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holes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: holes"> <meta name="keywords" content="holes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="holes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 242</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: holes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Effect of Flow Holes on Heat Release Performance of Extruded-Type Heat Sink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Hyun%20Kim">Jung Hyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyo%20Woo%20Lee"> Gyo Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the enhancement of the heat release performance of an extruded-type heat sink to prepare the large-capacity solar inverter thru the flow holes in the base plate near the heat sources was investigated. Optimal location and number of the holes in the baseplate were determined by using a commercial computation program. The heat release performance of the shape-modified heat sink was measured experimentally and compared with that of the simulation. The heat sink with 12 flow holes in the 18-mm-thick base plate has a 8.1% wider heat transfer area, a 2.5% more mass flow of air, and a 2.7% higher heat release rate than those of the original heat sink. Also, the surface temperature of the base plate was lowered 1.5°C by the holes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title="heat sink">heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20convection" title=" forced convection"> forced convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20holes" title=" flow holes"> flow holes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8516/effect-of-flow-holes-on-heat-release-performance-of-extruded-type-heat-sink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> FEM for Stress Reduction by Optimal Auxiliary Holes in a Uniaxially Loaded Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basavaraj%20R.%20Endigeri">Basavaraj R. Endigeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shriharsh%20Desphande"> Shriharsh Desphande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization and reduction of stress concentration around holes in a uniaxially loaded plate is one of the important design criteria in many of the engineering applications. These stress risers will lead to failure of the component at the region of high stress concentration which has to be avoided by means of providing auxiliary holes on either side of the parent hole. By literature survey it is known that till date, there is no analytical solution documented to reduce the stress concentration by providing auxiliary holes expect for fever geometries. In the present work, plate with a hole subjected to uniaxial load is analyzed with the numerical method to determine the optimum sizes and locations for the auxillary holes for different center hole diameter to plate width ratios. The introduction of auxiliary holes at a optimum location and radii with its effect on stress concentration is also represented graphically. The finite element analysis package ANSYS 8.0 is used to carry out analysis and optimization is performed to determine the location and radii for optimum values of auxiliary holes to reduce stress concentration. All the results for different diameter to plate width ratio are presented graphically. It is found from the work that introduction of auxiliary holes on either side of central circular hole will reduce stress concentration factor by a factor of 19 to 21 percentage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration%20factor" title=" stress concentration factor"> stress concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20holes" title=" auxiliary holes"> auxiliary holes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6004/fem-for-stress-reduction-by-optimal-auxiliary-holes-in-a-uniaxially-loaded-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Performances of Two-Segment Crash Box with Holes under Oblique Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moch%20Agus%20Choiron">Moch Agus Choiron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crash box design has been developed to obtain optimum energy absorption. In this study, two-segment crash box design with holes is investigated under oblique load. The deformation behavior and crash energy absorption are observed. The analysis was performed using finite element method. The crash test components were impactor, crash box, and fixed rigid base. Impactor and the fixed base material are modelled as a rigid, and crash box material as bilinear isotropic hardening. The models consist of 2 and 4 holes laid within ¼, ½ and ¾ from first segment length. 100 mm aluminum crash box and frontal crash velocity of 16 km/jam were selected. Based on simulation results, it can be concluded that 2 holes located at ¾ has the largest crash energy absorption. This behavior associated with deformation pattern, which produces higher number of folding than other models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crash%20Box" title="crash Box">crash Box</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-segments" title=" two-segments"> two-segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holes%20configuration" title=" holes configuration"> holes configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20load" title=" oblique load"> oblique load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20pattern" title=" deformation pattern"> deformation pattern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40085/performances-of-two-segment-crash-box-with-holes-under-oblique-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Study of Photonic Crystal Band Gap and Hexagonal Microcavity Based on Elliptical Shaped Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benmerkhi">A. Benmerkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bounouioua"> A. Bounouioua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouchemat"> M. Bouchemat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Bouchemat"> T. Bouchemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a numerical optical properties of a triangular periodic lattice of elliptical air holes. We report the influence of the ratio (semi-major axis length of elliptical hole to the filling ratio) on the photonic band gap. Then by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm, the resonant wavelength of the point defect microcavities in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) shifts towards the low wavelengths with significantly increased filing ratio. It can be noted that the Q factor is gradually changed to higher when the filling ratio increases. It is due to an increase in reflectivity of the PC mirror. Also we theoretically investigate the H1 cavity, where the value of semi-major axis (Rx) of the six holes surrounding the cavity are fixed at 0.5a and the Rx of the two edge air holes are fixed at the optimum value of 0.52a. The highest Q factor of 4.1359 × 10<sup>6</sup> is achieved at the resonant mode located at λ = 1.4970 µm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal" title="photonic crystal">photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcavity" title=" microcavity"> microcavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filling%20ratio" title=" filling ratio"> filling ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20holes" title=" elliptical holes"> elliptical holes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119036/study-of-photonic-crystal-band-gap-and-hexagonal-microcavity-based-on-elliptical-shaped-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Thermodynamics of Stable Micro Black Holes Production by Modeling from the LHC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aref%20Yazdani">Aref Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Tofighi"> Ali Tofighi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study a simulative model for production of stable micro black holes based on investigation on thermodynamics of LHC experiment. We show that how this production can be achieved through a thermodynamic process of stability. Indeed, this process can be done through a very small amount of powerful fuel. By applying the second law of black hole thermodynamics at the scale of quantum gravity and perturbation expansion of the given entropy function, a time-dependent potential function is obtained which is illustrated with exact numerical values in higher dimensions. Seeking for the conditions for stability of micro black holes is another purpose of this study. This is proven through an injection method of putting the exact amount of energy into the final phase of the production which is equivalent to the same energy injection into the center of collision at the LHC in order to stabilize the produced particles. Injection of energy into the center of collision at the LHC is a new pattern that it is worth a try for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20black%20holes" title="micro black holes">micro black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LHC%20experiment" title=" LHC experiment"> LHC experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20holes%20thermodynamics" title=" black holes thermodynamics"> black holes thermodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra%20dimensions%20model" title=" extra dimensions model"> extra dimensions model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128968/thermodynamics-of-stable-micro-black-holes-production-by-modeling-from-the-lhc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Discontinuous Spacetime with Vacuum Holes as Explanation for Gravitation, Quantum Mechanics and Teleportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantin%20Z.%20Leshan">Constantin Z. Leshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hole Vacuum theory is based on discontinuous spacetime that contains vacuum holes. Vacuum holes can explain gravitation, some laws of quantum mechanics and allow teleportation of matter. All massive bodies emit a flux of holes which curve the spacetime; if we increase the concentration of holes, it leads to length contraction and time dilation because the holes do not have the properties of extension and duration. In the limited case when space consists of holes only, the distance between every two points is equal to zero and time stops - outside of the Universe, the extension and duration properties do not exist. For this reason, the vacuum hole is the only particle in physics capable of describing gravitation using its own properties only. All microscopic particles must 'jump' continually and 'vibrate' due to the appearance of holes (impassable microscopic 'walls' in space), and it is the cause of the quantum behavior. Vacuum holes can explain the entanglement, non-locality, wave properties of matter, tunneling, uncertainty principle and so on. Particles do not have trajectories because spacetime is discontinuous and has impassable microscopic 'walls' due to the simple mechanical motion is impossible at small scale distances; it is impossible to 'trace' a straight line in the discontinuous spacetime because it contains the impassable holes. Spacetime 'boils' continually due to the appearance of the vacuum holes. For teleportation to be possible, we must send a body outside of the Universe by enveloping it with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Since a material body cannot exist outside of the Universe, it reappears instantaneously in a random point of the Universe. Since a body disappears in one volume and reappears in another random volume without traversing the physical space between them, such a transportation method can be called teleportation (or Hole Teleportation). It is shown that Hole Teleportation does not violate causality and special relativity due to its random nature and other properties. Although Hole Teleportation has a random nature, it can be used for colonization of extrasolar planets by the help of the method called 'random jumps': after a large number of random teleportation jumps, there is a probability that the spaceship may appear near a habitable planet. We can create vacuum holes experimentally using the method proposed by Descartes: we must remove a body from the vessel without permitting another body to occupy this volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20of%20the%20Universe" title="border of the Universe">border of the Universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20violation" title=" causality violation"> causality violation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfect%20isolation" title=" perfect isolation"> perfect isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20jumps" title=" quantum jumps"> quantum jumps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259/discontinuous-spacetime-with-vacuum-holes-as-explanation-for-gravitation-quantum-mechanics-and-teleportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> FEM for Stress Reduction by Optimal Auxiliary Holes in a Loaded Plate with Elliptical Hole </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basavaraj%20R.%20Endigeri">Basavaraj R. Endigeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20G.%20Sarganachari"> S. G. Sarganachari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel is widely used in machine parts, structural equipment and many other applications. In many steel structural elements, holes of different shapes and orientations are made with a view to satisfy the design requirements. The presence of holes in steel elements creates stress concentration, which eventually reduce the mechanical strength of the structure. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the state of stress around the holes for the safety and properties design of such elements. By literature survey, it is known that till date, there is no analytical solution to reduce the stress concentration by providing auxiliary holes at a definite location and radii in a steel plate. The numerical method can be used to determine the optimum location and radii of auxiliary holes. In the present work plate with an elliptical hole, for a steel material subjected to uniaxial load is analyzed and the effect of stress concentration is graphically represented .The introduction of auxiliary holes at a optimum location and radii with its effect on stress concentration is also represented graphically. The finite element analysis package ANSYS 11.0 is used to analyse the steel plate. The analysis is carried out using a plane 42 element. Further the ANSYS optimization model is used to determine the location and radii for optimum values of auxiliary hole to reduce stress concentration. All the results for different diameter to plate width ratio are presented graphically. The results of this study are in the form of the graphs for determining the locations and diameter of optimal auxiliary holes. The graph of stress concentration v/s central hole diameter to plate width ratio. The Finite Elements results of the study indicates that the stress concentration effect of central elliptical hole in an uniaxial loaded plate can be reduced by introducing auxiliary holes on either side of the central circular hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration%20factor" title=" stress concentration factor"> stress concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20holes" title=" auxiliary holes"> auxiliary holes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17326/fem-for-stress-reduction-by-optimal-auxiliary-holes-in-a-loaded-plate-with-elliptical-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> An Energy Holes Avoidance Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khan">A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mahmood"> H. Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), sensor nodes close to water surface (final destination) are often preferred for selection as forwarders. However, their frequent selection makes them depleted of their limited battery power. In consequence, these nodes die during early stage of network operation and create energy holes where forwarders are not available for packets forwarding. These holes severely affect network throughput. As a result, system performance significantly degrades. In this paper, a routing protocol is proposed to avoid energy holes during packets forwarding. The proposed protocol does not require the conventional position information (localization) of holes to avoid them. Localization is cumbersome; energy is inefficient and difficult to achieve in underwater environment where sensor nodes change their positions with water currents. Forwarders with the lowest water pressure level and the maximum number of neighbors are preferred to forward packets. These two parameters together minimize packet drop by following the paths where maximum forwarders are available. To avoid interference along the paths with the maximum forwarders, a packet holding time is defined for each forwarder. Simulation results reveal superior performance of the proposed scheme than the counterpart technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20holes" title="energy holes">energy holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater" title=" underwater"> underwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77618/an-energy-holes-avoidance-routing-protocol-for-underwater-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Comparative Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Cooling Fins Using Ansys Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aakash%20Kumar%20R.%20G.">Aakash Kumar R. G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anees%20K.%20Ahamed"> Anees K. Ahamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20M.%20Mohan"> Raj M. Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective engine cooling can improve the engine’s life and efficacy. The design of the fin of the cylinder head and block determines the cooling mechanism of air cooled engine. The heat conduction takes place through the engine parts and convection of heat from the surface of the fins takes place with air as the heat transferring medium. The air surrounding the cooling fins helps in removal of heat built up by the air cooled engine. If the heat removal rate is inadequate, it will result in lower engine efficiency and high thermal stresses in the engine. The main drawback of the air cooled engine is the low heat transfer rate of the cooling fins .This work is based on scrutiny of previous researches that involves enhancing of heat transfer rate of cooling fins. The current research is about augmentation of heat transfer rate of longitudinal rectangular fin profiles by varying the length of the fin and diameter of holes on the fins. Thermal and flow analysis is done for two different models of fins. One is simple fin without holes and the other is perforated (consist of holes). It can be inferred from the research that the fins with holes have a higher fin efficiency than the fins without holes. The geometry of the fin is done in CREO. The heat transfer analysis is done using ANSYS software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fins" title="fins">fins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20fins" title=" perforated fins"> perforated fins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20flux" title=" thermal flux"> thermal flux</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59711/comparative-analysis-of-internal-combustion-engine-cooling-fins-using-ansys-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Buckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates with Central Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyasha%20Patnaik">Pratyasha Patnaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Asha"> A. V. Asha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laminated composite plates are made up of plates consisting of layers bonded together and made up of materials chemically different from each other but combined macroscopically. These have an application in aircrafts, railway coaches, bridges etc. because they are easy to handle, have got improved properties and the cost of their fabrication is low. But their failure can lead to catastrophic disasters. And generally, the failure of these structures is due to the combined effect of excessive stresses on it and buckling. Hence, the buckling behavior of these kinds of plates should be analyzed properly. Holes are provided either at the center or elsewhere in the laminar plates for the purpose of pipes for electric cables or other purposes. Due to the presence of holes in the plates, the stress concentration is near to the holes and the stiffness of the plates is reduced. In this study, the effect of a cut-out, its shape, different boundary conditions, length/thickness ratio, stacking sequence, and ply orientation has been studied. The analysis was carried out with laminated composite plates with circular, square and triangular cut-outs. Results show the effect of different cut-out shapes, boundary conditions, the orientation of layers and length/thickness ratio of the buckling load <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20plates" title=" composite plates"> composite plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut-out" title=" cut-out"> cut-out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress "> stress </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47770/buckling-analysis-of-laminated-composite-plates-with-central-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> On Energy Condition Violation for Shifting Negative Mass Black Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Urue%C3%B1a%20Palomo">Manuel Urueña Palomo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we introduce the study of a new solution to gravitational singularities by violating the energy conditions of the Penrose Hawking singularity theorems. We consider that a shift to negative energies, and thus, to negative masses, takes place at the event horizon of a black hole, justified by the original, singular and exact Schwarzschild solution. These negative energies are supported by relativistic particle physics considering the negative energy solutions of the Dirac equation, which states that a time transformation shifts to a negative energy particle. In either general relativity or full Newtonian mechanics, these negative masses are predicted to be repulsive. It is demonstrated that the model fits actual observations, and could possibly clarify the size of observed and unexplained supermassive black holes, when considering the inflation that would take place inside the event horizon where massive particles interact antigravitationally. An approximated solution of the model proposed could be simulated in order to compare it with these observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20holes" title="black holes">black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPT%20symmetry" title=" CPT symmetry"> CPT symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20mass" title=" negative mass"> negative mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20transformation" title=" time transformation"> time transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122009/on-energy-condition-violation-for-shifting-negative-mass-black-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Generalized Up-downlink Transmission using Black-White Hole Entanglement Generated by Two-level System Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arif%20Jalil">Muhammad Arif Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xaythavay%20Luangvilay"> Xaythavay Luangvilay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montree%20Bunruangses"> Montree Bunruangses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somchat%20Sonasang"> Somchat Sonasang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preecha%20Yupapin"> Preecha Yupapin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black and white holes form the entangled pair⟨BH│WH⟩, where a white hole occurs when the particle moves at the same speed as light. The entangled black-white hole pair is at the center with the radian between the gap. When the speed of particle motion is slower than light, the black hole is gravitational (positive gravity), where the white hole is smaller than the black hole. On the downstream side, the entangled pair appears to have a black hole outside the gap increases until the white holes disappear, which is the emptiness paradox. On the upstream side, when moving faster than light, white holes form times tunnels, with black holes becoming smaller. It will continue to move faster and further when the black hole disappears and becomes a wormhole (Singularity) that is only a white hole in emptiness (Emptiness). This research studies use of black and white holes generated by a two-level circuit for communication transmission carriers, in which high ability and capacity of data transmission can be obtained. The black and white hole pair can be generated by the two-level system circuit when the speech of a particle on the circuit is equal to the speed of light. The black hole forms when the particle speed has increased from slower to equal to the light speed, while the white hole is established when the particle comes down faster than light. They are bound by the entangled pair, signal and idler, ⟨Signal│Idler⟩, and the virtual ones for the white hole, which has an angular displacement of half of π radian. A two-level system is made from an electronic circuit to create black and white holes bound by the entangled bits that are immune or cloning-free from thieves. Start by creating a wave-particle behavior when its speed is equal to light black hole is in the middle of the entangled pair, which is the two bit gate. The required information can be input into the system and wrapped by the black hole carrier. A timeline (Tunnel) occurs when the wave-particle speed is faster than light, from which the entangle pair is collapsed. The transmitted information is safely in the time tunnel. The required time and space can be modulated via the input for the downlink operation. The downlink is established when the particle speed is given by a frequency(energy) form is down and entered into the entangled gap, where this time the white hole is established. The information with the required destination is wrapped by the white hole and retrieved by the clients at the destination. The black and white holes are disappeared, and the information can be recovered and used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloning%20free" title="cloning free">cloning free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20machine" title=" time machine"> time machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teleportation" title=" teleportation"> teleportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-level%20system" title=" two-level system"> two-level system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176235/generalized-up-downlink-transmission-using-black-white-hole-entanglement-generated-by-two-level-system-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Performance of Constant Load Feed Machining for Robotic Drilling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youji%20Miyake">Youji Miyake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aircraft assembly, a large number of preparatory holes are required for screw and rivet joints. Currently, many holes are drilled manually because it is difficult to machine the holes using conventional computerized numerical control(CNC) machines. The application of industrial robots to drill the hole has been considered as an alternative to the CNC machines. However, the rigidity of robot arms is so low that vibration is likely to occur during drilling. In this study, it is proposed constant-load feed machining as a method to perform high-precision drilling while minimizing the thrust force, which is considered to be the cause of vibration. In this method, the drill feed is realized by a constant load applied onto the tool so that the thrust force is theoretically kept below the applied load. The performance of the proposed method was experimentally examined through the deep hole drilling of plastic and simultaneous drilling of metal/plastic stack plates. It was confirmed that the deep hole drilling and simultaneous drilling could be performed without generating vibration by controlling the tool feed rate in the appropriate range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20load%20feed%20machining" title="constant load feed machining">constant load feed machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20drilling" title=" robotic drilling"> robotic drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20hole" title=" deep hole"> deep hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20drilling" title=" simultaneous drilling "> simultaneous drilling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137018/performance-of-constant-load-feed-machining-for-robotic-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> A Study of ZY3 Satellite Digital Elevation Model Verification and Refinement with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Wang">Bo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the first high-resolution civil optical satellite, ZY-3 satellite is able to obtain high-resolution multi-view images with three linear array sensors. The images can be used to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) through dense matching of stereo images. However, due to the clouds, forest, water and buildings covered on the images, there are some problems in the dense matching results such as outliers and areas failed to be matched (matching holes). This paper introduced an algorithm to verify the accuracy of DEM that generated by ZY-3 satellite with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Since the accuracy of SRTM (Internal accuracy: 5 m; External accuracy: 15 m) is relatively uniform in the worldwide, it may be used to improve the accuracy of ZY-3 DEM. Based on the analysis of mass DEM and SRTM data, the processing can be divided into two aspects. The registration of ZY-3 DEM and SRTM can be firstly performed using the conjugate line features and area features matched between these two datasets. Then the ZY-3 DEM can be refined by eliminating the matching outliers and filling the matching holes. The matching outliers can be eliminated based on the statistics on Local Vector Binning (LVB). The matching holes can be filled by the elevation interpolated from SRTM. Some works are also conducted for the accuracy statistics of the ZY-3 DEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZY-3%20satellite%20imagery" title="ZY-3 satellite imagery">ZY-3 satellite imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRTM" title=" SRTM"> SRTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinement" title=" refinement"> refinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76112/a-study-of-zy3-satellite-digital-elevation-model-verification-and-refinement-with-shuttle-radar-topography-mission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> CFD Simulation on Gas Turbine Blade and Effect of Twisted Hole Shape on Film Cooling Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thulodin%20Mat%20Lazim">Thulodin Mat Lazim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminuddin%20Saat"> Aminuddin Saat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Fakhir%20Abdulwahid"> Ammar Fakhir Abdulwahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaid%20Sattar%20Kareem"> Zaid Sattar Kareem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Film cooling is one of the cooling systems investigated for the application to gas turbine blades. Gas turbines use film cooling in addition to turbulence internal cooling to protect the blades outer surface from hot gases. The present study concentrates on the numerical investigation of film cooling performance for a row of twisted cylindrical holes in modern turbine blade. The adiabatic film effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient are determined numerical on a flat plate downstream of a row of inclined different cross section area hole exit by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The swirling motion of the film coolant was induced the twisted angle of film cooling holes, which inclined an angle of α toward the vertical direction and surface of blade turbine. The holes angle α of the impingement mainstream was changed from 90°, 65°, 45°, 30° and 20°. The film cooling effectiveness on surface of blade turbine wall was measured by using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Results showed that the effectiveness of rectangular twisted hole has the effectiveness among other cross section area of the hole at blowing ratio (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20blade%20cooling" title="turbine blade cooling">turbine blade cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20cooling" title=" film cooling"> film cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20shape%20of%20hole" title=" geometry shape of hole"> geometry shape of hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6868/cfd-simulation-on-gas-turbine-blade-and-effect-of-twisted-hole-shape-on-film-cooling-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Modifying Hawking Radiation in 2D-Approximated Schwarzschild Black Holes near the Event Horizon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Pincak">Richard Pincak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starting from a 4D spacetime model using a partially negative dimensional product manifold (PNDP-manifold), which emerges as a 2D spacetime, we developed an analysis of tidal forces and Hawking radiation near the event horizon of a Schwarzchild black hole. The modified 2D metric, incorporating the effects of the four-dimensional Weyl tensor, with the dilatonic field and the newly derived time relation $2\alpha t = \ln \epsilon$, can enable a deeper understanding of quantum gravity. The analysis shows how the modified Hawking temperature and distribution of emitted particles are affected by additional fields, providing potential observables for future experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20holes" title="black holes">black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawking%20radiation" title=" Hawking radiation"> Hawking radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weyl%20tensor" title=" Weyl tensor"> Weyl tensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20paradox" title=" information paradox"> information paradox</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191161/modifying-hawking-radiation-in-2d-approximated-schwarzschild-black-holes-near-the-event-horizon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Status and Management of Grape Stem Borer, Celosterna scrabrator with Soil Application of Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 gr</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20Kambrekar">D. N. Kambrekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Jagginavar"> S. B. Jagginavar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Aruna"> J. Aruna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Grape stem borer, <em>Celosterna scrabrator </em>is an important production constraint in grapes in India. Hitherto this pest was a severe menace only on the aged and unmanaged fields but during the recent past it has also started damaging the newly established fields. In India, since Karnataka, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra are the major grape production states, the incidence of stem borer is also restricted and severe in these states. The grubs of the beetle bore in to the main stem and even the branches, which affect the translocation of nutrients to the areal parts of the plant. Since, the grubs bore inside the stem, the chewed material along with its excreta is discharged outside the holes and the frass is found on the ground just below the bored holes. The portion of vines above the damaged part has a sticky appearance. The leaves become pale yellow which looks like a deficiency of micronutrients. The leaves ultimately dry and drop down. The status of the incidence of the grape stem borer in different grape growing districts of Northern Karnataka was carried out during three years. In each taluka five locations were surveyed for the incidence of grape stem borer. Further, the experiment on management of stem borer was carried out in the grape gardens of Vijayapur districts under farmers field during three years. Stem borer infested plants that show live holes were selected per treatments and it was replicated three times. Live and dead holes observed during pre-treatment were closely monitored and only plants with live holes were selected and tagged. Different doses of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR were incorporated into the soil around the vine basins near root zone surrounded to trunk region by removing soils up to 5-10 cm with a peripheral distance of 1 to 1.5 feet from the main trunk where feeder roots are present. Irrigation was followed after application of insecticide for proper incorporation of the test chemical. The results indicated that there was sever to moderate incidence of the stem borer in all the grape growing districts of northern Karnataka. Maximum incidence was recorded in Belagavi (11 holes per vine) and minimum was in Gadag district (8.5 holes per vine). The investigations carried out to study the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole on grape stem borer for successive three years under farmers field indicated that chlorantraniliprole @ 15g/vine applied just near the active root zone of the plant followed by irrigation has successfully managed the pest. The insecticide has translocated to all the parts of the plants and thereby stopped the activity of the pest which has resulted in to better growth of the plant and higher berry yield compared to other treatments under investigation. Thus, chlorantraniliprole 0.4 GR @ 15g/vine can be effective means in managing the stem borer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorantraniliprole" title="chlorantraniliprole">chlorantraniliprole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape%20stem%20borer" title=" grape stem borer"> grape stem borer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celosterna%20scrabrator" title=" Celosterna scrabrator"> Celosterna scrabrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79928/status-and-management-of-grape-stem-borer-celosterna-scrabrator-with-soil-application-of-chlorantraniliprole-04-gr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Porous Bluff-Body Disc on Improving the Gas-Mixing Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shun-Chang%20Yen">Shun-Chang Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Lun%20Peng"> You-Lun Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Ching%20San"> Kuo-Ching San</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical study on a bluff-body structure with multiple holes was conducted using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics analysis. The effects of the hole number and jet inclination angles were considered under a fixed gas flow rate and nonreactive gas. The bluff body with multiple holes can transform the axial momentum into a radial and tangential momentum as well as increase the swirl number (S). The concentration distribution in the mixing of a central carbon dioxide (CO2) jet and an annular air jet was utilized to analyze the mixing efficiency. Three bluff bodies with differing hole numbers (H = 3, 6, and 12) and three jet inclination angles (θ = 45°, 60°, and 90°) were designed for analysis. The Reynolds normal stress increases with the inclination angle. The Reynolds shear stress, average turbulence intensity, and average swirl number decrease with the inclination angle. For an unsymmetrical hole configuration (i.e., H = 3), the streamline patterns exhibited an unsymmetrical flow field. The highest mixing efficiency (i.e., the lowest integral gas fraction of CO2) occurred at H = 3. Furthermore, the highest swirl number coincided with the strongest effect on the mass fraction of CO2. Therefore, an unsymmetrical hole arrangement induced a high swirl flow behind the porous disc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body%20with%20multiple%20holes" title="bluff body with multiple holes">bluff body with multiple holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl-jet%20flow" title=" swirl-jet flow"> swirl-jet flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20efficiency" title=" mixing efficiency"> mixing efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56853/porous-bluff-body-disc-on-improving-the-gas-mixing-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Structural Analysis of Hole-Type Plate for Weight Lightening of Road Sign</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon-Yeop%20Na">Joon-Yeop Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Keun%20Baik"> Sang-Keun Baik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyu-Soo%20Chong"> Kyu-Soo Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road sign sizes are related to their support and foundation, and the large-scale support that is generally installed at roadsides can cause inconvenience to pedestrians and damage the urban landscape. The most influential factor in determining the support and foundation of road signs is the wind load. In this study, we introduce a hole-type road sign to analyze its effects on reducing wind load. A hole-type road sign reduces the drag coefficient that is applied when considering the air and fluid resistance of a plate when the wind pressure is calculated, thus serving as an effective option for lightening the weights of road sign structures. A hole-type road sign is punctured with a perforator. Furthermore, the size of the holes and their distance is determined considering the damage to characters, the poor performance of reflective sheets, and legibility. For the calculation of the optimal specification of a hole-type road sign, we undertook a theoretical examination for reducing the wind loads on hole-type road signs, and analyzed the bending and reflectivity of sample road sign plates. The analytic results confirmed that a hole-type road sign sample that contains holes of 6 mm in diameter with a distance of 18 mm between the holes shows reflectivity closest to that of existing road signs; moreover, the average bending moment resulted in a reduction of 4.24%, and the support’s diameter is reduced by 40.2%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20type" title="hole type">hole type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20sign" title=" road sign"> road sign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20lightening" title=" weight lightening"> weight lightening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20load" title=" wind load"> wind load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11317/structural-analysis-of-hole-type-plate-for-weight-lightening-of-road-sign" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> Strongly Disordered Conductors and Insulators in Holography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Stephenson">Matthew Stephenson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the electrical conductivity of strongly disordered, strongly coupled quantum field theories, holographically dual to non-perturbatively disordered uncharged black holes. The computation reduces to solving a diffusive hydrostatic equation for an emergent horizon fluid. We demonstrate that a large class of theories in two spatial dimensions have a universal conductivity independent of disorder strength, and rigorously rule out disorder-driven conductor-insulator transitions in many theories. We present a (fine-tuned) axion-dilaton bulk theory which realizes the conductor-insulator transition, interpreted as a classical percolation transition in the horizon fluid. We address aspects of strongly disordered holography that can and cannot be addressed via mean-field modeling, such as massive gravity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20physics" title="theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20holes" title=" black holes"> black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holography" title=" holography"> holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy" title=" high energy"> high energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164300/strongly-disordered-conductors-and-insulators-in-holography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Improvement in Acoustic Performance at Low Frequency via Application of Acoustic Resistance of Vented Hole in In-Ear Earphones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Hsuan%20Lei">Tzu-Hsuan Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Chien%20Wu"> Shu-Chien Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Che%20Lo"> Kuang-Che Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Chi%20Liu"> Shu-Chi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Cheng%20Liu"> Yu-Cheng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this study was on the effects of air propagation associated with vented holes on acoustic resistance properties. A cylindrical hole with diameter and depth of 0.7 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, was the research target. By constructing a finite element analytical model of its sound field properties, the acoustic-specific airflow resistance relationships were obtained for the differences in sound pressure and flow velocity at the two ends of this vented hole. In addition, the acoustic properties of this vented hole were included in the in-ear earphone simulation model to complete the sound pressure curve simulation analysis of the in-ear earphone system with a vented hole of corresponding size. Then, the simulation results were compared with actual measurements obtained from the standard system. Based on the results, when the in-ear earphone vented hole simulation model considered the simulated specific airflow resistance values of this cylindrical hole, the overall simulated sound pressure performance was highly consistent with that of measured values. The difference in the first peak values of sound pressure at mid-to-low frequencies was reduced from 5.64% when the simulation model did not consider the specific airflow resistance of the cylindrical hole to 1.18%, and the accuracy of the overall simulation was around 70%. This indicates the importance of the acoustic resistance properties of vented holes. Moreover, as specific airflow resistance values were able to be further quantified, the accuracy of the entire in-ear earphone simulation was ultimately and effectively elevated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20airflow%20resistance" title="specific airflow resistance">specific airflow resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vented%20holes" title=" vented holes"> vented holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-ear%20earphone" title=" in-ear earphone"> in-ear earphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186158/improvement-in-acoustic-performance-at-low-frequency-via-application-of-acoustic-resistance-of-vented-hole-in-in-ear-earphones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> The Generalized Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi Solutions in Modeling the Cosmological Black Holes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20M.%20Kopteva">Elena M. Kopteva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlina%20Jaluvkova"> Pavlina Jaluvkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Stuchlik"> Zdenek Stuchlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In spite of the numerous attempts to close the discussion about the influence of cosmological expansion on local gravitationally bounded systems, this question arises in literature again and again and remains still far from its final resolution. Here one of the main problems is the problem of obtaining a physically adequate model of strongly gravitating object immersed in non-static cosmological background. Such objects are usually called ‘cosmological’ black holes and are of great interest in wide set of cosmological and astrophysical areas. In this work the set of new exact solutions of the Einstein equations is derived for the flat space that generalizes the known Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution for the case of nonzero pressure. The solutions obtained are pretending to describe the black hole immersed in nonstatic cosmological background and give a possibility to investigate the hot problems concerning the effects of the cosmological expansion in gravitationally bounded systems, the structure formation in the early universe, black hole thermodynamics and other related problems. It is shown that each of the solutions obtained contains either the Reissner-Nordstrom or the Schwarzschild black hole in the central region of the space. It is demonstrated that the approach of the mass function use in solving of the Einstein equations allows clear physical interpretation of the resulting solutions, that is of much benefit to any their concrete application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20solutions%20of%20the%20Einstein%20equations" title="exact solutions of the Einstein equations">exact solutions of the Einstein equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmological%20black%20holes" title=" cosmological black holes"> cosmological black holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi%20solutions" title=" generalized Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solutions"> generalized Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonzero%20pressure" title=" nonzero pressure"> nonzero pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63654/the-generalized-lemaitre-tolman-bondi-solutions-in-modeling-the-cosmological-black-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Realizing Teleportation Using Black-White Hole Capsule Constructed by Space-Time Microstrip Circuit Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mapatsakon%20Sarapat">Mapatsakon Sarapat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mongkol%20Ketwongsa"> Mongkol Ketwongsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somchat%20Sonasang"> Somchat Sonasang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preecha%20Yupapin"> Preecha Yupapin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The designed and performed preliminary tests on a space-time control circuit using a two-level system circuit with a 4-5 cm diameter microstrip for realistic teleportation have been demonstrated. It begins by calculating the parameters that allow a circuit that uses the alternative current (AC) at a specified frequency as the input signal. A method that causes electrons to move along the circuit perimeter starting at the speed of light, which found satisfaction based on the wave-particle duality. It is able to establish the supersonic speed (faster than light) for the electron cloud in the middle of the circuit, creating a timeline and propulsive force as well. The timeline is formed by the stretching and shrinking time cancellation in the relativistic regime, in which the absolute time has vanished. In fact, both black holes and white holes are created from time signals at the beginning, where the speed of electrons travels close to the speed of light. They entangle together like a capsule until they reach the point where they collapse and cancel each other out, which is controlled by the frequency of the circuit. Therefore, we can apply this method to large-scale circuits such as potassium, from which the same method can be applied to form the system to teleport living things. In fact, the black hole is a hibernation system environment that allows living things to live and travel to the destination of teleportation, which can be controlled from position and time relative to the speed of light. When the capsule reaches its destination, it increases the frequency of the black holes and white holes canceling each other out to a balanced environment. Therefore, life can safely teleport to the destination. Therefore, there must be the same system at the origin and destination, which could be a network. Moreover, it can also be applied to space travel as well. The design system will be tested on a small system using a microstrip circuit system that we can create in the laboratory on a limited budget that can be used in both wired and wireless systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20teleportation" title="quantum teleportation">quantum teleportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black-white%20hole" title=" black-white hole"> black-white hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timeline" title=" timeline"> timeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativistic%20electronics" title=" relativistic electronics"> relativistic electronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175534/realizing-teleportation-using-black-white-hole-capsule-constructed-by-space-time-microstrip-circuit-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Development of Locally Fabricated Honey Extracting Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinfiresoye%20W.%20A.">Akinfiresoye W. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olarewaju%20O.%20O."> Olarewaju O. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okunola"> Okunola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okunola%20I.%20O."> Okunola I. O.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An indigenous honey-extracting machine was designed, fabricated and evaluated at the workshop of the department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Nigeria using locally available materials. It has the extraction unit, the presser, the honey collector and the frame. The harvested honeycomb is placed inside the cylindrical extraction unit with perforated holes. The press plate was then placed on the comb while the hydraulic press of 3 tons was placed on it, supported by the frame. The hydraulic press, which is manually operated, forces the oil out of the extraction chamber through the perforated holes into the honey collector positioned at the lowest part of the extraction chamber. The honey-extracting machine has an average throughput of 2.59 kg/min and an efficiency of about 91%. The cost of producing the honey extracting machine is NGN 31, 700: 00, thirty-one thousand and seven hundred nairas only or $70 at NGN 452.8 to a dollar. This cost is affordable to beekeepers and would-be honey entrepreneurs. The honey-extracting machine is easy to operate and maintain without any complex technical know-how. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title="honey">honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extractor" title=" extractor"> extractor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161922/development-of-locally-fabricated-honey-extracting-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a Can-Type Combustion Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvakuma%20Kumaresh">Selvakuma Kumaresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion phenomenon will be accomplished effectively by the development of low emission combustor. One of the significant factors influencing the entire Combustion process is the mixing between a swirling angular jet (Primary Air) and the non-swirling inner jet (fuel). To study this fundamental flow, the chamber had to be designed in such a manner that the combustion process to sustain itself in a continuous manner and the temperature of the products is sufficiently below the maximum working temperature in the turbine. This study is used to develop the effective combustion with low unburned combustion products by adopting the concept of high swirl flow and motility of holes in the secondary chamber. The proper selection of a swirler is needed to reduce emission which can be concluded from the emission of Nox and CO2. The capture of CO2 is necessary to mitigate CO2 emissions from natural gas. Thus the suppression of unburned gases is a meaningful objective for the development of high performance combustor without affecting turbine blade temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title="combustion">combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=can-type%20combustion%20chamber" title=" can-type combustion chamber"> can-type combustion chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motility%20of%20holes" title=" motility of holes"> motility of holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20flow" title=" swirl flow"> swirl flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11885/combustion-and-emission-characteristics-in-a-can-type-combustion-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Dimensional Accuracy of CNTs/PMMA Parts and Holes Produced by Laser Cutting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Karimzad%20Ghavidel">A. Karimzad Ghavidel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zadshakouyan"> M. Zadshakouyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser cutting is a very common production method for cutting 2D polymeric parts. Developing of polymer composites with nano-fibers makes important their other properties like laser workability. The aim of this research is investigation of the influence different laser cutting conditions on the dimensional accuracy of parts and holes from poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) material. Experiments were carried out by considering of CNTs (in four level 0,0.5, 1 and 1.5% wt.%), laser power (60, 80, and 100 watt) and cutting speed 20, 30, and 40 mm/s as input variable factors. The results reveal that CNTs adding improves the laser workability of PMMA and the increasing of power has a significant effect on the part and hole size. The findings also show cutting speed is effective parameter on the size accuracy. Eventually, the statistical analysis of results was done, and calculated mathematical equations by the regression are presented for determining relation between input and output factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensional%20accuracy" title="dimensional accuracy">dimensional accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNTs" title=" CNTs"> CNTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20cutting" title=" laser cutting"> laser cutting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79616/dimensional-accuracy-of-cntspmma-parts-and-holes-produced-by-laser-cutting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Through-Bolt Moment Connection in HSS Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bardia%20Khafaf">Bardia Khafaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Ghaffari"> Mehrdad Ghaffari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hussein%20Samakar"> Amir Hussein Samakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is currently desirable to use Hollow Square Sections (HSS) in moment resistant structures in construction of building because they offer fewer restrictions for designing and more useful space while adhering to build design codes. This paper present a through bolt connection in HSS column. This connection meets building code standards that require the moment resistant connections to deflect and absorb energy resulting from gravity and seismic loads. Connection through bolts is installed and pretension to provide the connection strength needed to make a beam–column moment rigid zone. A rigid joint is typically used to resist lateral forces by holding columns and beams fixed in relation to one another. With bolted moment frames using HSS columns, a through–bolt connection could be used to secure the beam and end plate to the column. However, when multiple columns and beams are used to span a length of building, the use of through-bolts would necessities aligning multiple beams simultaneously to the columns. In the case of a linear span, the assembly process requires the holes of a first beam end plate to be aligned with through bolt holes in a column and aligning the holes of a second, opposing beam plate with the column through bolt, then inserting the through bolts in each hole for tightening with nuts and washers. In moment resistant building, a problem arises when assembling beams to columns where multiple beams and columns are required. Through bolt, moment connections are among the economical, practical and not difficult rigid steel connection for HSS column building. In this paper, the results of numerous analytical studies performed for moment structures with HSS columns with through bolt based on AISC standard codes are shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through%20bolt" title="through bolt">through bolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20resistant%20connection" title=" moment resistant connection"> moment resistant connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSS%20columns%20section" title=" HSS columns section"> HSS columns section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20engineering" title=" construction engineering"> construction engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3258/through-bolt-moment-connection-in-hss-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Hole Characteristics of Percussion and Single Pulse Laser-Incised Radiata Pine and the Effects of Wood Anatomy on Laser-Incision</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhasisa%20Nath">Subhasisa Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Waugh"> David Waugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Ormondroyd"> Graham Ormondroyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morwenna%20Spear"> Morwenna Spear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Pitman"> Andy Pitman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Mason"> Paul Mason</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood is one of the most sustainable and environmentally favourable materials and is chemically treated in timber industries to maximise durability. To increase the chemical preservative uptake and retention by the wood, current limiting incision technologies are commonly used. This work reports the effects of single pulse CO2 laser-incision and frequency tripled Nd:YAG percussion laser-incision on the characteristics of laser-incised holes in the Radiata Pine. The laser-incision studies were based on changing laser wavelengths, energies and focal planes to conclude on an optimised combination for the laser-incision of Radiata Pine. The laser pulse duration had a dominant effect over laser power in controlling hole aspect ratio in CO2 laser-incision. A maximum depth of ~ 30 mm was measured with a laser power output of 170 W and a pulse duration of 80 ms. However, increased laser power led to increased carbonisation of holes. The carbonisation effect was reduced during laser-incision in the ultra-violet (UV) regime. Deposition of a foamy phase on the laser-incised hole wall was evident irrespective of laser radiation wavelength and energy. A maximum hole depth of ~20 mm was measured in the percussion laser-incision in the UV regime (355 nm) with a pulse energy of 320 mJ. The radial and tangential faces had a significant effect on laser-incision efficiency for all laser wavelengths. The laser-incised hole shapes and circularities were affected by the wood anatomy (earlywoods and latewoods in the structure). Subsequently, the mechanism of laser-incision is proposed by analysing the internal structure of laser-incised holes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20Laser" title="CO2 Laser">CO2 Laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nd%3A%20YAG%20laser" title=" Nd: YAG laser"> Nd: YAG laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incision" title=" incision"> incision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20characteristics" title=" hole characteristics"> hole characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450/hole-characteristics-of-percussion-and-single-pulse-laser-incised-radiata-pine-and-the-effects-of-wood-anatomy-on-laser-incision" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Multi Universe Existence Based-On Quantum Relativity using DJV Circuit Experiment Interpretation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arif%20Jalil">Muhammad Arif Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somchat%20Sonasang"> Somchat Sonasang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preecha%20Yupapin"> Preecha Yupapin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study hypothesizes that the universe is at the center of the universe among the white and black holes, which are the entangled pairs. The coupling between them is in terms of spacetime forming the universe and things. The birth of things is based on exchange energy between the white and black sides. That is, the transition from the white side to the black side is called wave-matter, where it has a speed faster than light with positive gravity. The transition from the black to the white side has a speed faster than light with negative gravity called a wave-particle. In the part where the speed is equal to light, the particle rest mass is formed. Things can appear to take shape here. Thus, the gravity is zero because it is the center. The gravitational force belongs to the Earth itself because it is in a position that is twisted towards the white hole. Therefore, it is negative. The coupling of black-white holes occurs directly on both sides. The mass is formed at the saturation and will create universes and other things. Therefore, it can be hundreds of thousands of universes on both sides of the B and white holes before reaching the saturation point of multi-universes. This work will use the DJV circuit that the research team made as an entangled or two-level system circuit that has been experimentally demonstrated. Therefore, this principle has the possibility for interpretation. This work explains the emergence of multiple universes and can be applied as a practical guideline for searching for universes in the future. Moreover, the results indicate that the DJV circuit can create the elementary particles according to Feynman's diagram with rest mass conditions, which will be discussed for fission and fusion applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-universes" title="multi-universes">multi-universes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feynman%20diagram" title=" feynman diagram"> feynman diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fission" title=" fission"> fission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion" title=" fusion"> fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176368/multi-universe-existence-based-on-quantum-relativity-using-djv-circuit-experiment-interpretation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Improving Inelastic Capacity of Cold-Formed Steel Beams Using Slotted Blotted Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzie%20Shahini">Marzie Shahini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Bagheri%20Sabbagh"> Alireza Bagheri Sabbagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasoul%20Mirghaderi"> Rasoul Mirghaderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20C.%20Davidson"> Paul C. Davidson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this paper is to incorporating the slotted bolted connection into the cold-formed steel (CFS) beams with aim of increasing inelastic bending capacity through bolt slip. An extensive finite element analysis was conducted on the through plate CFS bolted connections which are equipped with the slotted hole. The studied parameters in this paper included the following: CFS beam section geometry, the value of slip force, CFS beam thickness. The numerical results indicate that CFS slotted bolted connection exhibit higher inelastic capacity in terms of ductility compare to connection with standards holes. Moreover, the effect of slip force was analysed by comparing the moment-rotation curves of different models with different slip force value. As a result, as the slip force became lower, there was a tendency for the plastic strain to extend from the CFS member to the connection region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip-critical%20bolted%20connection" title="slip-critical bolted connection">slip-critical bolted connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inelastic%20capacity" title=" inelastic capacity"> inelastic capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slotted%20holes" title=" slotted holes"> slotted holes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title=" cold-formed steel"> cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolt%20slippage" title=" bolt slippage"> bolt slippage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20force" title=" slip force"> slip force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59462/improving-inelastic-capacity-of-cold-formed-steel-beams-using-slotted-blotted-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holes&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holes&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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