Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Avian Influenza A Viruses in People | Bird Flu

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class="col-md-12"><div class="row-fluid"> <div class="vc_empty_space col-12 pb-3"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> </div><div class="cdc-textblock"><div id="alert_unique_1672bdf6abf249" class="alert alert-info alert-icon" role="alert" data-alert-start="" data-alert-end=""> <p class="alert-body">CDC has updated guidance related to post-exposure prophylaxis and testing for farm workers exposed to animals infected with or potentially infected with H5N1 bird flu. These guidance updates can be found at: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html">Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations</a>. Updates to this page are forthcoming.</p> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <section class="cdc-page-title-bar cdc-page-offset noindex"> <time class="cdc-page-title-bar__item cdc-page-title-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-07-19 00:00:00"> July 19, 2024 </time> <div data-alt-langs class="cdc-page-title-bar__item cdc-page-title-bar__item--languages"> <a class="cdc-page-title-bar__item" href="https://espanol.cdc.gov/enes/bird-flu/prevention/index.html">Español</a> </div> </section> <div class="cdc-page-title cdc-page-offset syndicate"> <h1>Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Avian Influenza A Viruses in People</h1> </div> <div id="content" class="cdc-page-content cdc-page-offset syndicate container"> <div class="cdc-dfe-body "> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__top "> <div class="dfe-section dfe-section--page-summary summary-list" data-section="cdc_prevention_page_summary"> <div class="dfe-section__header"> <h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading--zasnoaku8">What to know</h2> </div> <div class="dfe-section__content"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals infected with or suspected to be infected with avian influenza A viruses.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-section__nav hide" id="dfe-section__nav"> <div class="dfe-section__nav__header" id="dfe-section__nav__header"> </div> <div class="dfe-section__nav-links" id="dfe-section__nav-links"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="nav-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__center "> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_overview"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_overview-the-best-prevention-is-to-avoid-sources-of-exposure" name="The%20best%20prevention%20is%20to%20avoid%20sources%20of%20exposure" title="The best prevention is to avoid sources of exposure"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-9luqvf-pqb">The best prevention is to avoid sources of exposure</h2> <p>The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to <a href="/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html" class="ce-selection">avoid sources of exposure</a> whenever possible. Infected birds shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, mucous, and feces and other infected animals may shed avian influenza A viruses in respiratory secretions and other body fluids (e.g., cow milk). Avian influenza A viruses also can infect the respiratory tract of mammals and cause infection in other organ tissues. People rarely get avian influenza A virus infection; however, human infections with avian influenza viruses can happen when enough virus gets into a person's eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. This can happen when virus is in the air (in droplets or possibly dust) and a person breathes it in, or when a person touches something that has virus on it and then touches their mouth, eyes or nose. Avian influenza A virus infections in people happen most often after close, prolonged and unprotected (no gloves or other protective wear) contact with infected birds or other animals. People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_exposure"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_exposure-what-to-do-to-protect-yourself" name="What%20to%20do%20to%20protect%20yourself" title="What to do to protect yourself"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-h3elgnujhp">What to do to protect yourself</h2> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, and other animals and observe them only from a distance.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). Wild birds can be infected with avian (bird) influenza (flu) A viruses even if they don't look sick.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Do not touch surfaces or materials (e.g., animal litter or bedding material) contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian bird influenza A virus infection.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Do not touch or consume raw milk or raw milk products, especially from animals with confirmed or suspected avian influenza A virus infection.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_pop"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_pop-who-is-impacted" name="Who%20is%20impacted" title="Who is impacted"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-sqy5xx-gz7">Who is impacted</h2> <h3 id="heading-1cxo8ixa22">Information for other groups who have contact with infected birds or other animals</h3> <p>Other groups of people who may have contact with birds or other animals infected or potentially infected with avian influenza A viruses include hunters and people who have <a href="/bird-flu/caring/" class="ce-selection">backyard or hobbyist flocks</a>. People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA's toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. Find additional information on biosecurity for backyard flocks on <a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/defend-the-flock" class="ce-selection tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">USDA's APHIS website<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a>.</p> <h3 id="heading-5spar91p5c">Information for hunters</h3> <p>Hunters who handle wild birds should dress game birds in the field when possible and practice good hygiene to prevent any potential disease spread. If possible, wear gloves, an N95 respirator if available or, if not available, a well-fitting facemask (e.g., a surgical mask), and eye protection when dressing birds. Afterwards, throw away the gloves and facemask and then wash your hands with soap and water. More information on <a href="https://www.fws.gov/avian-influenza?utm_campaign=&utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">general safety guidelines for hunters handling wildlife and their tissues<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a> is available from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's website.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/caring/index.html">Backyard Flock Owners: Caring for Yourself and Others</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_sign"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_sign-what-to-do-if-you-find-an-infected-or-potentially-infected-or-dead-wild-bird-or-other-animal" name="What%20to%20do%20if%20you%20find%20an%20infected%20or%20potentially%20infected%20or%20dead%20wild%20bird%20or%20other%20animal" title="What to do if you find an infected or potentially infected or dead wild bird or other animal"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-saleaosa75">What to do if you find an infected or potentially infected or dead wild bird or other animal</h2> <p>State and local governments have different policies for collecting dead and testing sick or dead animals, so check with your state health department, state veterinary diagnostic laboratory, or state wildlife agency for information about reporting animals that look sick or are dead in your area.</p> <p>People should avoid unprotected (not using respiratory and eye protection) exposures to sick or dead animals including wild birds, poultry, other domesticated birds, and other wild or domesticated animals. Wildlife agencies regularly investigate reports of sick or dead animals. This type of reporting could help with the early detection of illnesses like West Nile virus or H5N1 bird flu. If local authorities tell you to throw away the bird's carcass (body), don't touch it with your bare hands. Use gloves or a plastic bag turned inside out to place the body in a garbage bag, which can then be thrown away in your regular trash. </p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--calltoaction"><h3>Report sick birds or other animals&lrm;</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA's toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. <br><br>Find additional information on biosecurity for backyard flocks on <a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian/defend-the-flock-program/defend-the-flock-program" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">USDA's APHIS website<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a>.</div> </div></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_pre"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_pre-what-to-do-if-you-had-direct-contact-with-birds-or-other-animals-infected-with-avian-influenza-a-virus-and-become-sick" name="What%20to%20do%20if%20you%20had%20direct%20contact%20with%20birds%20or%20other%20animals%20infected%20with%20avian%20influenza%20A%20virus%20and%20become%20sick" title="What to do if you had direct contact with birds or other animals infected with avian influenza A virus and become sick"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-jaczush1bo">What to do if you had direct contact with birds or other animals infected with avian influenza A virus and become sick</h2> <p>CDC has <a href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/07/Bird-Flu-Exposure-Handout.pdf" class="" target="_blank">information available<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> for different groups of people who become sick after contact with infected birds.</p> <p>People who become sick within 10 days of their exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should isolate at home away from their household members and should not go to work or school until they are proven not to have avian influenza A virus infection. The local or state public health department should be notified and can assist in testing if needed, monitoring and advising when isolation is no longer required.</p> <p>For more information about bird flu and what to do if you have been exposed to bird flu, visit: <a href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/07/Bird-Flu-Exposure-Handout.pdf" class="" target="_blank">What To Know About Bird Flu<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_method"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_method-consuming-food" name="Consuming%20food" title="Consuming food"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-paddqy7tgs">Consuming food</h2> <p>Eating uncooked or undercooked poultry or beef can make you sick. While there is no evidence that anyone in the United States has gotten infected with avian influenza A viruses after eating properly handled and cooked poultry products, uncooked poultry and poultry products (like blood) could have been the source of a <a href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2005_01_21-en" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="int">small number<span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a> of avian influenza A virus infections in people in Southeast Asia. Visit CDC's <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/chicken.html">Chicken and Food Poisoning</a> web page for instructions on handling poultry safely.</p> <h3 id="heading-ggxr-m0t-b">Preparing food</h3> <h4 id="heading-h4aob1xups">For poultry:</h4> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Cooking poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165˚F kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. People should separate uncooked (raw) poultry from cooked foods and foods that won't be cooked. Cook all poultry and poultry products (including eggs) all the way before eating. More information about safe handling and cooking of poultry can be found here: <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/chicken.html">Chicken and Food Poisoning </a><ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4 id="heading-jt0zj4wzbh">For beef:</h4> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Cooking beef to the appropriate internal temperature kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. Cook all beef products thoroughly before eating. Ground beef should reach a safe internal temperature of 160°F and whole cuts of beef should reach 145°F then rest for 3 minutes. Refer to <a href="/food-safety/foods/safer-food-choices.html">CDC's safer foods table</a> for a complete list of safe internal temperatures.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Separate uncooked (raw) beef from cooked foods or foods that won't be cooked to prevent cross-contamination.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4 id="heading-9tqs8pvsxj">Unpasteurized (raw) milk&lrm; safety</h4> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Choosing pasteurized milk and products made with pasteurized milk is the best way to keep you and your family safe. Unpasteurized (raw) milk and products made from raw milk, including soft cheese, ice cream, and yogurt, can be contaminated with germs that can cause serious illness, hospitalization, or death. Pasteurization kills bacteria and viruses, like avian influenza A viruses, in milk. Make the best decision for your health and the health of your family by always choosing pasteurized milk and products made with it.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Anyone, even healthy adults, can get sick from drinking unpasteurized (raw) milk.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Based on the limited research and information available, we do not know at this time if avian influenza A viruses can be transmitted to people through consumption of raw milk and products (such as cheese) made from raw milk from infected cows.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">More information is available at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/raw-milk.html">How to Prevent Food Poisoning</a>.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--calltoaction"><h3>Raw milk&lrm;</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">Make the best decision for your health and the health of your family by always choosing pasteurized milk and products made with it. Anyone, even healthy adults, can get sick from drinking unpasteurized (raw) milk.</div> </div><div class="dfe-callout__button"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/raw-milk.html" class="button hollow">Learn more</a></div></div> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html">Reducing Risk for People Working with or Exposed to Animals</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_when_traveling"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_when_traveling-traveling" name="Traveling" title="Traveling"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-ovfnu1dlry">Traveling</h2> <p>Currently, CDC does not recommend against <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices">travel</a> to any countries due to avian influenza A viruses in wild birds, poultry, other animals, or people. CDC recommends that travelers to countries and states with H5N1 bird flu outbreaks in animals or people:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Do not visit poultry farms, bird markets, or other places where live poultry are raised, kept, or sold, if possible. If you must visit such places, wear personal protective equipment and avoid touching poultry or other birds.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Do not visit dairy farms with sick cows, unless wearing personal protective equipment.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Do not eat raw or undercooked poultry products and wash your hands after touching uncooked poultry.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Practice good hygiene.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Visit a doctor if you become sick during or after travel. Tell the doctor that you might have been exposed to infected birds.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/avian-bird-flu">Avian Flu and Traveler's Health</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_treatment"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_treatment-treatment" name="Treatment" title="Treatment"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-owiim7aau3">Treatment</h2> <p>CDC currently recommends treatment as soon as possible with flu antiviral drugs for people <a href="/bird-flu/hcp/novel-av-treatment-guidance/" class="ce-selection">with suspected or confirmed avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection</a>. Antiviral treatment works best when started as soon as symptoms begin. If you get sick after being in close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, contact your state or local health department and a health care provider right away. They may have you tested for H5N1 bird flu, and a health care provider may write you a prescription for an antiviral drug to treat your illness. It's important to take the medication as directed.</p> <p>Available data on avian influenza A viruses spreading worldwide suggest that avian influenza A virus infections can be treated with current flu antiviral drugs. </p> <p><a href="/bird-flu/php/novel-av-chemoprophylaxis-guidance/" class="ce-selection">Antivirals</a> may also be given soon after unprotected exposure (not using respiratory and eye protection) to a sick person with confirmed or probable A(H5N1) virus infection or after <a href="/bird-flu/hcp/guidance-exposed-persons/" class="ce-selection">unprotected exposure to sick or dead poultry or other infected animals</a> to help prevent infection and illness.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--keep_reading"><b>Keep Reading:</b> <a href="/bird-flu/about/index.html#cdc_disease_basics_treatment-treatment">How to Treat Bird Flu Viruses in People</a></div> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_myths"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_myths-vaccination" name="Vaccination" title="Vaccination"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-mvmngcxdao">Vaccination</h2> <h3 id="heading-3d7ilzdl6n">Getting a seasonal flu vaccine will not protect against H5N1 bird flu</h3> <p>While getting a seasonal flu vaccine only prevents seasonal flu and will not protect against H5N1 bird flu, it is important that people who may have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals get a seasonal flu vaccine, ideally 2 weeks before their potential exposure. This is because it can reduce the prevalence and severity of seasonal flu and might reduce the very rare risk of coinfection with a human seasonal virus and an avian virus at the same time, and the theoretical risk that reassortment between the two could result in a new virus. Such dual infections, while very rare, could theoretically result in genetic reassortment of the two different influenza A viruses and lead to a new influenza A virus that has a different combination of genes, and which could pose a significant public health concern.</p> <h3 id="heading-5nkfufobay">The U.S. Government is developing vaccines against avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in case they are needed</h3> <p>Seasonal flu vaccines do not provide protection against avian influenza A viruses. CDC has developed H5 candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) that are nearly identical or, in many cases, identical to the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of recently detected clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in humans, birds and other mammals. These H5 CVVs could be used to produce a vaccine for people, if needed, and preliminary analysis show that they are expected to provide good protection against avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in <a href="/bird-flu/situation-summary/" class="">birds and other animals</a>. More information about <a href="/bird-flu/php/severe-potential/candidate-vaccine-virus.html">Making a candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) for a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus</a> is available.</p> <p>If you're a clinician, laboratorian, or public health worker, visit <a href="https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/healthprofessionals.htm">Avian Influenza: Information for Health Professionals and Laboratorians</a> for the latest guidance.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_prevention_quick_facts"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_prevention_quick_facts-additional-resources" name="Additional%20Resources" title="Additional Resources"></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-vhij-cw_so">Additional Resources</h2> <p><a href="/niosh/avian-flu/about/index.html">Avian Flu in the Workplace</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__right page-right-rail"> <aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary"> <div class="on-this-page " data-sid=""> <h2 class="on-this-page__heading"> On This Page </h2> <div class="card-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#cdc_prevention_overview-the-best-prevention-is-to-avoid-sources-of-exposure">The best prevention is to avoid sources of exposure</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_prevention_exposure-what-to-do-to-protect-yourself">What to do to protect yourself</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_prevention_pop-who-is-impacted">Who is impacted</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_prevention_sign-what-to-do-if-you-find-an-infected-or-potentially-infected-or-dead-wild-bird-or-other-animal">What to do if you find an infected or potentially infected or dead wild bird or other animal</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_prevention_pre-what-to-do-if-you-had-direct-contact-with-birds-or-other-animals-infected-with-avian-influenza-a-virus-and-become-sick">What to do if you had direct contact with birds or other animals infected with avian influenza A virus and become sick</a></li> <li><a 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