright" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andy Wright</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/">Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98812/icc-amicus-brief-israel-palestine/">Expert Explainer: The US for the first time submits a formal brief to the International Criminal Court on the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchwaldtodd/" title="Profile and articles by Todd Buchwald" class="author url fn" rel="author">Todd Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98733/ukraine-icc-ratification/">Unforced Error: Article 124 and the Regrettable Caveat to Ukraine’s Proposed Ratification of the ICC Statute</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98674/911-plea-deals-revoked/">Revoking the 9/11 Plea Deals: Human Rights Consequences</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98652/afghanistan-taliban-third-anniversary/">Collecting Just Security’s Afghanistan Coverage on Third Anniversary of Taliban Takeover</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98592/sudan-talks-deadlock/">Breaking the Deadlock: New Talks Needed to Help End Sudan’s Violence and Offer a Glimmer of Hope</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/abdulshafiquscondy/" title="Profile and articles by Quscondy Abdulshafi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Quscondy Abdulshafi</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98543/fara-sue-mi-terry/">The Perils of Expertise: How the DOJ Indictment of Sue Mi Terry Can Chill the Think Tank World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/craiggregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory B. Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97747/trump-docs-case-dismissed/">Judge Cannon Finds Special Counsel Unconstitutional in Trump Classified Documents Case: What’s Next for Jack Smith?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97718/nato-summit-ukraine-russia-china/">After the NATO Summit, Allies Need to Step Up Their Game on Ukraine, Russia, and China</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kramerdavidj/" title="Profile and articles by David J. Kramer" class="author url fn" rel="author">David J. Kramer</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kellyian/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77022/january-6-clearinghouse/">January 6 Clearinghouse</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hendrixjustin/" title="Profile and articles by Justin Hendrix" class="author url fn" rel="author">Justin Hendrix</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a></p> <p class="date">Mar 14th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jessica Peake</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/94368/symposium-view-from-lviv/">Symposium: International Law in Ukraine – The View from Lviv</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Apr 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/95879/symposium-international-criminal-court-gaza/">A Symposium on the International Criminal Court and the Israel-Hamas War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/90411/2024-and-beyond-just-securitys-us-election-protection-coverage/">2024 and Beyond: Just Security’s US Election Protection Coverage</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mollenkampallison2/" title="Profile and articles by Allison Mollenkamp" class="author url fn" rel="author">Allison Mollenkamp</a></p> <p class="date">Dec 4th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92429/introducing-just-securitys-series-on-reparations-in-russias-war-against-ukraine/">Introducing Just Security’s Series on Reparations in Russia’s War Against Ukraine</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/corrarinomegan/" title="Profile and articles by Megan Corrarino" class="author url fn" rel="author">Megan Corrarino</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92446/establish-syria-victims-fund/">It’s Time to Establish a Syria Victims Fund</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/seifjoumana/" title="Profile and articles by Joumana Seif" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joumana Seif</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89838/the-future-of-atrocity-prevention-a-joint-symposium/">The Future of Atrocity Prevention: A Joint Symposium</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/whiddengwendolyn/" title="Profile and articles by Gwendolyn Whidden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gwendolyn Whidden</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89583/introduction-to-symposium-governing-artificial-intelligence-power-justice-and-the-limits-of-the-law/">Introducing the Symposium on AI Governance: Power, Justice, and the Limits of the Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 18th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88143/introduction-to-symposium-ending-perpetual-war/">Introduction to Symposium: Ending Perpetual War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 11th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/87280/joint-symposium-on-u-s-cooperation-with-the-international-criminal-courts-ukraine-investigation/">Joint Symposium on U.S. Cooperation with the International Criminal Court’s Ukraine Investigation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/86748/u-n-general-assembly-and-international-criminal-tribunal-for-the-crime-of-aggression-against-ukraine/">U.N. General Assembly and International Criminal Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">May 9th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/85110/introducing-the-symposium-on-u-s-support-for-the-iccs-trust-fund-for-victims/">Introducing the Symposium on U.S. Support for the ICC’s Trust Fund for Victims</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/williamspaul/" title="Profile and articles by Paul R. Williams" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul R. Williams</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steriomilena/" title="Profile and articles by Milena Sterio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Milena Sterio</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/duttonyvonne/" title="Profile and articles by Yvonne Dutton" class="author url fn" rel="author">Yvonne Dutton</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kochalexandra/" title="Profile and articles by Alexandra Koch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alexandra Koch</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/waldocklilian/" title="Profile and articles by Lilian Waldock" class="author url fn" rel="author">Lilian Waldock</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lavaudfloriane/" title="Profile and articles by Floriane Lavaud" class="author url fn" rel="author">Floriane Lavaud</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/singhashika/" title="Profile and articles by Ashika Singh" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ashika Singh</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/glimcherisabelle/" title="Profile and articles by Isabelle Glimcher" class="author url fn" rel="author">Isabelle Glimcher</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 13th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84901/antisemitism-and-threats-to-american-democracy/">Antisemitism and Threats to American Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hershenoveileen/" title="Profile and articles by Eileen B. Hershenov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eileen B. Hershenov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greerryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan B. Greer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan B. Greer</a></p> <p class="date">Jan 26th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84636/toward-a-values-based-foreign-policy-developing-an-ethical-checklist/">Toward a Values-Based Foreign Policy: Developing an Ethical Checklist</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mulreanpeter/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador Peter Mulrean (ret.)" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador Peter Mulrean (ret.)</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hawkwilliamj/" title="Profile and articles by William J. Hawk" class="author url fn" rel="author">William J. Hawk</a></p> <p class="date">Jan 4th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/83994/tracking-cop27-notable-moments-and-key-themes/">Tracking COP27: Notable Moments and Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fangkatherine/" title="Profile and articles by Katherine Fang" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katherine Fang</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 18th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/83460/on-indigenous-peoples-day-reflections-on-tribal-sovereignty-in-haaland-v-brackeen/">On Indigenous Peoples’ Day, Reflections on Tribal Sovereignty in Haaland v. Brackeen</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/whiteeagleamanda/" title="Profile and articles by Amanda L. White Eagle" class="author url fn" rel="author">Amanda L. White Eagle</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 10th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/83749/ending-perpetual-war/">Ending Perpetual War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/83117/the-case-for-creating-an-international-tribunal-to-prosecute-the-crime-of-aggression-against-ukraine/">The Case for Creating an International Tribunal to Prosecute the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine (Part I)</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hathawayoona/" title="Profile and articles by Oona A. Hathaway" class="author url fn" rel="author">Oona A. Hathaway</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 20th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/80800/introduction-to-symposium-still-at-war-where-and-why-the-united-states-is-fighting-the-war-on-terror/">Introduction to Symposium: Still at War – Where and Why the United States is Fighting the “War on Terror”</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Mar 24th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/82665/after-a-year-of-privation-with-the-talibans-return-the-people-of-afghanistan-deserve-better-from-the-us-and-the-world/">After a Year of Privation With the Taliban’s Return, the People of Afghanistan Deserve Better from the US and the World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andishanasir/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador Nasir A. Andisha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador Nasir A. Andisha</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/marastonimarzia/" title="Profile and articles by Marzia Marastoni" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marzia Marastoni</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/80290/introduction-to-just-securitys-series-on-executive-order-9066-80-years-after-signing/">Introduction to Just Security’s Series on Executive Order 9066, 80 Years After Signing</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/corrarinomegan/" title="Profile and articles by Megan Corrarino" class="author url fn" rel="author">Megan Corrarino</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 18th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/79951/congress-can-and-should-address-the-threat-from-unauthorized-paramilitary-activity/">Congress Can and Should Address the Threat from Unauthorized Paramilitary Activity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mccordmary/" title="Profile and articles by Mary B. McCord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Mary B. McCord</a></p> <p class="date">Jan 24th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/79900/the-good-governance-papers-a-january-2022-report-card-update/">The Good Governance Papers: A January 2022 “Report Card” Update</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bermanemily/" title="Profile and articles by Emily Berman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emily Berman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/corrarinomegan/" title="Profile and articles by Megan Corrarino" class="author url fn" rel="author">Megan Corrarino</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rudesilldakota/" title="Profile and articles by Dakota S. Rudesill" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dakota S. Rudesill</a></p> <p class="date">Jan 20th, 2022</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/78797/symposium-recap-security-privacy-and-innovation-reshaping-law-for-the-ai-era/">Symposium Recap: Security, Privacy and Innovation – Reshaping Law for the AI Era</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brawleylaura/" title="Profile and articles by Laura Brawley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Laura Brawley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joardarantara/" title="Profile and articles by Antara Joardar" class="author url fn" rel="author">Antara Joardar</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/narasimhanmadhu/" title="Profile and articles by Madhu Narasimhan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Madhu Narasimhan</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 29th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/78063/towards-a-new-treaty-on-crimes-against-humanity-next-steps/">Towards a New Treaty on Crimes Against Humanity: Next Steps</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sadatleila/" title="Profile and articles by Leila Nadya Sadat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Leila Nadya Sadat</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 13th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/78118/introduction-to-a-symposium-how-perpetual-war-has-changed-us-reflections-on-the-anniversary-of-9-11/">Introduction to Symposium: How Perpetual War Has Changed Us — Reflections on the Anniversary of 9/11</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goldbrennerrachel/" title="Profile and articles by Rachel Goldbrenner" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rachel Goldbrenner</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 7th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77536/new-just-security-series-beyond-the-myanmar-coup/">New Just Security Series: Beyond the Myanmar Coup</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 19th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77262/new-just-security-series-reflections-on-afghanistan-on-the-eve-of-withdrawal/">New Just Security Series: Reflections on Afghanistan on the Eve of Withdrawal</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brannenkate/" title="Profile and articles by Kate Brannen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kate Brannen</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 30th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/76906/introducing-a-symposium-on-the-un-global-counterterrorism-strategy/">Introducing a Symposium on the UN Global Counterterrorism Strategy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brannenkate/" title="Profile and articles by Kate Brannen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kate Brannen</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 14th, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/76709/the-mendez-principles-leadership-to-transform-interrogation-via-science-law-and-ethics/">The Méndez Principles: Leadership to Transform Interrogation via Science, Law, and Ethics</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barelasteven/" title="Profile and articles by Steven J. Barela" class="author url fn" rel="author">Steven J. Barela</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fallonmark/" title="Profile and articles by Mark Fallon" class="author url fn" rel="author">Mark Fallon</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 1st, 2021</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/76692/introduction-to-just-securitys-series-on-tulsa-race-massacre-of-1921/">Introduction to Just Security’s Series on Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bergerchristine/" title="Profile and articles by Christine Berger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Christine Berger</a></p> <p class="date">May 29th, 2021</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Key Topics</h3><div class="sub-title">Scroll within to view all topics.</div></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-2" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><div class="flexible-content links custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:255px;"><ul class="link-list"><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/artificial-intelligence/">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84303/just-securitys-climate-archive/">Climate Change</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/congressional-oversight/">Congressional Oversight</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/counterterrorism/">Counterterrorism</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/democracy/">Democracy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/diplomacy/">Diplomacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/disinformation/">Disinformation</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/human-rights/">Human Rights</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/immigration/">Immigration</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/intelligence/">Intelligence activities</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-criminal-law/">International Criminal Law</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/category/israel-hamas-war/">Israel-Hamas War</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/january-6th-attack-on-us-capitol/">January 6th Attack on US Capitol</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/law-of-armed-conflict/">Law of Armed Conflict</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/local-voices/">Local Voices</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/racial-justice/">Racial Justice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/social-media-platforms/">Social Media Platforms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations/">United Nations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/use-of-force/">Use of Force</a></li></ul></div></aside></div></div><div id="post-meta-after" class="pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div class="post-bottom-row about-authors clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>About the Author(s)</h3></div><div class="primary"><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fidelleugene/">Eugene R. <span>Fidell</span></a></h4><p>Eugene R. Fidell teaches Military Justice at Yale Law School and is of counsel at the Washington, DC firm Feldesman Leifer LLP. He is a co-author of Military Justice: Cases and Materials (Carolina Academic Press 4th ed. 2023).</p> </div><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fissellbrenner/">Brenner M. <span>Fissell</span></a></h4><p>Brenner M. Fissell is professor of law at Villanova Law. For the 2024-2025 academic year, he is also the Class of 1964 fellow at the United States Naval Academy's Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership.</p> </div><p class="clearfix"> <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org" class="button has-icon icon-fa"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Send A Letter To The Editor </a> </p></div></div><div class="post-bottom-row related-posts clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>Read these related stories next:</h3></div><div class="primary archive-wrap"><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2181065820.jpg?fit=768%2C512&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/">Magnitsky-Style Sanctions Are a Precision Measure for Iran’s Crisis of Impunity</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thompsonskylar/" title="Profile and articles by Skylar Thompson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Skylar Thompson</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kubeschnatalia/" title="Profile and articles by Natalia Kubesch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Natalia Kubesch</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 21st, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104983/abu-ghraib-alien-tort-statute/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1937062-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C559&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104983/abu-ghraib-alien-tort-statute/">Abu Ghraib Torture Survivors’ Landmark Win Gives Hope for Alien Tort Statute Cases</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hathawayoona/" title="Profile and articles by Oona A. Hathaway" class="author url fn" rel="author">Oona A. Hathaway</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 20th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104893/guantanamo-plea-deal-appeal/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Guantanamo-Office-of-Military-Commissions-scaled-e1731906002660.jpg?fit=768%2C296&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104893/guantanamo-plea-deal-appeal/">How Much (or How Little) Does the Biden Administration Want Justice in the 9/11 Case?</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/roehmscott/" title="Profile and articles by Scott Roehm" class="author url fn" rel="author">Scott Roehm</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mossian/" title="Profile and articles by Ian Moss" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ian Moss</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 18th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104588/fix-defense-production-act-committee/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Dpa_Cropped-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C332&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104588/fix-defense-production-act-committee/">How to Fix the Defense Production Act Committee</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dodgejoel/" title="Profile and articles by Joel Dodge" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joel Dodge</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 5th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Trudeau_Cropped2-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C338&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104416/congress-protect-americans-transnational-repression/">Congress Should Protect Americans from Transnational Repression</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ahmedrasheed/" title="Profile and articles by Rasheed Ahmed" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rasheed Ahmed</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104385/presumptive-privilege-trump-pence/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1477112831-scaled-e1730205864291.jpg?fit=768%2C404&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104385/presumptive-privilege-trump-pence/">Does a “Presumptive” Privilege Protect President Trump from Prosecution for Pressuring Pence?</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/alschuleralbert/" title="Profile and articles by Albert W. Alschuler" class="author url fn" rel="author">Albert W. Alschuler</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 29th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104255/frictionless-government-national-security-constitution/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/GettyImages-1409850965-scaled-e1694568285559.jpg?fit=768%2C384&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104255/frictionless-government-national-security-constitution/">Frictionless Government and the National Security Constitution</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/deeksashley/" title="Profile and articles by Ashley Deeks" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ashley Deeks</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eichensehrkristen/" title="Profile and articles by Kristen Eichensehr" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kristen Eichensehr</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 28th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104211/military-overseas-voters-voter-suppression/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-2149130921-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C405&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104211/military-overseas-voters-voter-suppression/">Don’t Let Military and Overseas Voters Become the Next Targets for Voter Suppression</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gephardtrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gephardt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gephardt</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mccarthydeboraha/" title="Profile and articles by Deborah A. McCarthy" class="author url fn" rel="author">Deborah A. McCarthy</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104268/international-law-united-states/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-1668652051-1-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C441&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104268/international-law-united-states/">Confronting the War on International Law in the United States</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ingberrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Ingber" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Ingber</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 25th, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103876/proportional-representation-political-violence/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-1311520043-scaled.jpg?fit=768%2C442&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103876/proportional-representation-political-violence/">Proportional Representation Could Reduce the Risk of Political Violence in the U.S.</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/farajifarbod/" title="Profile and articles by Farbod Faraji" class="author url fn" rel="author">Farbod Faraji</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dresdenjennifer/" title="Profile and articles by Jennifer Dresden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jennifer Dresden</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 21st, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104065/natural-disaster-terrorism-elections/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GettyImages-2178247559-scaled-e1729259493849.jpg?fit=768%2C389&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104065/natural-disaster-terrorism-elections/">Natural Disasters, Terrorist Disruptions and Presidential Elections</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goldfederjerry/" title="Profile and articles by Jerry Goldfeder" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jerry Goldfeder</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 21st, 2024</p> </div><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103743/lifting-russia-sanctions/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GettyImages-1300175191-scaled-e1717001792398.jpg?fit=768%2C452&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103743/lifting-russia-sanctions/">Lifting Russia Sanctions – What Can a President Do Unilaterally?</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/markustaisa/" title="Profile and articles by Taisa Markus" class="author url fn" rel="author">Taisa Markus</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 16th, 2024</p> </div></div></div></div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { // make a copy so that the authors and related can come after the post story // when on mobile (under 768px) var $postAuthors = $('.post-bottom-row.about-authors'); var $postRelated = $('.post-bottom-row.related-posts'); $postAuthors.clone().addClass('mobile-authors').appendTo('#primary'); $postRelated.clone().addClass('mobile-related').appendTo('#primary'); }); </script> </div> <footer id="footer" class="clearfix" role="contentinfo"> <div class="pagewidth pw1000"> <div class="col-1"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org"><img src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/images/footer-logo.png" alt="Just Security logo" /></a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-am">A.M. Early Edition</a><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">P.M. Today at Just Security</a></div><div class="col-2"><div class="about"><aside id="text-3" class="widget widget_text clearfix"> <div class="textwidget"><h3 class="widget-title"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/about-us/">About Us</a></h3> <p>Just Security is based at the Reiss Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law.</p> </div> </aside></div><div class="contact-row"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/contact/" class="contact">Contact Us</a> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/contact/" class="icon"><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Just_Security" class="icon" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/JSBlog/" class="icon" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/just-security-linkedin/" class="icon" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="screen-reader-text">Follow us on Linkedin</span> </a> </div></div><div class="col-3"> <div class="links"> <a href="https://www.nyu.edu/footer/accessibility.html" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-universal-access" aria-hidden="true"></i> Accessibility</a> <div class="copyright">© 2024 Just Security</div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/104857\/supreme-court-servicemembers-1259\/":104857}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/accordions-pro/assets/frontend/js/scripts.js?ver=1732370744" id="accordions_pro_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/js/site.js?ver=1727362368" id="ds-site-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/js/smart-menus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.0" id="ds-smartmenus-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/js/smart-menus/jquery.smartmenus.keyboard.min.js?ver=1.0" id="ds-smartmenus-keyboard-nav-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/themes/justsecurity21/assets/js/custom-scrollbar/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.js?ver=1.0" id="ds-custom-scrollbar-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"77857433\",\"post\":\"104857\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.justsecurity.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "77857433", "104857" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.0" id="sharing-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($){ $(window).on('load', function() { $('.custom-scroll').mCustomScrollbar(); }); })(jQuery); </script> <style> </style> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { }); </script> <script> var accordions_active = null; var accordions_tabs_active = null; </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Equal Access to the Supreme Court for Servicemembers: The Missing Pieces