Mercury | AMERICAN ELEMENTS®

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class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/magyarorszag.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hungary <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/india.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> India <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/indonesia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indonesia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a 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class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mexico.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Mexico <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/nederland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Netherlands <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/norge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Norway <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/philippines.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Philippines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/polska.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Poland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/portugal.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Portugal <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/russia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Russia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/singapore.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Singapore <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/korea.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> South Korea <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/espana.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Spain <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sverige.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Sweden <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/switzerland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Switzerland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/taiwan.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Taiwan <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thailand.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Thailand <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/turkiye.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Turkey <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/united-kingdom.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United Kingdom <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United States <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-1 tbm-right tbm-item--has-dropdown" aria-level="1"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-1 no-link tbm-toggle" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products <span class="tbm-caption"></span> </span> <button class="tbm-submenu-toggle"><span class="visually-hidden">Toggle submenu</span></button> </div> <div class="tbm-submenu tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span2 hidden-collapse"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <div class="tbm-block"> <div class="block-inner"> <div id="block-fixed-block-contentempty-block--2"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tbm-column span2"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-1 items-5" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-2" aria-level="2"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/search-products?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-2"> Search Products <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Element <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-36" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/products-by-element?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Elements <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/al.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aluminum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Antimony <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/as.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Arsenic <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ba.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Barium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/be.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Beryllium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bi.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bismuth <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Boron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bromine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bromine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cadmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ca.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Calcium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cc.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Carbon <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ce.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cerium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cs.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cesium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chlorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chlorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cr.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chromium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/co.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cobalt <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Copper <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/dy.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dysprosium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/er.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Erbium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/eu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Europium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fluorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fluorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gadolinium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ga.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gallium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Germanium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/au.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gold <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hf.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hafnium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ho.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Holmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/in.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ii.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iodine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ir.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iridium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fe.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/la.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lanthanum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> 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class="highlighted"> <aside class="layout-container section clearfix" role="complementary"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </aside> </div> <div id="main-wrapper" class="page-layout-main-wrapper layout-container clearfix"> <div id="main" class="layout-main clearfix container-fluid"> <main id="content" class="column main-content" role="main"> <section class="section"><a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div> <div id="block-ae-theme-gratis-ae-subtheme-system-main"> <article data-history-node-id="358360" class="elements"> <div class="element-main"> <div class="elements__banner "><img src="/images/2024-08/mercury-banner.jpg"> </div> <h1 class="elements__banner__title"><span>Mercury</span></h1> <div class="elements__banner__properties"> <div class="elements__banner__properties--number"> 80 </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--symbol"> Hg </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--mass"> 200.59 </div> </div> </div> <div class="elements__content"> <div class="ae-tabs"> <div class="ae-tabs-headers"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#about" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-about">About <div class="views-element-container"> <div class="js-view-dom-id-f218043f7db6beb462f3a5840e5c5e06866857c597e93e4dda63c777f5510f9b"> <div class="all-items"> <div> Mercury </div> </div> </div> </div></a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-products">Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" class="ae-tabs-headers--header active" data-tab="tab-properties">Properties</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties-and-products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-properties-and-products">Properties & Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safety" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-safety">Safety</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hg.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-isotopes">Isotopes</a> </div> <div class="ae-tabs-content"> <div id="tab-about" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--about paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">About Mercury</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/element-bohr-models/mercury-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Mercury Bohr" width="200" height="200"> <p>Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure, a property that results from a unique electron configuration that gives rise to unusually weak metallic bonds. Its chemical symbol Hg arises from the latin hydragyrum, meaning “liquid-silver”, and its common name was borrowed from the Roman god Mercury. The element was known to ancient civilizations, and though its metallic nature was not initially understood, its unique properties led it to be almost invariably seen as special or even imbued with magical powers. Its earliest uses were ceremonial, decorative, or medical; it was used in medical ointments and elixirs, cosmetics, and reflecting pools, and frequently was buried in large quantities alongside dead rulers. Medical uses of mercury are so embedded in some traditional healing practices that some practitioners still recommend the consumption of the mercury ore <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfide-1344-48-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">cinnabar</a> for specific ailments or as a supplement for general health.</p> <p>It has long been recognized that acute inhalations of mercury can lead to significant symptoms, but it is now understood that the slow elimination of most forms of mercury from the body ensures that even low levels can cause severe damage if chronic exposure allows for significant accumulation. A famous example of such gradual poisonings resulted from the use of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-nitrate-dihydrate-14836-60-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">mercuric nitrate</a> in processing the animal skins used in 18th and 19th century hatmaking, which led to the coining of the phrase “mad as a hatter.” Increasing recognition of the dangers of chronic mercury exposure and of widespread environmental contamination due to mercury-containing products has driven significant reduction in many classical uses of the element.</p> <p>Perhaps the most longstanding use of mercury not based primarily on its alluring physical properties was in amalgamation. Mercury will form amalgams with most common metals with the notable exception of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fe.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">iron</a>; as early as 500 BCE this was exploited for extraction or refining of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ag.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">silver</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/au.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">gold</a>. This practice continued in precious metal mining for centuries, though it’s use dwindled with increasing recognition of mercury’s toxicity until ceasing altogether in modern times. Amalgams were also widely used in dental fillings, and are still sometimes used this way today, though both toxicity and cosmetic concerns have led to their increasing replacement by alternative materials.</p> <p>The pattern of widespread exploitation of unique properties followed by drastic scalebacks or total cessation of use in a given application due to greater recognition of safety risks has repeated throughout mercury’s history. Liquid mercury is opaque, dense, and displays almost-linear thermal expansion, making it ideal for use in instruments for measuring temperature or pressure. It is still used this way in some industrial and technical applications, but has been largely removed from medical equipment and most consumer versions of such products. Additionally, as a liquid that conducts electricity, it was used in mercury switches, which were often used in home light switches and thermostats, but these uses were discontinued. Mercury was also a common component of some types of batteries, but concerns about contaminations of landfills have all but eliminated this use. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfide-1344-48-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury sulfide</a>, which occurs naturally as the mineral cinnabar, has been used to produce brilliant warm-colored pigments, most famously “China red”, for centuries and is still used by some artists, but has been replaced by less-toxic pigments for most uses.</p> <p>Even mercury’s toxicity has been exploited for practical applications. Mercury has been used in insecticides, herbicides, wood preservatives, and anti-fouling paints, but widespread use of all of these products have been discontinued. The organomercury preservative thiomersal was once used widely in vaccines, and though unlike most mercury compounds it produced a metabolite--ethylmercury--that was known to be eliminated from the body relatively quickly and therefore be nontoxic at the extremely low concentrations used in vaccines, public concern about the potential for toxicity has led to its elimination from most formulations. Mercury has also been used as an antiseptic and a diuretic, but these uses are now exceedingly rare and continue to decline.</p> <p>Reductions in mercury usage in industrial applications have proceeded somewhat more slowly than the elimination of mercury from consumer products. Traditional chloralkali plants use mercury as one electrode in the electrolysis of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-chloride-7647-14-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">sodium chloride</a> to produce sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas. New chloralkali plants are required to be designed for use of alternative technology that does not require mercury, but existing plants still consume the majority of mercury produced. Mercury also continues to be used in a number of niche laboratory applications, including liquid mirror telescopes, and in the production of a few compound semiconductor materials used for infrared detection.</p> <p>A notable exception to the elimination of mercury from consumer products is seen in the proliferation of fluorescent light bulbs which contain small amounts of mercury vapor. The energy efficiency of fluorescent bulbs compared to traditional incandescent lighting is generally considered to be an advantage large enough to outweigh the risks associated with the small amount of mercury the bulbs contain, however such bulbs do require careful disposal, and other energy efficient lighting technologies such as LEDs are beginning to be a competitive alternative for at least some lighting applications.</p> <p>Mercury occurs naturally in elemental form on occasion, but is mostly found as the sulfide mineral cinnabar. It is extracted from this mineral by roasting to produce mercury vapor and sulfur dioxide. Mercury is also sometimes recovered as a byproduct of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ag.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">silver</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/au.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">gold</a> mining, and recycling of old mercury-containing devices is a significant source of the metal.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-products" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--product paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title">Products</h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346397">Featured High Purity Products</h4> 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-iodide-solution-7774-29-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Iodide Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-nitrate-10415-75-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(I) Nitrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-nitrate-dihydrate-14836-60-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(I) Nitrate Dihydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-nitrate-monohydrate-7783-34-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Nitrate Monohydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-nitrate-solution-7783-34-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Nitrate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-perchlorate-tetrahydrate-312623-78-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(I) Perchlorate Tetrahydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-perchlorate-hydrate-304656-34-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Perchlorate Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-silver-iodide-7784-03-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Silver Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-sulfate-7783-36-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(I) Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfate-7783-35-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfide-1344-48-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Sulfide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfide-black-1344-48-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Sulfide Black</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-sulfide-red-1344-48-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Sulfide Red</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-tetrathiocyanatocobaltate-ii-27685-51-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Tetrathiocyanatocobaltate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-thiocyanate-592-85-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Thiocyanate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-tungstate-38705-19-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(I) Tungstate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-tungstate-37913-38-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Tungstate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-zinc-thiocyanate-15318-77-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Zinc Thiocyanate</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346399">Metallic Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346399"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="metallic-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-liquid-7439-97-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Liquid</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346400">Alloys</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346400"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="alloy-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-mercury-amalgam-11110-52-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Sodium Mercury Amalgam</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346401">Oxide Forms</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346401"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="oxide-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-red-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercuric Oxide Red</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-powder-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Oxide Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-oxide-yellow-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Oxide Yellow</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346402">Organometallics</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346402"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="organometallic-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/diphenylmercury-ii-587-85-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Diphenylmercury(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ethylmercuric-chloride-107-27-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Ethylmercuric Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-bis-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-imide-104715-41-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-dibromofluorescein-disodium-salt-129-16-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Dibromofluorescein Disodium Salt</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ethyl-phosphate-2235-25-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Ethyl Phosphate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-phenyl-acetate-62-38-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Phenyl Acetate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-trifluoroacetate-13257-51-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Trifluoroacetate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-trifluoromethanesulfonate-49540-00-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/methylmercury-ii-chloride-115-09-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Methylmercury(II) Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/methylmercury-ii-hydroxide-1184-57-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Methylmercury(II) Hydroxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/methylmercury-ii-iodide-143-36-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Methylmercury(II) Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/phenylmercury-propionate-103-27-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Phenylmercury Propionate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetrakis-acetoxymercuri-methane-25201-30-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346403">Semiconductor & Optical</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346403"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="semiconductor-optical-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hgpse3-crystal?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">HgPSe<sub>3</sub> Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-cadmium-telluride-granule-29870-72-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Cadmium Telluride Granules</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-cadmium-telluride-powder-29870-72-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Cadmium Telluride Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-cadmium-telluride-lump-29870-72-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Cadmium Telluride Lump</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-indium-selenide-granule?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Indium Selenide Granule</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-indium-selenide-powder?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Indium Selenide Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-indium-selenide-lump?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Indium Selenide Lump</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-selenide-20601-83-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Selenide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-telluride-12068-90-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury Telluride</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346404">Isotopes</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346404"> <div class="panel-body collapse row" id="isotope-products"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-202-metal-isotope?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury-202 Metal Isotope</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div id="products-intro"> <p><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-powder-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/mercury-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Mercury Oxide (HgO) Powder" width="136" height="119"></a> Mercury is used in the manufacture of industrial chemicals and in electronic applications. For example, mercury is used as gaseous mercury in fluorescent lamps. Some thermometers, particularly those which are used to measure high temperatures, still use mercury. Many of the applications that mercury has been used for in the past are slowly being phased out due to health and safety regulations. Mercury is available as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/metals.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">ultra-high purity</a>). Mercury is available in elemental or metallic form as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-liquid-7439-97-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">mercury liquid</a>. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-oxide-21908-53-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Mercury oxides</a> are available for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications.<a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/oxides.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"> Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. Mercury is also available in soluble forms including <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-i-chloride-10112-91-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">chlorides</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mercury-ii-nitrate-solution-7783-34-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">nitrates</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/solutions?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-properties" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--properties-element paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Mercury Properties</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <p><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/mercury-bohr.jpg" alt="Mercury Bohr Model" width="200" height="200"><strong>Mercury</strong> is a Block D, Group 12, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Mercury's shells is 2, 8, 18,32, 18, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>. The mercury atom has a radius of 216.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 155.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7439-97-6, mercury has a silvery appearance. Mercury is found both as a native metal and in cinnabar, corderoite, and livingstonite ores. Mercury was named after the planet "Mercury" and has been known since ancient times.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--two-columns-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="two-columns-accordion__left"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346406">General Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346406"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Hg</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>200.59</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>transition metal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>12, 6, d</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery white/ silvery-white</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Mercure, Quecksilber, Mercurio</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346407">Physical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346407"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="physical-properties"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>38.83 °C, 37.89 °F, 234.32 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>356.73 °C, 674.11 °F, 629.88 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>13.534 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>13.546 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>14190 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.14 (kJ/kg K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>3.95 [or -269.2 °C (-452.6 °F)] K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>234.3156 K, 1.65×10 7 kPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>1750 K, 172.00 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>2.331</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>59.11</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>64.463</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>8.30 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(25 °C) 60.4 µm·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(25 °C) 961nΩ·m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>27.983 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>(liquid, 20 °C) 1451.4 m·s<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.44</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.81 (sp orbital)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>73</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>1.000933  </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346408">Chemical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346408"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="chemical-properties"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>121</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Xe] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>151 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.23</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>132±5 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.32</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>155 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>4, 2 (mercuric), 1 (mercurous) (mildly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Liquid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>rhombohedral</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>diamagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>Not stable</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1007.07 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1809.69 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>3299.82 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion__right"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346777">Identifiers</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346777"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7439-97-6</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-106-7</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011035</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Hg]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Hg</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23931</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22373</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346778">Abundance</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346778"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>7.9 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>0.09 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>8.3 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.0015</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>67</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.12</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.07</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.0004</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>250</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.006</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346779">History</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346779"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>Prior to 2000 BC</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-safety" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--safety-tab paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Mercury</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <p>Mercury is very toxic. Safety data for Mercury and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Mercury.</p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/properties-identifiers.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#msds">Material Safety Data Sheet</a></th> <td><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/request.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">MSDS</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#signalword">Signal Word</a></th> <td>Danger</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardstatements">Hazard Statements</a></th> <td>H330-H360D-H372-H410</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardcodes">Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>T+,N</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#riskcodes">Risk Codes</a></th> <td>61-26-48/23-50/53</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safetyprecautions">Safety Precautions</a></th> <td>53-45-60-61</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#rtecs">RTECS Number</a></th> <td>OV4550000</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#transportation">Transport Information</a></th> <td>UN 2809 8/PG 3</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#wgk">WGK Germany</a></th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a hrefti="hazard-codes.html">Globally Harmonized System of </a><br><a hrefti="hazard-codes.html">Classification and Labelling (GHS)</a></th> <td><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#environment"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/environment.png" alt="Environment-Hazardous to the aquatic environment " width="42" height="42"></a><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#healthhazard"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/health-hazzard.png" alt="Health Hazard" width="45" height="45"></a><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#skullcrossbones"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/skull.png" alt="Skull and Crossbones-Acute Toxicity " width="44" height="43"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-isotopes" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--isotopes paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Mercury Isotopes</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <p>Mercury has seven stable isotopes:</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide"><strong>Nuclide</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="mass"><strong>Isotopic Mass</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="half-life"><strong>Half-Life</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="decay"><strong>Mode of Decay</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin"><strong>Nuclear Spin</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment"><strong>Magnetic Moment</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy"><strong>Binding Energy (MeV)</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance"><strong>Natural Abundance</strong><br><strong>(% by atom)</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>171</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>171.00376(32)#</td> <td>80(30) µs [59(+36-16) µs]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>3/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1291.69</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>172</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>171.99883(22)</td> <td>420(240) µs [0.25(+35-9) ms]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>0</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1309.09</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>173</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>172.99724(22)#</td> <td>1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5-2) ms]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>3/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1317.17</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>174</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>173.992864(21)</td> <td>2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18-7) ms]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1325.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>175</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>174.99142(11)</td> <td>10.8(4) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>171</sup>Pt</td> <td>5/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1333.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>176</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>175.987355(15)</td> <td>20.4(15) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>172</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>176</sup>Au</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1350.72</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>177</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>176.98628(8)</td> <td>127.3(18) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>173</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>177</sup>Au</td> <td>5/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1358.8</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>178</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>177.982483(14)</td> <td>0.269(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>174</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>178</sup>Au</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1366.88</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>179</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>178.981834(29)</td> <td>1.09(4) s</td> <td>a to <sup>175</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>179</sup>Au; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>178</sup>Pt</td> <td>5/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1374.96</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>180</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>179.978266(15)</td> <td>2.58(1) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>180</sup>Au; a to <sup>176</sup>Pt; SF</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1392.35</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>181</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>180.977819(17)</td> <td>3.6(1) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>181</sup>Au; a to <sup>177</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>180</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> + a to <sup>177</sup>Ir</td> <td>1/2(-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1400.43</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>182</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>181.97469(1)</td> <td>10.83(6) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>182</sup>Au; a to <sup>178</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>181</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1408.51</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>183</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>182.974450(9)</td> <td>9.4(7) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>183</sup>Au; a to <sup>179</sup>Pt; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>182</sup>Pt</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1416.59</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>184</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>183.971713(11)</td> <td>30.6(3) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>184</sup>Au; a to <sup>180</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1424.67</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>185</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>184.971899(17)</td> <td>49.1(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>185</sup>Au; a to <sup>181</sup>Pt</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1432.74</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>186</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>185.969362(12)</td> <td>1.38(6) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>186</sup>Au; a to <sup>182</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1450.14</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>187</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>186.969814(15)</td> <td>1.9(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>187</sup>Au; a to <sup>183</sup>Pt</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1458.22</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>188</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>187.967577(12)</td> <td>3.25(15) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>188</sup>Au; a to <sup>184</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1466.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>189</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>188.96819(4)</td> <td>7.6(1) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>189</sup>Au; a to <sup>185</sup>Pt</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1474.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>190</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>189.966322(17)</td> <td>20.0(5) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>190</sup>Au; a to <sup>186</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1482.45</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>191</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>190.967157(24)</td> <td>49(10) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>191</sup>Au</td> <td>3/2(-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1490.53</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>192</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>191.965634(17)</td> <td>4.85(20) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>192</sup>Au; a to <sup>188</sup>Pt</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1498.61</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>193</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>192.966665(17)</td> <td>3.80(15) h</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>193</sup>Au</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1506.69</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>194</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>193.965439(13)</td> <td>444(77) y</td> <td>EC to <sup>194</sup>Au</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1514.77</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>195</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>194.966720(25)</td> <td>10.53(3) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>195</sup>Au</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.541475</td> <td>1522.85</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>196</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>195.965833(3)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1530.93</td> <td>0.15</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>197</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>196.967213(3)</td> <td>64.14(5) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>197</sup>Au</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.527374</td> <td>1539.01</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>198</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>197.9667690(4)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1547.08</td> <td>9.97</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>199</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>198.9682799(4)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.5058852</td> <td>1555.16</td> <td>16.87</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>200</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>199.9683260(4)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1563.24</td> <td>23.1</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>201</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>200.9703023(6)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>-0.560225</td> <td>1562</td> <td>13.18</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>202</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>201.9706430(6)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1570.08</td> <td>29.86</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>203</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>202.9728725(18)</td> <td>46.595(6) d</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>203</sup>Tl</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>0.8489</td> <td>1578.16</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>204</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>203.9734939(4)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1586.24</td> <td>6.87</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>205</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>204.976073(4)</td> <td>5.14(9) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>205</sup>Tl</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1594.32</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>206</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>205.977514(22)</td> <td>8.15(10) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>206</sup>Tl</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1602.4</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>207</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>206.98259(16)</td> <td>2.9(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>207</sup>Tl</td> <td>(9/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1601.16</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>208</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>207.98594(32)#</td> <td>42(5) min [41(+5-4) min]</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>208</sup>Tl</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1609.24</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>209</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>208.99104(21)#</td> <td>37(8) s</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>9/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1608</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>210</sup>Hg</strong></th> <td>209.99451(32)#</td> <td>10# min [>300 ns]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1616.08</td> <td>-</td> </tr> 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