CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="rw" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Claire Andrade-Watkins: Itandukaniro hagati y'amavugururwa - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rwwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Mutarama","Gashyantare","werurwe","Mata","Gicurasi","Kamena","Nyakanga","Kanama","Nzeri","Ukwakira","Ugushyingo","Ukuboza"],"wgRequestId":"cfa64d4b-c082-4385-90a2-9ef94ceb9571","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Claire_Andrade-Watkins","wgTitle":"Claire Andrade-Watkins","wgCurRevisionId":118740,"wgRevisionId":118740,"wgArticleId":9631,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Afurika","Filimi","Abakinnyi ba firime","CS1 maint: archived copy as title"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"rw","wgPageContentLanguage":"rw","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Claire_Andrade-Watkins","wgRelevantArticleId":9631,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"rw","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"rw"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":80740,"wgDiffNewId":118740,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q27057389","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=rw&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=rw&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Claire Andrade-Watkins: Itandukaniro hagati y'amavugururwa - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Hindura" href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (rw)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//rw.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.rw"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Claire_Andrade-Watkins rootpage-Claire_Andrade-Watkins skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Hisha</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gushakisha </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intangiriro" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Intangiriro</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Irembo_y%27isangano" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Irembo y'isangano</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ibikorwa_biriho_ubu" title="Find background information on current events"><span>Ibigezweho</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ibiherutse guhindurwa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Random" title="Load a random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Njyana aho ariho hose</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Ubufasha</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Intangiriro" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Shakira aha</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Shakisha Wikipedia" aria-label="Shakisha Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ibidasanzwe:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Shakira aha</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ibikpresho byumuntu kugiticye"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rw.wikipedia.org&uselang=rw" class=""><span>Tanga impano</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:CreateAccount&returnto=Claire+Andrade-Watkins&returntoquery=curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Fungura konti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:UserLogin&returnto=Claire+Andrade-Watkins&returntoquery=curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Injira</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibikpresho byumuntu kugiticye" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ibikpresho byumuntu kugiticye</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rw.wikipedia.org&uselang=rw"><span>Tanga impano</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:CreateAccount&returnto=Claire+Andrade-Watkins&returntoquery=curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Fungura konti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:UserLogin&returnto=Claire+Andrade-Watkins&returntoquery=curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Injira</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Ubufasha:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Imisanzu</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Ibirimo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ibirimo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Hisha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Itangiriro</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ubuzima_bwite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ubuzima_bwite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ubuzima bwite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ubuzima_bwite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umwuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umwuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Umwuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umwuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amashusho[10]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amashusho[10]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Amashusho<sup><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amashusho[10]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reba_kandi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reba_kandi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reba kandi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reba_kandi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ibirimo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Claire Andrade-Watkins: Itandukaniro hagati y'amavugururwa</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 indimi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins – Icyongereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Claire Andrade-Watkins" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Icyongereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Claire Andrade-Watkins" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27057389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hindura imiyoboro ihuza indimi" class="wbc-editpage">Hindura imbuga</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Umwanya hagati y'amazina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Inyandiko</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibiganiro:Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (uru rupapuro ntaruhari) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Ikiganiro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ikinyarwanda</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ibitekerezo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit" title="Kosora uru rupapuro [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit" title="kosora kode y'inkomoko yuru rupapuro [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hindura inkomoko</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Reba amateka</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibikoresho" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ibikoresho</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ibikoresho</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Hisha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Andrade-Watkins"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit" title="Kosora uru rupapuro [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit" title="kosora kode y'inkomoko yuru rupapuro [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hindura inkomoko</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=history"><span>Reba amateka</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:WhatLinksHere/Claire_Andrade-Watkins" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Icyo kiherekeza hano</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:RecentChangesLinked/Claire_Andrade-Watkins" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Impinduka zijyanye nabyo</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=rw" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bika idosiye hano</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Inyandiko zidasanzwe</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&oldid=118740" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Urubuga ruhoraho</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Amakuru y'uru rupapuro</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:CiteThisPage&page=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&id=118740&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Garagaza uru rubuga</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Frw.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DClaire_Andrade-Watkins%26curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Frw.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DClaire_Andrade-Watkins%26curid%3D9631%26diff%3D118740%26oldid%3D80740"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sohora/Ohereza </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Claire+Andrade-Watkins"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibidasanzwe:DownloadAsPdf&page=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=show-download-screen"><span>Manura nka PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>igice wasohora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Muyindi mishinga </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27057389" title="Ihuza kubintu byabitse [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata ikintu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Hisha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kubijyanye na Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="rw"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&curid=9631&diff=118740&oldid=80740&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&curid=9631&diff=118740&oldid=80740&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="rw"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&oldid=80740" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins">Isubirwamwo nka 05:00, 24 Ugushyingo 2021</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&oldid=80740" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins">hindura</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-11-24T05:00:45Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Umukoresha:24eeWikiUser" class="mw-userlink" title="Umukoresha:24eeWikiUser" data-mw-revid="80740"><bdi>24eeWikiUser</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Ibiganiro_by%27umukoresha:24eeWikiUser" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:24eeWikiUser">ibiganiro byanjye</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/24eeWikiUser" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/24eeWikiUser">Umusanzu</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1.727</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Created by translating the page "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/revision/1027910074" class="extiw" title="en:Special:Redirect/revision/1027910074">Claire Andrade-Watkins</a>"</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Tags" title="Ibidasanzwe:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-contenttranslation"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Content_translation">ContentTranslation</a></span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-contenttranslation-v2"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Content_translation/V2">ContentTranslation2</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&oldid=118740" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins">Ivugururwa riheruka ryo kuwa 21:37, 18 Ugushyingo 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit" title="Claire Andrade-Watkins">hindura</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-18T21:37:44Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&undoafter=80740&undo=118740" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">subiramo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Umukoresha:InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-userlink" title="Umukoresha:InternetArchiveBot" data-mw-revid="118740"><bdi>InternetArchiveBot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Ibiganiro_by%27umukoresha:InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:InternetArchiveBot">ibiganiro byanjye</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/InternetArchiveBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/InternetArchiveBot">Umusanzu</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>4.285</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Umurongo 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Umurongo 2:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Ubuzima bwite ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Ubuzima bwite ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Yize muri Lincoln School Providence, abona impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Simmons College nyuma abona MA na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Boston . <ref name="emerson">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</ref><ref>https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Yize muri Lincoln School Providence, abona impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Simmons College nyuma abona MA na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Boston . <ref name="emerson">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</ref><ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cite web |url=</ins>https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124050048/https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories |url-status=dead }}</ins></ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Umwuga ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Umwuga ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Ivugururwa riheruka ryo kuwa 21:37, 18 Ugushyingo 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rw" dir="ltr"><p><b>Claire Andrade-Watkins,</b> ni umunyamateka akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri <a href="/wiki/Kapu_Veri" title="Kapu Veri">Cape Verdean</a> na <a href="/wiki/Leta_Zunze_Ubumwe_z%E2%80%99Amerika" title="Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika">Amerika</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ni intiti itandukanye y’amateka nyafurika n yibanda ku mateka ya Amerika na Cape Verdean, ndetse n’Abafaransa nyuma y’abakoloni. Hagati aho, yitwaye neza muri sinema nyafurika ivuga <a href="/wiki/Porutigali" title="Porutigali">Igiporutugali</a>, sinema za diaspora ya Africana, hamwe na firime y'Abanyamerika b'Abirabura ndetse n'abayikora. <sup id="cite_ref-MAPS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAPS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ubuzima_bwite">Ubuzima bwite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ubuzima bwite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hindura</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ubuzima bwite"><span>hindura inkomoko</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yize muri Lincoln School Providence, abona impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Simmons College nyuma abona MA na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Boston . <sup id="cite_ref-emerson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emerson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Umwuga">Umwuga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Umwuga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hindura</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Umwuga"><span>hindura inkomoko</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Andrade-Watkins ni Umuyobozi washinze umushinga wa ' Fox Point Cape Verdean ', umushinga w’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu baturage mu 2007<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Afite isosiyete ikora kandi igakwirakwiza, 'SPIA Media Productions, Inc.' . Yashinzwe mu 1998 kandi izobereye mu bitangazamakuru byo muri <a href="/wiki/Afurika" title="Afurika">Afurika</a> Diaspora. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niwe mwarimu wa mbere wigisha amasomo yamabara muri kaminuza, akaba na Porofeseri wambere wuzuye wamabara muri Visual and Media Arts mbere yo kwimukira mu kigo cyubuhanzi bwa Liberal Arts & Interdisciplinary Studies. Ni n'umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi birimo,<i>Society for Visual Anthropology</i>, <i>Research in African Literature</i>, <i>The Independent Film and Video Monthly</i>, <i>American Historical Review</i>, and <i>CinémActionn</i> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amashusho[10]"><span id="Amashusho.5B10.5D"></span>Amashusho<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amashusho[10]" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hindura</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Amashusho[10]"><span>hindura inkomoko</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Film </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Genre </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><i>Cape Verde Independence</i> </td> <td>Director, producer </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><i>Some Kind of Funny Porto Rican? : A Cape Verdean American Story</i> </td> <td>Director, executive producer, writer, editor </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><i>Hi, Neighbor</i> </td> <td>Director, producer, writer </td> <td>Video documentary short </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td><i>Serenata de Amor</i> </td> <td>Director, producer </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td><i>Working the Boats: Masters of the Craft</i> </td> <td>Director, producer </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reba_kandi">Reba kandi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reba kandi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hindura</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Reba kandi"><span>hindura inkomoko</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="references">references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: references" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hindura</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: references"><span>hindura inkomoko</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/people/practitioners-residence/claire-andrade-watkins-s2017-f2017">https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/people/practitioners-residence/claire-andrade-watkins-s2017-f2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAPS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MAPS_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://africultures.com/personnes?no=6627">http://africultures.com/personnes?no=6627</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emerson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-emerson_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84951">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124050048/https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories">"Archive copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories">the original</a> on 2021-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewenglandfilm.com%2Fmagazine%2F2016%2F06%2Fcape-verdean-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frw.wikipedia.org%3AClaire+Andrade-Watkins" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Inyandikorugero:Cite_web" title="Inyandikorugero:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Ikiciro:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Ikiciro:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://independent-magazine.org/2019/11/04/legacy-kind-funny-porto-rican-cape-verdean-american-story/">https://independent-magazine.org/2019/11/04/legacy-kind-funny-porto-rican-cape-verdean-american-story/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://spiamedia.com/founder-president/">https://spiamedia.com/founder-president/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/cabo-verde/170-claire-andrade-watkins">http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/cabo-verde/170-claire-andrade-watkins</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://berkeleybeacon.com/emerson-professor-debuts-film/">https://berkeleybeacon.com/emerson-professor-debuts-film/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://moviefit.me/persons/1047027-claire-andrade-watkins">https://moviefit.me/persons/1047027-claire-andrade-watkins</a></span> </li> </ol></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Garura kuri "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&oldid=118740">https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&oldid=118740</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Categories" title="Ibidasanzwe:Categories">Ibyiciro</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikiciro:Afurika" title="Ikiciro:Afurika">Afurika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikiciro:Filimi" title="Ikiciro:Filimi">Filimi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikiciro:Abakinnyi_ba_firime" title="Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime">Abakinnyi ba firime</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikiciro:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Ikiciro:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Uru rupapuro ruheruka guhindurwa igenekerezo rya 18 Ugushyingo 2024, isaha ya 21:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Inyandiko ziboneka kuri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; Ayandi majambo ashobora gukurikizwa. Raba <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> uronke ibisobanuro.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ibigenga uburenganzira</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ijyanye_na">Kubijyanye na Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ukugabisha_muri_rusange">Inshingano</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Abakora programu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/rw.wikipedia.org">Imibare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Invugo za Cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//rw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claire_Andrade-Watkins&curid=9631&diff=118740&oldid=80740&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Uko bigaragara muri telefoni ngendanwa</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bgqhr","wgBackendResponseTime":320,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.098","walltime":"0.121","ppvisitednodes":{"value":165,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1897,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3485,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 91.374 1 Inyandikorugero:Cite_web","100.00% 91.374 1 -total"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.056","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1968077,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7676fdfb56-tbkms","timestamp":"20241118213745","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Claire Andrade-Watkins","url":"https:\/\/rw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claire_Andrade-Watkins","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27057389","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27057389","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-11-24T05:00:45Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T21:37:44Z"}</script> </body> </html>